Waste Treatment - Science topic

Les géopolymères offrent plusieurs propriétés intéressantes qui peuvent être exploitées dans diverses applications innovantes :

1. Construction durable :

- Bétons à faible empreinte carbone

- Matériaux de construction résistants au feu et aux produits chimiques

2. Traitement des déchets :

- Encapsulation de déchets toxiques ou radioactifs

- Valorisation de cendres volantes et autres sous-produits industriels

3. Aérospatiale :

- Matériaux composites légers et résistants pour l'aviation

- Revêtements protecteurs pour engins spatiaux

4. Énergie :

- Composants pour piles à combustible

- Matériaux de stockage d'énergie thermique

5. Restauration du patrimoine :

- Réparation et consolidation de structures anciennes

6. Industrie :

- Revêtements anti-corrosion pour équipements industriels

- Filtres et membranes pour le traitement de l'eau

7. Impression 3D :

- Nouveaux matériaux pour l'impression 3D à grande échelle

8. Médecine :

- Biomatériaux pour implants et régénération osseuse

Ces applications tirent parti des propriétés uniques des géopolymères telles que leur résistance mécanique, leur durabilité chimique, leur stabilité thermique et leur faible impact environnemental.

Quelles autres applications peut on imaginer

In 'life cycle' under product stages we can give 'waste disposal' process,how does this impact the result?

And under product stage there is also option to make 'waste treatment' stage.So how to analyze this or use it in the impact assessment?

I am working on medical waste treatment problems&solutions, and I need preferably a technical overview of the various equipment used in healthcare waste management (combustion, autoclaving, shredding).

Can anyone suggest a textbook or article where I can find that?

Sugarcane filter cake is one of the sugar industry waste which produce in a large quantities and has a potency to process as a biomass. What is the future idea for the utilization of sugarcane filter cake in industry?

Material recycling is of high relevance for LCA of Waste management systems. Lately, the material "upcycling" term has been voiced by a variety of stakeholders. How do you deal with it while modeling your e.g. MSW management system?

The traditional construction of a composite indicator is generally based on Factor analysis or Principle Component Analysis. These two methods require that individual indicators are supposed to be correlated to each other to some extent (e.g., factors in the correlation matrix are larger than 0.5). This precondition could guarantee that these individual indicators describe a similar phenomenon.

However, in my case, there are 5 individual indicators representing waste treatment behavior from different perspectives (e.g., sewage treatment methods, domestic waste treatment, agricultural production waste treatment....). These indicators are less correlated to each other, which cannot satisfy the requirement for the application of FA or PCA(cannot pass KMO test). Based on this, what should I do if I want to use one composite indicator to capture treatment behavior?

By the way, these 5 individual indicators are valued by 1,2,3, and 4. The larger the number, the more environmentally friendly the treatment method is. Do you think it is feasible if I calculate the sum of these 5 indicators directly?

There is a remarkable rise in the size of affluent middle class in developing countries like India. This means consumption and the resulting plastic waste generation are also increasing at a high pace. Unfortunately, more often than not, I see that the municipality infrastructure for waste collection and disposal has not kept up with the pace. I am wondering if there are already applied practical solutions for waste treatment at homes which do not have to rely on government infrastructure, for eg: small incinerators for homes. I am curious to hear other perspectives on this.

I am trying to calculate carbon footprint of a 1km Cable, but cant find emission factor for lubricant i kinda need its GWP emission factor as raw material and GWP emission factor as its average waste treatment !

I read an article regarding electrocoagulation of restaurant wastewater, and doesn't say anything about the condition of the wastewater before undergoing the treatment, so is it safe to say that temperature has no effect on the process? And is it also safe to assume that the process is at standard conditions?

I'm not sure the steps to treat wastewater containing mixture of alcohol solvent, oils and glycerol. do we neet to separate before further treatment.

Nitrogenous compounds are very common in wastes, both in liquid and solid wastes from the industries. These also have an adverse effect on the environment. In the case of nitrogenous compounds contaminated wastes treatment, there are several methods used worldwide. One of them is the Land Application Technique.

