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Valuation - Science topic
Explore the latest questions and answers in Valuation, and find Valuation experts.
Questions related to Valuation
What is the accurate technical difference between an appraiser, assessor, valuer, and valuator in the field of real estate appraisal?
Want to research the value relevance of non-GAAP figures in the field of company valuation. Especially interested in non-GAAP figures/measures like the adjusted EBITDA, and if there is any research that suggest if adjusted EBITDA is better for predicting cash flows etc.
One may find in corporate textbooks and valuation manuals and even valuation standards (e.g. TEGoVA) a rule of thumb that never was proven to be correct. In the sustainable cash flow after the explicit forecast horizon CAPEX is often approximated by depreciation charge given this rule of thumb. However, it may materially mislead valuation result for not counting inflation, real growth and irregularities in replacement of fixed assets. The inaccuracy may be particularly high for new business with fresh assets, for SME businesses and other businesses with concentrated fixed assets not divisible and partially replaceable.
Given the lack of empirical evidence supporting the widely-used rule of thumb that CAPEX should equal depreciation charge, it may be time to revisit the methodology with a more scientific approach. By rigorously testing and verifying these rules of thumb, we could transform valuation from an art based on human perception to a craft based on scientific principles. This would not only enhance the accuracy of valuations but also increase confidence in the methodology among practitioners and investors alike.
Valuation of a company is much more than just numbers.
I am doing a Master 2 in Innovation and Valuation of Research at Paris Saclay University, France, and I must present the project for the creation of the National Innovation Agency of Cuba, as a final evaluation of one of the courses. Thank you very much
Dear Coleagues. I'm in the process of writing a conceptual paper about how luxury brand-artist cooperations change aesthetic routines of stakeholders and what is the output of such changes. Here is one on the topics: limited explanation of the cooperation content promotes ignorancy.
The art-event makers: "the emblemating Kusama's polka dots". Consumers: "Awful", "designer went to kindergarten art class that day ..he came back happily with this bag". This is how the explanations of the art-project makers reduced to the signs provoke ignorant consumer valuations and turn Yayoi Kusama's art into decoration. And then scholars analyze the consumers' valuations as data in their studies. When you know "Narcissus Garden" you understand the diffenece between the sign (the dots) and the problem (anti-Narcisism) in Kusama's art. https://www.facebook.com/LouisVuitton/photos/a.341470190124/10167192333530125 Do you think that Social Practice Theory (E. Shove) is right to use in the conceptual paper about this? Any other methodological ideas? #luxury #brand #artist #art
The increasing automation of many aspects of the valuation process, the expanding importance of data analysis and interpretation, and changing client expectations all have implications for the valuer's role. Is it the same for real estate/land economists? Is the property valuer's role the same as that of the real estate/land economist?
Specialist properties are relatively complex and difficult to value due to the lack of comparable evidence. It's worth studying how advanced technologies are used for these valuations.
What are the challenges of employing advanced technologies in specialist property valuation?
We are doing a research on the question given above so I need your help to discuss further about this.
I am required to submit a research proposal for my Phd admission in Management. I have my Pg in real estate valuations and financial management along with marketing. Therfore, I want to select a topic based on these for which I need some suggestion on some topics that I could select for my Phd.
The company valuation can be done by adopting several models, among them: the market multiples model; the model based on the balance sheet, the model based on the income statement, and the model based on discounted cash flow.
In this context, which methodologies are most effective for this purpose, and which is the best evaluation model?
We know there's district field of property valuation for real estate and non-real assets. However, accounting is also awashed with business valuation etc. Are they similar, interchangeable or just complimentary?
Why is the importance of analyzing and conducting research on the correlation between the stock market valuation of securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) and the economic and financial situation of business entities growing?
In recent years, the importance of examining the correlation between stock market valuation of securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) and the economic and financial situation of business entities is growing, because there are more and more anomalies and speculations on capital markets, which may reduce these correlations. The importance of studying this issue is growing particularly when in certain listed markets valuations of certain financial assets and instruments are less and less related to economic fundamentals and the significance of speculation is growing. If such a lack of correlation between the stock market valuation and the economic and financial situation of business entities is growing, then the financial and / or economic crisis may occur. Such a situation of increase in speculative factors on stock exchanges and commodity exchange commodity markets appeared in 2006-2008 and contributed to the global financial crisis in 2008.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:
Why is the importance of analyzing and conducting research on the correlation between the stock market valuation of securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) and the economic and financial situation of business entities growing?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
Availability of data which can be used as proxy for valuation of ecosystem services with respect to forest ecosystem and wetland. I need standard secondary literatures or please suggest few articles in context to south asia. Thanks
Dear all,
I am going to simulate the propagation of the Love waves in COMSOL Multiphysics using a 2D model.
