Vaccines - Science topic

Most people are trying to put the COVID-19 pandemic, with all it tragedies, disruptions, uncertainties, and inanities in the rear view mirror. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 global health emergency over on May 5th, and the U.S declared the public health emergency over on May 11th. Budget realities mean that governments an...

Viral agents represent one of the main groups of pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans. Most of these potential agents cause major epidemics and pandemics, as we have seen recently with SARS-CoV-2. The prevention and control of viral spread are highly desirable. In this sense, we encourage the submission of manuscripts with promising...

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties and reliability of the Brazilian version of the tool Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccine (PACV-BR). Methods: The sample included 110 parents of children up to two years old served by Family Health Basic Units. The tool’s internal consistency and factor validity were respectively assessed by Cr...

BACKGROUND A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES To analyze worldwide scientific production r...

A recent article pointed out COVID vaccines are ordinary means. I note two things that make this argument even stronger. First, a better source for one point. Second, the Church has avoided ever saying that merely testing on fetal cell lines is a reason Catholics might avoid that medical product.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its mechanisms have been thoroughly studied by researchers all over the world with the hope of finding answers that may aid the discovery of new treatment options or effective means of prevention. Still, over 2 years into the pandemic that is an immense burden on health care and econo...

Objective: to identify the vaccination and serological status against hepatitis B among community health workers; to vaccinate against hepatitis B virus and to evaluate the immune response of susceptible workers. Method: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, throug...

Objectives: How to communicate vaccine-related safety issues; Policy making and regulations related to vaccine safety; How to report vaccine-related pharmacovigilance; How to manage vaccine side effects and adverse reactions; Companies versus labs versus government communications regarding vaccine safety. Examples of special populations: Elderly; i...

We are looking for manuscripts contributing to our special issue, focusing on "Interplay between Host and Pathogen: Effects of Infection and Immune Responses". We would like to invite you to contribute a paper/review paper. In addition, we would like to highlight some good news: the journal Vaccines just received a new Impact Factor of 7.8, incre...

We test the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is attributable to distrustful complacency—an interactive combination of low concern and low trust. Across two studies, 9,695 respondents from different parts of Britain reported their level of concern about COVID-19, trust in the UK government, and intention to accept or refuse the vaccine. Mu...

The nonprofit European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine will have after two virtual summits in 2020 & 2022 its 14th Summit as a hybrid event with personal attendance and live stream. CLINAM 14 /2023 will be the unique traditional platform with a scientific programme that will elucidate the state of the art of nanomedicine in production, develop...

The study is about the evaluation of H9N2 level of protection and humoral immunity during of layers vaccinated with a novel recombinant vaccine (rHVT-ND-H9), using a turkey herpes virus (HVT) as a vector to express a dual insert (the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H9N2 LPAI strain and the Fusion (F) gene for Newcastle)

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially life-threatening infection affecting the liver from acute disease to chronic infection state and sometimes even leading to death. This study was done to determine the level of awareness of the hepatitis B virus as a disease, the availability of its vaccine, as well as the vaccination rate among t...

A huge amount of potentially dangerous COVID-19 misinformation is appearing online. Here we use machine learning to quantify COVID-19 content among online opponents of establishment health guidance, in particular vaccinations (``anti-vax''). We find that the anti-vax community is developing a less focused debate around COVID-19 than its counterpart...

Background: The African continent is behind by a wide margin in the childhood vaccination race which contributes significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality rate from vaccine‑preventable diseases in the continent. Some African countries are still struggling to achieve routine immunization coverage for all recommended expanded progra...

Background: We evaluated the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalization in older people during the Delta-predominant period (July 1 to September 30, 2021). Methods: We performed a population-based cohort study in an older adult population aged ≥65 years using data from the Vaccine Effectivene...

Purpose To report a case series of herpetic uveitis following COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods Demographic, clinical and treatment-related data of herpetic anterior uveitis cases was collected at five tertiary eye hospitals between January 2021 and June 2022. A retrospective database review at one of the centers comparing the number of cases of herp...