In this process, wastewater stabilization ponds and lagooning techniques are used. My question is, How much effective the land application technique is, compared to physio-chemical and biological methods?

Why would one choose this process say, over an MBR process. In a vacuum, how would you justify selecting a UCT process over another? Thanks!

I have seen the enormous slurry test site at Deltares and heard people about the test which will be run with it. Waste water sytems in the Netherlands become more slurry like through uncoupling rain/stormwater systems. I am curious if there are new recommendations for minimal and maximal speed for waste water fluid streams, if the become more slutty like. Are there more aspects, on which we as developers of waste water pumps and systems, should be aware of?

Sorry, not research related but people on here are helpful.

My current flow sheet is linked above. I am open to any critique or advice as it is all helpful. I am currently working on the distillation columns at which point I will proceed to economics and selection of equipment. But my question actually regards the ammonia in my system. Excess ammonia is fed in two different cases to support two different distributions of MEA/DEA/TEA in the product stream where the equipment must remain the same (AKA same plant) but the operating conditions can be altered to support multiple distributions. I recycled the ammonia due to excess and the presented cost of waste treatment but I began considering a scrubber instead. I modeled a radfrac column as a scrubber with water and it worked but required too much water.

QUESTION:

Looking at this link: http://www.gcesystems.com/ammoniascrubber/

I discovered their method was to scrub it the same way essentially but with a 97% sulfuric acid solution which neutralized with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate (marketable). I was appealed to the idea of this since the process used so much excess ammonia and I was uncomfortable with the idea of re-condensing after the flash to feed-stock conditions. I am unsure of how to model the mass transfer limited rate of reaction considering it is a gas reacting with a liquid and the reaction is essentially instantaneous.

My other idea is to keep the recycle stream and instead react the condensed purge stream with sulfuric acid and not have to worry about modeling the mass transfer. This could also be appealing if I am making too much ammonium sulfate by scrubbing all of the ammonia and not recycling it, and my professor dings me for not being able to sell it. I am still unsure of how to find the kinetic parameters for the reaction though.

As I am trying to capture CO2 by bio-filtration process so I ran into a few problems. I was thinking perhaps you are able to help me with them.

Designing of tanks for dye waste treatment plant.Dye waste treatment plant consists of two tanks, equalising and Neutralizing tanks.

Dye waste from different industries consists of different chemicals which will affect the concrete directly.

It is possible to construct treatment plant without any equalising tank?

Waste that from industry can directly fed to Neutralizing tank and then to other treatment process?

I am confused between plasma arc and plasma jet. Are they same thing?

I am interested in Plasma Waste Treatment Technology using plasma torches.

How I can study the growth curve of the algal biomass in the water sample collected from natural water bodies or from oxidation pond of waste treatment plant while the algal species are unknown?

Dear all,

I read from the new version of TIMES document (Part II Refernece manual) that

An inter-period storage process is able to store energy or material over periods. For example, a coal stockpile or a waste disposal site can be modeled as an inter-period storage.

and

Modeling of methane emissions from landfilling in a dynamic way by using first-order decay functions for the gradual waste decomposition (optionally with different rates of decay for different waste qualities);

Actually, I'm trying to introduce the landfilling process into my VEDA-TIMES model, but I found that there was no clear example that can be refered to. So could anyone share their experiences in solving this problem or is there any example in such field? Thank you all in advance~

Best wishes!

Xin WANG

I have read articles about using flotation to separate a variety of materials, and of course, the majority application of this tech is used in mining. However, I can only find quite a limited number of papers talking about using flotation to harvest cells or microbes, such as E.coli, and most of those papers are quite old (around 1960 to 1970s). I don't know why people nowadays don't talk about its application in microbe separation like other methods, such as ultrafiltration and centrifugation. Is there any critical fact that I missed kicking this method out from the industry of microbe separation, or could it because this method is so classic that people don't waste a word to talk about it? 

