Vaccines - Science topic

As of July 19, 2023, the Western Pacific region having the highest number of vaccines per 100 people (241.8) and the highest vaccination rate (85.4%), while the African region had the lowest numbers for both (55.0 and 31.5%). A significant positive correlation was found between the number of infections and deaths across the World Health Organizatio...

THIS STUDY aims to molecular characterization of the Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) in young broilers in the Giza governorate, Egypt in 2021, assess the genetic diversity among the proliferating viruses, and vaccine strains, and evaluate their pathogenicity to improve viral management. Viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was amplified and subsequently conducted...

This presentation introduces a new rural medical school fourth-year elective in Wayne County, PA, integrating community engagement into family and community medicine (FCM) education. The purpose is to address the lack of direct engagement with specific rural communities in the FCM curriculum, focusing on Wayne County, hometown of the initiating stu...

BACKGROUND Monkeypox (Mpox), is a disease of global public health concern, as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa. AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers (HCWs)s’ level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed ma...

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination centers were established to achieve widespread immunization of the public within a short time. This may, however, have come at the cost of customer experience. This study analyzes factors related to the special characteristics of service experiences in COVID-19 vaccination centers and their impa...

Background & aim: Measles is a highly infectious disease and can cause lifelong complications and death. Most studies focused on children who received a first dose measles vaccine rather than second doses measles vaccine uptake. Therefore, this study aimed to determine second dose measles vaccine uptake proportion and associated factors among child...

Introducción: una de las barreras al acceso a la vacunación contra las enfermedades infecciosas es la reticencia a la vacunación, la cual suele medirse o asociarse a una poca disposición para vacunarse, actitudes antivacunas o la probabilidad reportada de obtener una vacuna. Sin embargo, no existe un consenso en la forma en la cual este constructo...

The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is an extremely contagious variant that has garnered global attention due to its potential for rapid spread and its impact on the effectiveness of vaccines and non-pharmacological measures. In this paper, we investigate mathematical models involving vaccin...

The declaration of G-20 agenda made by our beloved & honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi ji has great implications for Emerging power India. India as an emerging Global power will show the world how to create a clean and green economy being a voice of the Global South. India will teach the world how to fight terrorism with inclusive develop...

In May 2024, the well-known pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca admitted that its COVID - 19 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine can cause the rare side effect of Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS), involving blood clots along with a low platelet count. This is a potentially severe condition, with a fatality rate up to 44%. Several studies indicate a...

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has profoundly affected global health, especially among the elderly and those with preexisting health issues. In response to this crisis, the creation and distribution of effective vaccines have been vital. Covishield, a vaccine formulated by Oxford-AstraZeneca and produced by the...

Limited protective immunologic responses to natural N. gonorrhoeae infection and a lack of knowledge about mechanisms of protection have hampered development of an effective vaccine. Recent studies in humans and mice have found meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-containing vaccines (OMV) induce cross species immune responses against gonococci and...

Background New onsets of chronic urticaria (CU) have been reported after repeated immunizations, mainly with the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (Spikevax). This study aims to evaluate patients with CU after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The contribution of SARS-Cov2 infection, atopy and IgE against the vaccine was analyzed. Methods We monitored the featur...

This review examines the transformative role of mRNA vaccines in responding to emerging infectious disease outbreaks, with a focus on their unique mechanisms, rapid development potential, and demonstrated efficacy. The recent success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights their advantages over traditional vaccines, including adapt...

In December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 started which was originally believed to be pneumonia. Later on, after studies of vaccination and sign, symptoms revealed it to be a SAR-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), results in infection of the lower respiratory areas that centrals to risky breath shortness and even death. This pa...

The current equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine causes attenuation of the inflammatory response to an appropriate level, compared to that produced by virulent EIAV. However, how the EIAV vaccine finely regulates the inflammatory response remains unclear. Using a constructed NLRP3-IL-1β screening system, viral proteins from two EIAV strain...

Participants' occupation (p= 0.001), and parity (p=0.024) were associated with pre-pregnancy vaccination. There was a significant association between the level of education and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (p=0.015). About 14.4% and 21.0% of the unvaccinated participants were willing to be vaccinated during-and after pregnancy respec...

