Veterinary Diagnostics - Science topic

You can ,as you say, pcr amplify overlapping 800 base amplimers ( you get no useful sequence under the sequencing primer or for the next 30 bases). If you can amplify the whole 6KB in one amplimer then you just need overlapping sequencing primers at 800 base intervals along the whole sequence but just the one template dna. If you have a friend with a minion sequencer or NGS then new sequencing technology is good and quick but not cheap or easy to analyse the results

Thank you, I'll have a look.!

We are able to propagate Leptospires without serum in HAN medium at 37C, 3% CO2. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66526-4

Hope this will be helpful

greatful Dear Furqan Al-Araji

Hi Mona, this links may be help you

intestinal parasites of camels differ from country to country and from continent to continent so you should indicate the locality.

Yes, using epidemiologic triad there will be a need for the environmental factors to come into play for an effective interaction between the pathogens and the hosts. How that work out will be a complex interaction among the environmental, host and pathogen factors. 

colloidal solutions can be used in life threatening situations however it must be followed by a crystalloid solution administration for long-term therapy to avoid hypovolemia

Generally the classical method including the direct and concentration (flotation and sedimentation) method to observe the eggs and you should be use the culturing of eggs to hatching to larvae that which used for difirentiation among nematods.

Thank you for information.

Dear Prof Tarazi,

I am not working with MRSA anymore. Could you contact. Prof. Stefan Schwarz, now head of the veterinary microbiology in Berlin. You can cite my name. He is expert for antibiotic resistance.

B.r.

C. Lämmler

Dear Martyna,

tongue edema (and probably throat edema that you aren't visuallizing) and paw edema are signs of a type I hypersensitivity reaction.

If this is an adverse reaction that you are not interested in investigating, I suggest using an antihistamine drug (like diphenhydramine) before injecting the melanoma cells. Since you are working with tumor cells I would not recomend you to use corticoids which can modify the immune response.

Best regards

María

Hey Debabrata Phukon,

This specimens is neither a Heteroptera (Hemiptera), nor a Ricinidae (Phthiraptera).

It is indeed an Amblycera (Phthiraptera), but from the family Laemobothriidae (genus Eulaemobothrion, which is considered as subgenus in Johnson & Clayton and Price & Graham both cited above).

This is an obvious contamination, considering that no mammal species are known as regular host for Laemobothriidae, they are restricted to birds. Your finds is a typical result of a prey/predator contamination, the hosts which could be provided this specimens to your jungle cat was a member of: Gruiformes or Ciconiiformes.

My best wishes,

Michel

Hi......

here is an article related to your question http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4641665/#!po=47.5000

Wish you all the best

I would like to know the ability of the animal to maintain body temperature during heat stress using rectal temperature as an indicator

Here is one suggestion: http://www.worthington-biochem.com/cls/pl.html

Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses is made by impression smear or biopsy of the lesion with protozoa identified within macrophages in stained smears. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis can be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the species. PCR targeting the internal transcriber spacer 1 (ITS1) is the most sensitive. Serology tests are unreliable, horses can have antibodies from a previous (silent?) infection.

Hi Mohammed

The egg of  Alaria has a big size(120 × 65 µm).  The egg of Troglotrema salmincola

(Nanophyetus schikhobalowi) is like it with 87 µm- 97µm X 38 µm- 55 µm size. It is limited to the geographic range in the United States, but has been reported from Russia. You Should see other characters.

Dear Hujaz,

this review should be ok

BUFFALOES' REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AS  AFFECTED BY HEAT STRESS by  I.F.M. Marai * and A.A.M. Habeeb**

best regards

Martino

I found its sensetivity near 66% and specificity near 50% in correlation to organisms isolation but I think those results too low. Is there any one have another results or explenation

Both S.aureus and   other pathogens, ( E. coli; Str. uberis, etc.) are very important bacteria  causing mastitis and their patogenity might be favourized by oculte viral infections that decrease immunity, like BVD and also by any stressfull conditions. Endometritis is a source of infection

Protothecal mastitis reports are increasing.

