Science topic
Vertebrates - Science topic
Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
Publications related to Vertebrates (10,000)
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Phylogenies generated by the packages of the PhyloMaker series have been broadly used in ecological and biogeographical studies, including several studies published by us. During the review processes of our papers, we noticed that some reviewers have concerns on the appropriateness of using phylogenies generated by these packages in studies on comm...
Vertebrate palaeoichnology often aims at the identification of the trackmaker by associating diagnostic features from the known taxa's skeletal anatomy with its inferred footprint morphology, but deep penetrative tracks and/or deep detached undertracks (DDU) are providing conflicting morphological/extra-morphological information, bringing into ques...
This review aimed to formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations for the prediction of outcome, life expectancy, and quality of life in patients with metastatic vertebral tumors. A systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2012–2022 was done, using the keywords “metastatic vertebral tumors + outcome prediction +...
Camera trap research has grown to encompass the globe, with applications in terrestrial, marine, and aquatic environments. Insights on plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities are rapidly expanding our knowledge of ecological systems. image
Food webs represent an important nexus between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet considering changes in food webs around the world has been limited by data availability. Previous studies have predicted food web collapses and coextinction, but changes in food web structure have been less investigated under climate warming and anthropogenic...
Natural wetlands perform essential ecological functions, but their area has dramatically decreased. Partly to counteract this loss, artificial wetlands have been created. While studies comparing animal communities between artificial and natural wetlands abound, research on their comparative ecological functions is scarce. In particular, vertebrate...
Aging is associated with progressive tissue dysfunction, leading to frailty and mortality. Characterizing aging features, such as changes in gene expression and dynamics, shared across tissues or specific to each tissue, is crucial for understanding systemic and local factors contributing to the aging process. We performed RNA-sequencing on 13 tiss...
Spinal cord tuberculoma MRI T2 hypointensity Target sign a b s t r a c t Spinal cord tuberculoma is a clinically significant form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, despite its rarity. It leads to considerable neurological deficits and morbidity. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention depend on radiologic imaging, typically MRI, which reveals T2 h...
Veillonella is a genus of Gram-negative anaerobic cocci. Veillonella is typically benign and a normal part of the intestinal and genitourinary flora, however in the presence of certain risk factors such as intravenous drug abuse, malignancy, and immunosuppression, some species belonging to this genus have been reported to cause severe deep-seated i...
Sex differences in life span are widespread across animal taxa, but their causes remain unresolved. Alterations to the epigenome are hypothesized to contribute to vertebrate aging, and DNA methylation–based aging clocks allow for quantitative estimation of biological aging trajectories. Here, we investigate the influence of age, sex, and their inte...
Purpose
Vertebral fat-water changes are associated with osteoporosis or aging, and usually the changes are assessed with advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. In this study, routine T1- and T2-weighted sequences are employed to introduce novel MRI scores for indicating fat-water-like changes.
Methods
A retrospective study of 165 fe...
Trophic factors, such as neurotrophins, are fundamental for cellular processes including differentiation, growth, survival, and regeneration. These molecules exhibit significant morphological and phylogenetic conservation throughout the animal kingdom, indicating conserved functions. In fish, the oldest and most diverse group of vertebrates, neurot...
L’existence de familles multigéniques est la conséquence des duplications de gènes. Chez les vertébrés, les gènes codant les chimiorécepteurs impliqués dans l’olfaction constituent souvent de grandes familles, comprenant parfois plusieurs milliers de gènes. Dans ce cas, il est admis qu’un grand nombre de gènes est essentiel pour discriminer la mult...
Cavernous malformations (CMs), also known as cavernomas or cavernous hemangiomas, are vascular lesions characterized by clusters of abnormally dilated blood vessels resembling a mulberry. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old man who presented with a one-year history of back pain radiating into both legs, with a preference for the le...
Working memory is commonly thought to be implemented in the brain by the persistent activity of attractor neural networks. Compelling evidence exists for the implementation of such memory networks in vertebrate and invertebrate brains. Naively, retention of continuous memories in attractor networks - as observed in the head direction systems of mam...
