Water Technology - Science topic

In your opinion, which programming language would you suggest as the best choice for researchers specializing in hydrology and water resources?

Dear colleagues,

I would like to inquire about the latest advancements in technology for monitoring hyporheic flow. I am interested in any methods, whether data-driven, numerical, or analytical, that can be used to directly or indirectly monitor and assess hyporheic flow.

Thank you 🥹🥹

I am currently synthesizing membranes for drinking water treatment and would like to use non-toxic solvents such as or better than Ethyl lactate. If you have done any research in this field or you know of any compound that I can use, kindly provide me with that information. 

I am looking for collaborations in environmental sciences. Especially in Water technologies (Water quality, Water treatment, Water management....)

For example: Iran falls within the Middle East arid zone, with some 13% of the country receiving less than 100 mm mean annual rainfall, an additional 61% receiving less than 250 mm and only 9% receiving more than 500 mm.

Do I use direct solar radiation during a day or global solar radiation during a day.

help me please 

thanks advance 

As per the latest research, Microsoft finds underwater data centers are reliable, practical and use energy sustainably so how can we enable IoT with LoRa technology in the underwater data center for making those data center more efficient ?

Plotting specific conductance versus total dissolved solids (TDS) from measured water quality data from water wells in the Hill Country region of Texas, United States, yields two distinct trends (Figure 1). This presents a problem when estimating TDS in this region, either from measuring specific conductance from water samples, or from calculating formation water resistivity from geophysical well logs. The two trends were visually isolated (Figures 2 and 3) for comparison of chemical, spatial, and formational patterns between the two. Analysis of the two trends reveals the water for each is identical in terms of major and common minor constituents (Figure 4), the two trends occur in all formations of the Trinity aquifer system, and there is no overall regional pattern of one trend vs the other, though the trends locally cluster (Figure 5, example from the Upper Glen Rose Formation). Water of both trends are dominated by Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-SO4, and as TDS increases, calcium-magnesium-sulfate becomes the dominant water type, with up to 94% of the total milliequivalents per liter comprised of Ca-Mg-SO4.

Initial thoughts were the difference in the trends could be explained by ion complexing in some areas but not others, perhaps catalyzed by subtle geochemical constituents in the subsurface, or Eh-pH conditions (there is no significant difference in pH between the two trends). But current thoughts are that ion complexing cannot explain a nearly 50% reduction in specific conductivity from the lower trend to the upper trend (given the same TDS value), which would require nearly 50% of the ions to form complexes. Other hypothesis is the difference between the two trends could be due to bias in sampling and analysis. Perhaps for the upper trend nearly 50% of the Ca-Mg-SO4 precipitates as solid CaSO4 and MgSO4 when sampled and specific conductance is measured (measuring a low specific conductance relative to the weight of constituents in the water), whereas the sample is then mixed at the laboratory and the precipitate is re-dissolved before analyzing the concentration of constituents. This is only a conjecture. I am not a geochemist and I have rudimentary knowledge of water sampling procedures – my background is primarily geologic mapping and structural geology.

Points of discussion regarding this are:

· What are the potential explanations for two significantly different trends of TDS versus specific conductance for otherwise identical water types? Keep in mind the water types in this case are dominantly Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-SO4 (the latter dominating at higher TDS)

· Could ion complexing be responsible, or is the magnitude of decreased specific conductance demonstrated above too great?

· Do you know of any other studies where two trends of TDS versus specific conductance has been examined for a region, or other relevant publications?

· Which of the two trends are more likely to occur in the subsurface? Or is it likely they both occur locally in the subsurface? (Our goal is to estimate TDS from resistivity logs; thus, we need a single, reliable TDS vs specific conductance trend)

· Are you familiar with collecting, sampling, and analyzing water samples, and have some insight into whether the specific conductance could measure relatively very low for a given quality or water?

A copy of the data is attached (there are two tabs, one for each trend). Thank you for considering this problem!

Evan Strickland, P.G. | Geoscientist

Texas Water Development Board

Innovative Water Technologies | BRACS team

512-463-6929 | evan.strickland@twdb.texas.gov

If i am using the demineralized water with the PH of the 5 to 6 & conductivity of 100-150 μs/cm to clean the aluminum alloy, can it cause a corrosion to aluminum?

Hi, I currently work for Innoscripta, a company based in Germany. We are constantly searching for innovation projects to build up a research grant. Our role is to tie up this innovative projects with small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) who can adapt these innovation ideas.

