Vitamins - Science topic

There are so many types of vegetarianisms !

The breakdown of the oily vitamins or the oxidation of vitamin C may be generating CO₂ as a byproduct, especially if the solution is exposed to light, heat, or oxygen. Here are a few strategies to mitigate this issue:

Use Antioxidants: Incorporating antioxidants like tocopherols (vitamin E) or ascorbyl palmitate can slow the oxidation of vitamin C and the oily vitamins, reducing CO₂ buildup.

Modify Storage Conditions: Store the solution in a cooler, dark environment to reduce the rate of oxidation. Light and heat can accelerate the decomposition of vitamins, leading to gas formation.

Improve Container Sealing: Consider using containers with better gas-permeability control. Some modified polypropylene containers or those with gas-permeable membranes might allow slow release of CO₂, preventing pressure buildup.

Buffered Formulation: Adjusting the pH with a suitable buffer could stabilize the vitamin C, reducing its decomposition into CO₂. However, ensure the buffer is compatible with both vitamin C and the oily vitamins.

Use Amber or Opaque Containers: These can help protect the solution from light-induced degradation, reducing the risk of gas formation.

In short, vitamin C plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. It helps stimulate the production and function of white blood cells, which are important for fighting infections. It also enhances the skin's barrier function and may improve the effectiveness of other immune responses...Vitamin C has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation in the body. This can be beneficial for conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, such as arthritis... Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (the type of iron found in plant-based foods). It converts iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body, which is particularly important for individuals who follow vegetarian or vegan diets... Vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine. This process is important for brain function and mood regulation. Some studies suggest that adequate Vitamin C levels may support cognitive function and mental health.

Go to google scholar and put your question in the search bar and see if you can find articles that are similar to what you are trying to do.

This is one article that came up when I searched your question. Also if you have access to a library see if you can get their assistance in sending you articles related to your research question.

[PDF] academia.edu

Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E

P Prieto, M Pineda, M Aguilar - Analytical biochemistry, 1999 - Elsevier

… trations were determined spectrophotometrically on the basis … immediate use in HPLC or spectrophotometric determinations… vitamin E determination in seeds was based on the analysis…..

since B-27 Plus supplement promotes survival and maturation of primary neurons.

The alkaline environment during saponification in a cold process may affect the bioactive properties of natural powder extracts. Some antioxidants and vitamins may be sensitive to high pH levels, potentially leading to a reduction in their effectiveness. It's advisable to consider the specific botanicals and their chemical compositions to better understand how they might respond to alkaline conditions. Additionally, adjusting formulations or incorporating antioxidants post-saponification could help preserve their beneficial properties.

They are pharmaceutically combined as a pill. They can only be seperated related to Analytic Pharmacy but by very expansive lab procedures in pharmacy labs of some universities and in pharmaceutical production companies.

Dear,thank you

Hi Atchara, My name is Eilysh and I am a Product Manager at STEMCELL Technologies.

Thank you for your question. To collect plasma for further analysis, use SepMate as instructed and then pipette off as much plasma as required after centrifugation.  Please remember to pipette off the plasma before pouring the sample containing PBMCs into a new tube. Learn more about the protocol here: https://www.stemcell.com/products/brands/sepmate.html.

I hope this helps! If you have any more questions, feel free to email us at techsupport@stemcell.com.

Kind regards, Eilysh

If you suspect your nutrition mix is degraded, best to replace it with a fresh supply. If something "interesting" happens with the experiment, you'd better be ready to replicate it, and a fermented vitamin mix doesn't sound very reproducible.

Hey Eva are these images taken after isolation or after you plated them? The crystallization is due to mannitol and also sucrose. But you are adding 9% mannitol and also sucrose so it may lead to more crystallization. But mannitol can be reduced to 8%. Anyways I have also started this work 4 weeks before all the best .

Proper bacterial type specific agars can be used...

