Science topic

Walking - Science topic

An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.
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Walking aids, such as crutches and wheelchairs, depend on the strength of the body to bear the weight, as well as the joints, nuts, friction with the ground, dimensions, and the type of material they are made from.
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I think that AI and 3D printer I think would be a great help in this area, although I am not sure because I am not an expert!
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How does the universe manage all these galaxies?
The cosmic energy (mastermind or grand design) of the universe is showing us, with the strongest evidence, that grouping all the galaxies at a moderate distance from each other and separating them with a special space, called raw space, makes it difficult for galaxies to interact or interfere with each other unless the universe wants them to for a specific reason. The colliding of galaxies is meaningful for the universe and moving them around has its own principles that men will never be able to understand. It is obvious that when the universe was born, it was very small; and by the nature of its growth to get to its current size, it went through billions of these collisions and movement of galaxies.
The raw space between galaxies is a very clear space with no temperature, which makes it impossible for an atom to survive, which means that even sunlight does not exist outside the galaxies. In simple terms, it makes it impossible for us to travel between galaxies because anything that is made of atoms needs temperature to survive. This scenario is one of the characteristics of the universe. Thus, since there is no temperature, there is no wave either based on the physics that we know; therefore, nothing is moving between galaxies, not even wave or gravitational wave as LIGO is claiming.
The separation of galaxies is hard evidence that sunlight is exhausted on the rim of a galaxy. Logically sunlight’s speed varies through its traveling. However, there is no spot in any galaxy without temperature (we communicate with our instruments in space through wave-temperature) . This significant evidence proves that the speed of sunlight cannot be a constant phenomenon as traditionally science has persuaded and impressed upon us. Sunlight travels at different speeds throughout its galaxy only. Therefore, communication in the galaxy is possible but not outside the galaxy where there is no wave-temperature. Here should mention that artificial light (flashlight) is different from sunlight.
When we come into a galaxy, each galaxy has a precise movement that is coordinated with the universe’s rotation, and each solar system is coordinated with the speed of the galaxy. Furthermore, each planet is following the solar system’s laws and movements. In general, there are a lot of things going on in each galaxy, and it needs a well-built organization to put all these planets on the right track in the limited space of a galaxy.
As you can imagine, all the elements in the universe are connected, like a tree. Every building block—from the smallest element of an atom to the largest element of the universe, space—and the universe itself must work together in fine-tuned unison.
The center of the universe is where all the commands are issued, but what kind of power is actually running the universe is a mystery. But this huge organization needs a center to run it. From the universe’s current size, each time when the volume is increased, more new raw galaxies are born. As the universe is rotating, the raw galaxies become independent of each other and slowly spread apart and dive into the universe. It is a mystery as to how the universe manages all these new galaxies and separates them at moderate distances from each other, or maybe on some occasions, it makes one galaxy out of two. All my intuition is explicit in that the universe is a smart entity and feeds itself from the outside. That is why it is working accordingly.
There is the possibility that as the universe is rotating, it is creating tremendous noise; but due to raw space, the noise cannot be transferred. Yet all the large elements in a galaxy make noise that we
can detect due to friction with space, which means it is not black holes as some believe.
Therefore, through the experiments that we have at hand and the science that we are practicing and with the astronaut’s experimentation in space, many more things are becoming transparent. Analyzing this evidence brings us to several conclusions:
1) The universe is not infinite because infinite does not have an inside or an outside to create a movement. Infinite, to our standard, is relative; but an absolute infinite is static and has no movement to create the law of action-reaction.
2) The shape of the universe must be spherical and have such rotation to make all the planets spherical. The only reason that all the planets are spherical and the unification of atoms and molecules in space is circular is that they are coming from the rotational force of the universe. There is no other explanation for this phenomenal shape. It is impossible for a flat universe to duplicate this effect.
3) The rotation of the universe makes zero gravity in space. This phenomenon is supported by scientific evidence as in the astronaut’s experiment.
4) Gravity must be an internal component of atoms, not an external of mass. Science knows that the most common elements in space are hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Empirical evidence shows the spherical unification of these elements in intergalactic space.
5) The rotation of a hollow spherical universe makes all the galaxies have polarities of north/south. Cosmology has proven that our solar system is in this line, and Earth is also located on this line, for same reason Earth has polarity.
6) The rotation of the universe is making the galaxies inside the universe weightless, and the weightlessness of the galaxies must have an opposite rotation from the universe’s rotation to keep the universe weightless as well based on the duality principle.
7) This phenomenon of opposite rotational directions makes any object on any planet in any galaxy stand upright on the surface of that planet due to the torque (i.e., humans can walk on the moon, the rover on Mars can maneuver, and we on Earth are the best evidence of this occurrence).
8) The rotation of the universe is situated in such a manner as to manage these several hundreds of billions of galaxies all around the universe depending on the size of the galaxies and how they are situated in the universe. Evidence shows that galaxies have two different spinning rotations. This remark is showing that the universe must have polarities as well.
9) The spherical shape of the universe is allowing us to analyze an unlimited number of stars and galaxies of a three-dimensional horizon in the space of the universe according to our standard of infinite. But imagine, if the universe is flat, we could not see all these galaxies because of a limited horizon. This is another way to say that the universe is not flat.
10) Since all the scientists observed and agreed that the universe is expanding, it means that the three dimensions of space increase at the same rate, and it makes the distance of each galaxy spread away from each other and stretches the edge of the universe away from the center.
11) Each galaxy has diverse rotation with various speeds based on where they are located in the universe. The south side galaxies have reverse rotation/somersault/positioning from the north side.
12) The universal law is the same everywhere. Thus, there is no locality or non-locality exist in this complete entity of intrinsic universe (all the chemical in the universe must be the same and act the same).
Jakub Jagielski added a reply:
1. There is no "raw space" or pure vacuum. At extremely low density, intergalactic medium still carries matter.
2. Electromagnetic wave ("sunlight") propagates in vacuum, between galaxies.
3. Speed of light is constant in vacuum.
4. Atoms do not "survive". Atoms do not need temperature to exist.
5. There is no evidence for rotating universe.
6. There is still no evidence regarding shape of universe.
7. There is no evidence for galaxies "polarity"
8. Universe as a "smart entity": This is a non-scientific, metaphysical claim without empirical support.
9. ...
10. ...
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lots to unpack here - Here are the obvious;
( extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence)
1. Scientific Misconceptions
“Raw Space”: The concept of “raw space” as a region with no temperature, atoms, or waves misrepresents intergalactic space. Intergalactic space does contain particles, cosmic microwave background radiation, and gravitational waves.
Speed of Sunlight Varies: This claim contradicts well-established physics. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant (299,792,458 m/s) and does not vary.
Gravity as an Internal Component of Atoms: Gravity is not an atomic property but an emergent force due to mass and energy curvature of spacetime, as described by Einstein’s General Relativity.
2. Unsupported Speculations:
• The idea that galaxies “collide because the universe wants them to” anthropomorphizes natural processes. Galaxy collisions are well-understood to result from gravitational interactions, not a “grand design.”
• The claim that the universe has a “center where all commands are issued” is at odds with the widely accepted cosmological principle that the universe has no center and is isotropic on large scales.
• Assertions about dual rotational directions and “torque” enabling upright positioning lack empirical or theoretical support.
3. Inconsistent or Misleading Language:
• Terms like “raw galaxies,” “sunlight speed varies,” and “rotational force of the universe” are not standard in scientific discourse and confuse rather than clarify.
• The suggestion that astronauts’ experiences in zero gravity support the rotation of a hollow spherical universe is a misunderstanding of microgravity and orbital mechanics.
4. Contradictions and Logical Errors:
• The text states that gravitational waves don’t exist outside galaxies, contradicting direct observations by LIGO.
• It conflates the absence of temperature with the absence of waves, overlooking phenomena like electromagnetic waves, which do not require a medium or temperature to propagate.
5. Misinterpretation of Cosmic Expansion:
• The text assumes that galaxies being “separated at moderate distances” is a deliberate act, whereas the observed expansion is a consequence of the universe’s dynamics governed by dark energy.
Recommendations….
1. Consult Established Science
• Refer to foundational works in cosmology and astrophysics (e.g., by Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, or Sean Carroll) to better understand concepts like the Big Bang, cosmic expansion, and General Relativity.
• Study observational evidence from instruments like Hubble, JWST, and LIGO to ground claims in verifiable data.
2. Clarify Concepts
• Define terms like “raw space,” “raw galaxies,” and “universal laws” more rigorously, ensuring consistency with existing physical theories.
3. Separate Philosophy from Science
• While it’s fine to include philosophical musings, distinguish them clearly from scientific claims to avoid confusing readers about what is speculative and what is evidence-based.
4. Focus on Testable Claims
• If proposing new ideas (e.g., dual rotation or torque effects), outline specific observational or experimental methods to validate them.
5. Avoid Anthropomorphism
• Refrain from ascribing intent or purpose to natural processes (e.g., “the universe wants” or “commands are issued”). Stick to mechanisms and physical principles.
6. Refine Language
• Use precise terminology and avoid conflating unrelated concepts (e.g., “temperature” and “waves”).
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Given the massive time investment for scoring the videos frame-by-frame, and the danger of false negatives because the mice can compensate even thought they are genuinely injured, is it even worth it to verify mouse neuromuscular studies with a foot-fault assay?
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The benefit of validating neuromuscular studies in mice with a foot-fault assay depends on the study's objectives and the targeted outcomes. While the foot-fault assay is a common method for assessing motor control and balance, compensatory strategies that mice may develop despite injury can lead to false negatives. This can make results misleading and may require additional analyses. However, if the test is supported by other measurement methods (such as EMG), it can provide a more comprehensive assessment and increase accuracy. Thus, while the foot-fault assay alone may limit the reliability of the results, it can be useful when supplemented with additional measurements. Frankly, both in my own studies and while reading others, I have never found motor coordination assessments in mice to provide truly objective data. I believe these assessments should be approached with caution. Additionally, mice have remarkable recovery rates and impressive abilities to maintain balance while walking, for example. Therefore, especially in spinal cord studies, I consider functional outcomes in rats to be rather weak evidence.
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I am conducting an experiment on overground walking and studying Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) for gait stability using kinematic data from a motion capture system. My objective is to optimize the time delay and embedding dimension parameters for MLE calculation in the AP, ML, and VT directions.
I am considering using Bayesian Optimization for parameter tuning. Has anyone applied Bayesian Optimization for nonlinear dynamics or biomechanical studies involving motion capture data? What challenges or considerations should I keep in mind, especially for overground walking experiments? Also, I would appreciate any suggestions for suitable toolkits or frameworks for this optimization process.
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Bayesian optimization is a powerful statistical technique that's increasingly being applied to various optimization problems, including hyperparameter tuning for machine learning models. While I couldn't find a specific reference to its use in overground gait analysis using a motion capture system and focusing on time delay and embedding dimension selection, it's a highly plausible application given its advantages.
Why Bayesian Optimization is a Good Fit for Gait Analysis
  1. Expensive Function Evaluations: Gait analysis experiments can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Bayesian optimization can efficiently explore the parameter space while minimizing the number of costly evaluations.