We are looking for English-speaking junior professors in need of getting a full professorship or doctoral researchers in Germany in need of constant funding. We are looking for innovative ideas under the following sectors: sensors, machine building, automation, robotics, food & beverage, construction (e.g. new type of concrete), water technology, renewable energy ideas, everything which can turn into a quick profit, software topics together with hardware (digitalization is a huge topic in Germany).

I am particularly looking to tap these individuals so it will be helpful to have a link on groups/ discussions/ pages on where I can join and send my proposals for collaboration with them. Looking forward to all your help!

I would like to ask and discuss.

Have anyone done research on the biogas production with additional of treatment using subcritical water technology? I have difficulties and confusion, as when I did preliminary experiments towards the treated and untreated material, according to hyphothesis should be the treated material produced the highest biogas production. However, the actual results were the opposite.

Did anyone encounter this type of findings?

Thank you.

I have treated my highly contaminated water to make it soft but although i managed to make it soft water, the TDS is still the same as i used Cations Exchange Method.

So, Is there any method to reduce the TDS of the contaminated water?

Suggestions would be highly appreciable!

I read in a paper that says: Dating ancient water technologies often difficult and published ages are often imprecise.

Why it is difficult to date?

Hello everybody, I have been overwhelmed by the responses I have had to the Process Stress in Wastewater Treatment Survey. This is the last time I will be posting the survey before it closes. So please, if you can spare 10 min to fill in the survey it would be greatly appreciated. Thank you again for your support!

The idea is to remove organics from seawater to reduce fouling problems or remove organics from treated wastewater to improve reuse applications.

I must compare solar still with different material that finds the cheapest option to propose in an industry case of curse my be have to use the expensive material . one of the important section is the choice of top cover it must be transparent, resistant and cheap as possible as .plexi glass and polycarbonate are proper but its expensive. please guide me to choice proper cover. 

Looking for any recent research or innovations on the water treatment. Work with poor communities in rural Africa and most current treatment systems are very expensive for the community. Would there be any appropriate technology solutions? Recently drilled two boreholes near Lake Turkana with good yield but water is too salty for drinking and farming as well. Also ideas of how to use this water would be welcomed.

Waste heat source includes industrial/ institutional/commercial waste heat. How much heat (in kW) that you get as an average throughout the day.  What is quantity of water input that you feed for desalinatio

i am making a prototype for RO desalination system and want to know the least pressure for effective freshh water production, and at that pressure what is the flow rate per unit area of the membrane?

and if you can give further articles or papers.

The main drawback of the Forward osmosis (FO) desalination system is the lack of efficient draw solution recovery process.

How does the recovery unit take out the draw solution from the potable water?

Our lab has Perkin Elmer LS 55. I am going to use it for characterizing DOM in surface water. My questions are:

1. Does this instrument can record data in ratio mode accounting for differences in lamp intensity at different excitation wavelengths?

2. How to know the spectral correction factors from the instrument?

Thanks for sharing your opinion.

Produced water is the water in the same formations of oil and gas, that has been brought up to the surface with the hydrocarbons. I try to find a standard method for making synthetic produced water that could imitate similarly to that offshore. I was wondering if there is any specification on synthetic produced water and does its characteristic differs for every region? 

The automated drinking water treatment plants use an automatic coagulation control system to define the required chemical dose without manual intervention (Jar testing).

However, the control system might be based on different models. The dose might be defined as per the raw water quality, the surface charge of the floc or the treated water quality.

Could you please advise what is the common engineering practice for the chemical control doses and what is the recommended model for high raw water algae loads.

Equations

Previous studies

Am interested in optimizing neutralization during water treatment when using polyaluminum chloride. I need to understand the charge density of the raw water so that I can make the right specification of a polyaluminum chloride with a higher charge density. The challenge I have is how to determine charge densities of the raw water and that of the polyaluminum chloride. Is there someone who has experience in these issues?

I am going to plan a work on salinity screening in pot, Can i use a sea water for treatments?

What are the materials used, its processes, and the demand of the methods in present time? It would be really helpful if you would include a link or a website as reference. Thank you! :)

I am looking at using EDR for seawater desalination application. However, I found that RO technology has been used in most of the case. I wonder whether OPEX of EDR higher than RO is the main reason or it is because the maturity of the EDR technology in seawater industry? I appreciate if there is any literature/study that can be shared.