I need to have the investment costs, operation and maintenance costs of a dark fermantative hydrogen production plant from waterwaste and solid waste

thank you

about methods of wastewater treatment

I am designing a process based in a solid catalyst (a 40 um -sized powder) to perform a liquid-phase reaction. At the end, a slurry is obtained, from which catalyst must be separated to be reused.

Does anyone know which is the preferred way to acomplish this at the industrial level? Is the slurry taken out of the reactor and filtrated in a dedicated equipment? or is there an established procedure to do it inside the reactor, this is, with no need for additional equipment (i.e. filter)? I have not found any precise literature examples so far.

Hello, 

I am currently working on a research about the different types of solid waste produced from meat working/finishing industries. I am looking to calculate the cost of disposing the wastewater sludge ( Classification number 190205 ,according to AVV Standard). Is there any reasearch done on the costs,can anyone help me in finding out the cost required to dispose per tonne of wastewater sludge to an external disposal company?

We need to make the determination of Lower Calorific Power to samples of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, with the objective of its valorization.

I am involved with the removal of oil and water from solids (drilled formation cuttings) and the recovery of the oil phase for reuse. Thermal plants are capable of this, but too often the separated oil carries over detrimental quantities of ultra-fine solids. I am seeking technologies that at least provide a clean (solids-free) oil. Or alternatively wanting to identify a practical method of removing the ultra-fine solids from the processed solids. 

Industrial and engineering brick manufacturing by mixing certain ratios of wastewater treatment plant sludge + clay.

Is this viable? Has anyone done this?

just to know more about hydrothermal treatment for produced water, drilling water, completion waste and waste water

I am planning to buy an ozone generator for lab use. If I could get the website and pricing that would be very helpful.

Hi 

Your work is very interesting, I'm just curious as to whether the effluent stream from pulp and paper mills which contain lignocellulosic biomass is being investigated as an option for an AD biorefinery? 

Regards

Charlotte Wessels

I am intrested in knowing COD/BOD reduction in primary treatment of paper mill effluent. The mill effluent contains very high TSS, mainly contributed from deinking process.  If anyone has experience or case study.

I have gone through many research papers regarding composting and have observed that the reduction in heavy metal concentration is seen with an effective percentage but I have a doubt because a coworker of mine suggested that there is no reduction an the heavy metal concentration and they only transform from one form to other. The total quantity remains the same. These are two contradictory statements. I would appreciate if some light will be thrown on this issue.

I'm using 2o-litre plastic containers as airtight reactors and 5 litres of cowdung slurry as inoculum. 

I'm using Carbon electrode for both anode and cathode to treat stabilize landfill leachate for removal of COD. If i want to calculate operation cost  do i need to measure weight of electrodes before and after EC treatment, because only electrical energy and electrode consumption will be accounted. electricity will account kwh/kg COD removed and electrode consumption in kg. anyone can provide details regarding this issue. thanks in advance!

(in digestion of wastewater treatment plants sludge)

 thanks in advance.

Between mechanical, thermal, Chemical, irradiational and Biological technology, which is more effective in the treatment of medical waste: I will be sincerely greatful if reasons are added to ease my selection method.

do you think that adding a carbon additives in to the EGSB will enhance the activity of the reactor and eventually increase the biogas production?

Coke generated in any refinery has few properties and based on that it is utilized further.

One of the properties is HGI which is easily predicted, but other property BWI takes some time and as per requirement basis.

Is it possible to relate a corelation between HGI of Coke Vs BWI of coke?

Any source or available literature will surely help in this matter.

Hello,

I'm looking for a feasible industrial application to treat DENIM effluent and remove dyes (indigo and black sulfur).

Biological treatment are not good for vat days removal...

Many Advanced Oxidation Processes are able to remove recalcitrant dyes but they are too much expensive...

Any idea? any experience in full-scale application? 

thanks!!

Dear All,

Could any one help me and tell me how can I get a Boric acid waste in the UK, please?