  2. Non-Convex Optimization Landscape: The relationship between time delay and embedding dimension and the performance of gait analysis models can be complex and non-convex. Bayesian optimization can handle such scenarios effectively.
  3. Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian optimization provides uncertainty estimates for the predicted performance, allowing for more informed decision-making.
Potential Benefits of Using Bayesian Optimization in Gait Analysis
  • Improved Model Performance: By finding optimal time delay and embedding dimension values, Bayesian optimization can enhance the accuracy and generalization of gait analysis models.
  • Reduced Experimentation Time: By efficiently exploring the parameter space, Bayesian optimization can accelerate the development and tuning of gait analysis systems.
  • Enhanced Understanding: Bayesian optimization can provide insights into the sensitivity of the model to time delay and embedding dimension, aiding in the interpretation of results.
While I couldn't find a direct reference, the potential benefits and the applicability of Bayesian optimization to gait analysis make it a promising avenue for future research.
If you're interested in exploring this further, I recommend:
  • Searching for research papers or conference proceedings related to gait analysis, machine learning, and Bayesian optimization.
  • Consulting experts in the field of gait analysis or machine learning.
  • Experimenting with Bayesian optimization tools and libraries (e.g., Hyperopt, Optuna) to see how they can be applied to your specific gait analysis problem.
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I wonder why some people are naturally motivated towards research and never ever get bored reading tons of technical papers and research articles. Basically, they eat, walk, talk and breathe research and do nothing else for entertainment other than research.
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For wanting to contribute to literature and expanding research, as well as helping to fill a gap.
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PRAGMATICS AND HUMOR
It is amazing how many ways we have of displaying and presenting various types of lexical and pragmatic information. These displays and presentations are at various levels of abstraction, detail and presentation medium. They are chosen to represent time, space, significance, and other relative differences.
Consider the following: Advertisement, Audio-Visual Aid, Bar Graph, Bell-Shaped Curve, Blood Lines, Caricature, Cartoon, Category, Cause-Effect Line, Chain of Command, Chinese Boxes, Drawing, Family Tree, Floor Plan, Flow Chart, Hierarchy, Map, Matrix, Musical Score, Outline, Photograph, Diagram (e.g. Reed Kellogg), Set, Sketch, Time Line, Tree Diagram, Venn Diagram, etc. This lexical and pragmatic information can be presented over various mediums. Consider the following: Book, Card Catalogue, Catalogue, Chalk Board, Cell Phone, Internet, Journal, Magazine, Movie, PowerPoint, Radio, Skype, Teleconference, Telephone, Video Stream, Webinar, White Board, Zoom, etc. And information can be organized alphabetically, numerically, sequentially, spatially, etc.
Lexical items can also be semantically weighted, and related to other lexical items in various ways, and these weightings and relationships can be quantified (always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, etc. I believe that the most important feature of Linguistics Pragmatics is that it is unlike all of the other levels of linguistics (Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics) by being a non-linear approach. Kenneth Pike said that language can be viewed as Particles, as Waves (assimilation or dissimilation), or as Field. It is only Pragmatics that looks at language as Field (see above).
Another very important aspect of Pragmatics is the developing field of Script-Model Grammar. Victor Raskin is a linguist, and linguists tend to deal with one sentence at a time. Script Model Grammar allows linguists to deal with larger texts. Raskin talks about the structure of a joke by saying that everything in the set-up of the joke is ambiguous but primed in the direction of the mundane. What the punch line of a joke does is to change the priming of the joke from the mundane to the dramatic, or scatological, etc. At this point the audience is able to see that the entire joke—set-up and punch line—have been ambiguous, and that the punch line has just changed the priming. Because the punch line allows the audience to see all of the ambiguity of the joke (both mundane and dramatic), the punch line is very epiphanal.
Using the techniques of Script-Model Grammar as developed by Victor Raskin, Salvatore Attardo and others, develop a number of mundane scripts for your computer, as follows:
Eating at a restaurant
Getting a haircut
Getting dressed in the morning
Going to a concert
Going to a movie
Telling a joke or a story
Traveling by car
Traveling by plane
Traveling by subway
Traveling by train
Etc.
Tell your computer the details of the script in terms of a sequence of behaviors. For example, consider the script of “eating at a restaurant.”
1. You get hungry.
2. You look for a restaurant.
3. You find a restaurant.
4. You walk into the restaurant.
5. You’re seated by someone.
6. The server brings you a menu.
7. You look at the menu.
8. You order your meal.
9. You eat your meal.
10. Someone brings you a bill.
11. You pay the bill.
12. You leave a tip.
13. You leave the restaurant.
But what if one or more of the sequence of behaviors is missing? Or what if one or more behaviors are added to the sequence? The computer can then ask, “Why didn’t he leave a tip? Or “Why did he take his bike into the restaurant?” The computer has been taught how to speculate.
What Victor Raskin did for jokes (small texts), Salvatore Attardo and others did for larger texts (paragraphs, chapters plays, novels, trilogies, etc.). And rather than just dealing with the set-up, the punch-line, and the epiphany of the joke, Attardo developed ways of dealing with double entendre, embodiment, irony, metaphor, metonymy, paradox, parody, sarcasm, satire, synecdoche, allegory, and other types of “language play.” An even more important contribution of Script-Model Grammar, is its applications to the field of Artificial Intelligence. This brings us to the contributions of Christian Hempelmann, Anton Nijholt, Dallin Oaks, Leo Obrst, Maxim Petrenko, Graeme Ritchie, Julia Taylor, Willibald Ruch, Oliviero Stock, Carlo Strapparava, Igor Suslov, and Tony Veale.
Note that Noam Chomsky’s Generative Transformational Grammar has now become Deep Learning in the field of computers. Computers are now able to generate both language and images by receiving input from the entire internet, recombining this information in very sophisticated ways, and producing computer-generated material that is the same as human-generated material, only better. It’s very scary.
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Dear Prof. Nilsen!
I appreciate your time and consideration in advocating my contribution. Sharing knowledge is a common interest of us:
Nicola Halenko, Jiayi Wang, (Editors) 2024. Pragmatics in English Language Learning, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, ISBN 978-1-108-79493-0 Paperback, March 2024, "Look Inside:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.
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James Web Pictures Predict what I predicted.
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I have been in the camp that believed bison were not part of the natural fauna in the desert grasslands. Individual bones found scattered throughout were as a result of trade among indigenous peoples.
Recently, an individual on one of my nature walks that I guide along the Upper San Pedro River stated she was informed that more recent research has determined they were part of the grasslands in SE Arizona. However, she could not provide me with the research or researchers' name(s).
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I have no exact information about the distribution history of bison. In any case, I'm thinking that the areas that are now deserts may have received more rainfall in ancient times, which may have allowed for the existence of grasslands that could have supported bison herds.
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I'm getting exhausted and losing hope to walk forward about my studies and research. I'm majoring in Aerospace Science and My Study area is Developing Materials for Aerospace Engineering. I am lost and giving up !
Any suggestions or Any guidance ?
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James Garry Sir, Appreciate your words.
Trying to focus on reading and thinking wider.
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In Indian subcontinent, old cities houses are in the narrow lane. Big house in the so narrow lane.
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Ancient cities were designed for pedestrians since the mode of transportation back then was predominantly by foot, or on an animal. The scale of the buildings, the street width, the relationship between the building and the street etc are therefore, of human scale Also, narrow roads help create better micro-climatic conditions, especially in hot regions, where narrow streets remain shaded by the abutting buildings throughout the day.
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Parkinson Disease (PD) is a degenerative disease that affects motor function and sequential.
At which level of H&Y stages will this improve?
Short term or long term effect?
Any evidence to help patient and client?
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Dear Amirul AB , this article may be of interest to you.
Spinal implant helps man with advanced Parkinson’s to walk without falling
“I would fall five to six times per day,” says architect and former mayor Marc Gauthier, reflecting on his life before receiving a highly experimental implant that delivers electrical stimulation to his spinal cord. Gauthier has advanced Parkinson’s disease, and the technology enables him to walk fluidly — something no other therapy can do. Researchers say larger studies are needed to assess whether the device will work for others with the disease...
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For long Covid this might help. i just thought will send this. The acidic pH in absence of oxygen might help as the SARS-CoV2 virus had issue replicating in high altitude.
Those having long Covid *can do walking without inhaling air in breath.* To the level of comfort. In absence of oxygen the CO2 is built up. Say in cycles of one minute. This elevated CO2 influences the pH to acidic and that will interfere with the viral replication and provide immunity by altering & inactivating the virus. This absence of O2 will be anaerobic glycolysis with high lactic acid.
Acids have shown to denature the protein coat of virus. Here the CO2 formed in the body before being released from lung is being used to slightly alter the pH to inactivate the virus. The lactic acid also in muscles the way it stiffens in absence of oxygen.
When tested in positive long Covid patient One feels relief from symptoms after few days and the symptoms of long Covid reduce in intensity.
One can few times a day 3-4 say while walking for 5-10 minutes . Or once for say 30 minute walk what ever time one can exhale the breathe and continue walking. By understanding the level of one's comfort. THIS IS ONLY FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE NORMAL HEALTHY WITHOUT ANCILLARY CONDITIONS but have long Covid
Idea is using the acidic pH to alter the virus in the arterial blood by the CO2 forming carbonic acid and the acidic pH will do the work.
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Because Covid virus is enveloped one which is sensetive to all inactivating agens among them acids
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I need to make this reaction (pictured) with the same final concentration, but it needs to be in a total volume of 7.5ul instead of 25ul. Can someone please help me by walking me through your math process? I'm having a hard time figuring this out and would greatly appreciate any help.
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Well, decreasing the volume of everything by 1/4 will give you that total volume of 7.5 microliters.
But, it's very challenging to accurately and consistently measure volumes that small.
Why are you trying to get the volume so low? In general, PCR works better in larger reactions (20-50 microliters is common).
The "add water to make it 25 microliters" is the flexible part of this protocol. That's where you have the space to account for the volume of your primers & template/DNA.
I'd suggest talking with your supervisor to make sure you understand the protocol & how it fits into your overall experiment. Good luck!
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For long Covid can try morning/ evening walk say 30 minutes. While walking not to inhale air. Even one can exhale the air and walk. When one is not comfortable one can breathe say after 30-45 seconds. Then repeat this cycle of not using air while walking low O2 levels increase the ⬆️ *lactic acid* & ⬆️ *carbonic acid* in the system. This acidic pH helps in viral inactivation. (Hypothesis) as acids are used to denature the virus and this has been shown to be present in the artery in the below mentioned paper. These acids may help in allevation of the symptoms.
This can help. I had found relief after returning from high altitude cough went of which was more than 8 months after I was infected with Covid. The walking also relieved the symptoms. As walking the O2 demand is more and if one walks with say a heavy bag that is exhaustive. This brings in acidic condition.
Glycosis is inhibited and lactate formation in absence of oxygen is natural. Which most athletes show. But here hyperactivity isn't recommended and it's for people who are normal and with mild symptoms. Almost imaginary. Which one doesn't realize. This has shown to provide relief.
