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Vaccinology - Science topic

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I want to build my career in Vaccinology and Clinical Research and want to know the highly respectful professors in this field to follow their work and academic production. I also need to know the professors that I can choose from to be my supervisors.
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The doyenne of Professors in the field is Dame Sarah Gilbert at Oxford who was one of the main producers of the Astra-Zeneca Covid 19 vaccine and other spike protein vaccines for corona viruses before that. Having reviewed her department's protocols for an ethics committee, I can say that her projects are impressively done.
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For a Microbiologist interested in the work in Vaccine Development and Clinical Research, and wants to study Microbiology, Epidemiology, Immunology, Public health, and Infectious Diseases, is it better to make a master in Vaccinology or Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ?
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Vaccinology is a broad term of sciences dealing manufacuring vaccine which licenced after sucessful expermental researches on efficacy, safety and economic consedartions.
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I want to obtain a Master Degree in Vaccinology and Clinical Research, so I want to know the best Universities or Research Centers that provide this program.
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in which location you want to study
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The major principle behind mRNA based technology in vaccine design and function lies in it's use to convey specific or choice transcript, encoding one or more immunogen(s), into the host cell cytoplasm as subsequent expression here, generates translated protein(s) within the membrane, which are either secreted or intracellularly located.
This is finding use to therapeutically tackle difficukt-to deal with pathogens.
As pathogens are updating there evasive tactics within the body system to shrug-off counter immune attacks on them, it is appropriate for the scientific community to update and upgrade technology and precision tools to tame and check these pathogens.
Your views are welcome and nice, as we keep brainstorming on this sensitive issue in the Science of Infectious diseases and our deck of control and check-mate efforts, dear beloved colleagues and associates.
Thank you and pax shalom to me and to you all
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There is also a predictable nefarious effect, that is the onset of an autoimmune cascade of events.
The mRNA will be translated in the cytoplasm of Cells it penetrates into viral proteins that can prime our immune system to make specific circulating antibodies to prevent the pathogenesis of the virus if exposed.
But this mRNA bray also be incorporated In our DNA by reverse transcription and remain as part of our genome. This would heathy Cells to make viral protein that migrate to the cell membrane. In this scenario, these cells would be recognized as foreign by our immune system and be attacked causing a new autoimmune disease. There is no way to predict over the months and years after vaccination with this viral mRNA how many cells in what organs would be endangered by making this foreign protein.
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To know the various applications of reverse vaccinology along with their success and failure rates.
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You can also find some basic knowledge from this following link :
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I would like to better understand how each of the vaccines we currently recommend work. So essentially my question is about your favorite source for vaccinology, but I am interested in details that are not so readily available in sources like the CDC website. What type of immunity is necessary for protection for each infectious disease we have a vaccine against? Why do we need multiple doses and boosters for certain vaccines? How did we arrive at the conclusion that we need this many dose administrations and boosters (seminal studies)?
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Cosmina, another excellent source of answers to your questions are the World Health Organization's Position Papers on each vaccine. They provide background epidemiology, describe natural immunity and correlates of the protective immune response where they are understood and evidence from efficacy trials that decisions on vaccine introductions and scheduling are based. 
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How likely is it that a young person who received the MMR vaccine as a child and later developed leukemia and bone marrow aplasia will catch measles from close proximity with a sick person and develop disease? What about other vaccine-preventable diseases? 
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I don't have expertise in this area, but you could contact this researcher, he is an expert in Measles and interested in using it as oncolytic therapy, so he would probably have the answer:
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Should vaccine clinical trials be conducted when not much is known about an infection? Barely a month of being declared ebola-free by the WHO the West The African state of Liberia has recorded more than two fresh Ebola outbreaks-one resulting to the death of a 15-year old since declared Ebola free by the WHO. Sierra Leone is also at risk for similar outbreak. In Guinea a former Ebola patient was tested positive for the virus after receiving clinical trial vaccine for Ebola. Giving the new information emerging about ebola these days with regards to reinfection and new outbreak is it wise for vaccine clinical trials for ebola  to continue or is it better for such clinical trials to wait until a clearer picture about ebola is obtained? From all indications those 'new' ebola cases emerging from areas previously declared ebola free are not new infection but recurrent infection.
