Water Transport - Science topic

While unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) are promising for renewable energy storage, their efficient operation requires simultaneous water management and gas transport, which is challenging from the standpoint of water management. Herein, a novel approach is introduced for examining the alignment hydrophilic pattern of a Ti porous transport l...

Background: Esmeraldas province has distinct agroecological zones with a natural rainfall gradient, with higher rainfall in the north-than-south. Hypotheses: Due to the high genetic variability in cocoa, clones from the south will be less affected by drought than those from the north. Plant material: Nine cocoa clones belonging to the National × Cr...

Hydrogel‐based solar interfacial evaporators, featuring various channels such as random, unidirectional, and radial array, are considered effective for seawater desalination owing to their porous structure, lower evaporation enthalpy, and controllable water transport capacity. However, each individual array structure has its own strengths and limit...

Macroscopic voids at the steel–concrete interface and their degree of saturation with an aqueous electrolyte are known to play an important role in the corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete. Irrespective of the exposure conditions and testing parameters, in the majority of studies corrosion products have been reported to consistently precipitat...

The gas flow field significantly impacts the output power of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A nonuniform design is developed in this study to optimize the arrangement of blocks in the flow field, thereby enhancing PEMFC output power. Numerical simulations indicate nonuniform block arrangements significantly enhancing mass transfer pe...

Accelerating water evaporation is vital for processes like photosynthesis, dehydration, and desalination. Optimizing the pore structure and interfacial properties of evaporative materials can reduce evaporation enthalpy and increase efficiency. However, integrating the evaporation interface with water transport channels poses significant design cha...

This study explores the impact of transportation infrastructure on development and accessibility in Ibadan's peripheral areas. As urban expansion continues, understanding how transportation systems influence daily commuting and development in these fringe areas is crucial. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative surve...

The erratic rainfall typical of the Mediterranean basin and the increasing frequency of droughts periods affect olive tree crops. Given the economic importance of such a crop and the large productive area, solutions are needed to maintain crop yield under decreasing water availability. In this work, we combine biochar and plant growth-promoting rhi...

The high selectivity and permeability of aquaporin proteins in water transport inspired the design of artificial water channels (AWCs). The water transport efficiency of both AQPs and AWCs is influenced by charged groups at the pore entrance. Here, we explored the mechanism of charge effects in pillar[5]arene AWCs using molecular dynamics (MD) simu...

Identifying drought indices that effectively predict future drought impacts remains a critical challenge in seasonal forecasting, as these indices provide the necessary actionable information that enables stakeholders to better anticipate and respond to drought-related challenges. This study evaluates how drought indices balance forecast skill and...

Talc, as an important class of clay minerals constituting subducting oceanic crust, has long been known to undergo interlayer expansion by ~6% to contain net ~13 wt.% water into the ‘so-called’ 10 Å phase. Although subduction fluid is mildly alkaline and includes various salts and other dissolved species, its effect on the stability of subducting m...

Significance This study provides the first direct evidence of water transport through the urothelium, traditionally considered impermeable. Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), we observe that the urothelium absorbs and expels water under varing concentrations of NaCl, challenging long-held views about its impermeability. The discovery that os...

The development of an integrated biomimetic membrane capable of rejecting both dyes and salts in a single step, while sustaining stable water permeation, presents a promising solution for textile wastewater treatment. Herein, we report a novel integrated biomimetic membrane integrating an I‐quartet artificial water channel (AWC) with sulfonic acid‐...

To alleviate the discomfort caused by excessive sweating, there is a growing emphasis on developing wearable textiles that can evacuate sweat autonomously. These advanced fabrics, unlike their absorbent and retention‐prone predecessors, harness the Janus structure—distinguished by its asymmetric wettability—to facilitate one‐way transport of liquid...

Introduction Wound dressings often fall short of providing the multifunctional capabilities required for optimal wound healing, such as promoting cell migration, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Decellularization of plant tissues has gained attention as a potential source of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications due to their favor...