My plan is to use the Solid Mechanics interface and Frequency domain study with out-of-plane strain mode extension (time-harmonic).
My questions are:
+ As far as I know, in this model the X-direction is wave propagation direction, and Z-direction is motion particle direction. Is it right?
+ How can we evaluate the valuation of kz in the general case.
Thank you in advance.
I'm woriking on my Dissertation to graduate from my uni, the field is valuating, but I can't think of any new ideas and feel confused to conduct one, any recommendation?
Please do let me know any research work about valuation of mountain ecosystem, my interest is to know methodology to apply in my research.
Does the information policy of the public relations department of a capital company issuing securities (shares, bonds, ...) may affect the market valuation of these securities on the stock exchange?
If there are certain situations confirming this impact, should it be considered a imperfection of the information system?
If there are certain situations confirming irregularities in the information policy of issuers of securities or banks and investment funds that mediate in the sale of securities, whether the information policy of the issuer of securities should be corrected to reduce the likelihood of attempts to deliberately mislead potential investors, shareholders, bondholders and other participants in the capital markets?
Please reply
Best wishes
My guess is that the value of expertise depends on the person who values them and maybe the organizational and situational context in which the expertise is valued. Please suggest citations to learn about this.
We have developed a framework for AI effectiveness measurement and ROI computation.
We are looking for response to expand our research.
link to our paper:
Kindly list the variables with a brief explanation of the same.
What kind of information in the field of financial market psychology is in your opinion the most important, which should be taken into account when conducting technical analyzes of the valuation of securities listed on the stock exchange in order to achieve the best results from investing activities?
Please reply
Best wishes
Hi there, im currently writing my dissertation on how autonomous vehicles will influence real estate valuation.
To define real estate value factors (factors that residents of city X find influential in determining residential valuation) I am conducting a qualitative survey to exhibit what people are most attracted to.
How can I justify my survey size, of say 100 people?
Hello,
My area of research is to valuate Exchange option (Margrabe option). I am looking for Monte Carlo simulation technique that can be applied to some real trading data. I have evaluated them using Liu process and wish to compare my results with simulation. In excel I prepare basic model based on Margrabe formula, but results deviate. Thanks in advance.
How can property investors/developers benefit from land valuation maps?
Can Local Authorities benefit from land valuation maps?
Is spatial analysis key to property investment and development?
Value and valuation occupies academics, shareholders and ordinary people's minds, consciously or unconsciously. Although this is more visible in capital markets, almost everybody perform a valuation exercise almost daily.
I am however, interested in "value and valuation" of a functional discipline, Marketing.
The function has been under scrutiny for some time. The big question that most people ask is whether marketing adds value in an organisation.
I would like hear your genuine views on this topic. Do you believe that marketing adds value or not? If it does, in what way do you think it does.
Thank you in advance for your time and contribution.
NB: You do not have to be a marketing person or to have worked in a "corporate environment" to participate. I am more interested in your views, based on what you know, see or have heard.
In a situation where the amplitude of short-term strong changes in valuations of securities, including shares and bonds on securities markets, is increasing, the situation of extreme reappraisal of these valuations is more frequent and the risk of a spectacular, sharp discount, bear market and stock market crash increases. And such violent stock market crashes began with major financial and economic crises.
The largest economic crises lasting a few years were the source of many negative macroeconomic processes, decline in host growth, consumption, investment, and an increase in unemployment. There were large social costs, productivity dropped, tax revenues to the state budget, the state of public finances deteriorated.
Paradoxically, in the situation of increased financing needs for new development projects, which should restore optimal economic growth, in the situation of an economic crisis, the possibilities of financing new investment projects based on public funds were decreasing. The source of this type of economic crises is the lack of a full correlation between the valuation of assets on stock exchanges and the processes of productivity and consumer demand for manufactured economic goods.