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The mild fever, the ache in tooth as tjough about to fall, a feeling of recivery from illness the orevuous day the tiredness and exhastion, which one ovserves when one is low and next day us not there, there is a month by month reductiin in intensity od symotim. Wuth fever going off. The orher symptoms one almist thinks one is imagining. I felt relief
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Here are some tips on how to deal with academic snobs:
  • Don't take it personally. It's important to remember that academic snobs are often insecure about their own intelligence and accomplishments. They may try to put others down in order to make themselves feel better. Try not to take their comments personally and don't let them get to you.
  • Stay confident. Remember that you are just as smart and capable as anyone else. Don't let academic snobs make you doubt yourself or your abilities. Remind yourself of your own accomplishments and strengths.
  • Don't engage with them. The best way to deal with an academic snob is to ignore them. If they try to engage you in a conversation, simply walk away or politely excuse yourself. There is no need to waste your time and energy on someone who is trying to make you feel bad.
  • Seek support from others. If you are being harassed or bullied by an academic snob, talk to a trusted friend, family member, or professor. They can offer you support and advice on how to deal with the situation. You can also report the behavior to your department chair or other appropriate authority figure.
Here are some additional tips:
  • Kill them with kindness. Be polite and respectful to academic snobs, even if they are not to you. This will show them that you are not bothered by their behavior and that you are the bigger person.
  • Have a sense of humor. If an academic snob makes a snide comment, try to laugh it off. Don't let them get to you.
  • Don't try to compete with them. Academic snobs are often competitive and driven to succeed. Don't try to compete with them on their own terms. Focus on your own goals and don't worry about what they are doing.
  • Be yourself. Don't try to change who you are to fit in with academic snobs. Be proud of your unique qualities and don't let anyone make you feel inferior.
Remember, academic snobs are not worth your time or energy. Focus on your own work and your own goals, and don't let them get to you.
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I am surprised that you have to resort to AI to answer this question, when you have so much personal experience in this area.
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I will avoid describing the reasons too much to avoid an avalanche of trolls.
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Thought so! That is what nihilism is based on.
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Are any alternative methods that can be implemented to avoid a Page walk into TLB, whenever there is a Page Fault in physical and Virtual Memory Mapping??
Where TLB is Translation Lookaside Buffer.
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TLB is a cache that stores recent translations of virtual addresses to physical addresses. A page walk is the process of accessing the page tables to find the physical address corresponding to a virtual address. A page fault occurs when a requested page is not present in physical memory.
One possible way to avoid a page walk into TLB when there is a page fault is to use prefetching techniques. Prefetching means loading the data into the cache before it is actually needed by the processor. For example, if you have a node with two candidate successors, you can pick the nearest one and prefetch the other one using a function like PrefetchVirtualMemory. This way, you can reduce the chances of having a TLB miss or a page fault when accessing the other node.
Another possible way to avoid a page walk into TLB when there is a page fault is to use large pages. Large pages are pages that have a larger size than the normal pages (for example, 2 MB instead of 4 KB). Large pages can reduce the number of levels in the paging hierarchy and thus reduce the number of memory accesses needed for a page walk. However, large pages may also increase the internal fragmentation and waste some physical memory space.
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Could you kindly provide me with references to studies that evaluate the relative impacts of geographical distance and directional distance on active transportation mode choice, such as walking and cycling?
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About the reply by Juan CARLOS Castellanos: In the USA, most walking trips are shorter than 0.8 km and bicycling trips shorter than 2.4 km. This may be different elsewhere but I would be quite hesitant to assume that walk or bicycle for 30 min to reach a regular destination, let alone, plan a city based on that assumption.
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My 7years old German Shephard can not walk on his back legs suddenly. There is no fracture of legs. But my dog cannot able to walk. Please help.
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Here in England I see owners of dogs with same problem put their back & legs on a two wheal little platform. as long as your Dog can use front legs, mobility again is possible. Look for a suitable item in children[s toys for this job...good luck...
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"llness beliefs and walking behavior after revascularization for intermittent claudication: a qualitative study"
DOI: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000046
Thank you.
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Dear Candice
Unfortunately, the article you asked for is not mine. So, I don't have the right to send. Thank you
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We assume that the answer is yes, but how?
Most people think that bacteria use the pili (sometimes called flagella or pseudolegs) to walk (in vertical orientation) or crawl (in horizontal orientation), which is wrong, as explained below.
The correct assumption that nature itself equips bacteria with free electrons as a walking mechanism to be able to survive or search for food has been experimentally proven.
Consequence of evolution by natural selection,
the bacterial cell has one or more free electrons and the bacterial colony contains millions of them which produce a radial electric field and a circular magnetic field according to the EMW theory [1,2].
The EMW theory proves that the electromagnetic field of the macroscopic bacterial colony is responsible for the macroscopic movement of bacteria sometimes called walking.
In short, the
the current theory that bacteria move or search for food via their pseudo-legs as the main driving force is not valid.
Ref:
1-I.M.Abbas, How Colonial Pattern Formation in Macroscopic Bacterial Growth Follows Its Own Electric and Magnetic Fields, Researchgate, IJISRT Journal, December 2021.
2- I.M.Abbas, Formation of colonial patterns in the macroscopic growth of bacteria under its own electric and magnetic fields-II, Researchgate, journal IJISRT, December 2021.
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Colonies of bacterial cells are the main source of disease and food. Bacterial microbes are unicellular microorganisms lacking a nuclear membrane, metabolically active and when they grow, beyond a certain limit, under appropriate conditions of food, water and oxygen, they divide by binary fission.
In other words, bacterial growth is the proliferation of bacteria into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Provided no event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Therefore, exponential bacterial growth occurs.
The progression of bacterial colonies over time goes through three main phases, namely the lag phase, the logarithmic or exponential growth phase and finally the exponential death or decay phase [1].
The physical interactions of growing bacterial cells with each other and with their growth environment, expressed mathematically via Diririclet boundary conditions, significantly affect the structure and movement dynamics of biofilms.
The currently burgeoning field of theoretical and experimental studies, especially of the movement or walking of bacterial cells, focuses on the role of their legs and falagellae Fig1.
Fig.1 Bacteria cell anatomy
The "walking mechanism" of bacterial cells and the role of their legs and falagellae in their transfer or walking is the subject of this article.
Katsumi Imada et al 2018 [2] states that the bacterial flagellum is a mobile organelle composed of thousands of protein subunits. The filamentous part that extends from the cell membrane is called the axial structure and consists of three major parts, the filament, hook, and rod, and other minor components. Each of the three main parts shares a similar self-assembly mechanism and a common basic architecture of subunit arrangement while showing quite distinct mechanical properties to achieve its specific function. Structural and molecular mechanisms produce these different mechanical properties of the axial structure, such as the so-called filament. He adds that Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, swim by rotating helical filamentous organelles called the flagellum. The flagellum rotates at a relatively high speed and is driven by a reversible rotary motor embedded in the cell membrane at the base of the filament.
Sandra Postel et al 2016 [3] stated that Flagella are crucial for bacterial motility and pathogenesis. The flagellar capping protein (FliD) regulates filament assembly by chaperoning and sorting flagellin (FliC) proteins after they traverse the hollow filament and exit the growing flagellum tip. In the absence of FliD, flagella are not formed, resulting in impaired motility and infectivity. Considering that the flagellin filaments on which the FliD oligomers are attached vary in number of protofilaments between bacteria, their results suggest that the stoichiometries of the FliD oligomers vary from one bacterium to another to complete their filament assemblies.
He adds: “Many bacteria, including several that cause disease in humans, have long, whip-like appendages called flagella that extend well beyond their cell walls. Flagella can spin and propel bacteria through liquids, such as water or blood, and they are mostly made up of thousands of copies of a single protein called flagellin. During the construction of flagella, the flagellin proteins are placed in their appropriate positions by another protein called FliD, several copies of which form a cap at the end of the flagella. Without FliD, bacteria cannot properly assemble flagella and therefore cannot swim; it also hinders their ability to cause disease
Marko Nedeljkovic, 2021 [4] stated that the bacterial flagellum is one of the most complex and dynamic biological nanomachines known and has attracted attention since its discovery in the late 19th century. The history of flagellar research has gradually moved from biological, purely morphological studies, to biochemical and biophysical studies at the atomic level, enabling current understanding to the point of being able to modify it for various purposes. The bacterial flagellum is a complex and dynamic nanomachine that propels bacteria through liquids. It consists of a basal body, a hook and a long filament.
The flagellar filament is composed of thousands of copies of the flagellin protein (FliC) arranged in a helix and ending in a filamentary cap composed of an oligomer of the FliD protein. The overall structure of the filament core is preserved across bacterial species, while the outer domains show great variability and in some cases are even completely absent.
Flagellar assembly is a complex and energetically costly process triggered by environmental stimuli and, therefore, highly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Besides its role in locomotion, the filament is critically important in several other aspects of bacterial survival, reproduction, and pathogenicity, such as adhesion to surfaces, secretion of virulence factors, and formation. of biofilms. Additionally, due to their ability to elicit potent immune responses, flagellins play a role as adjuvants in vaccine development.
W W Wilson et al 2007[5] stated that
Never the less, up to our knowledge the preceding work never described the effect of boundary geometry on the macroscopic colonial growth especially in food empty zones.
It is perhaps the first comprehensive theoretical and experimental study to fuse experimental microbiology with the foundations of theoretical mathematical physics to further reveal the growth properties of bacteria in two-dimensional geometric space.
Here, an agent-based 3D model is formulated to describe the establishment of single expanding bacterial colonies by the physical force of their growth. With a single set of parameters, the model captures key dynamic characteristics of colony growth by nonmotile, non-EPS-producing E. coli cells on hard agar. The model, supported by experiments on colony growth in different nutrient types and concentrations, suggests that the radial expansion of colonies is not nutrient-limited as commonly believed, but by mechanical forces. Rather, nutrient penetration governs the vertical growth of colonies, through thin layers of vertically oriented cells lifting their ancestors from below. Overall, the model provides a versatile platform to study the influences of metabolic and environmental factors on bacterial colony growth and morphology.
Bacteria have legs.? But in a sense, it's true: The movies show that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria wiggle themselves up into a vertical position and move leglike projections known as Type IV pili to wander around a surface surfaces
Xiaowei Zhao finds that [6]2014,the flagellum is one of the most sophisticated self-assembled molecular machines in bacteria. Propelled by the proton motive force, the flagellum rapidly rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, which ultimately controls the motility and behavior of bacteria. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica have served as important model systems for in-depth genetic, biochemical, and structural analysis of the flagellum, providing unprecedented insight into its structure, function, and gene regulation. Despite these advances, our understanding of flagellar assembly and rotational mechanisms remains incomplete, in part due to the limited structural information available regarding the intact rotor-stator complex and secretory apparatus. Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has become a valuable imaging technique capable of visualizing the intact flagellar motor in cells at molecular resolution. Since the resolution that can be achieved by cryo-ET with large bacteria (such as E. coli and S. enterica) is limited, analysis of small diameter bacteria (including Borrelia burgdorferi and Campylobacter jejuni) can provide additional information on the in situ structure of the flagellar motor and other cellular components.
