Viscoelastic Substances - Science topic

We introduce PhysGaia, a novel physics-aware dataset specifically designed for Dynamic Novel View Synthesis (DyNVS), encompassing both structured objects and unstructured physical phenomena. Unlike existing datasets that primarily focus on photorealistic reconstruction, PhysGaia is created to actively support physics-aware dynamic scene modeling. O...

The overall response of asphalt concrete under a subjected load is governed not only by the properties of its constituents but also by the interactions among them. In this paper, we focus on the numerical analysis of aggregate debonding, which is typically a phenomenon that precedes crack initiation. The interfacial transition zone plays a crucial...

Backgrounds Creep of composite restorations is affected by their exposure to oral fluids. This study sought to assess the effect of media (water and 75% ethanol) and time storage on creep and compressive strength of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Methods Twenty-five samples (4 × 6 mm) were fabricated of X-tra fil (bulk-fill) and Estelite S...

This study investigates the effects of loading rate on the viscoelastic constitutive behavior of 3D-printed discontinuously carbon fiber-reinforced open-cell foams. A new viscoelastic constitutive model is developed and implemented as a VUMAT in ABAQUS. Through uniaxial compression experiments (0.1–500 mm/min) and computational analyses of Kelvin f...

Purpose Diagnosing plastic deformation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is challenging: patients may not report knee instability, and MRI may not confirm the lesion, delaying adequate treatment. This study analyzed clinical findings and complaints in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of plastic deformation of the ACL. Methods Data on comp...

For decades, extensive surfactant libraries have been developed to meet the requirements of downstream applications. However, achieving functional diversity has traditionally demanded a vast array of chemical motifs and synthetic pathways. Herein, a new approach for surfactant design based on structural isomerism is utilised to access a wide spectr...

When constructing tunnels in rheological rocks, the rock creep continuously increases the support structure load. At the same time, due to the influence of the existing environment, shotcrete also undergoes creep, which leads to a complex mechanical mechanism between structures and surrounding rock. Existing research findings only analyze the above...

Objectives Repeated gripping with high grip forces and high rates of grip force development are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. As the nerve's adaptive ability is crucial to prevent disease progression, we investigated how these risk factors influence median nerve deformation and displacement over the time course of a repeated pinch grip t...

The displacements and the stresses for postseismic deformation (PSD) at an arbitrary point induced by a long inclined dip-slip fault of finite width embedded in a homogeneous, elastically isotropic (HEI) half-space are obtained. The coseismic deformation field is represented by the elastic solution and the PSD is found on subtracting the elastic so...

Searching for renewable raw materials that would comply with the requirements of Green Chemistry and the assumptions of sustainable development is an ongoing and important problem. In the present article, an attempt was made to obtain biopolyols from selected solid plant fats, i.e., babassu, cocoa, coconut, mango, palm, or shea oil. In the research...

This study investigates the development of a novel CO2-foamed viscoelastic gel-based fracturing fluid to address the challenges of high-temperature formations. The influence of various parameters, including surfactant type and concentration, gas fraction, shear rate, water salinity, temperature, and pressure, on foam viscosity was systematically ex...

The large deformation and strong rheological characteristics of the underground rock body under complex geological conditions have led to the failure of the support system and even the instability of tunnels from time to time. Based on the theory of groundwater seepage, the elastic solution of the mechanical model of the tunnel anchorage support sy...

The growing demand for viscoelastic polyurethane foams creates a need for new sustainable raw materials that support cost-effective production while maintaining the desired material performance and fire safety standards. In this regard, our study aimed to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foam composites with reduced flammability and a high proport...

This study experimentally investigates the effects of viscoelastic dilute aqueous polyethylene oxide solutions on the water entry of spheres. The solutions are modified to manipulate viscoelastic properties which influence cavity dynamics and the behavior of the Worthington jet. The effects of viscoelasticity and impact velocity are quantified usin...

The generation process and behavior of non-Newtonian viscoelastic vortex rings generated with a piston cylinder apparatus are studied through fluorescent dye visualizations. The generalized Reynolds numbers targeted by this study are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \...

Semi-flexible polyelectrolytes are a group of biopolymers with a wide range of applications from drag reducing agents in turbulent flows to thickening agents in food and cosmetics. In this study, we investigate the rheology of aqueous solutions of xanthan gum as a canonical semi-flexible polyelectrolyte in steady shear and transient extensional flo...