In addition, after analyzing the sources of the global financial crisis of 2008, the erroneously pursued monetary policy by the largest central banks, including in particular the Federal Reserve Bank, is added to the sources of this largest financial crisis in the history; moral gaming practiced by investment banking trading in securities used to finance mortgage loans for borrowers without creditworthiness; imperfect credit risk management systems for derivatives or unreliable practices, non-compliance with security procedures for credit risk analysis and control, and many other factors in investment banking.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
I want to predict valuation using verbal SAS but there exists a strong nonlinearity between the two variables which makes unfit to use linear regression. Please see the attached scatter plot image of the variables.
Can anyone suggest which model will be a good fit for this data or how should I handle nonlinearity so that I can use linear regression.
Hi,
I have a dataset that contains student data that are nested based on different schools where more that one student belongs to a particular school.
student_id school_id non_verbal quantitative spatial verbal subject score_level valuation
69044 198 117.0 116.0 112.000000 105.0 26 1 77.0
57589 119 104.0 96.0 101.554674 89.0 16 1 62.0
65452 195 83.0 111.0 84.000000 97.0 15 1 62.0
26203 107 98.0 109.0 107.000000 102.0 11 1 47.0
25501 17 111.0 90.0 113.000000 118.0 27 1 62.0
The response variable is valuation and want to predict the same.
The model should consider subject and score_level also. I was thinking to use Linear
mixed effect model where school_id will be my random effect and rest other
as fixed effect. Is linear mixed model is good to go for this dataset or
if any other model that can be used?
Any help will be appriciated. Thank you.
Do the significant revaluation of stock quotes on stock exchanges occurring every few or a dozen years is an objective specific feature of this type of financial market or rather it is imperfection of these markets resulting from too high a level of liberalization and deregulation of the mechanisms of these markets, including the reduction control functions of financial supervision institutions?
Since the 1970s, the functioning of individual segments of financial markets has been successively liberalized and deregulated, including primarily the issue of investment banking, international markets and exchange rate systems, rating agencies, financial adversity institutions and financial entities and instruments operating on the securities market. During this time, the scale of the re-valuation of valuations of securities, derivatives, commodities and other assets on the capital markets reached ever higher levels, then spectacularly transformed into a strong decline in these valuations leading to a financial and economic crisis. The last financial crisis in 2008 in many respects, including numerous negative aspects, generated the unruly records characterizing the highest level of investment risk and the scale of financial losses generated by many commercial financial institutions and industrial corporations, which then under the active, interventionist, anti-crisis monetary policy of banking were financed indirectly by public finance funds. Due to this cyclical nature of capital markets, characterized by the growing amplitude of economic fluctuations during periods of bull market and bear market at high levels of overvaluation and investment risk levels and deeper global financial and economic crises, large financial institutions, including investment banks, are becoming larger entities and costs neutralizing the negative aspects of crises is paid off by the whole society, especially by the relatively less-earning middle class.
In the light of the above, encouraging discussion, I turn to you with the following question: Has the time finally come to reform the functioning process and the system of financial markets by restoring former control functions of financial supervision institutions that have been abolished, reduced since the 1970s?
Are increasingly deep financial crises derived from the liberalization and deregulation of financial markets?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
I want to know what precise articles should I write which can contribute to my research. my research objectives are:
1. to examine different brand valuation approaches applicable to manufacturing and service sector
2. to analyse application of appropriate brand valuation techniques to Indian manufacturing and service sector.
please help me in selecting some appropriate topic to write research articles for publication. thank you.
I am planning on carrying out a large study to assess and map habitat quality along a development corridor. I am planning to use the InVest tool, but I have not been very successful in understanding the tool through the user guide only. Can anyone help out with some training or recommend some who can offer the training based in Nairobi, Kenya?
I am looking into how we can determine the value of Health Information Systems investment as a basis of convincing the county government to invest in it.
However, there are no generally accepted valuation strategy that have been developed for information systems in either the business or health care domains.
I would appreciate theories around the above area.