Wolfram Siede 2018 [7] performed a groundbreaking experiment to study the microscopic and macroscopic growth of bacterial colony in a multi-hole perforated plate Fig 2 and stated that,
based on cutting holes in standard medium agar plates where mature mycelium is grown. In terms of ease, time required and spore yield, we have found this method to be superior to others.
Fig 2. Macroscopic growth of bacteria colony containing macroscopic holes in the agar
He added,To start, an existing microconidia sample (or any source of spores/cells) is used for plating or streaking at a density that leads to a dense mycelium cover of a petri plate within a few days. After two days incubation at 30 °C, plates are typically sealed with Parafilm to prevent excessive drying and as a means to avoid spreading of spores of this BSL2 organism. After about 8 days of incubation in total (in the dark), holes of ∼6 mm diameter are cut into the now mycelium-covered agar, preferably by using a flamed cork borer or a similar cutting tool (Fig. 1A–C). The circular agar pieces are removed and discarded. The resulting holes should be not placed less than 10 mm apart. After continued incubation, additional growth may become evident around the holes (Fig. 1A). In roughly the same area, developing red pigmentation should be visible when the plate is viewed from the bottom (Fig. 1B). This appears to accompany formation of spores which are mostly microconidia in our case (Fig. 1D). In another Trichphyton species, carotenoid production has been associated with arthrospore formation.
.
However, it is clear from Figure 2-A that bacteria cannot travel or walk from the outside of the hole to the inside as if the barrier cannot be traversed.
In the previous work mentioned above, the authors have shown experimentally that bacterial cells have many nanometer-fine legs and one or more micrometer-wide flagella and that they play an important role in orienting bacterial populations towards food/agar.
However, they provide a conclusion that the hole or barrier (Fig 2-A) cannot be traversed, which is not entirely true.
In fact, the same bacteria can travel or walk from the inside of the circular food ring outwards as if there were no barrier Fig 3a&3b[8,9].
Fig. 3b
The obvious reason is that the electric field E is zero in the first case ( Fig. 3and exists in sufficient quantity in the second case( Fig. 3b).
The "walking dynamics" of bacterial cells and the role of their own thermal diffusion field or electric and magnetic field constructed by the geometric boundary conditions of Dirichlet in their transfer or walking is the core subject of this article.
In other words, how the food-free barrier can be crossed by bacterial cells where they are born and transported by E continuously for days, as explained in the following section II.
Ref
1- I.M. Abbas et al ,ijisrt, Does the growth of bacteria follow the solution of the heat diffusion equation with boundary conditions ,Oct 21.
2- 2-Katsumi Imada
Biophys Rev. 2018 Apr; 10(2): 559–570.
Published online 2017 Dec 12. doi: 10.1007/s12551-017-0378-z
Bacterial flagellar axial structure and its construction
3-Sandra Postel et al 2016
4-Marko Nedeljkovic,2021
5-W W Wilson et al, Spaceflight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals the role of the global regulator Hfq
J.W Wilson, C.M. Ott, K. Höner zu Bentrup, +37, and C.A. Nickerson cheryl.nickerson@asu.edu Author information and affiliations
Edited by Arnold Demaine, Drew University, Madison, NJ, and approved August 27, 2007
6-Xiaowei Zhao finds that [6]2014,
7-Wolfram Sied,[7]
Heliyon,
Volume 4, Number 7, July 2018, e00676
A "Hole Punched Plate" method to easily generate and harvest microconidia in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum
8-I.M. Abbas et al, IJISRT Journal, How Colonial Pattern Formation in Macroscopic Bacterial Growth Follow its Own Electric and Magnetic Fields
9- I.M. Abbas, Researchgate, Formation of colonial patterns in the macroscopic growth of bacteria under its own electric and magnetic fields-II,Dec 21..
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Stokes’ theorem says we can calculate the flux of curl F across surface S by knowing information only about the values of F along the boundary of S. Conversely, we can calculate the line integral of vector field F along the boundary of surface S by translating to a double integral of the curl of F over S.
Let S be an oriented smooth surface with unit normal vector N. Furthermore, suppose the boundary of S is a simple closed curve C. The orientation of S induces the positive orientation of C if, as you walk in the positive direction around C with your head pointing in the direction of N, the surface is always on your left. With this definition in place, we can state Stokes’ theorem.
source: 6.7 Stokes’ Theorem - Calculus Volume 3 | OpenStax
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When it comes to teaching Stokes' Theorem and its applications in CEng engineering, there are several methodologies and tools that can be utilized to make the learning experience more engaging and effective. Here are a few examples:
  1. Interactive Demonstrations: Using interactive software and online tools, such as Wolfram Demonstrations, students can visualize and explore the concepts of Stokes' Theorem in a more interactive manner. These demonstrations can help students to better understand the geometric and physical concepts of the theorem and its applications.
  2. Real-world Examples: Demonstrating real-world examples of the applications of Stokes' Theorem can help students to see the practical relevance of the concepts they are learning. For example, demonstrating how the theorem is used in the design of wind turbines or aircraft wings can help students to see the importance of the concepts they are studying.
  3. Conceptual Analogy: Using analogies and metaphors to explain the concepts of Stokes' Theorem can help students to better understand the abstract concepts. For example, explaining how the theorem is similar to the idea of a rollercoaster ride can help students to visualize the idea of a closed path and the forces acting on it.
  4. Collaborative Learning: Encouraging students to work together in small groups can help to foster collaboration and problem-solving skills. This approach can also help to break down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable pieces that can be understood more easily.
References:
  • OpenStax Calculus Volume 3, Chapter 6.7, "Stokes' Theorem"
  • Wolfram Demonstrations Project: "Stokes' Theorem"
  • "Stokes' Theorem Explained" by Math Fortress on YouTube.
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I'm developing a CNN regression model for gait analysis. It seems the model is well trained, with low val_loss and low loss. However, the model does not work well to predict real data. In this training process, the data used is gait data generated from the force plate and plantar pressure. The force plate consists of 6 values, and the plantar pressure consists of 89 values. Then, for data collection, plantar pressure will be placed above the force plate, and someone will walk on the plantar pressure and the force plate at the same time. The data generated from both is 50 data in 1 second. The duration of the experiment that I did was 5 minutes, so the total of the training data is 15000. The main thing is that I'm developing a regression model to predict force plates based on plantar pressure. As I said above, the model is well-trained, but the model cannot work properly for real data during testing. The following is the result of process training and testing using real data. I'm confused why this can happen, even though the training results are quite good and the resulting val_loss and loss results are also very small. then because of this problem, I found a solution by adding the number of sequences to the plantar pressure data. because plantar pressure is able to generate 50 data in 1 second, so here I will add a number of sequences 1–50 at the first index for each plantar pressure data. so the plantar pressure data which originally consisted of 89 values, now will be 90 values because I added 1 data (data number of sequence). Below is an illustration of adding the number of sequences to plantar pressure data. The training process from adding the number of sequences in the plantar pressure data will be very helpful in the training and testing using real data. this is very weird to me, why when I don't add the number of sequences to the plantar pressure data the results of training results will be good but when I test the model using real data, the model is unable to predict real data. however, if I add a number of sequences to the plantar pressure data, the training results will be better than without adding a number of sequences and during testing, the model is able to predict real data quite well. I've read a lot of papers and looking for information on things like this but I can't find it. I hope someone here can provide a logical reason why all this could happen. you can refer to my questions on datascience.stackexchange to see the detail of my questions. https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/118724/cnn-model-well-trained-but-cant-predict-real-data
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There could be a few reasons why your CNN regression model is not performing well on real data despite good performance on training data.
One possibility is overfitting, where the model has learned to fit the training data too closely and has not generalized well to new, unseen data. This can be addressed by using techniques such as regularization, early stopping, or data augmentation during training.
Another possibility is that the real data may have different characteristics or patterns that are not present in the training data. This could be due to variations in the environment or subject variability. To address this, you may need to collect more diverse training data or use transfer learning techniques to adapt the model to new data.
It's also possible that there may be some preprocessing differences between the training and real data that are affecting the model's performance. Adding the sequence number to the plantar pressure data may be affecting the preprocessing in a way that is improving the model's ability to predict real data.
In any case, it's important to carefully evaluate and validate the model's performance on real data using appropriate metrics and statistical tests. It's also a good idea to seek feedback and collaborate with domain experts to ensure that the model is addressing the relevant problem and capturing the right features.
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This is the acceptance timeline of an article in the journal "Viruses" by mdpi.
Received: 27 October 2022/ Revised: 9 November 2022/ Accepted: 10 November 2022/ Published: 12 November 2022
Is this normal behavior?
This is not just one article. Almost all articles in all their journals have similar tracks.
Is PLOS ONE walking on the same path?
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Frankly, five years ago I wouldn't remotely have considered publishing anything with MDPI, but they have improved substantially over the last years and now my most recent publication is with them. I will continue spreading over different publishers for future works, but I may submit something there again at some point.
They are still a quite pushy with the goal of rapid publishing, but at no point did I experience the reviewing process as unserious or predatory. Of course I can't say anything about those old reports about stuff being published despite reviewers comments being ignored since I didn't do that.
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Hi everyone. I have designed a study with three separate steps. First I scan healthy people who passively receive rhythmic and non-rhythmic sequences in auditory and vibrotactile modalities. So two modalities and two conditions in each modality (4 conditions in total). Then I scan people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) who receive the same stimuli. Then I calculate the functional connectivity (using the Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) method) during rhythmic tasks in each modality separately in both groups of people to see in which ways healthy and PwP people's FC might be different. After that same Parkinson's people get a rehabilitation method for their walking performance and the results of gait (walking) improvements will be correlated with FC values to see if the degree of FC can predict gait improvement following that specific rehabilitation method.
Now my question is:
1- How many people would be considered a good sample size for my study?
2- Is it preferable to have the same sample size in both healthy and PwP? if yes, why?
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Hi Zhaleh
First question:
1. I need a pilot study, or
2. A similar study to yours
Second question:
It is better but not must to be the same to increase homogeneity of variances between groups
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There are no significant differences when we close our eyes for "a moment" when we walk and compare with open eyes. Sometimes we feel our eyes tired after reading for a long time. So when there are no significant differences when we close eyes and open eyes when walking, can we use "change blindness phenomenon" to walk with close eyes and only open our eyes when we feel it necessary according to our intuition acuity ?
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Thank you for your explanation Prof. Gaurav H Tandon.
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I am attempting to perform electrophysiology recordings from electrodes implanted in the brain of a rat while he is walking on a treadmill. Currently the noise level is extremely high (Strongest at 60Hz and 120Hz, but enough across the spectrum to be unfilterable) when the motor on the treadmill is in operation, even when the rat is ~5m away. I have tried grounding the metal body of the treadmill, but without much benefit. The recording system is a Plexon Omniplex system. Is this typical for treadmill recordings, and what is the typical approach at reducing this noise?
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Would suggest trying to run a rat (or several "subjects") without implant on the same treadmill and record the noise. Collect as much data as you can. Use the recordings and create "a model" of the noise and subtract it from your noisy recording.
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The total walking ground reaction forces (GRF) are measured using a single force plate. For inverse dynamics, GRF is required for each foot separately. Is there any method to do it?