Dear Colleagues

In case that the salinity of oilfield or brackish water is high, a possible method is blending the treated flow with high saline feed water (to dilute the input salinity). Is there any other more intelligent process available? - Any data or experience about / with High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO)?

Thank you in advance!

Ruediger

Can anyone suggest some media filter for building greywater treatment and is there some new technology for it?

Test Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication SW–846 and EPA, 40 CFR, Part 261 is widely used, not only in the US.

The associated parameter list is the so-called D-list aka D-codes which includes 43 single parameters but next to many others, what you commonly can re-calculate from the US Drinking Water Ordinance "CYANIDES" are missing.

Any idea, why such a vital parameter was not listed?

Thank you and Glück Auf!

Dr. Rüdiger B. Richter

There is question in chapter 7 of book" Wastewater Engineering, 2014"

In Eq 7-61 it is mentioned that COD equivalent of cell debris is considered in "Px,bio". But in Eq. 7-25 only net rate of biomass growth ("rx") is considered in the equation. It is logical that the Eq 7-25 be modified to (rsu -1.42(rx+rx,i)) in which the rate of cell debris is regarded. What is your opinion?

I have to be sure, If we have a wastewater with zero BOD,can we treat that with biological ways? using microorganisms? 

I am using a strainer to pre-treat Lake water for a UF membrane system. We performed Particle size distribution analysis on the Feed, Filtrate, Backwash water. Our data showed that the number of particle count after the strainer is higher than the feed (before strainer).

Dear Colleagues, 

I am looking for papers (only web-links) explaining how to prepare an aqueous solution of fully dispersed powdered activated carbon (PAC), even if fictionalization of PAC is required. 

Regards,

This could be either an elevated or a ground level water storage tank . Thanks very much!

Most atmospheric water-vapour harvesting methods, which I found so far, are based on the principle of dew formation. Triggering adsorption by moving air passed an hydrophobic / hydrophilic object (e.g. foil) which is cooled below dew point.

Are there any projects known/research done where a desiccant-fibre (e.g. Wool, Cotton, Polymers) absorbs atmospheric water-vapour in hydroxyl groups and/or amorphous areas when being exposed to air?

The harvesting happens in a second step when increased energy ‘breaks’ the water away from the desiccant. So far, I know only of one company (www.aquasciences.com) which is using this principle, charging a salt.

Manufactured caustic usually contains chloride ranging as high as hundreds of ppm chloride. There is an existing process for reducing chloride to less than 10 ppm. We are considering developing  a new process to reduce chloride to less than 1 ppm. Which processes can you identify that need less than 1 ppm chloride?

As we know, to prevent air pollution (like Total Suspended Particulate) on a construction site or concrete mixing batching plant, we usually use water and no further water treatment from used water (especially in my country). I want to know what is contained in that water and what method I should use to determine water quality.

So, if your country has better technology to prevent air pollution than use water and technology to treat used water from construction site, kindly tell me.

Thank you.

Present SVI= 120 ml/gm; required SVI= 80 ml/gm

What are the test methods for determining Residual Chlorine and Residual Ozone in water ?

The different scopes of upgradation for an SSF / RSF based water treatment plants needs to be explored to ensure supply of safe drinking water. Upgradation of a water treatment plant might be necessary due to many reasons as follows:

(i) Expiry of the design period.

(ii) Increase of coverage area resulting in increase in demand.

(iii) Population increase

(iv) Changes in raw water qualities

(v) Changes in scopes / natures of treatment etc.

So what are the practical scopes for this purpose? What are the scopes of dual media filtration in this regard?

Nutrient removal

I measured the protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS) of surface water for drinking water analysis. But as we all know, the concentration of PN & PS are too low to be detected. Therefore, I want to use lyophilization to concentrate the water samples. However, I can not find any papers talking about using this concentrating method. I am just wondering if anyone has any experience with lyophilization or water sample concentrating. Is lyophilization a feasible method to concentrate water samples.

I need a smaller flow rate less than 10 ml per minute.

We collected the waste water sample from a sewage channel. The BOD/COD ratio of the sample is in the range of 0.009 to 0.02. What may be the reason for a very low BOD/COD ratio? How can we connect this BOD/COD ratio with biodegradability?

Sodium borohydride is a versatile reducing agent. Is it safe to use in water treatment processes, considering the possible byproducts such as boric acid, Hydrogen gas etc.,