I have developed a framework that leverages Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) methods to perform agile software feature elicitation and valuation, and have demonstrated the feasibility of the framework by using it in the field. I am seeking to assess the performance of the framework by comparing it to other methods of performing software feature elicitation and valuation (the assignment of a measure of value (typically monetary/return-on-investment)), but am struggling to find published data. Can anyone point me towards literature regarding how long it typically takes to perform software feature elicitation and valuation and/or prioritization (aka "grooming the backlog")? I recognize that the amount of time to perform such tasks varies significantly from project to project, primarily dependent upon the complexity of the software, so data in the form of XX% of total project cost or time would be ideal. Thanks for your help!
We are valuing a young company with high growth potential.
Is this a reason for concern if more than 100% of the value of equity today comes from the terminal value?
what does this mean for an equity investor in the firm?
If the displacement function of the thin plate is known. How to determine the velocity of the thin plate.
I am the student of Environmental Economics. I am searching on the ecosystem services of wetland. The purpose is to value the services provided by wetland ecosystem. Carbon storage is taken to value through contingent valuation method. So how far this method is suitable. what are the alternates for valuation for carbon storage service of wetland.
I want to use the contingent method, is there any researcher have used it and can give me an idea regarding the methodology and required data for this method.
Iam working on Brand valuation application in Indian companies. In the initial process I have used one model to value brand of FMCG. I would like to know how do I know if my model is right and if its not right then how to I identify the problem in the model.
Since state owned companies are not necessarly profit based and mainly over-crowded with employees. Cash flow that they actualy have do not reflect theur potential cash flow. How to valuate state owned companies?
I got a positive parameter estimate for cost when analyzing (with mixed logit) data from a choice experiment trying to measure WTP for diverse ecosystem services (meaning that respondents are happier when they pay more taxes). This is an "unusual" finding. I do not know of a similar case. I would appreciate if you can let me know of a similar issue (positive estimate for payment/cost/tax) in the literature. Thanks.
Hello! I will be joining the strategy department of a mining company and will be performing research and economic viability studies for new projects in the field. Do you guys have any book recommendations that can help me better execute my job? I have a background in finance / valuation but I understand that the mining industry has many peculiarities and nuances that one need to be aware of. Thank you.
Article which explain the antecedents and consequences of brand valuation.
In order to fully assess valuations, I would like to understand the advantages and disadvantages from using real vs nominal values for an investment calculation.
Furthermore, what helps if I try to minimize the impact of the terminal value formula on my calculation?
I am first year PhD student and my topic is"Valuation of Private Companies", to me it seems very practical topic. So far i have red concerning this topic it seems more about procedures and steps that you have to follow. I can not find the scientific part on it. I would appreciate a lot if you could give me some suggestions.
Fundamental Stock Investing ~ Banking
Which Valuations ratios should be used while making equity stock investment decision banking stock?
I would like to find papers or theses - or in fact any article, if from a business publication - that focused on Brand Valuation methods, and tried to compare different methods or different brands according to the same method.
I teach Brand Management to undergraduates and the Brand Valuation methods is a confusing point; i could never develop anything like a class exercise that would allow me to clarify the matter, and the students feel they can't grasp how exactly do consultants determine a global brand's valuation, nor do they understand the full consequences of such attribution.
I would appreciate any material that could help shed a light on this.
thank you,
Paulo L
Dear All,
In order to quantify risks and predict outcome ranges, I would like to apply Monte-Carlo Simulation to a financial model. Has anyone made experience in using @Risk / Monte-Carlo simulation and has discovered specific reasoning to take into consideration?
I would be grateful for anyone being able to share their experience.
Regards,
Leon
I keep going back to Theranos and the russian proverb: doveryai, no proveryai. There always seems to be a rush to a new hype, whether it is digital currency, the cannabis market, or the next hot fintech, startups seem to oscillate according to market perception rather than actual value. On private equity, one would think that the market would be more stable and value oriented but time and again we have seen prominent names be revered as oracles of their times only to have them prove the market wrong in assigning them those titles (i.e.: Madoff).
List the three categories of information that you think are the most important in fundamental analysis for the valuation of capital companies, issuers of securities and for investing in securities listed on the stock exchange?
Please reply
Best wishes
Practical setting in a company. Would like to develop a model to predict future value of customers to the company.
Important is to be able to make a distinction between customer characteristics and product characteristics.
What method is best to use, what CLV method or Customer Equity, CVT (customer valuation theory) etc.?
Anyone that is willing to share some tips with me for implementing such a model into an organization?