Hello Jos,

Thanks for the answer. We have thought of using plastic stoppers however, we also use organics such as chloroform which do not readily enjoy plastics.

People who are overweight or have obesity appear to show a blunted response to vitamin D supplementation compared with normal weight individuals in a new analysis of a randomized trial.

Another distinction might be concentration for endogenous substances like hormones and levels for exogenous materials like drugs.

Combining feed enzymes, minerals, and probiotic microbes can have positive effects on the growth and health of aquatic animals, as each component plays a different role in supporting their nutrition and gut health.

Probiotic microbes are live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host. They help to improve gut health, nutrient utilization, and disease resistance. Feed enzymes, on the other hand, are proteins that break down complex nutrients in feed into simpler forms that can be more easily digested and absorbed by the animal. Minerals are essential nutrients that play important roles in various physiological processes, such as bone formation, enzyme activation, and nerve function.

When combining these three components, it is important to consider the specific needs and characteristics of the aquatic animal species, as well as the production environment and feeding conditions. In general, a balanced composition of feed enzymes, minerals, and probiotic microbes can be achieved through a combination of the following steps:

Overall, combining feed enzymes, minerals, and probiotic microbes can be an effective way to improve the efficiency of aquatic animal production, but it requires careful consideration of the specific needs and characteristics of the target species and the production environment.

You may want to check this related RG query:

Did not understand if you use the ready MS, one can buy, or you prepare the MS by stock solutions?

Because you pointed to the FeEDTa.

If you prepare this as stock solution together with CuSO4, then you have to cook it! Only then you get the right Fe-solution. You have to wait until the color is changing from light yellow tow dark yellow. Then let cool and fill up.

Considering the header: are standards needed: yes. ESI is a chemical source and its results will depend on the chemistry of the sample, thus quantitation without internal standards by comparing the signals from a sample to one with a standard can be considerable (factor 10) off. The closer the IS is to the analyte the better it will compensate. Thus 13C labelled compounds are good as long as they have more than three labeled atoms in the molecule (to ensure to be outside normal C isotorpe clusters). Deuterated molecules are also fine (as long as it is ensured that the D is having a stable C-D bond and it is not exchanging such as the H in and OH bond.

At low pH values.

A severe deficiency of vit D (below 25 nmol/L 25OH vit D3 in serum or plasma) causes loss of muscle strenght.

For athletes the optimum lies above 75 nmol/l, maybe even above 100 nmol/L being the natural status in rural living African people.

Read our publication about vit D and professional soccer players :

Do Professional Soccer Players have a Vitamin D Status Supporting Optimal Performance in Winter time?

Vander Slagmolen et al., J Sports Med Doping Stud 2014, 4:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000138

Soil vitamin or nutrients? please specify what you want to analyze

.

Morning time

Kindly check the following RG link, it includes many valuable peer opinions and resources that may be very useful in relation to this discussion:

I hope this article link help you.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/955674.

Your responses are welcomed,

May be.

Hi there Mahdi Ebadi,

Most vitamins (if not all of them) are degraded under high temperatures. I strongly recommend you start using filters with 0.22-micrometer pores. Perhaps you could prepare a stock solution, sterilize and distribute it in small flasks and keep them in a domestic freezer. Add them to the culture medium after it autoclave and temperatures around 50-60 ºC.

I know it is time-consuming, but your results would be secure.

You can check this: https://www.nrv.gov.au/introduction for more information

Vitamins are of great help in growth of fishes. I have worked in formulating fish feed and have added vitamins after the protocol of heating, boiling etc, so that vitamins are not denatured in the process and are available to fish through formulated feed

Also check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4458075/

Also check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507821/

Check https://edepot.wur.nl/420032

f/2 is typically a seawater medium and Scenedesmus and Chlorella are freshwater algae - that is likely the problem.

Kindly chek the following link:

I was having difficulty isolating tobacco leaf protoplasts.

Then I followed this protocol, which worked nicely.