The recent outbreaks of mpox have raised concerns over the need for effective vaccines. However, the current approved vaccines have either been associated with safety concerns or are in limited supply. mRNA vaccines, which have shown high efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2 infection, are a promising alternative. In this study, three mRNA vaccin...

The extreme genetic and immunobiological heterogeneity exhibited by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been a significant impediment in the development of an efficacious vaccine against this disease. Consequently, the lack of internationally accepted protocols for the laboratory evaluation of candidate vaccines has become a major concern with...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, remains one of the actual medico-social issues of today's world. Novel coronavirus infection officially listed in dangerous infections. When an ingress of coronavirus infection in the background of intensive production of inflammatory inducers comes with decreased levels of type I interferon that cause l...

Oncolytic viruses offer a promising approach to tumor treatment. These viruses not only have a direct lytic effect on tumor cells but can also modify the tumor microenvironment and activate antitumor immunity. Due to their high pathogenicity, flaviviruses have often been overlooked as potential antitumor agents. However, with recent advancements in...

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of four doses of the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population and the impact of this on the severity of the disease by age group. Methods By using data from the health authority public data base, we build statistical models using R and the GAMLSS library to explain the behavior of new SARS-CoV-2 i...

In George Orwell's "1984," language and messaging are powerful tools wielded by the Party to control and manipulate the masses. In our modern digital age, while we're not living under the shadow of Big Brother, the omnipresence of messaging—especially related to public health—has profound implications. It raises questions about the balance between...

Introduction By July 2023, Brazil had administered approximately 540 million COVID-19 vaccine doses. This study aimed to quantify wasted doses resulting from dead space in vaccine supplies. Methods The vaccine supply was initially weighed, filled with distilled water, and expelled to simulate administration. Weighing it again after the application...

COVID-19 and its control measures remain contested issues in literature. While some of the literature views COVID-19 and its responses as neutral events serving the common good, other parts of the literature considers them partial events serving personal interests. This study analyses the political economy of COVID-19 in East Africa by assessing ho...

With the great success of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, mRNA therapeutics have gained significant momentum for the prevention and treatment of various refractory diseases. To function efficiently in vivo and overcome clinical limitations, mRNA demands safe and stable vectors and a reasonable administrati...

We determined whether COVID-19 vaccination was associated with Quality of Life (QoL) changes among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Israel. Using a validated questionnaire, we collected information about socio-demographics, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination and QoL (using the EQ-5D-5L tool) 3–18 months post-infection amon...

Misinformation perceptions related to global crises such as COVID-19 can have negative ramifications for democracy. Beliefs related to the prevalence of falsehoods may increase news avoidance or even vaccine hesitancy – a problematic context for successful interventions and policymaking. To explore how misinformation beliefs developed over a six-mo...

Background COVID-19 has caused morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality worldwide. Despite effective vaccines, there is still a need for effective treatments, especially for people in the community. Dietary supplements have long been used to treat respiratory infections, and preliminary evidence indicates some may be effective in people with COVID-...

Background The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has precipitated a significant public health crisis. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with adverse reactions to the inactivated CoronaVac vaccine. Methods The study involved voluntary health workers who received CoronaVac vaccine. We documented the sociodemographic in...

We study the impact of public health messages on intentions to vaccinate and vaccination uptakes, especially among hesitant groups. We performed an experiment comparing the effects of egoistic and altruistic messages on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviour. We administered different messages at random in a survey of 6379 adults in December 202...

Soon after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it became clear that vaccination will be the most useful tool to combat the disease. Despite the apparent safety and efficacy of the developed anti-COVID-19 vaccines, relatively high percentages of the population worldwide refused to get vaccinated, including many health workers...

COVID-19 vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed in history. The factors affecting the response to COVID-19 vaccines are not clear. Herein, the effects of vitamin D and vitamin A (retinol) levels on the response to the BNT162b2 vaccine were explored. A total of 124 vaccine recipients were recruited from the general population attending va...

To stop the spread of COVID-19, a number of public health policies and restrictions were implemented during the pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic. This study provides a quantitative assessment of how these policies impacted subjective well-being (SWB) in the United States over a 6-month period spanning March to August 2020. We study two specifi...