Henkel/Gruber (WPg 2.2019)
https://www.idw.de/idw-verlag/wpg/themen-vorschau-heft-2-2019--erscheinungstermin--15-01-2019-/22586
With the publication of the interim reports as of March 31, 2018 (Q1/2018), empirical data on the first-time application of IFRS 9 (Accounting for Financial Instruments) is available for the first time. The subject of the article in German is the analysis of the Q1/2018 interim reports of the DAX 30 companies. The analysis focused on three aspects: a) the extent of reporting on first-time adoption of IFRS 9, b) the amount of IFRS 9 equity adjustment effects and c) the migration paths in categorisation, especially the question of the extent to which fair value measurement has increased as a result of the new standard.
Result: A wide range can be seen in the reporting on the transition to IFRS 9. Both equity reducing and equity increasing conversion effects are observed. The absolute figures range between +€101 million and -€391 million and the equity ratio between +0.13% and -1.33%. In most cases, the major part of this equity adjustment effect is attributable to the impairment part. The IFRS 9 equity conversion effects can predominantly be classified as insignificant. An analysis of the migration paths of the new IFRS 9 categorisation shows on the basis of ten companies that for an average of 93.4% of the financial assets of these companies the valuation does not change as a result of the new categorisation. The remaining financial assets are migrated to the category at fair value through. profit or loss, which is likely to make the income statement more volatile and the forecast of net income more difficult.
I am trying to help myself to understand the Merger and Acquisition (M&A) concepts, processes and evaluation. In the background study, I found few methods which requires information that not available, or not found in the financial statements, or not publicly published. This is I meant for 'data friendly'. So, I need help for understanding the M&A valuation methods (the most significant part) for self-learning and also for doing a research on the South Asian market.
Thank you.
I am interested in valuation analysis for early stage startups. I am looking for systematic valuation methods for analysis startups.
Hello,
I would like to investigate the capital market-based valuation relevance of accounting information.
Do you have literature recommendations in this regard?
Hey,
I'm simulating the contact of two moving gears in ANSYS Workbench (Static Structural) with multiple load steps and would like to evaluate the stresses in a radial cross section to better see stresses underneath the surface .
Is there a method in ANSYS Workbench to evaluate the stresses across a cross section? I know you can make a section cut of the simulated bodies with the options in the bottom right corner, but is there a way to create an additional stress result on that cut surface?
From searching for the problem on the internet I gathered that it might be possible to do with cutting the body prior to the simulation in e.g. Design Modeler and then create a result on the cut surface. I tried that and it works but I get some weird stress concentrations in the cut region that were not there before cutting the gear bodies. I also heard somewhere that it should be possible to do in APDL, but I didn't find any example of that.
Thanks in advance for any help!
Regards
Paul
I read an interesting question this week about a researcher wanting to know how to sell a patient's database... Then, the related question emerged in my brain: is there a set formula that is used to value the database ?
Effectively, a database owner may be asking himself for a price per client record - that is used to value your database when you are looking to sell your clinic or a Research Databse.
An interesting concept don't you think?
The idea being that is you have 1000 clients on your clinic database - when you come to sell the business - you simply multiply the number of clients by a set dollar amount - say $10 per contact - meaning that your database would be worth $10,000 of your sale price.
However - as I a sure you can appreciate - this simple calculation method is not that easy - or accurate for that matter.
There are many things that can impact on the value of your database - so a simple "dollar amount per record" would not work in many cases.
One of the variables that impact on the value of your database is how responsive this list of people are to your marketing messages.
If you have 1000 contacts in your database - who - when you email them an offer - you get a 50% email opening rate - and 20% of them take you up on your offer - then this is a valuable list.
If your 1000 contacts - have an email opening rate of 10% and 1% respond to your offer - then this list is not as valuable.
Another variable in this valuation process is the lifetime value of the contacts on your list.
If your 1000 contacts are all high income clients who regularly attend your clinic and buy lots of extra products and services- then they are much more valuable than a list of people who attended for a single "lead generation" low price offer - and never return.
Another value determining factor in health business databases is the concept of "Recency" - that being - when was the last time these clients actually attended your clinic for a paid service.
If your business has been established for many years - there may be a large number of past clients who no longer live in your area , have swapped to a new health provider - or sadly - may have even died.