Following isolation and purification, all that remains is to visualize under a microscope.

According to the Indian Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 & Rules thereunder 1945 overages of vitamins, Enzymes and antibiotics are acceptable.

Please note the following requirement under Schedule V of this act & Rules.

"STANDARDS FOR PATENT OR PROPRIETARY MEDICINES:

The content of active ingredients, other than vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics, in patent or proprietary medicines shall be not less than 90 per cent and not more than 110 per cent of the labelled content; however, for enzymes and vitamins, only for lower limit of 90 per cent shall apply. In all dry formulations containing antibiotics, the limit shall be 90 to 130 per cent of the labelled contents and in case of liquid antibiotic formulations, the limit shall be 90 to 140 per cent of labelled contents."

This clearly indicates that there is no higher limit of assay content of vitamins and enzymes with respect to the labelled amount. It all depends upon the stability of the vitamins and enzymes formulations stability profile until specified shelf life.

Kindly check the following link that may be useful:

Thank you for your nice question. There are several ways for the extraction of fat and water soluble vitamins. You may visit the following link:

file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/molecules-23-01484.pdf

The dietary intervention of various in situ vitamins producing LAB is a benign approach to overcome such deficiency. The use of such microorganisms is also an economically viable alternative to fortification with chemically synthesized pseudo-vitamins. This indeed allows the production of foods with enhanced levels of vitamins that are rare to cause side effects. Cobalamin is most preferably produced by industrial microbial fermentation, as chemical synthesis is very costly. However, cheap agro-byproducts are most preferable as raw materials for such fermentations. A whey-based liquid medium has been utilized for the production of vitamin B12 from Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2067. The identification of biosynthesized vitamins from natural or over-expressed LAB strains can assess by spectrophotometrically and chromatographic (HPLC) techniques depending on the type of vitamins. Kindly check the following RG link:

Combined analysis of Fat Soluble and Water Soluble vitamin analysis (at low concentrations like in plant samples) by HPLC is rather difficult. Please check this review. https://www.chempap.org/file_access.php?file=593a202.pdf

Or do mean a combined work up, with separate analysis for FS and WS ?

Also check http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/003/w3732e/w3732e02.pdf

You should use culture medium with serum. The purpose of in vitro experiments is to mimic as much as possible in vivo conditions. Therefore, by adding serum you provide food/energy for cells to survive. Otherwise, if you culture them without any serum then you will face with the situation that all cell should dye, no matter if you add or not any concentration of vitamin D3. Id vitamin D3 has inhibitory potential in cancer cells that will be visible if you add serum in the cell culture medium.

a book specializing in food circles

Also check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338447756_Health_Benefits_of_Micronutrients_Vitamins_and_Minerals_and_their_Associated_Deficiency_Diseases_A_Systematic_Review

Also, see the RG link below.

Dear all,

Thank you very much for providing feedback on this very important question for human beings.

Vitamin D deficiency increases the severity of COVID-19.

“Caution should be taken with vitamin D dosages, for people with or without diabetes,” “The standard dosage is 400 IUs per day, but for those with diabetes, the current recommended safe daily dose to maintain optimal vitamin D levels is 1,000 to 2,000 IUs per day.” https://www.healthline.com/health-news/vitamin-d-may-diminish-risk-of-t2d

It depends on quantity of consumption. Low consumption of carbohydrates affect body weight.

Also check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537771/

There is much confusion about 'high doses' vit D and vit C. Deficinecy is a risk factor for many diseases including COVID, but wat is sufficient and what is optimal regarding prevention.

For both vitamins it is very hard to take an overdose. A recent overview of the association of vitamin D levels with COVID is given by Benskin in Frontiers of Public Health entitled A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence that COVID-19 Risk and Severity is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency

No.

Dear Sirwe,

you posted an interesting question. In my opinion, the observed phenomenon could be a vitamin-induced negative feedback; since you provided such nutrient by introducing it in medium, algae could have down-regulated its synthesis.