Objective: To identify preventive measures using support surfaces for patients at risk of pressure injury according to the Munro scale. Method: Retrospective cohort study based on a review of 11,708 electronic medical records from January to December 2022. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, with p<0.05...

This study delves into the phenomenon of air cavity formation resulting from sphere-liquid impacts, a subject of enduring scientific interest with broad interdisciplinary applications. The actual cavity and air bubble volumes following cavity rupture are for the first time measured and analyzed, in correlation with the thinning of the air filament....

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used in esthetic medicine and are categorized into biphasic and monophasic types based on their manufacturing processes. To evaluate the quality of these fillers, it is essential to understand their rheological properties, which reflect their viscoelastic nature. Rheology, the study of material deformation an...

This paper presents the results of research on polyurethane viscoelastic foams (PUVFs) modified with biomaterials. This investigation looked at the effect of the biomaterials on the foaming processes, as well as the acoustical and selected physical-mechanical properties of the foams. Various types of rapeseed oil biopolyols and microcellulose were...

AIM: To investigate the influence of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs) and different surgical approaches on the intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after creation of the curvilinear circular capsulorhexis (CCC) as a measure for anterior chamber stability during this maneuver. METHODS: Prospective experimental WetLab study carried out on enuc...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasounds used in phacoemulsification during cataract surgery on the corneal structure and morphology in patients over 65 years. We compared the outcomes of phacoemulsification techniques in terms of corneal cell morphology in 77 patients over 65 years old and 43 patients under 65 years old....

The micelle structure of surfactant is easy to be destroyed in the flow process resulting in a decrease in its drag reduction (DR) efficiency; therefore, how to strengthen the stability of the micelle structure during the flow process and thus improve the drag reduction efficiency deserves intensive research. In this work, by comparing a variety of...

The viscoelastic properties and structure of solutions of mixed wormlike micelles based on a zwitterionic surfactant, oleylamidopropyldimethylcarboxybetaine (OAPB), and positively charged oleylamidopropyldimethylamine (OAPA) have been studied at different ratios between the components. At a small fraction of the cationic surfactant, OAPA, the solut...

Food gels are viscoelastic substances used in various gelled products manufactured around the world. Polysaccharides are the most common food gelling agents. The aim of this work was the production and characterization of a gel produced in a blue corn flour fermentation process, where different proportions were used of blue corn (Zea mays L.) flour...

Historical monuments, outdoor stone sculptures, and artworks made of porous materials are exposed to chemical and physical degradations over time. Presently, the most promising route for consolidation of weakened porous materials is the injection of viscoelastic solutions of polymerizing compounds. Those compounds, after injection, undergo a sol-ge...

At present, structural analysis of polymer composite materials is a highly relevant issue. The complexity of taking into account the viscoelastic stress–strain dependence and the time-dependent distribution of stress–strain state parameters over the volume occupied by a solid is a limiting factor. The relevance and demand for new efficient methods...

In crowded fluids, polymer segments can exhibit anomalous subdiffusion due to the viscoelasticity of the surrounding environment. Previous single-particle tracking experiments revealed that such anomalous diffusion in complex fluids (e.g., in bacterial cytoplasm) can be described by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). To investigate how the viscoelas...

This paper elaborates on the wave propagation characteristics of a smart sandwich plate consisting of smart piezo composite layers on a plate’s upper and lower borders via an auxetic core. This study’s equation of motion was derived using a refined version of the Shear-deformation theory at a higher order, or HSDT. Additionally, detecting the prope...

Hemophilia is a serious X-linked inheritance coagulation factor deficiency. Clinically, prolonged bleeding or delayed clotting in any area of vascular disturbance is the main manifestation of all hemophilia. We presented a 23-year-old male with a history of left sensory esotropia since the age of three. The patient had not undergone any previous ey...

Solutions of long, flexible polymer molecules are complex fluids that simultaneously exhibit fluid-like and solid-like behaviour. When subjected to an external flow, dilute polymer solutions exhibit elastic turbulence-a unique, chaotic flow state absent in Newtonian fluids, like water. Unlike its Newtonian counterpart, elastic turbulence is caused...