Subclinical hypocalcemia decrease the tonus of mamelonar sphincter facilitating the colonization with fecal germs

Many thanks for your suggestions. Pasquale

If you are still looking, we show that MyBiosource has 2 different ELISAs they claim are specific for horse Cortisol. Just search here: http://www.linscottsdirectory.com/search/products for Horse Cortisol. "More Info" links go to their datasheets.

we performed endometrial cytology but didnt reveal any inflammatory cells , only parabasal type and few eratinized cells were seen. the mare was not showing any abnormal vaginal discharge too. Is it so in early cases of CEM?

First two photographs  belongs to nymphal stage of Hyalomma sp ticks due to longirostrum , bifid  first coxa and sickle shaped ventral plates, Other 3 photographs belongs to Hemaphysalis sp ticks due o the presence of lateral prolongation in the third segment of pedipalp , spur in the first coxa and absence of ventral plates

I need to strongly second the statements of Jean-Martin as regards this and emphasize that unless you do histopathological analysis of at least some of your gross lesions your results will be dubious at best. With proper experimental planning and knowledge of the disease distribution in the lung lobes (particularly possible in the case of widely disseminated or multifocal patterns) you can designate a lung lobe consistently for pathology.  You then tie it off and formalin fix it separately. This leaves the other lobes for use in other analyses. This is done regularly for ferrets and even mice so certainly might be done for rabbits.  Then you can do gross/histo correlates for every animal in your study. 

Real Time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) could be a method for detecting cytokines. Try finding information along this area. Goodluck and cheers!

Dear colleague,

Thank you for your concern.  The samples will be sent to me at the following address:

Dr. Ashraf Sayour

Department of Brucellosis Research

Animal Health Research Institute

Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki

Giza 12618

Egypt

My mobile number is +201005056559

My Skype account is Ashraf Sayour

Kindly inform me before sending the samples one week ahead to arrange with the veterinary quarantine at Cairo's International Airport.  Yes, tissue samples from suspected/ positive camels are extremely important for isolation and identification of Brucella to the biovar level.  I have already published a paper on camel brucellosis with sera only and I'd love to do some bacteriology.

Histopathology and hormonal analysis will be done. The interesting question is the origin of this huge cyst? LH deficiency or other cause? what would be its fade?. The female camel had a history of long-standing anestrum.   

Laboratory diagnosis of tritrichomonosis in infected herds is usually based on microscopic identification of the parasite from preputial washings samples from herd bulls either before or after culture in appropriate media. We used the  Sutherland modificated medium. Culture development may take up to 7–10 days (35-37ºC), and even after that the unambiguous identification of T. foetus from other Trichomonas may be difficult. Then you could think about doing in addition PCR for diagnosis. I attached a paper.

Good luck!!

For details, what is theCuldoscopy? 

 Culdoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera by the introduction of a culdoscope through the posterior vaginal wall.The word culdoscopy (and culdoscope) is derived from the phrase cul-de-sac, which means literally in French "bottom of a sac". More accurately, the name hints to a blind pouch or cavity in the female body that is closed at one end and, in a more specific sense, refers to therectouterine pouch (or called the pouch of Douglas).

Culdoscopy is an important gynecological diagnostic technique, is gaining wide acceptance. Culdoscopy is a type of vaginal sterilization procedure.[3] Its name is derived from the posterior cul-de-sac, a space behind the cervix where it is possible, under local anesthesia, to insert a small illuminated telescope through which one may inspect the pelvic organs, without having to resort to a major abdominal operation, as was formerly necessary. Conditions diagnosable by culdoscopy include tubal adhesions (causing sterility), ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis, and appendicitis.

"A major advantage of a culdoscopy is that there are no abdominal incisions. Culdoscopy tends to be reserved for obese patients or for women with a retroverted uterus. This transvaginal procedure involves a small incision made into vaginal wall. Research is showing that this method is safer than originally thought. Yet, a culdoscopy may be difficult to perform because it requires a woman to be in a knee-to-chest position while under local anesthesia. A culdoscopy takes about 15 to 30 minutes, and women are able to go home the same day. It may take a few days at home to recover. Sexual intercourse is usually postponed until the incision is completely healed, which usually requires several weeks, and there are no visible scars."