The large-scale application of aromatic polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) membranes for reverse osmosis has provided an effective way to address worldwide water scarcity. However, the water permeability and salt rejection capabilities of the PA membrane remain limited. In this work, cyclic micropores based on crown ether were introduced into...

Leaf and cambium phenologies are both important aspects of tree environmental adaptation in temperate areas. Temperate tree species with non-porous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous woods diverge substantially in the strategy of coping with freezing-induced hydraulic dysfunction, which can be closely associated with the timing of both leaf phenology...

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the HYDRUS-1D model for predicting root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) and evapotranspiration (ET). It evaluates different soil hydrodynamic parameter (SHP) schemes—soil type-based, soil texture-based, and inverse solution—under varying cropping systems (Zea mays–Glycine max rotation and continuous Zea m...

The advancement of global warming and climate change requires strategic actions in understanding and seeking interactions between plant species and microorganisms that are more tolerant to water deficit. This research assessed the morpho-agronomic, physiological, and gene expression responses of two Passiflora cincinnata accessions (tolerant and se...

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main legume crop for direct human consumption worldwide. Among abiotic factors affecting common bean, drought is the most limiting. This study aimed at characterizing genetic variability and architecture of transpiration, stomatal regulation and whole plant water use within the Mesoamerican germplasm. A cr...

Introduction The Northwestern coast up to Marsa Matrouh city, Egypt. Relies on both surface water and seawater desalination. The north coast is served by five water production plants including (Burj Al Arab) water plant, (Al Alamein) water plant and three seawater desalination plants, in addition to water extracted from wells and rainwater collecti...

Using precast concrete pipes to develop sewage water transportation systems is important for keeping hygienic, safe, and sustainable urban environments. This study reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge of the manufacturing processes, materials, curing regimes, design philosophies, laboratory and field tests, and various standards for assessing the...

This paper takes the rural settlement heritage of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (Jiangsu section) as its research object. To analyse its spatial distribution characteristics, it employs a range of spatial analysis methods, including Average Nearest-Neighbour analysis, Kernel Density analysis, Distance analysis, and others. These methods are used to...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses, in which Ca²⁺ also plays a significant role. There is diversity in the regulation of different gene expressions by cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]cyt) and nucleosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]nuc). However, no studies have yet explored the interrelationship between lncRNAs and calc...

Trans-membrane water transport and co-transport is ubiquitous in cell biology. Integrated over all the cell’s H2O transporters and co-transporters, the rate of homeostatic, bidirectional trans-cytolemmal water “exchange” is synchronized with the metabolic rate of the crucial Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase (NKA) enzyme: the active trans-membrane water cycling (AWC)...

Weather systems that interact with one another can enhance coastal water transport, facilitating the movement of waterborne materials. In this study, we examine the influence of such weather interactions on water transport within a tidal pass along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, focusing on the event when Tropical Storm Lee (2011) made l...

Cell wall patterning is central to determining the shape and function of plant cells. Protoxylem and metaxylem vessel cells deposit banded and pitted cell walls, respectively, which enable their distinctive water transport capabilities. Here, we show that the pitted cell wall pattern in metaxylem vessels is specified by transcriptional control of a...

Slurry, containing a high water content, requires dewatering before subsequent utilization. This study proposes the combination of pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering (PEOD) technology and chemical treatment to improve dewatering performance significantly. Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the combined effect of both methods along w...

This study explores the subsurface water distribution near the surface throughout Mars, using a Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM). We coupled a regolith model that solves the equations of water transport, adsorption, and condensation in the regolith with our MGCM to investigate the effects of inhomogeneous regolith properties on the subsurface water...

Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dingtanensis (hereafter Z. planispinum) has excellent characteristics, including Ca and drought tolerance. It can flourish in stony soils, and it is used as a pioneer plant in karst rocky desertification control. However, soil degradation, coupled with the removal of nutrients absorbed from the soil by Z. planispinum’s...

Understanding water transport and circulation in coastal seas and transitional environments is among the key topics of oceanographic and climate research, as well as recognizing the role of the land-sea interface. The Danube Delta represents a natural laboratory for river-sea hydrodynamic modelling due to its complex morphology and being subjected...

