Veterinary Medicine - Science topic

Rudolf Virchow is generally considered the pioneer of the "One Health" concept, though the philosophy behind it can also be traced back to Hippocrates. Virchow, a 19th-century physician and pathologist, is credited with the term “zoonosis” and emphasized the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. He believed that studying diseases in animals was essential for understanding and managing human diseases. His holistic view of health laid the groundwork for the modern One Health framework, which addresses health issues at the human-animal-environment interface.

On the other hand, Hippocrates, often called the "Father of Medicine," introduced early ideas of environmental influence on health in his work, On Airs, Waters, and Places. He argued that factors like climate, water quality, and living conditions affect human health, a notion that aligns with One Health principles. However, he did not emphasize animal health specifically in this context.

While Hippocrates laid a foundation, Virchow’s explicit recognition of the human-animal connection places him as the more direct pioneer of what evolved into the One Health concept.

Seif Hundam PubMed offers filters to specifically extract systematic reviews of animal trials. If you're unable to find relevant articles, let me know, and I'll search other biomedical databases if you have limited access.

Veterinary medicine is health medical science that deals with, treatment, control, prevention and total eradication of infectious and non infectious diseases that affect animals, relief of animals suffering and promoting best animals welfare practice couple with production of wholesome animal meat protein for human consumption

This where preventive medicine come in

Because of inevitable animals and animals interactions that can result in transmission of zoonotic disease

Excellent knowledge and application of veterinary preventive medicine lead to healthier and more productive humans health, reduces cost iof human medical expenses, improve human productivity.

Promote better health and

wealth

Reduce or eradicate fatalities as a result of zoonotic disease gotten from animals.

Newest development in veterinary pharmaceutical is this new novel oral acaricided Flurainer trade name Bravecto for prevention and extermination of Tick and fleas

Thank you

Everybody can find every subject totally free of tuition fees in YOUTUBE videos. If anybody really wishes to learn !?

Thank you, ChatGPT.

Dear colleaque ,all strains of ORFV are antigenically identical protective to each others but difference in virulance pathgenecity ,so please try to see RG researche for my published papers about unusual outbreak of ORF disease.

Abut NZ2 strain i think you found it in reference virological Lab.

The same happened to me and I don't understand why. Even if the journal is indexed in databases, I cannot add

Sanger sequencing is further running of bioinformatics Developed by Dr Sanger's

can be use when you when to sequence limited number of DNA

Template because it is first generation of DNA

It is more expensive, time consuming and not as fast as Next generation DNA sequences

Large numbers of DNA template can be studied and compare at faster and cheaper rate

More bioinformation can be obtained using this second generation of DNA sequences or next generation sequences at a faster and more efficient way

Uses in veterinary medicine

Can be use to monitor origin and spread of disease in a community by analysis DNA template sequences from obtained from public waste

Also further viral mutation or changes in nucleotides can be analyse at faster rate

New or emerging viral disease can easily be detected by using this Next generation sequences

However best and more advanced DNA sequences technique are now available that faster ,more specific,more accurate and cheaper know as third generation DNA sequences technique

I'm sorry I don't have

Closantel toxicity is having no specific antidote and the reports in humans are limited.

Hi Shruthi

I have in my past life heard/learnt at Vet school about dog condition similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy reported in golden retrievers.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is neuro-muscular disease caused by a genetic problem in producing dystrophin, a protein that defends muscle fibers from breaking down when exposed to enzymes in muscles and particular regions of CNS. DMD occurs mostly in young males, though in rare cases may affect females. The symptoms of DMD include progressive weakness and atrophy of both skeletal and heart muscle. Respiratory insufficiency contributes to morbidity of muscular dystrophy and, along with cardiomyopathy. In dogs, condition was originally reported in golden retrievers and termed golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD).

Here you can read PMID: 33071066 about study performed on young dogs

Here is more about the disease PMID: 11834588

You may decide after all reading to check GRMD more closely, if there are studies showing comparison of young pups vs. older and how they are neurologically examined by Vets in the clinic. Hope this helps

Filip

Thanks, I will read

Stefan

Can I have the Full text article for "Note on the regulation of veterinary medical devices in the EU: A review of the current situation and its impact on animal health and safety".

Request sent to author for the access

http://miuse.mie-u.ac.jp/bitstream/10076/12239/1/30A15527.pdf

yes sir

as per record Ivermectin is completely safe at any stages in pregnant animals

but individual variations could not rule out.

thanks

This paper is attached.