The objective of this work is to characterize the onset of laterally asymmetric flow of viscoelastic solutions around a confined microfluidic cylinder, which was encountered in a recent study [Rodrigues et al., J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 289, 104406 (2020)]. To this end, two non-Newtonian fluids were employed in the same micro-geometry. Two micro...

Viscoelastic third-order nanofluid MHD flow for wire coating purpose inside canonical coating die with variable viscosity effect: numerical and analytical solutions, Waves in Random and ABSTRACT The polyethene coating is frequently functionalized to cables or pipes for corrosion prevention, voltage differential, mechanical characteristics , and env...

The growing global population and heightened concern for climate change leads to increased interest in utilizing microbial fermentations to replace polluting production processes for e.g., plastics, fuels, and animal proteins. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool for accelerating the scale-up and optimization of large-scale bioproc...

A hyaluronic acid filler is a viscoelastic substance that can be evaluated by rheology. Rheological properties are important for the longevity of the filler, which can be deformed due to the various forces that exist on the face. This study aimed to evaluate the maintenance of the lifting capacity of hyaluronic acid filler injection. Rheological ev...

We describe the trapping and absorption of audible sound in centimeter-scale claddings of two-dimensional, locally resonant phononic crystals. In a square lattice of local resonators consisting of steel cores and cellulose shells, embedded in a viscous foam, dual acoustic-range band gaps extending from about 200 to 2850Hz\documentclass[12pt]{minima...

New lyotropic, fragranced, viscoelastic fluid with a complex structure is obtained from fragranced microemulsions by the addition of a fatty acid. Nonhomogeneous mixing of an appropriate nonionic surfactant, a fatty acid, and a fragrance oil led to the formation of anisotropically shaped and highly oriented micelles in aqueous solution. The nano- a...

This study investigates the effect of fluid elasticity on axisymmetric droplets colliding with pre-existing liquid films, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations involve solving the incompressible flow momentum equations with viscoelastic constitutive laws using the finite volume method and the volume of fluid (V...

Gel foam has the advantages of gel and foam and shows good prospects for applications in the fields of fire prevention and extinguishing. Rheology has a significant impact on the application of gel foam, but there is little related research. In the present study, hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NPs) and water-soluble polymer xanthan gum (XG) were...

This study investigates the rheological properties of dual-network hydrogels based on acrylamide and sodium alginate under large deformations. The concentration of calcium ions affects the nonlinear behavior, and all gel samples exhibit strain hardening, shear thickening, and shear densification. The paper focuses on systematic variation of the alg...

Auxetic closed cell foams, and highly viscoelastic foams, both show potential to improve impact protection. Specifically, auxetics adapt to the shape of impacting bodies, while highly viscoelastic foams stiffen during severe impacts. So, we made auxetic closed cell foam sheets, including those that were infused with (highly viscoelastic) shear thic...

pH-responsive viscoelastic fluids are often achieved by adding hydrotropes into surfactant solutions. However, the use of metal salts to prepare pH-responsive viscoelastic fluids has been less documented. Herein, a pH-responsive viscoelastic fluid was developed by blending an ultra-long-chain tertiary amine, N-erucamidopropyl-N, N-dimethylamine (UC...

The work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of the foam material of the filtering half mask. The analysis of the methods used to study the leveling of the negative effect of the compression pressure of the filtering half-mask on the soft tissues of the human face under conditions of long-term operation was carried out. In order t...

The size and viscosity effects are noticeable at the micro-/nano scale. In the present work, the strain gradient viscoelastic solution of the mode-III crack in an infinite quasi-brittle advanced material is proposed based on the strain gradient viscoelasticity theory using the Wiener–Hopf method. The solutions to the gradient-dependent viscoelastic...

Background Cataract surgery induces corneal endothelial cell loss (ECL). This study investigates the relationship between bottle height (BH) and ECL induced due to irrigation and aspiration (I/A) in cataract surgery and quantifies protective effects of intraoperatively used ophthalmic viscoelastic substances. Methods Intermittent I/A without phaco...

Simple Summary In human medicine, a treatment modality for the sunken eye (enophthalmos) is retrobulbar fat injection. This preliminary study aimed to assess the feasibility and standardize the modalities of retrobulbar injection for enophthalmos treatment in dogs. Using an ultrasound-guided approach, two solutions, similar to adipose tissue, were...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phacoemulsification cataract surgery on the state of the corneal endothelium in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients. We compared the corneal cell morphology in 48 diabetics with good glycemic control and 72 non-diabetic patients before and after uneventful phacoemulsification. Corneal cell de...