Background Syringomyelia was a rare condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts (syrinx) within the spinal cord, resulting in sensory and motor dysfunction. Currently, there was no satisfactory treatment for syringomyelia. Ependymal cells were integral to water transport and may represent a promising therapeutic target. Methods...

The economic prosperity of Bangladesh is closely connected with the sustainable freight movement system. Currently, the freight transport of Bangladesh is mostly dependent on roadways resulting into traffic congestion. However, other countries with successful transportation network like China, USA and EU-27 are found to utilize their inland waterwa...

The economic prosperity of Bangladesh is closely connected with the sustainable freight movement system. Currently, the freight transport of Bangladesh is mostly dependent on roadways resulting into traffic congestion. However, other countries with successful transportation network like China, USA and EU-27 are found to utilize their inland waterwa...

This research aims to analyze the recovery strategy for water transportation modes after the KM Sinar Bangun tragedy. Lake Toba Harbor has weaknesses that have been identified through observation and primary data studies. Water transportation is a mode of transportation that uses water as its main route, such as rivers, lakes, seas, or canals, to t...

Aquaporin1 (AQP1) facilitates water transport. Its ability to be a biomarker at the pan-cancer level remains uninvestigated. We performed immunohistochemical staining on tissues from 370 individuals with kidney neoplasms to measure AQP1 expression. We utilized Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Chi-square tests, and multivariate Cox regression analyse...

Killing spores is an important challenge for the development of the food industry. After germination, the resistance of spores disappears and they are more easily killed, which is currently the main strategy for their destruction. Therefore, study of the mechanism of spore germination is of great significance for improving methods of spore inactiva...

This paper analyzes the development status and trends of the water transport industry in Zhejiang Province in detail, including port infrastructure and operation, ship transport, waterway infrastructure and operation and other aspects. Meanwhile, it summarizes the main achievements of low-carbon development in the water transport industry and discu...

Diapycnal mixing is recognized as a critical driving mechanism of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This study employs the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) to investigate the differential impacts of vertical mixing changes in the eastern and western boundaries of Atlantic on the AMOC. The results reveal that increased ve...

Recent changes in rainfall patterns driven by climate change, including localized heavy rainfall, droughts, and prolonged rainy seasons, have significantly impacted grapevine growth and quality. An analysis of rainfall patterns in South Korea from 1995 to 2024 revealed that 54.5–58.0% of the annual average precipitation of 1357 mm occurs during the...

This paper explores the transformative potential of AI-driven transportation in Lagos, Nigeria, a city grappling with severe traffic congestion, inadequate public transport, and deteriorating road infrastructure. By leveraging AI technologies, Lagos can enhance the efficiency of its transport system, reduce operational costs, and optimize mobility...

Aims Plant-plant interactions play a pivotal role in shaping community structure and regulating nutrient cycling through modulating both intra- and interspecific resource allocation. These interactions largely impact ecosystem services, particularly in the context of global climate change. To address this, our review synthesizes global research on...

Water is a key factor in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, since it is both a product and a reactant, and humidifies the membrane and the ionomer phase. To optimize the operation conditions preventing cathode drying and anode flooding, better knowledge on the water transport is needed. In this work, the water transport across an AemionTM membrane...

This paper presents a developed model for assessing the competitiveness of water transport enterprises, taking into account their specific characteristics. The model includes eight components: economic, social, material and technical, geographical, innovation and information support, organizational and management, environmental, and infrastructural...

Background/objectives: Ultraviolet-B (UVB) represents a major extrinsic factor in skin cancer development, causing cellular changes that are not yet fully understood. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that favor water transport and are involved in several pathways. Nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivate, is a safe molecule...

Many components of the Earth system feature self-reinforcing feedback processes that can potentially scale up a small initial change to a fundamental state change of the underlying system in a sometimes abrupt or irreversible manner beyond a critical threshold. Such tipping points can be found across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and...