Best,

Dave

Oh, I see Devidas Bhagat . There is a direct link. Thanks a lot!

Any Scientist working in this sector kindly share your knowledge.

There is insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of B complex in the treatment of COVID-19.

There can be two things, first the virus that you use is not virulent enough to infect all the Vero cell. Second, it might be possible that the cells produce interferon alpha resulting in antiviral effect for neighboring cells.

Thank you for your answer! Meanwhile, I have also tried to use a pitched blade agitator and it is doing the work (the total suspension volume is only around 7 L). It can even easily resuspend sedimented starch, in case the stirring is not active all the time.

https://www.intechopen.com/books/probiotics-and-prebiotics-in-human-nutrition-and-health/biosynthesis-of-vitamins-by-probiotic-bacteria

Agree with dear colleagues and friends , only would to add: Eating plenty of veggies: " especially green leafy vegetables"is a great way to help our bodies to being detoxified naturally . Specially Alkaline veggies which help detoxify the body.

it will probably work. However, it is quite expensive as other people have pointed out. I suggest you try CSM mixtures used for saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have used them with success for e.coli atleast and should be easier than making minimal media in which you have to add everything individually (also you have the convenience of using mixtures that have single, double, triple dropouts etc..) .

Sheraz M A, Ahmed S, Ahmad I, Shaikh R H, Vaid F, Iqbal K. Formulation and stability of ascorbic acid in topical preparations. Syst Rev Pharm 2011;2:86-90

Natural vitamins are nutritionally superior to synthetic ones.

You can use these articles:

DOI : 10.4155/tde.13.104

What about the population... were they receiving any supplements ?

There are three most possible routs for vitamine take up by fish during immersion:

1. Through the soft tissues lining mouth cavity

2. Via gill lamillae during respiration process where large volume of blood became in direct contact with flowing water.

3. Through the limited quantities of water which ingested into the digestive system by drinking.

All methods for dietary intake have their own problems. As weighed food diaries give the most precise data short-term, they don't work very well for nutrients and food groups that have big variation in intake and in those cases FFQ usually gives better data. As you say, 7-day food diary is a precise methos and much better than 3-day diary, but it means a lot of work for the study participants, and reporting bias increases. On the other hand, vitamin B compounds are found in many different foods, and in thus 3-day food diary might give relatively good estimate of intake.

Maybe this systematic review could be helpful? https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7cc1/b80e52eb152f6aaa4d1a5e58979718f2ee12.pdf

@ Ashique Ali Arain

Vitamin B17 or amygdalin (also known as laetrile) naturally found in seeds of apples, apricots, peaches, plums etc is actually not a vitamin because it is not needed by humans, and has no role in metabolism. There is no any role of vitamin B17 in cancer development. However, it is claimed that vitamin B17 is useful in prevention and treatment of cancer, but the role of vitamin B17 in cancer prevention and cancer treatment is not yet scientifically proven.

Thanks!

If you are use to R software, the package called "agricolae" do the mean classification with letters so easily.

Hi,

maybe you will find those articles interesting:

there is a mention about the pH variation and general acidification at room temperature which you should not experience if the temperature is around 4° C.

The second article suggests the use of MES for stabilizing pH level.

Best

Yes you can perform FTIR for liquid samples however if you are verifying the vitamins encapsulated in matrix by FTIR is wrong. FTIR will give you details about compatibility with API and excipients. I would suggest you to perform entrappment efficiency in order to verify vitamins that are encapsulated in it.

thank you very much

Hello, kindly look for the usage of microtracers, colored iron particles, to determine the homogeneity of the feed additive on the mixers. There are a lot of articles that can be used as your protocol reference. This, in turn, can measure if your vitamins, even in smaller amounts, are evenly spread to your entire batch.

Yes, low levels of vitamin D are associated with depression, schizophrenia and seasonal affective disorder. Please see the following RG links and PDF attachment.