Evaluation of Montanide ISA 70 and Aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant in efficacy of bivalent Influenza and Newcastle disease Vaccine

Background: Immunization is a vital public health strategy to protect children from infectious diseases, achieved through the administration of vaccines. India's universal immunization program (UIP) provides free vaccines against 11 life-threatening diseases for children under the age of five. Despite its importance, immunization coverage in many a...

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as major global public health challenges, causing numerous infections and fatalities each year. However, current measures, including vaccines and treatments, are often limited or ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for novel preventive strategies to control the spread of key mosquito‐b...

Background Persons with disabilities (PWD) are often marginalized and face barriers to accessing health services. This study aimed to examine the COVID‐19 vaccine uptake and its predictors among PWDs in the Ashanti region of Ghana, where about 17% of the population has some form of disability. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 4...

Believing conspiracy narratives is frequently assumed to be a major cause of vaccine hesitancy, i.e., the tendency to forgo vaccination despite its availability. In this scoping review, we synthesise and critically evaluate studies that assess i) the occurrence of vaccine-related conspiracy narratives on the internet, ii) the prevalence of belief i...

Objective Physicians play a key role in vaccination advocacy. To explore potential educational gaps, we surveyed the knowledge and opinions on vaccination, as well as their own vaccination status, among Chinese medical students and residents in a single medical institute. Methods We recruited sixth- and seventh-year medical students and internal m...

El presente artículo es una traducción y adaptación de “Rapid Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses Following MVA-BN Vaccination” por Ai-ris Collier, Katherine McMahan, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Jinyan Liu, Erica N. Borducchi, Bernard Moss y Dan H. Barouch, publicado por los NIH de EE.UU. en medRxiv el 11 de noviembre de 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1101/202...

Background: Rabies is an infectious disease with hundred percent mortality that can be prevented by taking action pre or post exposure to the agent. The individuals’ beliefs, customs and traditions play a major role in any health care practices. In this study we tried to assess the epidemiological determinants, vaccine hesitancy and adverse events...

Background: Many people have suffered from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) which was declared pandemic in 2020. More than a year ago, vaccination against COVID-19 offered hope of controlling this pandemic. Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccine can boost immune responses, However, it triggers several neurological diseases such as multiple s...

Globally, liver fluke infection causes significant economic losses for the livestock industry and has emerged as an important public health concern. The use of anthelmintic medications is the basis of disease management. However, anthelmintic resistance has arisen as a major concern in the treatment of liver fluke. To design viable vaccinations, a...

In his seminal book Against Method Paul Feyerabend demanded that “science should be taught as one view among many and not as the one and only road to truth and reality”. Given the recent backlash against scientific authority, which includes persisting denial of climate science, vaccine scepticism and the wider debate about the dawning of a postfact...

Tumor vaccine is a promising immunotherapy for solid tumors. Therapeutic tumor vaccines aim at inducing tumor regression, establishing durable antitumor memory, and avoiding non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumor-induced immune suppression and immune resistance pose challenges to achieving this goal. In this article, we review multiple c...

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre a cobertura vacinal da vacina MeningoC e os casos confirmados de meningite em Maceió – AL, no período de 2018 a 2022, em crianças de até 9 anos de idade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa ecológica de cunho transversal, caracterizando-se por uma abordagem descritiva de natureza quantitativa, sendo feita uma...

State and local health departments were responsible for ensuring equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine. This qualitative study aimed to identify the challenges, strategies, disappointments, and successes in achieving equity for hard-to-reach and at-risk populations. Using a purposive sampling strategy, 16 individuals affiliated with health...

Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease of the respiratory tract that can be prevented by vaccination. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine coverage rate for the third dose of a DPT-containing vaccine was 86%, with large disparities among countries. Since 2022, many high-income countries have reported a resurgence of pertussis, espe...

Vaccine adjuvants are crucial for reinforcing the immunogenicity of vaccines. Therefore, they are widely used in the aquaculture sector as vaccine components, facilitating the efficient prevention of infectious diseases and promoting sustainable teleost fish growth. Despite their benefits, there has been a growing concern about the potential advers...