I am sorry to hear that Henrik, but it is how it usually ends with this disease, although some improvements might come with the new medications. For instance, we still do not know, why a very common virus in the feline population such as FeCOV will in some particular cases lead to the FIP, and why it is the wet form mostly in young animals and dry form in the old ones. The medication is not registered and hence available in Europe, and although there is reportedly a growing black market of the medication, I would advise you to stay away from it, as, without official control, one can not be sure what is he/she buying.

I think they are vary.

This article may be benefit for you

there are many measurement to calculate MRI that note in book named ( veterinary MRI).

Dear Serra

I think Literature about the use of "swedish bitters" besides experimental animal especially rat is currently unavailable. I've searched and just found this https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=jms.2013.62.66 (Effect of Bitters on the Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Catalase and Lipid Peroxidation in Experimental Animals). Maybe you can do your own research about that, good luck.

good proposition

" Laboratory findings (eg, complete blood count [CBC]) may be consistent with iron-deficiency anemia. A differential count may reveal eosinophilia (1000-4000 cells/µL). Serologic tests (eg, tests for A caninum) are usually available only in research laboratories." - https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218805-workup

sorry, No.

Dan Moreno, I think your question is a base line for one health approaches that we have to aware the next generation through seminal work and collaborative approaches in this way it will depends on the skills of academician that it cover all aspect of veterinary and medical perspectives, at the same time motivation, encouragement and appreciation in class's are high priority for current generation. also search teaching and research methodologies for undergraduate and postgraduate students.

There are a number of published papers in this area, but the results are not consistent. In general, one must work out what developmental steps are most related to successful pregnancies in a laboratory. The equipment and software is expensive, so one must also determine whether there is an economic advantage to using an "automated" system. There is a large difference in amount one can charge for IVF in the bovine versus in the human, so affordability is an issue for both the embryologist and customer. It is probably a bit early to use such systems in commercial practice, but they may be more useful in experimental settings.

Please go through the following PDF attachments.

Thanks for all the tips! This was extremely helpful

Sorry for the mistake. I have H. rubidus in my personal collection. I'll let you know soon if the worms still have DNA.

At any circumstances, the protection level against FMD virus will persist up to 9 months

Hi Dr silvian im investigating yet. This is the last work on that project that i am working on it"recharacterization of viral loads, strate and state of equine herpesvirus‐1 using real‐time PCR in horses following natural exposure at a racetrack in california "

Yes you can. Better add some of your published articles (if you have) that will increase your chance of hunting a PhD project. Good luck!

Hope this will be helpful

Prescription diets are the best in managing struvite urolithiasis in canines.

Also provide the dog with clean drinking water always.

An infection always predispose to urolithiasis as it will affect the pH of the urine due to bacterial growth.

Urinary infections has to be identified early and managed as early as possible with the sensitive antibiotic of choice.

Potassium iodide orally is effective.

Serratiopeptidase boluses are available 60 mg Bolus twice daily can also be given.

Highly diluted acriflavine in water can be infused inside the udder at large quantities ( 1 Litre ) followed by gentle massaging for 30 minutes, strip of the udder after massaging repeat for 3 days

Presence of microfilaria at lage numbers (6+ in LPF) can affect renal and cerebral blood supply, mostly it can cause renal failure even though heart worms affect cardiac efficiency predominantly. Cerebral lesions can also occur if cerebral circulations are affected but should be differentiated with vestibular signs, which can be easily confused with nervous signs due to cerebral lesions.

For activity, you may want to look at O2 consumption as mentioned by another comment. For quantifying functional mitochondria, I would recommend using TMRE and mitotracker/JC-1 dyes. TMRE is a dye that is bright under high mitochondiral membrane potential (read: healthy mitochondria) but dim under low mitochondrial membrane potential (read: unhealthy/dying mitochondria). Performing a ratio of TMRE to mitotracker/JC-1 (either will work) will allow you to quantify mitochondrial membrane potential for the total mitochondrial mass.

The linked paper provides a really good summary of different assays to asses mitochondria function and health.

Azithromycin is macrolids group, and mostly Tylosin is used from this group to treat CRD. Some countries have restrictions on what to use though.You can consider others as Erythromycin, clarithromycin . All those are bacteriostatic at low dose and cidal at higher dose.

You can also use Tiamulin Hydrogen Fumerate for CRD,

For more details refer to Merk veterinary manual please.A general rule is to combine Bacteriostatic antibiotic with Bacteriostatic AND Bacteriocidal antibiotic with bacteriocidal in order to achieve synergestic effect

AND so sorry for late response

We have not used it in prepubertal animals. You may want to minimize acute pain associated with administration by injecting it under isoflurane induced anesthesia to attenuate pain at site of injection and make sure not to exceed a 1 ml/kg dose of DMSO as a vehicle.