Synopsis Hyaluronic acid’s (HA) main functions are absorbing water into the tissues and structuring the skin. It is mostly used in dermal fillers, treatments for certain diseases, and wound healing. This study intends to review current literature of HA’s rheology and its physicochemical properties as an injectable filler. Data were acquired from ar...

Aqueous foams are unstable and age by drainage and coarsening. Today, these effects are well described, as also their impact on foam properties. In that respect, the foam viscoelastic properties evolve in time as a consequence of coarsening which tends to increase the mean bubble size. Here, we investigate the reverse coupling, and study if and how...

The work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of the foam material of the filtering half mask. The analysis of the methods used to study the leveling of the negative effect of the compression pressure of the filtering half-mask on the soft tissues of the human face under conditions of long-term operation was carried out. In order t...

Prosthesis discomfort and a lack of skin-like quality is a source of patient dissatisfaction with facial prostheses. To engineer skin-like replacements, knowledge of the differences between facial skin properties and those for prosthetic materials is essential. This project measured six viscoelastic properties (percent laxity, stiffness, elastic de...

Background: The nanofiber scaffolds achieved by the electrospinning technique have been used to develop several biological tissues, the nanofibers obtained by electrospinning procure a favorable microenvironment to mimic the extracellular matrix. Methods: Study type was of experimental. Study conducted at National Autonomous University of Mexico, f...

The unified displacement function (UDF) is presented to describe the deformation behaviours of the tunnel profile along with time under the surface slope condition. Based on the discrete Fourier method, the third-order UDF in the physical plane is expanded to the Laurent series in the complex variable plane. The complex variable method is employed...

Purpose: Ipilimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that occasionally causes ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as dry eye, uveitis, and episcleritis. We report a case of ipilimumab-related uveitis and refractory hypotony with a flat anterior chamber (AC) in a trabeculectomized eye with exfoliation glaucoma. Observation: A 6...

The new modalities in surgical phacoemulsification techniques are intended to restore the visual acuity and have minimized postoperative astigmatism. Objective: To evaluate the difference in the raised intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification and insertion of an intraocular lens using 2% hydroxymethyl cellulose and 1% sodium hyaluronate as vi...

The main objective of this study was to improve the disadvantages including lower tear strength and shorter service life of commercial polyurethane viscoelastic foam (VF). In this study, waste, renewable luffa seed oil (LO) was directly used to modify polyurethane VF to prepare LO-modified polyurethane VF (LOVF). The results of testing of mechan...

Composite pipes, which are widely used for transporting fluids, have a high strength, good impermeability and strong resistance to external pressure. Because the pipe bears a sustained load, and its constituent materials usually possess time-dependent properties, the creep phenomenon unavoidably occurs in the composite pipes in the long run. The ai...

The size effect and viscosity effect are both noticeable at the micro-/nano-scale. In the present work, the strain gradient viscoelastic solution of mode-III crack in an infinite quasi-brittle advanced material is proposed based on the strain gradient viscoelasticity theory by using Wiener-Hopf method. The solutions of the gradient-dependent viscoe...

A new technique was used to measure the viscoelasticity of in vivo Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This was done through ex vivo microrheology measurements of in vivo biofilms excised from mouse wound beds. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the mechanics of in vivo biofilms have been measured. In vivo results are then compared to typic...

The unloading effects induced by rock excavation on high slopes are significant, and a prestressed anchor cable is an effective reinforcement method for high-slope safety. In this work, we consider the interaction between rock creep in high slopes and the changing anchoring force of prestressed cables. We then derive theoretical solutions for the u...

Continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) was demonstrated independently by Thomas Neuhann, Kimiya Shimizu, and Howard Gimbel in the 1980s and it finds mention in the landmark paper by Gimbel and Neuhann. The authors describe a technique of achieving the rhexis in a stable, viscoelastic-filled anterior chamber using the tunnel floor as the entry. Thi...

Recent advances in general viscoelastic ray theory provide a rigorous mathematical framework for purposes of anelastic seismic tomography. They provide closed-form solutions of forward ray-tracing and simple inverse problems for horizontal and spherical anelastic media. These solutions provide a number of insights regarding the characteristics of a...