It is a type of radioactive waste.

Many Thanks,

Manar

I am studying the pyrolysis of food waste in Macau. I need the data of  the percentage of fly ash against the food waste being incinerated in direct incineration? The food wastes are collected from restaurant, food stalls food centers. 

In recent years, becoming a popular new organic fertilizer, which is obtained as a product of anaerobic treatment (fermentation) of various wastes. In various countries it is called differently -effluent, digestate... I am interested in information about the efficiency of this fertilizers for different cultures.

Is there any feasible method to assess and gauge the odorous gases that are emitted from the sewage or waste water treatment plants? 

I am collecting information about copper refineries in the world and the different costs they have, as well as the efficiency of their processes and regulation of greenhouse gas emissions.

I have gone through many methods for Leachate Treatment, However i am more interested in a the treatment of Leachate Generated at a Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal facility

Would anyone please suggest deinking methods for recycled papers??

Thank you very much for your advice

Since the concept of integrated waste management (IWM) highlights that waste management systems are comprised of interconnected functions  Waste management systems depend on the successful interaction and integration of a diverse range of activities, processes, equipment, and people. Many times when changes are made, they are added to an existing waste management system in a “bolt-on” approach This approach will often create additional costs resulting in greater environmental burdens and inefficiencies even if the materials are being processed in a more environmentally-friendly manner. Using an IWM a new system can be formed which considers all of the elements of the system and the interrelations between them.

In the middle of last century, the disposal of solid waste in sanitary landfills had no form of legislation to regulate the way in which it occurred. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, most first world countries implemented legal measures and these landfills began to be sealed. However, most of the damage was already done, particularly at the level of soil and groundwater contamination. In this partucularly situation, the main problems are the registration of alkaline pH level, high conductivity, high concentration of chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates and aluminum. How to fix this situation or reverse this trend??

 we are using a pot with a capacity which is put in cold water, so that flower streams are turned into liquid. We Heat the copper pot for rosewater production.The waste collected at the bottom of the pot, which is called “bongol”, is used to feed livestock and is also dried to be used as fuel in winter or as fertilizer for gardens. and too much water remains. how can I reuse this water and not waste it?

I'm currently working on the activated carbon production from industrial waste (petcoke from refinery) via carbon dioxide activation at high temperature (> 800oC) for 1hr. I've realized that upon activation process, the petcoke (powder form) is hardened.

What could be the reason and is there any good technique that can be applied to convert petcoke via CO2 (physical) activation? Through literatures, current work focuses on petcoke conversion via KOH activation.

Thanks.

I have agro wastes in lab which has to be converted to biochar. I am seeking advice on how to successfully carry out pyrolysis at 650 degree C in a muffle furnace. I am using Alumina crucible with alumina lid for charring the plant material. What are some ways by which small amount of oxygen which may enter inside the crucible can be avoided to enter inside?

Stedman had a design that took the solids off ahead of digestion and converted the removed solids to a fuel source. I liked this process as it pulled out a lot of material, which if it had gone through bacterial digestion, would have been converted into solution which is more difficult to control. Is anyone working along these lines? I ask because a lot of the pharmaceuticals are broken into more toxic daughter products either by bacterial digestion or later oxidative processes, and many are mitochondrial toxins (MT). Thus using the effluent as an irrigation source or drinking water augmentation sees these MTs bioaccumulating in irrigated crops or being chronically delivered with drinking water.  Thanks------------Edo

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am using immersion heater and it has specs(3kw 418v)and it does have thermostat which can be controled temperature from 30 to 110 degree.

I am using this heater to typical drum (200 ltrs steel drum), the drum containes waste cooking oil (solid state). As you can see the dirty drawing( sorry about my hand drawing), most of oil melted but some of oil is still in solid state.

I calculated that the oil should have completely melt in 3hours at 15degree (atmospheric pressure) but even after 7 hours, still in same state like the hand drawing.I set the temperature of heater @ 80degree, thus the heater turned off at 75~76degree( its what the manufacturer says) automatically.