THIS REPEAT TEXT WRITTEN FOR https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_you_think_the_climate_change_has_only_to_do_with_human_society_or_is_it_also_occuring_naturally

For a correct understanding of what can happen during climate change and changes in the manifestation of the pathogenic properties of microorganisms, the following should be considered:

• Refuse the human perception of climate change. Probably 99% of what is said on the subject, is connected with human perception. We are talking about microorganisms that were "always" and who saw a lot of changes.

• Do not look for a direct and simple connection. These connections are complex. In addition, nature plays infectious jazz in various parts of the world. The geography of manifestations of infectious diseases is changing.

• Including, microorganisms have seen 6 mass extinctions of biological species. The role of the infectious factor in them is not considered. In my opinion it is done absolutely in vain. An infectious factor can be an integral part of changes in the biodiversity of planet Earth.

• Warming - cooling. Usually the set of characteristics for their evaluation is purely anthropocentric. For microorganisms, the link "climate - vegetation - insects - soil" is important. It is clear that everything is much more complicated. Well, let it be so for now. Between climate change and changes in soils, a complex relationship. It should be studied. It is not easy to do.

• Another aspect of the warming - cooling. Reservoirs. In particular, freshwater reservoirs. They begin to change from an ecological point of view. This will affect the microorganisms associated with them. An example is water reservoirs in Ukraine (the Dnieper River). Warming the water gives a cascade of effects. Including, infectious nature. Fresh water changes. Its quality. We can say that the "African standard" of fresh water is being formed.

• For a correct answer to the question about the relationship between climate and infections, new taxonomic units need to be developed. Landscapes, geosystems, ecosystems and other terms are not entirely acceptable when studying the process in infectious ecology.

• A typological analysis of the soil is necessary from the point of view of infectious ecology. I can recognize about 200 types of soil environment. These types are defined precisely in the context of infectious ecology. They will behave differently depending on the geographical area of the world.

• It is necessary to take into account the new connections. Example. Habitual use of herbicides in the new environment can give is not quite the usual result. There are many examples with pathogens. Let's say tularemia. The problem is that the adaptive properties of microorganisms are not investigated. Meanwhile, the discrete activation of pathogens is likely to be an adaptive response to the environment.

• There is no reason to believe that adaptive reactions also do not change. Virulence and many other characteristics will change.

The general conclusion - we need to deal with this subject. In epidemiology and veterinary medicine, only try to treat infected warm-blooded. They consider a tiny segment of connections. They do not want to hear about anything else. A failure in the fundamental understanding of how exactly the activation of pathogenic properties of microorganisms takes place. As a consequence of the limited position of epidemiology and veterinary science, it is not understanding why the infectious process begins and for what it ends.

Do you remember the ebola of 2014?

This is the ebola report for June 5, 2018. Ebola is back in the Congo. 13 pages of the report for one day. And all about the consequences. And not a word about the study of the environment. On this basis, it is impossible to understand the links between climate change and the changes in the manifestation of infectious diseases.

I have only 70 reads. How do I work to increase this rate?

this link is useful

https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-pdf/.../ajcpath111-0387.pdf

regards

Hi.

we have been measure the TEWL in mice and got some experience by using the AquaFlux AF20 without shaving the belly of the mice and without anesthesia. Indeed the data have high variation, but so far n>10 is enough for comparison between groups. the more important issue was to acclimate the animals at least 30 min in dry bedding, control the room humidity and Temperature.

Regards

Antonio

Here a Taqman assay that works on H.heilmannii and H. suis

HH UreB For: 5-TGC ACC ACT TAT GGY GAA GAR AT

HH UreB Rev: 5-TTG CCR TYY TTA ATS CCA ATG TCG

HH UreB Probe: FAM-5-AT GRS HCA AAC CAA CAG CCC YAG C-3-BHQ1

Apologies for lengthiness again.....Honestly pointed also to an ResGate-Question asked 3 years ago: cf.:

where you'll find also some Ref's.

Additionally:

from SciGen, USING THE EPA/DTSC CERTIFIED NEUTRALEX® TECHNOLOGY:

NEUTRALEX® Aldehyde Neutralization Agent (Product Code 4047) :

(other Companies dealing with chemicals might offer different but similar reagents, e. g. SIGMA: unfortunately in the Austrian Catalogue the product "Formaldehyde/Formalin Neutralisations Kit" = Formalin Neutralizer Kit (e.g.: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/fn0010) has been discontinued from their product catalogue..

or NEWCOMER supply: CAVE: NOT USABLE for concentrated FA- or Formalin solutions (maximal concentration to be neutralized:

1) 10% formalin (4% formaldehyde) and 4% glutaraldehyde are the highest concentrations that can be neutralized.