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We implemented a quite robust algorithm in our Leonardo Mechanograph Gangway Systems (https://www.galileo-training.com/de-english/products/p19/leonardo-mechanograph-gw.html). This works very good for fairly fit individuals. But having doen quiet some time of development in this filed, it appears that recalculating from the trajectory of the COP has it limitations when it comes to patients with severe functional deficites like in CP for example. But apart fom these extreme cases, simple algorithms work great. Unfortunaterly I can’t give you any details about the algorithms sicne they are part of the commercial software.
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I'm interviewing for a job and am not really sure how this works. Confidentiality, secure location, and other things are such that a rep can't exactly just walk into a i.e. a J&J facility and ask to speak to someone.
So if your group was wanting to start or grow their existing mAb bioprocess workflow, do the reps hear about it somehow and reach out to you or do you handle all the initial contact?
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It first gets handled internally, because people will always know what people do not. So, first, discuss it internally. Then it could get out to the public by advertisement.
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I am pursuing Ph.D. on anthropogenic impact on fluvial environment. This is my last year my work is almost complete. Can anyone walk me through the process of pursuing PDF in India or preferably abroad? I have one international publication in springer on water quality and two other are in the pipeline on river migration process and anthropogenic impact on rivers.
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Hello.
funded-PDFs
This is done with the Ctrl-F key
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Generally humans have a better developed posture and movement when walking/standing than most land animals.In observation,Auditory nerve especially vestibular nerve system is more evolved in humans than animals.Is there any scientific studies to support this evolvement of function of balance in humans?
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I was reading a quote of Plato where he said that those who tell stories, rule society. I have seen in my life also, many great and legendary teachers having this unique ability of being a fantastic story-teller. Great performers who rise up to the level of a teacher in other walks of life like spirituality, politics, entertainment, public relations, business etc. also seem to have this unique feature. So I have started believing that story-tellers can become great teachers.
Scientists and researchers from around the world are requested to share their opinions regarding this.
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May be but not necessarly
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Greetings all,
I did a simple experiment. On each trial, participants listened to audio recordings of a person walking on a flight of stairs. The pedestrian was walking either up or down the stairs, and either toward or away from the recording device. On each trial, the participant had to report whether (1) the pedestrian was walking up or down the stairs, and (2) toward or away from the recording device. Participant sex was a between-participants variable. One reviewer of the paper suggested I conduct a 2 (Sex: M vs. F) x 2 (Distance: Toward vs. Away) x 2 (Elevation: Up vs. Down) repeated measures ANOVA. The DV was percent correct.
The independent variables are not nested. For example, on half the trials, the person walking Up the stairs was walking Toward the recording device while on the other half of the trials the person was walking Away from it.
My concern is that the ANOVA will include data it should not when calculating the main effects. When determining the main effect of Distance, the ANOVA will include the Elevation data. Likewise, when determining the main effect of Elevation, the ANOVA will include the Distance data.
I have attached the data so you will have a better understanding of what I mean.
In short, my question is this: Is a 2 x 2 x 2 the correct analysis that will yield what the reviewer expects? I am thinking it will not.
Thank you for your help!
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Hello Mike,
I agree with Sal Mangiafico 's recommendation that each participant's record in your data set should have four data points (at least): one for each of the four combinations of recording conditions. That represents the last part of the reviewer's proposal for a 2 x "2 x 2" design. It sounds as if you may have had multiple trials for each condition combination, and from these, the percent correct values were derived. That's OK, so long as you randomized the order of presentation, so that fatigue or loss of attention effects would be likely equalized across conditions.
Doing this in no way prevents you from being able to estimate main effects for distance and direction (example: for computing whether distance as a main effect matters, scores would be summed across sex and direction internally by the anova software (or, the problem could be equivalently expressed as a regression model).
As well, this allows for estimation of interaction of sex and distance, or sex and direction. Finally, it's the _only_ way to be able to elicit an estimate of the three-way interaction (sex x distance x direction).
Good luck with your work.
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I am looking for walking data for normal person walking on treadmill. The data of interest are leg joints; hip, knee and ankle joints angle/position data with time taken over a complete cycle or 100% gait cycle for several cycles. Thank you.
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interest
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Hello RG,
I want to start my research in humanoid robots walking properly. Is there any cheap humanoid robot platform that I could use for research? I heard about the UBTech robot, what do you guys think? do not say NAO Robot/Robotis OP2 or 3, they are out of my budget. Thank you
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Unfortunately, there is no cheap alternative, Nonetheless, Promobot claims that it may be beneficial in both households and businesses. The robot costs between $20,000 and $50,000, depending on choices and customization. Join CNBC at the @ Work: People + Machines Summit in San Francisco on November 14 for more on technology, change, and the future of work.
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In my Project Design of Humanoid Robot I would like to simulate human walk. I am familiar with ADAMS but recently came across other softwares like V-Rep and Gazebo.
Could anybody tell me if there is any specific advantage of using ADAMS over V-Rep/Gazebo?
Thank You.
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combination of V-Rep and MATLAB will be perfect
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I need to calculate fold change (and LFC but I know how to do that) manually (in excel) using normalized alignment counts from Partek Flow. I don't want to use DESeq2 or another DEG application. I want to understand the math. I may be a bit masochistic, but can anyone walk me through it?
Thanks much,
Dani
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I am studying walking behavior by agent based modeling. Do you see proper Anylogic software on it? Or another software?
Also, do you know any sample in which analyzed walking behavior by Anylogic?
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Good question, I'm trying to follow the same issue. Maybe you can have a look about this interested courses:
Best Regards,
Luis Cruz
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Your exercise time can be divided into three sections, starting in the first five minutes with warm-up exercise until your body muscles are activated, and then you start walking at relatively fast steps. In the last five minutes, walking should be slow to restore your heartbeat to normal.
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Walking is very good for human health it will protect us from many bad disease, it is better to do it with partner at morning.
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Hallo everyone.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it mandatory to use technology in class. Learners are no longer restricted to the traditional LMS...but we have moved to video conferencing and introduced a lot of social media to the classroom.
I have an interest in this field in Higher education and would like to do a comparative study of private and public universities.
Any one interested in walking this journey with me?
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I am interested too in this topic
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Traditional way people walk into jewellery shop or bank to buy physical gold. Most people Buy or Sell gold for emergency purpose or during a wedding ceremony. How to transform their behaviour to digital investment in the gold platform using mobile phone in a secure way and guide them to invest digital rather than traditional ways to own gold without keeping a physical.
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If the acquisition of gold is for adornment or is related to social traditions such as marriage, then it is very difficult to change that, but if for the purpose of investment, it is possible to change that as in the previous answers.
I totally agree with @Siddhesh Naik's
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Any scale or test to measure toe walking in autism
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Hi,
Some articles of interest to you:
Valagussa G, Trentin L, Signori A, Grossi E. Toe Walking Assessment in Autism Spectrum Disorder Subjects: A Systematic Review. Autism Res. 2018 Oct;11(10):1404-1415. doi: 10.1002/aur.2009
Pomarino D, Ramírez Llamas J, Pomarino A. Idiopathic Toe Walking: Family Predisposition and Gender Distribution. Foot Ankle Spec. 2016 Oct;9(5):417-22. doi: 10.1177/1938640016656780
Schlough K, Andre K, Owen M, Adelstein L, Hartford MC, Javier B, Kern R. Differentiating Between Idiopathic Toe Walking and Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2020 Jan;32(1):2-10. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000659
Vette AH, Watt JM, Lewicke J, Watkins B, Burkholder LM, Andersen J, Jhangri GS, Dulai S. The utility of normative foot floor angle data in assessing toe-walking. Foot (Edinb). 2018 Dec;37:65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2018.07.003
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Sample size calculation for a study is an important step. Please explain stepwise how this is to be done.
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A well-known sample size calculation formula is Andrew Fisher’s Formula, which can be applied through:
  1. Deciding the population size
  2. Specifying the confidence interval.
  3. Defining the confidence level.
  4. Determining the standard deviation
  5. Converting the confidence level into a Z-Score.
For further reading, you might check out the insights in the following relevant books.
Dattalo, P. (2008). Determining sample size. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315493.001.0001
Desu, M. M. (2012). Sample size methodology. Elsevier.https://www.elsevier.com/books/sample-size-methodology/desu/978-0-12-212165-4
Odeh, R. E., & Fox, M. (2019). Sample size choice: Charts for experiments with linear models. CRC Press. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003066798
Verma, J. P., & Verma, P. (2020). Determining sample size and power in research studies: A manual for researchers. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5204-5
Good luck,
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Has anyone implemented or researched neighborhood walking programs for older adults?
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Here is a reference which may be helpful:
Hwang LD, Hurvitz PM, Duncan GE. Cross Sectional Association between Spatially Measured Walking Bouts and Neighborhood Walkability. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Apr 8;13(4):412. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13040412. PMID: 27070633; PMCID: PMC4847074.
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Although there is an excellent quantity of literature on sustainable development and walkability in urban areas, the discussion on urban morphology and the strategies to integrate the principles into the climate-resilient process is still little. As a certain consequence of a climate-responsive urban area, we can expect more people to walk comfortably. There are various strategies to evaluate walkability in urban areas, including the Space Syntax method. Are there any algorithm in Grasshopper to evaluate the three main component os walkability (Permeability, Catchment, and Integration)?
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Usama Badawy Thank you for your comprehensive response
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I have some gait profiles collected. in some cases i observe peak stance angles about 20 degrees and peak swing angles about 60 degrees.
But in some cases, there is little to no stance phase flexion angles, but the swing phase 60 degree remains.
I have trouble understanding if this is an error in the data or is it due to varying walking styles ?
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Dear Mohamed Washeem,
It's completely normal to have flat stance phase with 0 to 2 degrees peak flexion angles for few cases. I have also experienced the same with the NI-Kinect based gait experiment for the children (8-12 yrs) and young adults (19-25 yrs).
I would also like to point out a simple yet interesting fact that even for healthy subjects of same anthromopetric parameters, gait data varies significantly due to differences in walking styles. In few cases, it also depends of the mood of different individuals.
Moreover, the points mentioned by Prof. Jeremy Witchalls about flicking the leg forward is completely logical.
Regards,
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I'm looking to do some IHC/IF staining of X. laevis brains that have been frozen in OCT media for cryosectioning. I understand how to do the cryosectioning, but I am hoping for help/protocols that will assist with the following steps:
- Preparation of Chrom Alum Gelatin-coated slides
(I've had issues with my tissues adhering to the slides before, so my PI suggested this step)
- Antigen retrieval
(Is this step necessary? I'm working with brains that have been fixed in MEMFA (formaldehyde), so I'm not sure if the protocol will require this or how to do it.)
- Immunofluorescence staining of sections once they're on the slides
(Could someone walk me through the best way to add your antibody solutions to the slides without damaging the tissues? Do you prefer a bath that you dip slides into, or do you use a hydrophobic pen to create a barrier and keep the slides in a humidified chamber?)
- Using parafilm to create a barrier instead of a hydrophobic pen
(I've heard of this before, but I'm not sure exactly how to do it, so I would love any tips/visuals/advice anyone might have!)
Thanks so much!
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1- You can use positively charged slides for better attachment. Or you can coat your slides with agents like gelatin or lysin. Both protocols are quite easy to find online and easy to oparate. Also make sure your slides are completely dried before you start.