Weeds negatively impact crop productivity, leading to the widespread use of synthetic herbicides for control. However, these substances adversely affect the environment and human health. Therefore, natural products are being explored as alternatives to synthetic herbicides due to their safer and more environmentally friendly nature. Phytochemicals,...

Pine needles are specialized leaves bearing distinctive anatomical features whose function is to minimize water loss. At the molecular level, needle specialization is expected to lead to heterogeneity in cell wall (CW) composition. By immunohistochemical analysis of CW epitopes in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) needles, we described the variability...

The North Brazil Current (NBC) rings are a key mechanism for interhemispheric water transport, facilitating the exchange between the South Atlantic Ocean and the North Atlantic. However, significant uncertainties persist regarding the total volume transported by these structures and the properties of the water masses they advect. In this study, we...

Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon commonly observed downstream of dams, serving to dissipate hydraulic energy or in water transport channels to raise the level of the watercourse. It is characterized by a rapid transition from a supercritical flow state to a subcritical state, leading to considerable energy dissipation. This paper aims to study and an...

Scrub mangrove forests, dominated by Rhizophora mangle L., are characterized by high porewater salinity, which might compromise individual sap flow rates (SF) due to seasonal and diurnal microenvironmental variations. We tested the functional, anatomical, and SF responses of 12 individuals to microenvironmental variables such as solar radiation, ph...

Plant cells control their volume by regulating the osmotic potential of their cytoplasm and vacuole. Water is attracted into the cell as the result of a cascade of solute exchanges between the cell subcompartments and the cell surroundings, which are governed by chemical, electrostatic and mechanical forces. Due to this multi-physics aspect and to...

This study examines the mechanisms of water transport between the Tigris River and the Mesopotamian Marshlands using an isotope mass balance (IMB) approach. The research, spanning June 2007 to August 2008, analyzes δ18O, δD, and water temperature data to assess changes in hydrological dynamics. Human intervention has significantly altered river flo...

This study investigates the dynamics of moisture transport in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood and sapwood, under alternating drying and wetting cycles, incorporating interactions between bound water, free water, and water vapor using a multi-phase model. Cylindrical specimens oriented longitudinally, radially, and tangentially were subje...

This study examines the hydrodynamic response of the Gulf of Arauco, a semi-enclosed bay within the Humboldt Current System, to the passage of extratropical cyclones and their associated changes in wind patterns during the austral winter. Characterization of these cyclones over central Chile and their effect on the gulf's meridional wind was conduc...

Background: Optimizing the allocation of sentinel surveillance sites, particularly aiming early pathogen detection, remains a persistent challenge. Equally critical is ensuring the inclusion of vulnerable and often underserved populations as targets when prioritizing surveillance sites. Objective: This study assesses the current coverage of the res...

Combining interfacial solar steam evaporation with power generation to produce freshwater and electricity is an effective approach to alleviating freshwater scarcity and energy crises. However, constructing low‐cost, efficient integrated evaporator‐generator devices remains challenging, and the synergistic mechanism underlying evaporation‐power co‐...

Key message Urban trees can acclimate to their growth environment through changes in vessel anatomy. Vessel lumen area and vessel frequency following a gradient from park trees to inner-city street trees. Abstract Urban trees stand in potentially stressful growth environments occurring along gradients of urban heat and impermeable surface cover an...

Solar‐driven interface evaporation is recognized as an efficient and energy‐saving strategy to address the global freshwater crisis. However, challenges such as salt crystallization and high energy loss of the evaporators seriously hinder their practical application. In this study, inspired by natural scallion structure, a 3D layered curled cylindr...

Utilizing ubiquitous fog to engineer a dual‐function device that integrates fog harvesting and hydro‐to‐electricity conversion, thereby overcoming geographical and hydrological constraints, provides an opportunity to promote sustainable freshwater and electricity supply. However, inefficiency remains the key challenge to the advancement of fog ener...

For gas reservoirs with edge water, water easily transport into the gas reservoir along the water invasion dominant channel, which results that the water production is higher than expected during the development of gas wells, and then affects the production of gas wells. We had derived a water invasion unit numerical simulation model of oil–water t...