Challenging events in the environment that are both predictable (e.g. seasonal patterns in breeding activities) and unpredictable (e.g. predator encounter) are known to induce a glucocorticoid response that facilitates metabolic requirements during the challenge.
Given its role in mobilizing energy, glucocorticoid levels can influence the nutrition...
Lumbar burst fractures account for 21% to 58% of all thoracolumbar fractures. L5 lumbar burst fractures are rare, comprising 1.2% of spinal burst fractures. This report discusses the optimal treatment for an adolescent with an L5 lumbar burst fracture and neurological symptoms caused by a high-fall injury, which involved surgical decompression and...
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is classically known as chemical messenger of darkness. Both plants and animals respond to photoperiodic signals and the harmonization of physiological events with light/dark cues is also well appreciated. It is interesting that plants and invertebrates accumulate melatonin although they are devoid of melato...
The aardvark ( Oryecteropus afer ) is a fossorial species with a widespread distribution across sub-Saharan Africa. It leaves distinctive tracks and traces of its presence, including large burrows. However, despite a substantial body fossil record, few trace fossils registered by aardvarks have been described. Its distribution range in southern Afr...
Objectives MRI intensity changes are a crucial indicator of the risk of pseudoarthsosis in osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs), with CT provide additional fracture type evaluation. However, when presented with acute or common fractures, non-specialists typically conduct initial assessments, raising concerns about the reliability of imaging eval...
Retroperitoneal neurofibromas are rare tumors, with an incidence of 3-5% for all neurofibromas. The Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve give rise to these histologically benign tumors. They can be hard to diagnose and treat because of where they are located and their potential to invade the surrounding area and press on nerve roots or other struc...
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master transcription factor in melanocytes and plays equally important roles in mast cells. It is required for the generation, differentiation, and function of these cell types in vertebrates. Mitf is also expressed in the projection neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB), the mitral and tu...
El objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar los Desórdenes Musculoesqueléticos (DME) más frecuentes de origen laboral, los cuales pueden afectar estructuras corporales del sistema musculoesquelético en Colombia, en un periodo entre el año 2011 y 2023. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de la técnica PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Ite...
We describe a new species of Leptophis (parrot snake) from the Cerrado ecoregion of Brazil. The new species, L . mystacinus sp. nov., differs from all other congeners in the following unique character combination: two Spectrum Green (129) to Light Parrot Green (133) dorsolateral stripes separated by a Buff (5) vertebral stripe, usually continuous o...
How might brain functioning differ between endotherm and ectotherm vertebrates? Recent results suggest that ectotherms lack proper working memory, which could reflect a lack of attentional control. Ectotherms may nevertheless excel in cognitive tasks if their ecological needs and learning opportunities compensate for their lower computing power.
The recent surge in research interest about gossip can be attributed, at least in part, to the possibility that this activity underlies two of the unique features of human society, when compared to those of all other social vertebrates, their scale and their complexity. Two hypotheses have emerged which touch on these features, respectively that go...
Background/Objectives: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) profoundly impacts patients by precipitating a loss of motor and sensory capabilities, largely due to oxidative stress and inflammation during the secondary injury phase. Methods:This investigation explores the diagnostic potential of zinc (Zn) and free zinc (fZn) as biomarkers by analyzing...
Metallacarboranes have long been the subject of attention in the context of medicinal chemistry because of their promising characteristics and unconventional interactions with biological entities. The metal centre has been shown to have a significant influence on the internalisation and cytotoxicity of compounds in human cell lines. Additionally, s...
The role of phenotypic modularity in the evolution of skull morphology in birds has been a subject of debate in recent years. Furnariids (ovenbirds and woodcreepers), a spectacular avian adaptive radiation, are distinguished in their cranial morphology as the only passerines with two types of cranial kinesis, constituting a great model to test whet...
In mammalian vertebral columns, locomotive ability is expected to be an evolutionary driver of variation in the number of vertebrae; in species evolved to run fast or have a flexible vertebral column, they generally have limited numerical variation and low occurrence of malformed vertebrae to maintain their running performance. Although this hypoth...