2- Yes you should perform antigen retrieval since you use a formaldehyde based fixation. For that, you can use enzymes or you can boil your sections in buffer solutions like citrate buffer or tris-EDTA buffer.
I mostly prefer using citrate buffer pH:6.0. Prepare the buffer, put your slides in a challet filled with buffer solution and microvawe for 5 mins (for three times). Let your slides cool down a bit between microvawe sessions.
But if you have some problems with adhesion, you may prefer trypsin for retrieval. You can find the protocol for that in the link: http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/epitope_retrieval/trypsin.htm#:~:text=The%20trypsin%20based%20solution%20is,enhancing%20staining%20intensity%20of%20antibodies.
Note: Since you're working on frozen sections skip first two steps of the protocol. The antigen retrieval step is the 4th step alone.
3- Hydrophobic pen+humidity chamber works fine for me. Mark your sections, drop antibody solutions, place a plastic coverslip onto the section, make sure there's no bubbles on the slide and incubate them in humidity chamber at +4C overnight. Don't worry, if you place coverslip w/o bubbles your sections wont dry out. I use very small amounts of antibody solutions (like 20-30 microliters) and it's working without any problems.
4- I believe if you use parafilm instead of h.phobic pen, the parafilm may melt down in antigen retrieval step. If you don't have a h.phobic pen, you can use a diamond pen or some sharp equipment to scratch the surroundings of the section.
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I have used Vicon Nexus 2 for a walking trials with the lower body plug in gait model. However, the ASCII data exported has a column title Rknee angles and contains angles in X Y Z columns. Is there a way to directly output flexion/adduction/rotation angles instead ? Or am i missing something in the understanding of these XYZ outputs ?
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Dear Dr. Washeem,
Nexus (Plugin Gait - Helen Hayes model) calculates the Euler angles for the 3 joint rotations (Hip and Knee), but it is only possible to view the graphs in this software. Vicon uses Polygon software to generate reports (graphs, images, videos and texts) :
Another option for printing graphs and extracting information is the software Report Generator (Motion Lab Systems Inc) - you can try to evaluate a demo version of the software :
Best Regards,
Wagner de Godoy
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(to better compare subject with each other ...)
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Dear Luca, thanks so much ...
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Hello.
This study had problems in randomization process. Yet, it has added in several MA of RCTs.
Discussing with several researchers, I always heard different opinions about its inclusion or not.
In case it wouldn't affect I2 or the effect size, would you include it in a MA of RCTs?
" At first, we intended to divide participants randomly into 3 groups, each with 20 men and 62 women: no walking training, moderate-intensity continuous walking training, and high-intensity interval walking training. However, a few of the participants were married couples and wanted to join the same group, and others, who lived a distance from an administrative center, wished to be assigned to the interval walking group so that they could visit a local community office nearer their homes."
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Walking Training on Physical Fitness
and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older People
KEN-ICHI NEMOTO, MS; HIROKAZU GEN-NO, PHD; SHIZUE MASUKI, PHD; KAZUNOBU OKAZAKI, PHD; AND HIROSHI NOSE, MD, PHD
Thanks,
Jorge
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My suggestion is pool im as many studies as possible.when we include studies all that we have to see is that the experimental variable has to he presnet in the study.For Cohen Ds calcultaion all we need is the SD mean and sample size of the two group of sMples one control and one experimental be taken.Inclusion in systematic review could be with unpublished work,dissertations,all sorts of journals.This reduces bias in selection of papers
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The world has been locked in fear a long time. Does this demonstrate we have forgotten how to die and that even letting go of our elderly is too hard a task? Should we accept nature's desire for species balance and order?
The effect on our societies may be irreparable. Is it time to walk out against the numerous demons that beset us?
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follow
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Dear Colleagues,
Hope to be in high spirit and healthy situation
We have estimate a model to examine the effective built environment variables on walking trip generation in Stata.
Regarding different commands to calculate the elasticity in the software, I am not sure about my calculation.
I wonder if you could introduce any reference or formula to calculate the elasticity of zero-inflated negative binomial model.
In advance, Thanks for your invaluable comments!
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First, I would like to congratulate of your high-quality paper,
Thanks for your invaluable comment, that was so useful.
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A decade ago, at the Fifth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in Parma, Italy, Member States of the WHO European Region made a commitment “…to provide each child by 2020 with access to healthy and safe environments and settings of daily life in which they can walk and cycle to kindergartens and schools, and to green spaces in which to play and undertake physical activity”. As we are year 2020 actually, Do you know any country that fully reached such a commitment? What do you think about it?
Wishing good health to all of you.
Zydi
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Dear Zydi;
Thank you for your response. For example, Berlin, Aachen and Hamburg in Germany offer every child everyday access to a healthy and safe environment in which they can run and cycle to kindergarten if they want to.
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Hello,
Our lab is working on DNA extraction. We are creating new solutions for a new protocol. Unfortunately when our main CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) stock was stored from last time, someone placed it in our walk in fridge. I understand that it should be stored between 15-30 degrees Celsius. Should we buy new stock, or do you think we could still create new solutions from this stock, and not have it affect our results?
Thanks,
Frank
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Yes you can still use it.
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I have need of coding part of implementation of stick diagram in python. So somebodies guide me from where could i learn it.
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You can check this site. I think this page will help you.
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I am investigating ways of making sculpture using mid to strong grades of hydraulic lime and volcanic rock dust as the main ingredients to make casts from found shoreline objects. .
Over a period of many years I have grown to love and appreciate the Norfolk coastline and I am planning seven walks along some of its shorelines. The first of which began at Holme-Next-the-Sea in Norfolk, UK, where two bronze age wooden 'Sea Henges' or 'monuments' were were discovered. One of which was contraversially unearthed to be preserved.
My interest in lime for the casting process, stems from its lower Co2 emmiting credentials during its manufature and its durability over time when prepared using similar techniques to making Roman Concrete.
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i have not got that far yet and things have got delayed a bit with Covid 19. I am hoping toexperiment with pozzolanic volcanic ash from garden centers (provided it is pure, so far so good). However I am struggling with out access to Fascilities right now. my next unit has been theorized to a large degree and Exhibitions are incresingly on line. I would like to put Sculptural works out there as a kind of Antethesis to everything in the current climate. Sorry for the Slow reply-had quite a lot of things to sort out with works and my course.
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Is there any research that has used this tool to measure the perception of accessibility and walking comfort, and its influence on everyday practices? What is the number of people to interview per street and for how long?
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Following
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My hypothesis is that diagnosing center of pressure on using pedobariagraphy with a goal of normalizing or optimizing the CoP as a treatment goal will eventually in too many cases, via biomechanical compensations driven up the posture, lead to new complaints n=1.
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The literature continues to use center of pressure as the gold standard in pedobariography in spite of the fact that no research has shown that improving the center of pressure on a pressure mat will do anything to improve any issues or the function of the feet and posture in cohorts.
Remember, the center of pressure is a made up value that has inter and intratester flaws.
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I am trying to classify certain simple activities (walking, sitting, standing,cycling)using smartphone (Samsung galaxy s6) by modeling them using convnets. What I am confused about is that some research article just uses raw data and in some papers, the acceleration vector is isolated into additional gravity and linear acceleration vectors via low- and highpass-filters. Moreover, if such isolation is really needed then how to use both parts(linear, gravitational) or gravitational part is discarded?
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Normally the convnets are a type of deep neural nets , so the feature selection is included in the convnet itself , I believe the first part of the net before the fully connected net.
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Walking without shoes is a useful habit that "massages" the feet and thus stimulates brain activity and the growth of additional connections between neurons.
Like young children, when barefoot walking and treading the whole foot, with the front of the foot touching the ground last, walking without shoes is also good for adults to "feel" the ground, the ground at their feet, and therefore themselves. Such a gait is not possible when walking in footwear, especially one with high heels, because at each step it first steps on the heel. That is why barefoot walking is recommended to anyone wherever possible.
The benefit of grounding, as we call direct contact with the Earth's surface, is related to the discovery of the health benefits that occur when we are in contact with the Earth's natural electricity. When the body is grounded, electrons move from Earth to the body, and it greatly reduces the impact of harmful electromagnetic fields on the body.
Barefoot walking allows electrons from the Earth's surface to neutralize free radicals in the human body responsible for many diseases. This creates a markedly positive change in the physiology of the human body, harmonizing and stabilizing basic biological rhythms and thus contributes to many health benefits. Here are some of the highlights:
• In particular, it promotes in children:
- the development of the muscles of the feet and lower legs that form the arches of the feet;
- greater dexterity;
- tight muscles on the soles of the soles;
- less deformed fingers;
- greater strength of the flexor muscles;
- greater ability to spread toes;
- greater flexibility of the hamstring muscles.
• Each step is an exercise of observation: warm-cold, soft-firm, dry-moist…
• Enables natural movement or movement, better foot mobility.
• A sense of whole body connection is provided.
• Bare feet on the move get warm faster.
• Returns "freedom" to the feet.
• Feet are healthy .
• At each step, the load on the whole body is much lighter.
• Improves "poor" posture.
• Longer standing is provided.
• No neck and back pain.
• Provides better immunity.
• Has a strong anti-inflammatory effect.
• Provides better sleep by balancing cortisol levels.
• Helps prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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I have no knowledge about the physical / mechanical act of walking without footwear being benefical or not, but I've read about being barefoot and our bodies reconnecting with the Earth's magnetic field as being a physiological health benefit.
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The mostly adopted pedestrian or cyclist navigation systems are derived from car navigation systems, where the pedestrian is "a car with no wheels, and two feet instead".
This gives a bias from the start, and short-cuts between buildings are rarely considered. The criteria of relatively cleaner air on a path, or more enjoyable sights which may matter to the pedestrian individual are not taken into account.
The minimal path search assumed as optimal may not be the choice which individuals would make, given the opportunity: using the walk to reinforce fitness and exercise (voluntary stairs climb, etc).
The urban versus natural segments may not be considered either among valid options, one would like to be offered.
What would be your criteria for a pedestrian navigation system?
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Good day !
I would like to offer 2 remarks on crowding;
given the succes of more or less active modes, some growding might appear especially on limited capacity linfrastructure, because of convergence (for example a bridge)
1) regarding the travel time, if only a small portion of the itinerary is crowded, this is not very important (example, 10 mn walk on a total communting time of 30 mn, if this is not 10 but 12;, who cares ?) The travel time could be indicated with an intervalle : 8 to 12 mn.
2)According to what has been observed with the Solomon curve (50s) for safety, one of the main concern is the difference of speed, not the speed in itself.. It seems to be the case of lanes with bycicle lane and pedestrian path. . Electric trotin seems to be rather dangerous for all kind sof trafic. One of the somution could be to ban them entirely, in crowded lanes or even, in some municipalities.. But I wonder if this policy would be popular.
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To be clear, apart from the subways, intersections, stairs, are these special tiles used on long walks on the sidewalks in your city?
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There is an online directional aids for patients within our hospital.
They can just go to the following website for clues
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I am interested in using the Broad's Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal to see the correlation between the expression of a particular gene of interest and resistance to a few specific drugs. I was wondering if anyone could walk me through how to do this or alternatively direct me to any tutorials on how to use this interface? Thanks in advance!