Water and energy are essential requirements for mineral processing plants, and they can be either scarce or expensive. In the present paper, the implications of a remote water source location (typically the seashore) are analyzed in terms of a definition for the combined water and energy operational cost required to transport ore concentrate using...

Gallium‐based liquid metals hold promises for applications in stretchable electronics and beyond. However, these materials often encounter notable resistance increases during stretching and have negligible permeability to gases and liquids. This study presents an in situ structural transformation mechanism to create stretchable and permeable liquid...

The reform of education and teaching in colleges and universities is an important content in the medium and long term education reform of the country, and transport, as the bloodline of modern society, is the basic guarantee for the normal development of the society and the economy, and its corresponding teaching of the relevant professions needs t...

Solar steam generation (SSG) offers a cost-effective solution for producing clean water by utilizing solar energy. However, integrating effective thermal management and water transportation to develop high-efficiency solar evaporators remains a significant challenge. Here, inspired by the hierarchical structure of the stem of bird of paradise, a th...

ORF3a, the most abundantly expressed accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2, plays an essential role in virus egress by inactivating lysosomes through their deacidification. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. While seminal studies suggested ORF3a being a cation-selective channel (i.e., viroporin), recent works disproved this c...

The HubIS project, through a participatory approach with stakeholders, identified the need to assess the hydraulic and energy performance of the Lucefecit Collective Irrigation System (LCIS) for co-designed future scenarios. With this aim, a tool was developed integrating on-farm demand driven water transport and distribution with energy use. The t...

Plain Language Summary Ocean circulation changes with the seasons, and these changes are largely influenced by the shape of the seafloor. This happens because waves, called topographic Rossby waves, travel along pathways that are strongly influenced by bathymetry and carry information about pressure changes. Pressure signals carried by these waves...

The success of logistic operations consists in ensuring the synchronisation of material flows thanks to the coordination of processes and the use of resources in the company and the supply chain. Consequently, this ensures the availability of goods in the place and time the customer expects. A critical dimension of logistics management success is t...

According to Ayurveda, "Srotas" are passageways that help materials move throughout the body. These passageways are necessary for carrying nutrients, waste products, and other key components that keep physiological functions functioning Udakavaha Srotas specifically manages water transportation and regulation, playing a crucial role in hydration an...

The present work provides a modeling framework to capture the complex multi-physics electro-chemical-hydro-mechanical processes in membranes of multilayer Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) cells. It relies on the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) to establish a continuum-based framework suitable for efficient simulation of the coupled...

The degradation of wall paintings in the Mogao Grottoes, China, is primarily caused by the migration of water and salt in the surrounding rock (SR), with water being the key influencing factor. However, it remains unclear whether the movement of earth‐air, driven by the air pressure difference (APD) between the air inside the SR and the external at...

The ascent of water in tall trees has fascinated scientists for over 130 years. However, the microscopic state and dynamic behavior of water within natural and undisturbed trees remain unknown. Here, we employ low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the distribution and movement of water within a living tree in situ, uncovering a coun...

The asymmetric wettability of Janus membranes shows promising prospects in the field of liquid transport and separation, and researchers are seeking environmentally friendly and cost-effective feedstock for fabricating these membranes. In this study, we developed two types of high-performance, flexible, and durable asymmetric Janus membranes from w...

A comparative study of two grapevine rootstocks with contrasting drought stress responses revealed that the drought-resilient RUG harbors an efficient antioxidant defense system, characterized by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT), along with elevated proline (Pro) levels compared to...

The entrainment of gangue particles always increases the ash content of coal flotation concentrate. In the present work, the adjustment for entrainment of kaolinite in coal flotation was studied focusing on the parameters including solid concentration and frother dosage. The results indicated that the ash contents of concentrates were always higher...

Photoinduced transmembrane ion transport in organisms provides a distinctive perspective for exploiting the ocean enriched with both ions and solar energy. Artificial two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes for photothermal-driven ion transport are facing issues such as interrupted nanofluidic transport and much dissipated heat. Peristome surface of...