Water wells - Science topic

DearDr Prem Baboo - Thanks for your comprehensive response .

This is a good summary from OpenAI. Hope it helps!

"Removing salts from well water typically involves a process known as desalination. There are several methods you can consider, depending on the specific salt content and your requirements. Here are a few common approaches:

Reverse Osmosis (RO): Reverse osmosis is a widely used desalination method. It involves passing water through a semipermeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through while blocking the majority of salt and other impurities. RO systems are effective in removing a wide range of salts and are commonly used for residential and commercial water treatment.

Distillation: Distillation involves heating the water to create steam, which is then condensed back into liquid form, leaving behind most of the salts and impurities. Distillation can be effective in removing salts, but it tends to be more energy-intensive compared to other methods.

Electrodialysis: Electrodialysis uses an electric current and a series of ion-exchange membranes to remove salts from water. The process involves separating the water into two streams, one with a higher salt concentration and the other with a lower concentration. Electrodialysis is commonly used in industrial applications.

Ion Exchange: Ion exchange involves exchanging undesirable ions, such as sodium or calcium, with more desirable ions, such as hydrogen or potassium. This method uses a resin bed that attracts and retains the unwanted ions, effectively reducing the salt content of the water. Ion exchange systems are commonly used for water softening but may not be as effective for high levels of salt removal.

It's worth noting that the choice of method depends on various factors, including the specific salts present, the volume of water, and your budget. Consulting with a water treatment professional or an environmental engineer would be beneficial to assess your situation and determine the most suitable approach for your well water."

Thanks @Donkor for suggesting but the Article Publishing Charge for this journal is USD 2550, excluding taxes!!!

Isn't high?

If there is standing water and the number of trays are limited, you may put some water absorbing materials such as paper towel layers on the germination tray and remove it periodically.

Dear A. G. Piyal Aravinna,

Yes, this is an important issue that should be taken into account when improving anti-pandemic safety instruments and systems. The key issue is the distance, but also the creation of such anti-pandemic and sanitary safety instruments that will ensure full separation of water intakes from sewage systems, etc. The issue of distance should take into account various possible technical and organizational devices that will ensure an appropriate range of social distance for citizens and thus the possibility of epidemic development will be much smaller. What do you think about it? What's your opinion on this topic? What do you think about this? What do you think about this topic? What is your opinion on this issue?

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Samuel Nketia Boateng many thanks for sharing this problem with other RG members. The phosphate determination using ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid is based on the formation of a dark blue phosphomolybdate complex. This determination reaction is very sensitive. All I can suggest is that you should strictly follow a published protocol and use analytically pure reagents. If you fulfill these two conditions, then you can assume that your well water contains no phosphate if no blue color develops.

Good luck with your work and best wishes!

I suggest you get this old paper.

Regards

There are still many unknowns in the world of water desalination, however, one thing is known for sure, the techniques of the past are not the solution to the world's water treatment problem. The primary method of reverse osmosis is the most effective but has its limitation. Reverse osmosis requires a high input of energy to produce clean water. In addition, the membranes used in reverse osmosis have glaring downsides. With a predisposition to failing due to fouling and a lack of self-maintenance, plants are forced to produce a high amount of membranes and shut down portions of the site in order to replace them. All processes have their flaws, but nanotechnology aids to remedy them. Nanotechnology streamlines the process of water desalinization, making it a viable option on the industrial level. The NAWADES project and NanoH2O have proved this with their research into new technologies for desalination.

Regards

Hello Em Miran,

normally you will run at least a natural Gamma-ray log where the end of the casing is marked by a strong increase in activity.

regards

Rainer

Audible sound or even infrasound rather than ultrasonic sound is usually used in order to measure a longer distance (no need to be straight) and avoid interfering reflections by the obstacles or well wall along the way. Sound transmission and reception can be done using a laptop PC, table or handphone with a speaker and microphone. MLS (Maximum Length Sequence) signal can be used as the stimulus and the lag time of the echo can be found by the second highest peak of the auto correlation function. Time delay measurement accuracy is in the order of 0.05 ms. The water depth measurement inaccuracy could be mainly attributed to the estimation error in the average air temperature in the well, which is used to determine the average sound speed. For manual measurement, the water depth could simply be measured by tapping the well cover or burst a balloon, see example at https://www.virtins.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=1842.

Look for spatial parameters and the groundwater settings

thanks for suggesting sir

I agree with your answer, extra groundwater pumping may lead to salt water entrusion (mixing of sea water with fresh water).

To use well water you need to analysis the well water quality to discover its suitability for using in domestic purpose.

Also, you need to make economic evaluation for both desalination and groundwater pumping.

Thanks for you both (Bayan and Souvik) for your valuable discussions, Its really very helpful to rich my article about this geological phenomenon, I am forward to more.

Regarding Bayan statement ( the aquifer or the water-bearing horizon ........ its head exceeds the land surface,..... ) yes that,s true the aquifer bed has an outcrops 10km faraway from the well with more than 800m higher topography underlain by thick layers of fractured limestone. So its believed to be a good recharge area and provide good hydrolic head.

Also Dear Souvik regarding your questions and suggestions ( Establish a lithostratigraphic correlation and a cross section. .................... do you have water geochemistry results from the affected well or offset well?)

Fortunately there is abundant oil well close to the water well (less than 1000m) and I have got some geological information from the documents of this Oil well such: litho-stratigraphy, HC show, till more than 2000m depth, and I have done the chemical analysis for the Gas and water which they flow out from the shallow well. generally the water is sulfuric water, and the gas in natural gas (>80% methane) with unusual amount of H2S

SO I am happy to receive your (BOTH) opinion and recommendation

Well,

By design, a water tank or container should do no harm to the water. Water is susceptible to a number of ambient negative influences, including bacteria, viruses, algae, changes in pH, and accumulation of minerals, accumulated gas. The contamination can come from a variety of origins including piping, tank construction materials, animal and bird feces, mineral and gas intrusion.

A correctly designed water tank works to address and mitigate these negative effects. It is imperative that water tanks be cleaned annually to preclude the delivery of algae, bacteria, and viruses to people or animals.

A safety based news article indicated that rainwater was collected and stored in a plastic tank and that the tank did nothing to mitigate the low pH. The water was then brought into homes with copper piping, the copper was released by the high acid rainwater and caused poisoning in humans.

Since the plastic tank is an inert container, it has no effect on the incoming water. Good practice would be to analyze any water source periodically and treat accordingly, in this case, the collected acid rain should be analyzed, and pH adjusted before being brought into a domestic water supply system.

Regards

Hi,

Have you analysed result after adjusting threshold?

Can you share the amplification plot?

For mechanically dug wells, the well and filtered casing is cleaned with a brush, air blowing or sudden bursting techniques also used for well development.

Thank you. After some internet survey, I find that during drilling there is a pump to control the pressure of drilling mud , which is used for carry cuttings out of the hole. However, I do not know the setting pressure of the pump.