Objective
To introduce a new geometric force-line model to assess the sagittal spinal-pelvic alignments and statistically analyze the main parameters of the model, offering a novel perspective for understanding the sagittal balance.
Methods
A total of 388 healthy adults aged 18 - 35 years were recruited. To designate the mid-point of the anterior...
Subsequent vertebral fracture (SVF) is a common and refractory complication after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Computed tomography (CT)-based Hounsfeld units (HU) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score can evaluate osteoporosis quantitatively...
Background
To explore the clinical characteristics of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) via unilateral transverse process-pedicular (UTPP) approach in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) in the elderly.
Methods
A total of 120 elderly patients with lumbar OVCF who underwent PVP via unilateral pedicular (UTP) and UTPP...
Background and Objectives: To assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs), we introduced a new approach for predicting incident osteoporotic fractures (OF), employing a risk-weight calculation for each candidate risk factor. Materials and Methods: RD outpatients were picked up, and their histories, including...
Background
Patients with vertebral compression fractures may experience unpredictable residual pain following vertebral augmentation. Clinical prediction models have shown potential for early prevention and intervention of such residual pain. However, studies focusing on the quality and accuracy of these prediction models are lacking. Therefore, we...
The Indo-Pacific Pollen Database (IPPD) is a collection of modern and fossil Australian, Southeast Asian, and Oceanian pollen assemblages collected from Quaternary period depositional contexts. This compilation has been in the making since the late 1980s and is now being made available as a constituent database of Neotoma, thereby providing much ne...
Purpose
To explore the anatomical features of left iliac vein (LIV) in non-thrombotic venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and to identify the impact of these anatomical features on VLUs based on computed tomography venography (CTV).
Methods
This is a retrospective, single-center study of a database (2021–2023) of 431 patients with non-thrombotic chronic veno...
Melatonin is a natural hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland of vertebrates, and, secondarily, by other tissues and organs as well. It is deemed a bioactive molecule due to the multiple roles and functions it performs in animals and humans. Research conducted up to 2024 has reported the presence of melatonin in a wide variety of plants and...
Reproduction without males is common among various animal taxa, however, it is rarely encountered
in vertebrates. The discovery of obligate parthenogenesis, which does not require the participation of
males for reproduction, by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky, has contributed significantly to the development
of evolutionary biology. In the middle of the l...
Background and Objectives: Atlantoaxial tuberculosis (TB) is rare, and its diagnosis is difficult. Herein, we present a rare case with a challenging diagnostic journey of atlantoaxial TB spanning over two years. Materials and Methods: A 70-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented with a four-week history of nuchal pain, stiffness, and head...
Background: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with chronic inflammation that may increase fracture risk; however, their impact within specific populations, such as those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between IMIDs and fracture risk, leveraging a large,...
Background and purpose: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) pulmonary angiography can reliably detect cement pulmonary embolisms (CPEs) and parenchymal perfusion defects. This prospective observational study investigated CPEs in asymptomatic patients using DECT. Methods: We enrolled 42 patients who underwent vertebroplasty or received cement scr...
Background
Although osteopenia has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the oncological impact of occult vertebral fracture (OVF) has not been investigated.
Methods
The study comprised 235 patients who had undergone primary hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2008 and 2019. Osteopen...
Extensive knowledge is available on the impacts of both engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and microplastics, yet there remains a critical gap in understanding the impacts of nanoplastics and the cellular and subcellular effects at sublethal concentrations. This study investigates the impacts of PS NPs on Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) gill epith...
The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM–GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and national and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate grou...
This study investigates the toxic effects of ketamine on juvenile zebrafish, driven by increasing concerns over ketamine’s prevalence and its potential neurotoxic effects that may disrupt behavior and metabolism. Employing a high-throughput behavior tracking system, the research analyzed the locomotor activity of 6-day post-fertilization (6 dpf) ze...
Study Design
Literature Review with clinical recommendations.
Objective
To highlight impactful studies on pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS), identified by the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Trauma and Infection, with recommendations for their integration into clinical practice.