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health challenge due to its complex immune evasion mechanisms and limitations of current treatments. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of HBV immune evasion strategies, including viral mutations, immunosuppressive environments, and T-cell dysfunction....

Objective: Vaccines for COVID-19 have reduced the severity of the infection and prevented deaths. Parents of children on psychopharmacological medications for psychiatric disorders were also referred to the hospital to learn whether the vaccine was safe for their children. It is not known until this period how chronic psychopharmacological drug use...

Objectives There is limited research on real-world effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. This study evaluated real-world effectiveness of Sinopharm vaccine in Sri Lanka by assessing absolute vaccine efficacy. Design and setting A retrospective test-negative case-control study was conducted at ten large government hospitals across...

Maintenance of cold chain is integral for vaccine potency maintenance. Most vaccines are temperature-sensitive, hence cold chain maintenance is essential. Cold chain is crucial to keep the potency of vaccines. Improper vaccine storage and handling affect the quality of administered vaccines as lost potency of vaccines cannot be replaced. Nurses mus...

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for comprehensive preparedness strategies for future pandemics, particularly those caused by unknown pathogens, or Disease X. Study Design: Our systematic review examined current literature on COVID-19 risk factors, identifying significant gaps and inconsistencies in data reporting...

The effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against hospitalization risk due to all-cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older individuals in China is limited. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on this issue in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Cases were individuals who were newly diagnose...

The type IV pilus is a diverse molecular machine capable of conferring a variety of functions and is produced by a wide range of bacterial species. The ability of the pilus to perform host-cell adherence makes it a viable target for the development of vaccines against infection by human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Here, the 1.3 Å res...

Several protein expression platforms exist for a wide variety of biopharmaceutical needs. A substantial proportion of research and development into protein expression platforms and their optimization since the mid-1900s is a result of the production of viral antigens for use in subunit vaccine research. This review discusses the seven most popular...

This research presents an innovative AI-powered platform designed to enhance vaccine management by predicting adverse reactions and forecasting vaccine demand. The system utilizes machine learning models, primarily based on Scikit-learn, to analyze critical factors such as age, gender, vaccine type and prior vaccination history. By integrating real...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of more effective vaccines. Nanoparticle-based adjuvants represent a promising approach to enhancing tuberculosis vaccine efficacy. This review focuses on the advantages of nanoparticulate-loaded vaccines, emphasizing their ability to impro...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of commercially availa...

Immunological memory is a critical feature of the adaptive immune system that enables a rapid and robust response upon re-exposure to previously encountered pathogens. However, aging significantly affects both innate and adaptive immunity, impairing the development and maintenance of immunological memory. This review explores the intricate relation...

Background/Objectives: HBV infections can lead to serious liver complications that can have fatal consequences. In 2022, around 1.1 million individuals died from HBV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccines allow us to save more than 2.5 million lives each year; however, up to 10% of vaccinated individuals may not develop sufficient...

Stresses within the tumour microenvironment can mediate post-translational modifications of self-proteins. Homocitrullination is the conversion of lysine to homocitrulline which generates neoepitopes and bypasses self-tolerance. In this study a vaccine targeting homocitrullinated antigens was assessed for stimulation of anti-tumour immunity. Peptid...

Umbrella reviews are systematic reviews of all systematic reviews on a given question and can provide a higher-level view of current available evidence on broad research topics. Given the importance and possible consequences of the insights derived from umbrella reviews, it is fundamental to ensure accurate, comprehensive reporting and methodologic...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in China in 2019 and spread so rapidly that it almost collapsed the healthcare system throughout the world. The mortality was so high and the unavailability of the vaccine worsened the situation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we tried to identify the group that is more vulnerable to the disease ac...

Objectives: In February 2022, NVX-CoV2373 became available in South Korea; real-world effectiveness of multiple doses compared with mRNA-based vaccines has not been thoroughly evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study identified NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 recipients aged ≥12 years from the K-COV-N database. Vaccine groups were propensity score–mat...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can be an effective complementary tool to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in estimating the true burden of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) and can serve as baseline data, especially after the roll-out of vaccines agai...