1a) Formalex® “GREEN” should never be used to directly treat concentrated 37% formaldehyde for sanitary sewer disposal.

http://www.newcomersupply.com/product/formalex-green-formalin-formaldehyde-neutralizing-liquid (whatever "Formalex" consits of...great commercial secret!.(:-) [but you'll find there primary references:

or see the following article (unfortunately accessible only to subscribers or as PPV-article): Gearheart et al, 2006:

Technical Note: Application of Methods for the Detoxification and Neutralization of Formalin in Fish Hatchery Effluents,

Journal: North American Journal of Aquaculture, Vol. 68, 2006 - Iss. 3, pp:256-263: cf.: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/A05-048.1?journalCode=unaj20,

Abstract (copied and pasted only for convenience of the reader):

"Sodium sulfite, Neutralex, hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide with a ferric iron catalyst were studied for potential application in reducing formalin in effluents from aquaculture facilities. The neutralization capacity of each method was examined at formalin concentrations that are typically found in effluents from fish hatcheries that utilize formalin to control ectoparasite infestations on fish. The toxicities of the products were also evaluated. A 75% reduction in formalin concentration was observed within the first 10 min after the addition of sodium sulfite at a 3:1 (sodium sulfite : formalin) mass treatment ratio. The addition of Neutralex to test solutions at a 6:1 (Neutralex : formalin) mass treatment ratio reduced the formalin concentration by approximately 90% of initial values within 10 min and completely eliminated formalin within 20 min. Degradation of formalin was not successful under the test conditions using hydrogen peroxide alone or in combination with a ferric iron catalyst. Both of the sodium sulfite-formalin and Neutralex-formalin reaction products were more toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia test animals than formalin alone. Although regulatory limits for formalin discharge from aquaculture facilities could most likely be achieved with sodium sulfite or Neutralex, the direct discharge of their neutralizer-formalin reaction products would probably be harmful to some aquatic species." ==> cross reference to: MASTERS, 2004: A Review of Methods for Detoxification and Neutralization of Formalin in Water cf.: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1577/A03-060.1?src=recsys .

Hope this helps anyway...(;-))

DISCLAIMER: No affiliation to any of the mentioned companies / dealers, no financial interest. Only having had interest again into the "old question", for the long existing solutions and admitting that I've neutralized / blocked my used fixatives (for tissue fixation in LM & TEM) for over 30 years of my profession with the addition of 50mM NH4Cl (Ammoniumchloride), or sometimes also with addition of 'technical' >10N (saturated) NaOH (made from used CO2-loaded sodium-hydroxide pellets) because:

When conc. sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with formaldehyde (HCHO), the products formed is/are sodium formate (sodium-formiate, HCOONa , and methanol (CH3OH). | HCHO undergoes Cannizarro's reaction as follows: 2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH3OH ). After use / addition of Sodium-metabisulphite at least after effective swirling standing overnight prior to regulated disposal to a municipal disposal site.

Animal cloning from an adult cell is much more difficult than from an embryonic cell. So when scientists working at the Roslin Institute in Scotland produced Dolly, the only lamb born from 277 attempts, it was a major news story around the world.

To produce Dolly, scientists used an udder cell from a six-year-old Finn Dorset white sheep. They had to find a way to 'reprogram' the udder cells - to keep them alive but stop them growing – which they achieved by altering the growth medium (the ‘soup’ in which the cells were kept alive). Then they injected the cell into an unfertilised egg cell which had had its nucleus removed, and made the cells fuse by using electrical pulses. The unfertilised egg cell came from a Scottish Blackface ewe. When the research team had managed to fuse the nucleus from the adult white sheep cell with the egg cell from the black-faced sheep, they needed to make sure that the resulting cell would develop into an embryo. They cultured it for six or seven days to see if it divided and developed normally, before implanting it into a surrogate mother, another Scottish Blackface ewe. Dolly had a white face.

From 277 cell fusions, 29 early embryos developed and were implanted into 13 surrogate mothers. But only one pregnancy went to full term, and the 6.6 kg Finn Dorset lamb 6LLS (alias Dolly) was born after 148 days.

Dear Jose,

I think that a good understanding of the morphology of embryonic/fetus development is important basis for gross anatomy (for instance for the understanding of the central nervous system) I would put more emphasis in the veterinary curriculum on it compared to developmental biology.

Kind regards,

Daniela

Dear Dr. Jun Zhao, if it was my answer which helped you to get rid of cytoplasmic staining: you're welcome and thanks to Dolber PC, Spach MS.,1987 who found it worthwhile to write a scientific/technical article...Regards, W.M.