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I would write to them before engaging on mining through a crawler (if that is your intention) since some sites such as NCBI provide alternate sites from where one can do bulk downloads(to avoid denying page denial through multiple automated requests). Also, since the site contains publications that may be copyrighted it is advisable to ask for permission first.
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Why is running in Parkinson's disease both possible and have therapeutic effects in contradistinction to walking?
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I think that the attached video link might yield some interesting insights that could be parlayed into controlled investigations if anyone is interested.
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During test of cycle_gate, we ask people to walk, then they pay attention to it and their way of walking is changed, also darkness can change it too.
but that is question, whether mental illness such as depression change the cycle_gate?that could help us to find therapies for these diseases.
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Yes,affects,Of course it affect our cycle_gate. Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects our feels. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.
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I am looking into using visual occlusion methods for a walking task - what are the recommended styles of occlusion glasses for a relatively dynamic task such as this - and are there any recommended suppliers in the UK?
Thanks
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Hi Rita F. de Oliveira , thanks so much for responding (and thank you Milou for passing the question across!).
Thank you for the help and the sign posting, i'll definitely explore these avenues some more! I've thankfully sourced some PLATO glasses now so the methodology examples are super helpful!
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We have measured EMG during walking in two different population, and would like to compare their muscle activity.
While some former studies have used statistical inference (i.e. t-tests for max values), we would like to assess the whole time series. Our aim is to show difference in or near specific events of the gait cycle.
Any advice regarding how to perform a statistical inference for time series? or where should I obtain more information regarding this topic?
Thank you!
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Thank you all for your responses!
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Can someone please let me know something about the Chromosome 10q dupliaction. My daughter was just diagnosed with this, she is 2 years old and doesnt walk or talk yet. She continuously has brain attacks while she sleeps. Her eyes are open and she doesnt breath when the attacks happen. Thank you in advance for your respond.
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thank you very much for your research and your recommendations.
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I want an initial direction, like how can I use IMU sensors on knees (e.g upper leg and lower leg ) to estimate body state e.g running, walking, climbing, etc. The basic idea I have is to use 2 IMU sensors on knee position (upper and lower leg) , and to get data or make a data set of it. Then process it using deep learning e.g CNN or ANN etc. But point is..are there data sets available on which I can test CNN etc to see either it works or not. Need guidance about data sets, from where could I get IMU knee based data sets, so that I can focus on my algorithm only.
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It seems you are trying to solve a classic problem of human activity recognition based on body-worn sensors. A very good starting point for different datasets, mainly based on acceleration only, is this paper:
I wouldnt recommend using a naked CNN for testing. A classic machine learning approach with a proper preprocessing, some good extracted features (e.g. simpe statistical features, PCA or Codebook) and a classification that supports the understanding of the problem (e.g. kNN or SVM). Good luck and have fun trying :).
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I am studying the effects of Habitat (flower diversity) on male/female bee abundance. But I can't really get my head around the statistical approach.
I want to check if there is a difference in abundance of male and female bees, between different habitat types.
Bee male and females are counted in multiple habitats, in three different rounds in the year. For each habitat, an inconsistent amount of transects (samples) (ranging from 10 to 24) are walked and bees are counted.
I thought of using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model for this (because of the repeated survey rounds and possible interaction between males and females), but am not sure how to use it in this case.
Do I need to make a male-female ratio for this analysis? I thought it was better to keep the males and females separated, because then I could test for interaction between them.
What should I do with the different amounts of transects? Can the sample size per habitat be different?
I hope someone can help me out.
Thanks in advance,
Rick
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What species of bee are you referring to?
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I know only this publication on the topic: Kwok BC, et al. BMC Geriatrics 2013;13:23.
Thanks in advance.
Cheers
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i do agree: indeed papers report the context they refer to
best wishes to everybody, MC
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Activeness or amount of activeness depends on each and every person. Some may become active by studying or playing or dancing or chatting or walking etc. In this context, How can you make yourself active? What could be the advantage?
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Have a very long - relaxing sleep - then you will feel - it's the time to do something
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Any scientific discussion invited
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Sorry but I need to understand clearly the question. Do you mean walking vs muscle strengthening (ex. weight lifting) or improvement of bone vs improvement of muscle?
For bones, as Pascale Royer said, the mechanical loading (mostly through the contraction of muscles and the body weight) is the most important trigger of bone remodeling. And both walking and muscle workout cause this loading. So,
- During space flight, the astronauts loose both muscle strength and pressure of body weight
- Walking causes the trigger mainly on lower extremities
- Many kinds of muscle workouts use body weight (even exercises for arms) so theoretically they affect on whole body bone.
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I’m looking for experts in active transportation (walking/cycling), smart cities to have an interview with them for my PhD research project. I live in Australia but they can be from all around the world
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Hi, Negar Nili.
If you would like to work on Smart Sustainable Cities. I know that it's different of your requesting, although, I think that it is interesting, also.
I think you should consider to contact the Professor Simon Elias Bibri (link:
Simon Elias Bibri
), the Professor John Krogstie (link: John Krogstie ),
The Prof. Bibri is one of the most relevant researches on Smart Sustainable Cities. He has written a recent published book (link of the book, you can find it also in the genesis library: https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319739809)
Furthermore, Bibri and Krogstie have the most relevant paper on Smart Sustainable Cities extensive literature review (link of the paper, you can find it also in the sci-hub: ( )
Concerning only Smart Cities, the last reference (the paper of Bibri and Krogstie) has an interesting topic on smart cities, and they distinguish it from smarter cities (other concept, smarter cities are characterized by the omnipresence and ubiquitous ICT on city life activities).
Well, I spoke too much, I love this theme. Sorry. I hope you enjoy it.
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I am planning a study on freezing in patients with Parkinson’s disease. I need basic parameters including and especially time taken to initiate walking.
What is the most affordable way to conduct such gait analysis? Insoles? Affordable gait mats?
Thanks for your response in advance,
Siddharth.
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The cheapest is likely to be either a 2D video camera and free software.
The trouble you will find is placing a camera in the correct location. Using a treadmill is unlikely to be a good move with this patient group, therefore you will need multiple cameras to catch more than a step or two initiation of gait.
You could try an app on a mobile phone, you can either find one that tracks movement or one that streams data via Bluetooth. Most phones have both at least one triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope included, so depending on your skills with signal processing this could be a reasonably cheap approach.
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What percentage or how many minutes of a healthy human's day is spent on different biomechanical activities such as sitting, standing, walking, lying and so on?
in case of load analysis
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This article studied a 12h period of THA patients' daily activities.
In this case, HIP98 compact disk also has valuable data.
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I am looking for a reliable algorithm to detect gait events in patients with moderate to severe gait impairments. Whereas some existing algorithms work satisfactorily in good to moderate walkers (e.g. Zeni-Algorithm for kinematic analysis), they are often prone to errors in patients with more pathological gait patterns. Force/pressure-based methods are considered the gold standard for automated gait detection, however, they are not really feasible during free overground walking.
Can anybody recommend an algorithm for robust detection of gait events during treadmill and overground walking in patients with severe gait pattern deviations?
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great, thanks for the hint. Looking forward to seeing the results of the mentioned paper.
Best regards,
Linard
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Hi,
I would like to use pedestrian and bicycle on the same walkway on the simulation model in VISSIM. I have already created a model on VISSIM where I input both pedestrian and bi-cycle as a pedestrian with the default walking behavior. However, the bicycle riders do not show real-world behavior like they do not overtake the pedestrian most of the time, and they move behind the pedestrian. I would like to introduce the real-world experience like bicyclist will wait a few seconds behind the pedestrian, then safely overtake. Also, the pedestrian would move closer to the edge of the sidewalk to give way for the bicyclist.
How may I do that?
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Hi Maria, thank you for your comment. I have visited your blog and the youtube videos. If you don't mind, may I have your email address?
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The above conclusion comes from examining the Doppler Equation and reformulating it.
The same conclusion comes from following the laws of Nature: nothing remains constant or lasts forever.
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It is good to start the discussion by showing the physical interpretation of Doppler equations. A brief and precise abstract to describe this phenomenon is appreciated.
Best regards
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I am new to western blotting and am practicing the procedure up till the transfer step (I'm good after that step). After the electrophoresis step I take a look at the total protein on the gel, and the attached image is what I get every time; not many bands, and this weird diffusion of the signal into nothing towards the bottom. I've been walked through a western by a very experienced researcher before and the total protein results were very clean and clear, so I know what is possible with my samples.
Can anyone tell me what I might be doing wrong??
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Thanks for your answers guys! I haven't been able to test this yet but I found out my lysis buffer had 10% NP-40, and it was only supposed to have 1%. Whoops!
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Hi all,
As technology advances researchers are beginning to use virtual reality to assess behaviors that are otherwise difficult to observe or unethical to test in the real world. However, one of the drawbacks of VR is the novel aspect of being in a VR world/headset. This novelty might influence the variables of interest. While obviously nothing will completely get rid of the novelty influence (other than repeated exposure) by allowing participants to experience various VR stimuli before the study began, I suggest we may reduce it. Unfortunately, this may also influence the variable of interest as well. For example, I myself was participating in a study and was fixated on "looking around" the virtual world that I missed some educational information from the narrator (which was part of the outcome variable). Thus I propose two thoughts/questions:
1) Is it worth introducing a low level VR stimuli before the study begins to reduce novelty and thus increase realism, or does this introduce a new confound
2) If it is worth it what type of VR stimuli should be used (e.g. just a simple nature walk or walking around a VR 'home') .
Any discussion/advice would be helpful!
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This is a very interesting question, which can only be answered by experimental research. A lot depends on what novelty you want to reduce. If the novelty is from the headset, then probably the stimulation can be any. However, it is desirable that the methods of interaction with the virtual environment completely repeat those that will be used in the main study. The same interface, the same controllers, etc. If we are talking about the novelty of the VR world, the virtual environment should fully repeat or experimental or to be like her.
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Is it possible to know if a gesture is controled volontarly or automaticaly, or partialy automaticaly? Is there a difference for this assesment between a single gesture and a cyclic activity like walking?
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For motor behavioural test you can follow this
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Looking for any papers that look at the use of ellipticals and knee stresses/kinetics alone and/or relative to walking/jogging.
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Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 2012. 83, No. 2
Peak Muscle Activation, Joint Kinematics, and Kinetics During Elliptical and Stepping Movement Pattern on a Precor Adaptive Motion Trainer
Matthew J. Rogatzki et al. is a more recent article. I hope this helps
-Paul
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I am looking for an approved cardiac rehabilitation program (walking program) to integrate into my research project.
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Thank you ! My self-management intervention has cognitive self-management components-relaxation, guided imagery, positive thinking And risks factors reduction. I am looking for an approved standardized Walking program for refractory angina to add to my program.
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The mind wanders and the body? Are there activities that are associated to mind wandering?
Here is a potential list.
· Doodling.
· Colouring in.
· Walking and other sports such as running where attention is not the main focus.
· Kicking stones.
· Sky gazing.
· Hair twitching.
· Flying a kite.