Does anyone can let me know the solution of even the reason for this..

Please let me know sirs..

best regards,

Kim

I have an experiment using IR where jet fuel is heated up to different temperature and analyzed with FTIR. My question is, what kind of chemicals you can use to kill the jet fuel effluent off the FTIR? I'm picturing flowing the effluent out of the IR through a bubbler than contains some kind of a liquid to scrub off the jet fuel.

I want to measure the dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in water sample. Anybody know any institutes or laboratories that provide these services for outside samples.

Thank you in advance

Dear folks,

I'm working on building a bench scale reactor and I would need your help with a matter. For this reactor I would like to use a pump able to pump a slurry containing particles that might be a little bit sticky. The slurry I want to pump in will be a mixture of food waste, sewage sludge and crop waste grind and diluted together with water so the final solid concentration will be about 80-90 g/L. The flow that I'm envisaging to use will be between 3 to 6 L/d.

Do you have any suggestion regarding this aspect?

Thank you very much.

The incineration plant treat the mixed municipal waste and food waste (including wet market waste and restaurant waste).

i am phD student , i want to find  the best change in design of conventional bio-scrubber to reach to high efficiency for removal volatile organic carbon  (VOC)  emitted from oil refinery

I am a WASH and urban development specialist living and working in East Africa. I am attempting to scope out “temporary” solutions to sanitation and waste challenges in large unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi and am looking to receive feedback/critique/advice. I understand these solutions do not sound politically/technologically correct, but with local resource limitations, I seek to identify low-cost, non-motorised and intuitive methods that can be implemented quickly on the ground.

I am interested in what role EM-1/Bokashi could play, purely as a waste management solution in respect of both organic (market waste) and liquid waste (faecal sludge). The purpose is NOT to produce compost, but to mitigate odour, pests and the transmission of disease.

2. Could EM-1/Bokashi bran be dropped into pit latrines to mitigate odour, pests, disease transmission?

I'm interested in recent studies that compare various e-waste regulations around the world?  This could include comparisons against a set range of criteria, critical analysis, pros and cons and/or recycling performance?

I have a dried sewage sample that was mixed with distilled water.  After shaking for 24 hours, the solids were filtered out and the liquid retained.

I tested the liquid for ortho-phosphates.  But in order to do this, I had to add a drop of sulfuric acid as a preservative.  When I was done with the phosphate determination, I had a lot of sample left over and decided to evaporate off the liquid to measure the Total Dissolved Solids. 

Here is the fun bit...

I added a  drop of acid to the filtrate, and then placed the sample in an oven where the water to evaporated off.  The remaining solids had a distinct greasy texture.  It appeared that the solids had curdled and trapped droplets of water inside.

but...

If I did not add the drop of acid and placed the sample in the oven, the resulting solid was dry and powdery.

An IR analysis of the solids suggests that I have some sort of polysaccharide.  So is this behavior consistent with polysaccharides?  Proteins might also be present and they certainly would behave in that fashion.

I do have a GC/MS and several LC/MS instruments, but my colleagues would not appreciate me running this solution on our departmental shared instruments without first knowing what is in it.  (Don't ask me how I know this.) 

Once I have a good idea of what might be in the solution I can do the LC/MS analysis.

Thank you.