Methods
Five influential studies on PS that have the potential to shape curren...
Objective
Cervical degeneration involves many pathophysiological changes. Vertebral bone loss, sclerotic hyperplasia of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are most common degenerative factors. However, whether there is a correlation between changes in vertebral bone mass and IDD remains unclear. In this study, based on ma...
The superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain sensorimotor hub, is anatomically and functionally similar across vertebrates, but how its cell types have evolved is unclear. Using single-nucleus transcriptomics, we compared the SC molecular and cellular organization in mice, tree shrews, and humans. Despite over 96 million years of evolutionary divergenc...
Background
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) represents a distinct subset of adult spinal deformity, frequently co-occurring with thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) in the sagittal plane. TLK is typically viewed as detrimental in degenerative spinal conditions and has been linked to increased pain severity and a higher prevalence of mechanical complica...
Mesosaurs are basal amniotes that lived in an extended epicontinental sea resulting from Devonian and Carboniferous glaciations reported in Southern Gondwana. Previously considered to be marine animals, this interpretation is not supported by their skeletal anatomy, and was updated to a more semiaquatic style, prompting increased interest for mesos...
Information on the age of vertebrate species such as sea turtles is crucial for planning management and conservation actions. The age of sea turtles has been estimated by skeletochronological analysis using skeletal growth marks in different bones. This study focused on the consistency of the number of visible lines of arrested growth (LAG) observe...
Cities are hotter, more fragmented, and less vegetated habitats than surrounding semi-natural areas. While such urban conditions have been shown to affect a variety of morpho-physiological traits in wild bees, potential effects on behavior have not been investigated. Behavioral plasticity may be a predictor of species success in urban matrices as m...
Background/Objectives. Correction of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with Lenke 1-2 B and C is still controversial, with regard to extension of the caudal side to the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) and method of correction. We assessed the association between change in thoracolumbar/lumbar curvat...
Myocardialinfarction(MI)causesthelossofmillionsofcardiomyocytes,andcurrenttreatmentsdonot
address this root issue. New therapies focus on stimulating cardiomyocyte division in the adult heart,
inspired by the regenerative capacities of lower vertebrates and neonatal mice. This review explores
strategies for heart regeneration, offers insights into...
Background
Vertebral fractures are a common medical issue. Physical activity helps improve bone health and manage the risk of fractures. However, much controversy exists about the association between physical activity and vertebral fractures. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between changes in regular physical activity (RPA) and v...
Corals have been used as geochemical proxies since the 1970s, playing a prominent role in paleoceanography. However, it has not been well elucidated how aqueous ions sourced from seawater are transported and precipitated in coral skeletons. There are limited foundational methods to differentiate and quantify biogenic and abiogenic effects during sk...
For studies of the evolution of vertebrate brain anatomy and potentially associated behaviours, reconstructions of digital brain endocasts from computed tomography scans have revolutionized our capacity to collect neuroanatomical data. However, measurements from digital endocasts must be validated as reflecting actual brain anatomy, which is diffic...
Eagle rays, cownose rays and manta rays (order Myliobatiformes) have a slender tail that can be longer than the animal’s body length, but its function and structure are unknown. Using histology, immunohistochemistry and three-dimensional imaging with micro-computed tomography scans, we describe the anatomy and function of the tail in Rhinoptera bon...
Background
Spondylarthritis is a degenerative disease involving the intervertebral disc, vertebral bodies, and adjacent soft tissues. Treatment aims to slow disease progression and manage symptoms through an interdisciplinary approach. It can be conservative and rarely chirurgic.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabi...
The Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is considered a keystone species because its burrows provide refuge for an entire suite of other species (hereafter burrow associates) that occupy the habitats in which it resides. The Gopher Tortoise has declined across its range in large part due to habitat loss and land use change resulting in burrow aba...
Background. Chronic cervico-thoracic infectious spondylitis is an etiologically heterogeneous diseases group with vertebral destruction in the C6-Th3. There is no unified surgical strategy for such patients. The aim of the study was to examine the technical features and long-term results of surgical treatment of chronic infectious spondylitis of th...