COVID-19 crisis reaffirmed the power of a few companies to scale up production for mRNA vaccines, which created injustice as a few nations in the developed world benefited first from available vaccines, while LMICs waited at the back of the queue. Initiatives such as the South Africa mRNA tech transfer hub sought to address these concerns. The arti...

Understanding which viral variants evade neutralization is crucial for improving antibody-based treatments, especially with rapidly evolving viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Yet, conventional assays are labor intensive and cannot capture the full spectrum of variants. We present a deep learning approach to predict changes in neutralizing antibody activity...

Background This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among 3,227 parents of children aged 0–11 years to assess vaccine-related hesitancy for routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vac...

Background: Global COVID-19 vaccination effort faces the challenges of vaccine hesitancy and resistance, rooted in misinformation and institutional distrust. Addressing these barriers with customized messaging is essential, yet the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and other health-seeking behaviors, like COVID-19 testing, has been underexplor...

Learning from past pandemics is essential for addressing future threats. Our analysis of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Jordan highlights key epidemiological trends, government responses, and the impact of viral variants. Jordan experienced four significant epidemic waves, each with distinct patterns in daily cases and death...

Citation: Ekezie, W.; Igein, B.; Varughese, J.; Butt, A.; Ukoha-Kalu, B.O.; Ikhile, I.; Bosah, G. Vaccination Communication Strategies and Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review. Vaccines 2024, 12, 1333. Abstract: Background: African countries experience high rates of infectious diseases that are mostly preventable by vaccination. Despite the risks...

Introduction Tumor patients take a high risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, high incidence of serious events, poor prognosis and high mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic, but there is still lack of supporting evidence that the COVID‐19 vaccination is beneficial for tumor patients to encourage them to receive the vaccination. Me...

[Background/Objectives] Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is widespread in the global swine industry, leading to significant economic losses, and is particularly severe in native Chinese pig breeds. The Ningxiang pig, a well-known native breed in China, is susceptible to M. hyopneumoniae, exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates. Thi...

The debate over mandatory vaccination has gained renewed attention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising questions about the balance between individual freedom and public health. This article explores the circumstances under which mandatory vaccination may be justified, drawing on historical examples such as the eradication of smallpox a...

Background/Objectives: Despite the growing body of evidence addressing the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy, the positive role of media as a key environmental factor influencing vaccination, as well as its function in publicizing and encouraging vaccination, has been less thoroughly explored; Methods: This study focuses on the context of the curren...

In 2024, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is facing an unprecedented mpox outbreak. Cases are caused by MPXV Clade I across the country. But a new variant, Clade Ib, emerged in eastern provinces and spread to neighboring countries. This paper provides an extensive overview of priorities to consider for future actions in mpox response. Dia...

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the main health problems of the modern era, directly linked to the environment in which we live and its form of organization. The present study aims to analyze the geospatial patterns of mortality and lethality due to COVID-19 in Costa Rica, between March 2020 and May 2022, based on the social determinants of h...

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), launched in 1988, has successfully reduced wild poliovirus (WPV) cases by over 99.9%, with WPV type 2 and WPV3 declared eradicated in 2015 and 2019, respectively. However, as of 2024, WPV1 remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Since 2000, outbreaks of circulating virus derived of polio vaccines...

OBJECTIVE This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of orf virus (ORFV) in the Fujian province in 2024, with the goal of gaining insights that can enhance disease prevention and control strategies. METHODS This experimental study was conducted from January 2024 through March 2024. The samples, showing suspected orf lesions, tested positiv...

Heart failure (HF) affects 64 million people worldwide and is one of the most prevalent causes of hospitalization in adults. Infection is believed to be one of the potential triggers that may facilitate HF decompensation and the need for hospitalization. Therefore, it seems crucial to safeguard against such a situation. Vaccinations seem to be a ve...

Plain Language Summary Vaccine-preventable diseases are a serious problem that contributes to the death rate of children in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Some studies have shown that these VPDs are one of the factors affecting children’s health. Vaccination at the appropriate time is one of the key methods for promoting children’s health b...

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a novel positive-sense RNA virus, has caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry of Eastern and Southeast Asia since its outbreak in 2010. Furthermore, the rapid transmission and potential zoonotic nature of DTMUV pose a threat to public health safety. In this study, a 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics appro...