Recently, particle manipulation in non-Newtonian fluids has attracted increasing attention because of a good particle focusing toward the mid-plane of a channel. In this research, we proposed a simple and robust fabrication method to make a microchannel with various T-shaped cross-sections for particle focusing and separation in a viscoelastic solu...

We analyse crack growth in viscoelastic material by use of a correspondence principle that allows elasticity solutions for traction boundary value problems in plane strain to be converted to viscoelasticity solutions. We consider an edge cracked strip in tension and assess 2 limiting cases of the geometry. In one case, we allow the component to bec...

The asphalt binder is a viscoelastic substance that exhibits both viscous and elastic behaviour. Asphalt binder is an effective adhesive material for use in the pavement, however it is a difficult material to understand and describe due to the wide variety of its behaviour. This research aimed to investigate the impact of polymer modification on...

We analyse crack growth in viscoelastic material by use of a correspondence principle that allows elasticity solutions for traction boundary value problems in plane strain to be converted to viscoelasticity solutions. We consider an edge cracked strip in tension and assess 2 limiting cases of the geometry. In one case, we allow the component to bec...

This paper deals with a study on flow of fluid which exhibits the characteristics of both ideal fluids and elastic solid and shows partial elastic recovery. For these types of fluids, Jeffrey six-constant model will be used that illustrates the most striking feature connected with the deformation of a viscoelastic substance and simultaneously displ...

BACKGROUND Soybean 11S globulin has good functional properties, which are widely used in the field of food. However, natural soybean 11S globulin (N‐11S) has low flexibility and is easy to aggregate, impacting its foaming process. Studies have shown that soybean 11S globulin in molten globule state (MG‐11S) has better molecular flexibility than N‐1...

The objectives of this study were to experimentally determine the effects of the stress relaxation of a cyanate-ester-based composite, derive and integrate constitutive equations into commercial FEM software, and apply this approach to understand the formation of residual stress in a typical aerospace structure—namely, a stiffened panel. In prelimi...

The unloading effects induced by rock excavation on high slopes are significant, and prestressed anchor cable is an effective reinforcement method for high slope safety. In this work, we consider the interaction between rock creep in high slopes and the changing anchoring force of prestressed cables. We then derive theoretical solutions for the unl...

When modelling rock masses that behave anisotropically and in addition present a time dependent behaviour, it is relevant to select a constitutive model able to represent their actual behaviour realistically. This article presents an alternative anisotropic time-dependent constitutive model able to predict the coupling between anisotropic behaviour...

The interplay of elasticity and capillarity in free-surface flows of viscoelastic fluids gives rise to intriguing flow instabilities. We present novel numerical simulations and analyse the physics related to the appearance of surface distortions on polymer melt extrudates, often referred to as “sharkskin” instability, and the abrupt increase in the...

Purpose: To compare the surgical waste generated by two different cataract surgery techniques, phacoemulsification versus manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Methods: The amount of disposable waste was assessed by weighing the plastic and glass items used during a single uncomplicated cataract surgery for two cataract surgery techniques...

Asphalt cement is a viscoelastic substance that operates like an elastic solid at low service temperatures or under rapid loading. Whenever loaded slowly or at high temperatures, it behaves like a viscous liquid. This classic duality necessitates enhancing the efficiency of an asphalt binder to decrease stress cracking at cold temperatures (fatigue...

Background Pronolis®HD mono 2.5% is a novel, one-shot, high-density sterile viscoelastic solution, recently available in Spain, which contains a high amount of intermediate molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA), highly concentrated (120 mg in 4.8 mL solution: 2.5%). The objective of the study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of this treatment...

Purpose A new femtosecond laser assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty technique (Clear Cornea Femto DALK or CCF DALK) can be performed with less technical challenges compared to conventional procedures. This paper reports on a preliminary case series to evaluate the technique. Method First, through a clear cornea approach, Descemet’s membra...

We study the flow around a periodic array of cylinders using a mesoscopic viscoelastic fluid that mimics polymeric solutions. We model our fluid employing a novel mesoscopic method based on Smoothed Dissipative Particle Dynamics and FENE springs. We characterize the static and dynamic properties of our model solutions and compare the results with t...