Kevin

The future of humankind will heavily depend on successful learning and implementing sustainable lifestyles. Maintaining the presently practiced lifestyles with increasing drive for economic growth and production, consumerism, dominating linear supply systems and global resource and product transactions may counteract the envisioned sustainability. As one concept for change, the establishment of circular economy (also called Green Economy) is praised. But is this approach valid in the context of developing countries? The Worldbank (2012, Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata) estimates that the global solid waste generation will increase from 1,3 Billion tons in 2012 to 2,2 Billion tons by 2025. "Cloosing the loops" for municipal solid waste management alone would mean to successfully tackle +1 Billion tons additional solid waste every year in the next decade. But reality is that public waste management services are too low to tackle the now 1,3 Billion tons per annum, especially in low income countries. In parallel, other waste streams from sanitation systems as well as food and agri-wastes (manures!) need to be addressed. Most developing countries are in the process to increase 'access to toilets' to lessen open defecation (as more than 800 Million people still practice this on the planet at present). However, central sewerage systems may be available in developed countries but may not be affordable in most developing countries for decades to come. Most developing countries provide onsite sanitation systems where sludge from toilet use is contained and stored. However, sludges from tank cleaning are mostly not treated and reused properly, but often disposed in an uncontrolled manner. In fact, so far, public waste management services in developing countries mean to collect and dispose waste only whereas waste treatment facilities and successful recycling businesses are hardly developed. In the contrary, material recovery mostly depends only on the informal sector, which means poor people that make a living by material recovery in an unorganized manner pick some resuseable waste fractions 'at source, from collection trucks, or by scavaging at dumpsites' (often under un-human work conditions). Development in most cities in the developing countries does not happen in a planned manner, but often responds on tackling priority needs. Besides, severe barriers such as lacking funds, local political situation, lack of know how and legal framework and institutional support as well as low private sector involvement and interest to invest hinder system enhancements. In this context the question arises: What are the most promising strategies and developing steps we should promote to counteract the presently worsening situation along 'all anthropogenic waste streams'?

The most efficient , the cheapest and the most enduring .

I need to investigates methods for ion and volatile removal from waste water, in order to choice the cheapest and most effective one. Thanks indeed 

Recycled products or products that contain secondary raw materials can make up a core constituent of a large number of consumer and industrial products. Governments and industry have allowed the development of recycling systems for certain products in view to provide a comparatively lower level of environmental load compared to virgin materials, for example renewable energies (e.g. as biogas from waste) instead of fossil fuels. E-waste recycling is on the agenda, but solved?

Although recycled products may be environmentally preferable based on reduced demand for virgin materials and reduced amounts of waste going to landfills. But many recycling products fail in the longer run due to lack of markets or deteriorating markets, other reasons or negative customers responses a) based on disadvantages of the recycling product or b) due to the customer suspicion that such products may have ‘less quality or value’ and c) because they are subsidized.

Also many companies, agencies etc promote certain recycling products and offer ‘quality standards/logos’ it can be witnessed that many recycling initiatives are ‘more risky and less stable’ if compared with traditional production methods or even need to be subsidized in order to be maintained over longer time periods (e.g. compost).

If these assumptions are valid which criteria and parameters are crucial to assess validity of recycling products in an integrated manner before market introduction?

On the list of top ten things we wished had never been invented, plastic is the no.1. Each year roughly 8 million tons of plastic has to be dumped into oceans. On the other hand, each year enormous quantities of radioactive waste which contain the most dangerous materials are created by nuclear power generation. Both types of pollution are notorious for the long-lasting global effects.

In Chinese, there is a strategy which is translated as "To set a thief to catch a thief.", or "To cure poisoning by poison". So, there might be a way to "control (one type of) pollution by (another type of) pollution".

It is well known that radiation or high energy beams are used to decompose polymers. However, I don't know how effective those radioactive waste materials are for degradation of polymers. Suppose they are effective, then deposit of nuclear waste surrounded by plastic waste might be a solution to both types of pollution.

There is still another way --  to design new polymers that can be easily decomposed by radiation.

Cheese whey is generated in large volumes (450 litres of whey generated for every 500 litres of milk used in cheese making) in cheese and diary farms. It is highly biodegradable and saline waste effluent. Literature displays active investigations in treatment and reuse of treated wastewaters but they don't look like an economic option for scale up. Please give your views..!!

The level of sulfate present in the construction and demolition debris tends to be higher than what is permitted by the European norms. In order to reuse these wastes the levels of sulfate must be reduced. I would like to know what could be the cheapest and most effective method to do so.

Equations

Previous studies

Development of a new absorbing material.

I'm trying to design a research proposal on effect of leachate from municipal wastes on some organisms