I think it all depends on the route of administration of the antibiotics. With oral administration via drinking water what is considered is the quantity (weight) of the antibiotic and the volume of water in which the drug is to be suspended/dissolved. With parenteral administration (which is unlikely in chicks) the body weight is taken into consideration in calculating the dosage.

I'm sorry but I have never seen a sloth.

As with all anesthetics it depends greatly on the animal.  Most commonly used is a 50/50 mix of ketamine/diazepam unless you're dealing with higher risk (i.e. old age, cardiac disease, etc.) then I would tend to favor propofol.  However, given you're in a mobile setting ease of administration and storage is key here, I would also look into the possibility of Etomidate, fairly new into use in the veterinary field, because it's not usually considered a controlled substance and has a long shelf life. However if you're not able to utilize any of these options, I agree with Dr. Chandrasekar, mixing with ketamine is your best option.

I thought you might be interested in this article...

Use Trizol.

There are no other easily performed techniques. Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that permits visualisation of the equine eye, we have found it useful to identify detached retinas and to assess the location and size of intra-ocular tumours. You can quite beautiful, detailed intervals using a standard 7.5MHz linear probe, scanning through the closed eyelids in a horse with no or minimal sedation. So is easily performed, quick, cheap and does not require specialist equipment such as MRI or CT.

thanks Dr Qussay.......

Dear Adolf,

the question is to my opinion too complex...

personally, i would be cautious with terms "pathogenic" versus "apathogenic", because, we actually have only little evidence based data (especially from experimental infections) in reptiles; in natural infections, we deal with a lot of coinfections (e.g. bearded dragon with different flagellates, coccidia, cryptosporidia and amoeba); it is difficult to assume the role of each of them in the pathogenesis of disease; furthermore cases are complicated by presence of evtl. bacteria, viruses and helminths...i prefere personally low or e.g. high virulent organisms. why complex?

on the one side, we deal with a lot of different reptile species...so one parasite can be more virulent to some, e.g. Entamoeba invadens for snakes or lizards and less in turtles; there are some evidence that same can be true for flagellates (for Parabasalia like Monocercomonas or Hypotrichomonas; but also diplomonads like Hexamita); e.g. we virtually see no symptoms in tortoises with Parabasalia flagellates, but in some cases in snakes or lizards.

on the other side, to predict some pathogenic role of an organism, we have to know the species or even strain. This is a real problem with e.g. Entamoeba spp., where a fecal diagnostics at species level by molecular tools is still a problem; also in flagallates or some ciliates (of course there are also other protozoa occuring in reptiles...).

with Cryptosporidium, man labs are offering differentiation at species level (usuling by sequencing of 18S rDNA) which is very important, in order to exclude "passing true organism" from prey animals and there are many data now available in literature on pathogenicity...

With coccidia...based on the host specificity, one should consider them individually at species level of the reptile, but there is some evidence that e.g. Isospora can cause diseases e.g. in bearded dragons or chameleons (especially in young animals) based on direct life cycle and accumulation within an enclosure with bad hygiene; same is the case with coccidia infecting the gall bladder as Choleoeimeria; but low virulence is assumed for coccidia with indirect life cycle as e.g. Sarcocystis; also to be excluded are coccidia from pray animals like e.g. Eimeria from rodents/rabbits in snake feces.

With ciliates some are regarded low virulent like Nycthoterus and some as facultative pathogenic like Balantidium.

best regards

Niko

First, I think so but LPS antigen is no problem between fresh and old sera.

Oh, I planned to work on Fas. diagnosis by PCR but I have no idea about your question if you likes to share me inform me

Refer to Kooriyama et al, 2012. and compare your first image with Streptopharagus

Hi,

If you adjust (alterate) the height/width of the file, you will find those P waves even before the ninth complex (see the attachment). There is a slight variation of the aspect of the P waves which could rise the possibility of an intraatrial wandering pace-maker - but is difficult to tell from only one derivation. It could very well be a normal sinus rhythm with some baseline artifacts.