So of your original 1000 contacts - there may only be 500 who have actually visited your clinic in the past 5 years.
Again - this lack of recent buying activity will also impact on the value of your database when it comes time to sell your clinic.
So what is the take home message for you as a current or future health business owner?
If you are looking to buy a clinic - ask lots of questions about email opening rates, age of the database, responsiveness to marketing messages (assuming any marketing messages are even being sent by the current owner) , buying habits, purchase frequency and recency of last visit.
If you are selling a business and want to get maximum value for it - make sure you are in regular contact with your client list and can demonstrate a solid and recent buying history for these clients.
I have personally seen practice databases with over 10,000 clients details but due to poor marketing and lack of follow up - the list is largely worthless to a potential buyer.
Do you have any interesting research database for selling? Do you need help to estimate a good VALUE and CLIENTS for it?
I understand that ESMO is focusing on clinical benefit assessment. However, taking into account the considerable treatment costs for beneficial cancer drugs an economic statement (or valuation) should be made – at least in a pragmatic way. Of course, this would lead to a lot of controversy but increase the awareness, value and usefulness of the ESMO Value Framework.
Quite possible that I have missed something …
Good luck and best regards,
Kurt
We often observe a situation what old furniture is sold for a lower price than its residual value. It is also often rather costly to transport. So we probably do not have here an equilibrium price, like we have in classical microeconomics. Instead, we have two valuations, by buyer and by seller, and their difference should exceed transport cost.
i want to know if there could be a bond portfolio that is composed of bonds issue in different currencies.If so, how to then determine the percentage change in market value of this portfolio.Should we supposed that the bonds are issue in the same currency?
Among others considering reputational aspects, innovation management, health benefits, etc.
I am using the residual income valuation model in order to valuate some companies and I want to get the data related to the forecasting of future periods from Bloomberg terminal.
what the is underlying motives behind the valuation of human resources?
when the costs incurred on human resources is expensed immediately, why do we go for the valuation of human resources?
what are the implications of valuation and reporting of human resources from accounting and finance perspective?
thanks in advance
who are the professionals to make up a team comprising the Estate Surveyor and Valuer for feasibility and viability valuation of swamp area.
Determining the monetary worth or value of an asset that is not new (especially for purposes of acquisition by prospective purchaser or disposal by the vendor) may not easily lend itself to comparison because of variations in handling and extent of usage.
To apply discount rate on natural resource valuation/ecosystem services valuation has become debate among the researchers, many researchers are in the opinion that discount rate should be applied on natural resources valuation.
I want to know,
- What is a discount rate and which equation is used for discount rate?
- What is the difference between discount rate and interest rate
- How to put discount rate on the values of ecosystem services ?
Key words: Economics, valuation, discount rate, discounting, interest rate, ecosystem services, natural resources.
EBITDA has been widely in finance as metric for both valuation and securities pricing analysis. Pundits for EBITDA argue that it is a sound measure of valuation as it clearly delineates profitability (devoid of impact of accounting policies, capital structure, and taxation regimes) and pure operating performance of a going concern. However some financial analyst loudly think that that EBITDA exaggerate cash flow because it does not take into consideration all the non-cash gains and expenses in addition to changes in working capital. As a result, using EBITDA as a metric for valuation is therefore "highly questionable". Thus, the question is: Is EBITDA an incredulous (dubious) valuation metric?
A question related to valuation theory.
In the valuation of plant and equipment, Valuers operating in environments with thin secondary markets resort to indexation particularly where these assets are outmoded but are still deployed in production
Trust calculation and assignment of a trust score for the nodes in IoT Networks is complex and requires a proper methodology?
How to calculate the trust score for nodes utilizing valuation by the cluster head of the IoT network?
Valuation is carried out in the Capital market by Stockbrokers, in respect of business enterprises by Accountants, on on-going capital projects by Cost Consultants (or Quantity Surveyors), for tangible assets by real estate valuers and engineers.
There are branches in law - constitutional law, business law, insurance law, criminal law etc - with each requiring peculiar knowledge insights yet the practice of all these have similar underlying legal principles. Perhaps, a similar reasoning could go for valuation/appraisal/assessment of different assets across different market sectors.
can anybody suggest best international standard text books on business valuation?
thanks in advance