Dogs may be infected with BTV and contaminated vaccines are considered to play a major role in spread of infection

Herbal remedies are the current focus of most livestock researches. indigenous knowledge on plants are being backed up with scientific evidences to provide ideal solutions for safe animal production

Hello, it depends of your aim. In this study I'm working with whole genome sequencing to find the resistance genes and their genetic environment. I use the following programs: rast, resfinder, plasmid finder. I also work with Geneious and command line by Linux to assemble my genomes.

Now, if you just want to see the transfer of an specific gene or plasmid, you must do conjugation experiments. Than, you can do susceptibility tests and pcr.

Hi, not all bacteria have the established breakpoints. It also varies from animal to animal to human also. If you think CLSI does not have the breakpoint for E. coli for UTI for dog or cat, you may want to extrapolate the established breakpoint from another closely related animal or from another regulatory body like EUCAST. However, the best thing to do is to determine the epidemiological cut off point. With the distribution of the MIC, you can easily determine at what concentration a larger percentage of the isolates (some use 95%) are susceptible to AMC.

Hi Dr. Issa  , see this links I hope help you

hi

he genus Dermocystidium was described in 1907. It was previously thought to be a genus of fungal parasites, related to Thraustochytrida and Labyrinthulida (both those groups are now considered to be stramenopiles rather than fungi). Other biologists considered it to be a sporozoanprotist.

It was subsequently identified as one of a group of fish parasites (the "DRIP clade") of previously uncertain affiliation, which were later identified as non-animal, non-fungi opisthokonts,[2] and renamed as Ichthyosporea, and after expansion as Mesomycetozoa. Parasites of crustacea (Dermocystidium daphniae) and molluscs (Dermocystidium marimum) placed in this genus have been found to be stramenopiles and reclassified as Lymphocystidium daphniae and Perkinsus marinus respectively.

The frog parasite Dermocystidium ranae has recently been segregated as Amphibiocystidium ranae

Species[edit]

Dermocystidium anguillae — a gill parasite of eels

Dermocystidium branchialis — a gill parasite of salmonids

Dermocystidium cochliopodii

Dermocystidium cyprini — a gill parasite of carp[5]

Dermocystidium erschowii — a skin parasite of carp

Dermocystidium fennicum — a skin parasite of perch [6]

Dermocystidium gasterostei — a parasite of sticklebacks[7]

Dermocystidium granulosum

Dermocystidium guyenotii

Dermocystidium koi— a skin parasite of carp

Dermocystidium kwangtungensis

Dermocystidium macrophagi

Dermocystidium nemachili

Dermocystidium percae — a skin parasite of perch [6]

Dermocystidium pusula

Dermocystidium salmonis— a gill parasite of salmon

Dermocystidium sinensis[8]

Dermocystidium vejdovskyi— a parasite of pike

kindly check in text book of pathophysiology of diarrheic viral disease of animals by Kofret Lingan

  Thanks

Sir, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex produce granulomatous inflammation in lungs or any other body organ depending upon the exposer to bacterium. It is less likely to come in circulation. And if comes, then it depends on chance factor that we get bacterium in blood sample. and chances also further decreases for serum.

In above study, its looking bright spot that serum based early diagnosis may be done for tuberculosis. We must track these three serum PCR  based positive animals for signs and disease progression, that will be better to authenticate the methodology of early diagnosis of TB.

Hello,

Also, check the links below and the attached file.

I think you might find this articles useful.

Hi Dear

https://www.researchgate.net/.../What_is_the_confirmatory_diagnosis...

Antibiotic residues in edible animal products are of great concern to regulatory agencies and consumers, so reliable screening methods for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of these residues are necessary to ensure food safety. 

hello

yes

I am worked on some essential of some plant in Iraq. and I ready  for any co work with you 

Thanks 

Nice

The possible explanations coulde be individual biological variations, genetic variations, microenviromental variations and interaction of all these variations. Even in monozygotic twins, individual biological and microenvironmental variations play a major role given the fact of genetical identity of siblings. Further data measurement errors also should taken in to an account.

Generally the classical method including the direct and concentration (flotation and sedimentation) method to observe the eggs and you should be use the culturing of eggs to hatching to larvae that which used for difirentiation among nematods.

Indeed my dear and this link ensured about your questions .. Best regards

Quite often the ash content of the (defatted) bone is taken as a measure of the mineral content of broiler bones.

Thank you for information.

you can many researches in this line in feline 

also , of course Dr i agree with Dr Monyer & Dr Ahmed with there opening