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Well-designed vaccine trials always have specific questions they are designed to answer. You need to know enough about the disease to be able to formulate those questions, but you don't need to know everything about the disease to be able to interpret the results.
In the case of Ebola, the two different trial designs were intended to answer two questions. First, if you are exposed, can vaccination reduce your risk of illness or death? Second, can vaccination of potential contacts prevent the spread of the disease?
Because the vaccines were tested as the number of cases were falling (due to better control of infection) we did not get an answer which is 100% reliable - because there were fewer cases overall. But the data does very strongly suggest that the answer to both questions is yes. That's good enough to know that we should deploy vaccination in an outbreak situation.
So it was worth testing the vaccines, even though when the trials were designed, we did not know about recurrent infection in humans. In the end, it is death and disease that we aim to prevent by vaccination. What our new knowledge adds is that people who are exposed or who fallen ill with Ebola need to be followed up.
In any future outbreak, we also need to test whether vaccinated people can still get a latent infection. From what we have seen, vaccination will probably prevent latent infection but again, but even if it didn't, we would still vaccinate. After all what would you rather have - a latent infection which apparently has a much lower risk of spreading and causes some long-term side effects, or full-blown Ebola infection that is highly infectious and fatal 50-80% of the time?
We don't need to know everything about the disease to know which outcome is preferrable!
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I would like to know what is the best approach between prevented number of cases for every 1000 vaccinated individuals and the decreasing lethality of cholera in the vaccinated region when it comes to assess the Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy during a mass vaccination campaign in Sub Saharan Africa.
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It might be a ''before-after" study. Incidence rate of cholera using person-time determined before (risk in exposed) and after (risk in unexposed) vaccination campaign can be compared. The number of preventable cases is calculated as follows : number of person-time in exposed group * risk difference.  The etiologic fraction in exposed to assess the vaccine efficacy is : (RR-1)/RR = (number of preventable cases)/(number of cases in exposed group = (risk difference)/(risk in exposed).
NB : RR = risk ratio.
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I was seeking to understand if there is an extent for a protein subunit to perform immunological response, like molecular weight, size, structure? or any limitation that should be present for the body to act against it?
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"In theory, there's no difference between theory and practice.  In practice, there is" Y.Berra  
I had understood one could also construct smaller immunostimulating peptides- but where is the evidence base?   Guess dose-response is key.
Thanks for fascinating question and responses.  There seem to be important threshold effects for systems, so why does something magical happens with a 13 aa chain? (or not, in practice:)
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Hello, I am Ronald Perraut, you cited one of my papers about vaccinology and Saimiri monkeys. We presently continue to develop P. falciparum Ag candidates.
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No! presently not any more since year 2000! Institut Pasteur de Guyane does not have anymore Saimiri monkeys. Monkeys are now in Brazil.
Saimiri require adapted strains of P. falciparum and showed excellent model for testing vaccine candidates. Saimiri monkeys (boliviensis) can host adapted strains of P. vivax and of course is the natural host of P. brasilianum that is very similar with P malariae
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Last week, I watched a talk show on TED Talk about Nanopatch for needle less vaccine delivery method. I am impressed.
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This could have a huge impact, especially in the developing world - reducing cold chain burdens, risk of unsafe injection practices, wastage, biohazards, and the need for training of healthcare personnel while increasing capacity for mass vaccination and potentially vaccine acceptance. This may also be an antigen sparing technology.
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How can I culture (in vitro) gut biopsies which I will stimulate with a vitamin A metabolite and harvest at different time points (day 1 , 4 , 7, 8, 10) to measure expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor mRNA.
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you can do histoculture. I do follow the protocol described in Nature Methods few years ago, by Grivel and Margolis. I used that protocol for lymphoid organs (as described in the paper published in 2013 by Nebuloni M. et al). I am currently using the same protocol for gut biopsies. Massimo.
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To know the various applications of reverse vaccinology along with their success and failure rates.
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There are many kinds of detergents could be applied in protein purification and added in vaccine.
Does anyone know the additive agent list that can be used in vaccine so far?
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Hi. Here are lists of compounds that the FDA classifies as GRAS (generally recognized as safe). You will have to check the list for individual compounds or seach the FDA wesite for individual compounds to see if they are used in vaccines.
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For example, signaling motif, T cell or B cell binding site, hydrophobic region, and so on. For reverse vaccinology.
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