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Sky gazing
Best Regards Holly B. F. Warren
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I am making a humanoid robot where smooth walking is a challenging work. I have done the basic walking, but I should make it more smoother. Obviously, sensors like Gyroscope and Accelerometer are helpful to perform this task. Which of these sensors should I use?
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Accelerometer alone should be more than enough for such task as it has been used widely in activity recognition studies. If I were you, I would start with the accelerometer only and collect data from experiments to what you consider "smooth walking" for your robot. You could also try extracting time/ frequency features from the accelerometer data and use that to compare between desirable vs undesirable walking.
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Is it possible to measure COP of a single leg using a force plate to identify stability during walking.
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It is possible if you have a dynamometric force plate,but not on a piezoelectric plate. But you have to measure one foot and after the other foot in two different tests. And it is easier to measure the COP on a balance test than in a walking test.
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Hi
I'm conducting an exercise intervention with office workers. The intervention will include Yoga classes and one to one coaching. I will be looking at the effects of the intervention on two dependent variables: 1.walking
2. the amount of time workers spend standing.
I have a control group and a treatment group. Walking data will be measured using pedometers, and standing time will be measured using a self-report questionnaire.
Am I right in thinking that a two-way unrelated ANOVA is needed to test for difference between the groups?
Thanks in advance
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MANOVA is also a good option and the you see the interactions between variables.
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We are usually told to take a 15 minutes nap after lunch and a walk after dinner. How long after taking meals one should take a nap or walk? Should we walk briskly or leisurely after meals? Should it be a short walk or a long one? Walk before a meal helps burn more calories or walk after meals? How long should we walk before and after a meal?
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Dear Bisma, maybe the following papers will help you on the subject:
Hijikata Y, Yamada S. Walking just after a meal seems to be more effective for weight loss than waiting for one hour to walk after a meal. Int J Gen Med 2011;4:447-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119587/pdf/ijgm-4-447.pdf
Reynolds AN, Mann JI, Williams S, Venn BJ. Advice to walk after meals is more effective for lowering postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus than advice that does not specify timing: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia 2016;59:2572–2578. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00125-016-4085-2.pdf
Pahra D, Sharma N, Ghai S, Hajela A, Bhansali S, Bhansali A. Impact of post-meal and one-time daily exercise in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017;9:64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580296/pdf/13098_2017_Article_263.pdf
Have a good walking day, Martin
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Hi everyone
I am working on a 7 segment model of the human body to simulate a walking gait cycle (3 segments for each leg and 1 segment for upper limb).
I have a problem with this model. The order of knee and ankle joints follows the reported orders in standard data (less than 150 N.m in each one of the joints). But the order of Hip joint in each leg is much more than what I have expected. This torque value is about 600-700 N.m.
I wanted to know has anyone faced with the same problem and how should to resolve it?
Regards.
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Hi Akbar
Your results are highly dependent on the degrees of freedom definition. For instance, if you don't personnlize the axis of rotation of the knee, you may have unaccurate values. More particularly for moment which are computed with forces lever arms. How do you define this axis of rotation? Is it constant ?
And, if you wish to better understand your results you should have a look to the decomposition of the joint moment, more particularly for hips (abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation moments). Or you could compute joint energies and powers.
Even if walking movement is mainly included into the saggital plane, some interesting information may be measured in the other ones.
And, depending on your objective you may also define the upper limbs. More particularly if at last, you would like to estimate muscle force production.
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I am seeking advice and resources that can help me educate business professionals in learning how to think using a theoretical lens.
For the summer, I am a extern at a corporation. In our meetings, people make contradicting suggestions and recommendations, but are somehow both accepted. My grad school training in counseling psychology, which is heavy on theory and philosophy, had me scratching my head and wonder why conflicting ideas were both accepted.
I briefly spoke with my supervisor about my observation. I walked her through my thinking and we 'walked out' the two ideas where she clearly saw the disconnect. She passed the results of our discussion along and now I have been asked to give a presentation on this process -- thinking in theoretical terms, understanding one's theoretical lens, and so forth.
Your help would be greatly appreciated.
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Dear Justin Zamora,
Your question is "I have been asked to give a presentation on this process -- thinking in theoretical terms, understanding one's theoretical lens, and so forth".
My take (Link to open & proceed):
Being practicing psychiatrist & psychotherapist I often deal with such situations, difference in your & that of mine is, your are an observer at present & I'm an established expert. So I think degree of resistance to accept theoretical concepts from you or from me differs, like resistance for me is mostly 'subtle' & for you it could be 'overt/obvious'. But resistance to accept or resistance to change one's own thoughts is found everywhere. Is it not okay?
I declare my stand first saying that their views or point of views if differ from theoretical terms then I myself respect and may at times accept their views, but world or renowned experts may not. Why? Because their 'suggestions or recommendations cannot rule out of possibility of being personal or subjective suggestions'. And personal views cannot be applied universally. Is it not?
So what do one does? Do you want your recommendations to be accepted universally & unanimously?
If you really do, then you got to "change" something.
But you may not be willing to 'change', because no one wants to change. Am i correct? What do think sir? (pointing out some one, gentle looking person).
Now, may be, some of you may rethink tomorrow, and if someone does then, here is an idea or suggestion, not really my own, but stalwarts/my Guru/Holy teacher (whatever you may choose to say) have often said so. Can I share it with you all?
Pause.
Do you want me go ahead & explain? How many among you really think so, let's see for fun. Would you mind? (Small pause to watch reactions & face reading of audiences).
If you observe them listening or half listening, then start a discussion by throwing question to all or any specific person whom you find listening with interest. Question you may pose with like, "I want to understand what is real meaning of learning, de-learning & re-learning?". Make this discussion live and interactive with the help of soft skills of communication and leadership you have acquired till now.
I am sure you must have. What do you think? -------
Dear justin, this is a link I thought of putting in front of you. I am sure you will complete it further.
Principle: Without strong base of theory no practical or physical endeavor can succeed. Many people say, 'practical experience & theoretical explanation differ a lot', is a MYTH. BEWARE of it.
sorry for dribbling this message a bit long. Hope my take make some sound sense to you and simplify your process of presentation.
Offer me you critical feedback if you have one. It will really help me.
Thanks, good luck.
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When doing gait analysis, are there any criteria for a "standard" surface to walk on? In other words, what features from the surface would affect gait, and in what ways? I suspect this might be critical for subjects who already have problems with walking, but am not sure what exactly to look out for. It'll be nice to have some advice from you.Thank you!
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Hi, Lin
In addition to the propose of M.Thomas James Cutlerand and M.Karl Siebertz, and depending to my experience during project of my thesis with the elderly, I found
The type of the surface is depending to the purpose of analyzing the gait variables, type of sample ( e.g, elderly, children ....etc) ,and the most important , to select surface required that does not affect on the variables that will be measured, flat as possible and confortable for the participants (no risk .....etc), all this if the experiences will be at grounded also is depended on the materials and devices , in below an article could be interest for you
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Disabled people are considered under WHO recommandations for daily physical activity, but standard measures used for healthy people could them really be used at the same for disabled ?
In other way, for example, for a femoral amputee, walking at 4m/s speed is it under 3 MET (very low level activity) or over (low activity)?
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Emmanuelle Cugy Firstly, physical activity guidelines expressed using Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs) are not useful for the general public. The concept of METs is difficult to understand and few people are familiar with it. It is really challenging for the public to know the MET values for any/all the activities they do.
Secondly, The energy consumption in people with limb amputation would be certainly much higher for amputees. To my knowledge METs values and disability have not been worked on very much. See systematic review
Metabolic costs of activities of daily living in persons with a lower limb amputation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30893346
Thirdly, there has been some work on METs and paraplegia which may help guide you.
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Where I live there is a large park that has a picnic/barbecue facility that can be freely used and is mostly used by people from the local area (upper middle class) living within walking distance of the park. Some users of the facility invariably leave their garbage on or around the picnic table even though there’s a garbage bin right at the facility.
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I think your hesitation is perfectly reasonable. However, I consider it a straightforward example because, originally coming from "the Global South," I have observed countless times how littering often renders land and water resources both as unusable, to live in or even live near to. For people who are at subsistence level incomes and with governments who cannot pay for clean-up, it is a tragedy.
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In addition to my own experience with patients having torsion dystonia, I have come across mention of two patients whose ambulation forward was quite impacted, while walking in reverse was absolutely normal.Are there any other disorders where this has been observed?
Bill Jankel
Grand Canyon University
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Thats the problem. I believe they are still alive. They had been treated with
Parsidol and Tegretal for the co-contractions so I am trying to reverse engineer starting with the diagnosis and then looking at a possible stereochemical clue to indicate the possible network and structures involved and how they could induce the co-contraction state. I'm tracking down a copy of the Pathology of the midbrain reticular system and a copy of the Cerebellum in movement.
I started in the era of "Foringer" boards and multi-pole switches to run lab equipment, and wonder if if similar, multi-stimuli, or multi inhibitory activation may also be a clue. I already have sleep EEG's on these patients as well as applied behavioral analysis for a number of behaviors. But the gait disruption, in only one direction, seems to be a lead that should be followed. Thank you for your response.
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The importance of analyzing the human walking gives huge information about the status of the human body. It represents the status of the neurological human system giving orders from the brain through the spinal cord and nerves, to move our limbs in a synchronized way using the muscles, bones, ligaments in an specific order to obtain the human displacement required, indicating a way to detect human movements disorders.
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I think there are many ways in which one could respond to you question, Jorge Garza-Ulloa , one viewpoint I would consider is related to the incumbent equations/models that may be used to theorize gait. this paper by Kuo and Donelan gives some nice information throughout the article, and demonstrates the idea of the inverted pendulum (and similar) models of human gait. I'm not sure how far that goes to answer your question, but hopefully helps in some small way. Best wishes, Cain
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What do you know about "Stamped concrete"?what are the challenges make it no to be used instead of concrete blocks in walking ways ,garages,yards,etc.?
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Stamped concrete lacks durability.
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You can agree or not with this article, but I am sharing it to highlight few points for considerations:
  1. How can an oil and gas company or a water intensive company (beverage company) be ranked high in sustainability. Someone may say why not if these companies are generating 100% renewable energy and recycling 100% its waste. Then I say the problem is in the definition of what make a sustainable company and sustainable business model.
  2. Should the ESG criteria for investing be similar in all markets? If we assume beverage companies are OK to operate in countries with plenty of water, this does not mean this company should operate in countries where people walk for 3-10 kilometres to get water?
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I was careful to define sustainability purely in terms of a process, not try to give an overall definition of sustainability. Since there are so many areas to which the word is not being applied, mainly for marketing or propaganda purposes, I really don't see that you can ever arrive at a universal and universally agreed definition. You would have to create individual definitions of "sustainable X" where X can be almost anything.
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Different physical activities influence the glucose uptake of cells inside the body. For example, If a person is running his glucose uptake by the cells is increased resulting in decrease in glucose level inside blood stream.
Is there any concrete relationship between the physical activity and glucose level dynamics?
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I would assume that re-distribution of blood flow, number of muscles actively engaged, and body position may have some influence on glucose uptake in different activities at the same intensity - but I'll look into this for you in more detail.
Regards,
Matt