A healthy immune system is required to protect against viral infection and ensure the efficacy of vaccines. Psychological distress can threaten immune resilience, while mindfulness practices can be protective. In New Zealand, Māori experience significantly higher levels of distress compared to non-Māori. The aim of this study was to explore the rol...

Background The increased stress the world experienced with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected mental health, disproportionately affecting females. However, how perceived stress in the first year affected menstrual and menopausal symptoms has not yet been investigated. Objectives This study evaluates the effect that the first year...

SARS-CoV-2 was the cause of the global pandemic that caused a total of 14.9 million deaths during the years 2020 and 2021, according to the WHO. The virus presents a mutation rate between 10−5 and 10−3 substitutions per nucleotide site per cell infection (s/n/c). Due to this, studies aimed at knowing the evolution of this virus could help us to for...

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigen after infection or vaccination is defined by the durable production of antibodies and T cells. Population-based monitoring typically focuses on antibody titer, but there is a need for improved characterization and quantification of T cell responses. Here, we used multimodal sequencing technologies to perfor...

Objectives Despite growing evidence suggesting increased COVID-19 mortality among people from ethnic minorities, little is known about milder forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to explore the association between ethnic background and the probability of testing, testing positive, hospitalisation, COVID-19 mortality and vaccination uptake. Des...

Background Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are chronic allergic diseases categorized as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non‐EoE EGIDs. Few studies regarding the association between EGIDs and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been reported. Although most Japanese individuals received the severe acute respiratory syndrome co...

Social media has played an evident role in mankind’s day to day operations. The role of social media in vaccine hesitancy was an important area to examine due to the fact that Malaysians were generally influenced by the news that was populated by anti-vaccine agents. As people who want to be vaccinated find increasingly greater evidence about healt...

The propensity to accept vaccines and factors that affect vaccine acceptance and hesitancy will determine the overall success of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Therefore, it is essential for countries to understand the factors that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in order to prevent further future shocks, and it is necessary to have a...

Global health emergencies present opportunities for countries to enhance their soft power by demonstrating generosity and technological capabilities. Although China’s initial association with the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak had a detrimental impact on its international reputation, the country endeavored to rebuild it by visibly distributing vaccines...

Background Despite the availability of vaccination, TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) remains a global public health problem. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the long-term efficacy of vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis using vaccines available on the European market. Methods The analysis was conducted on the results of a system...

Substitution of lysine 27 to methionine in histone H3 (H3K27M) defines an aggressive subtype of diffuse glioma. Previous studies have shown that a H3K27M-specific long peptide vaccine (H3K27M-vac) induces mutation-specific immune responses that control H3K27M⁺ tumors in major histocompatibility complex-humanized mice. Here we describe a first-in-hu...

Recently, a great effort has been devoted to studying attenuated and subunit vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 since its outbreak in December 2019. It is known that diverse virus-like particles (VLPs) are extensively employed as carriers to display various antigenic and im-munostimulatory cargo modules for vaccine development. Single or multip...

Multimodal communication via social media employed by governments as a COVID-19 communication strategy with multilingual populations hopes to alter behaviors and attitudes. However, there is presently no understanding about the responsiveness of these videos to the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) populations in Australia. This...

The success of mRNA vaccines has been realised, in part, by advances in manufacturing that enabled billions of doses to be produced at sufficient quality and safety. However, mRNA vaccines must be rigorously analysed to measure their integrity and detect contaminants that reduce their effectiveness and induce side-effects. Currently, mRNA vaccines...

Enteroviruses are pathogens responsible for several diseases, being enterovirus A71 (EVA71) the second leading cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), especially in Asia–Pacific countries. HFMD is mostly common in infants and children, with mild symptoms. However, the disease can result in severe nervous system disorders in children as well...

Background Despite childhood vaccine mandates imposed in 2018 in France, parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains frequent. Interventions in Quebec, Canada, applying motivational interviewing (MI) techniques have successfully reduced parents’ VH for childhood immunisations. Aim To determine whether MI intervention for mothers in maternity wards in...

Objective To investigate the application value of different dose of HPV vaccine in young females. Data sources The following databases were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SINOMED, and Wanfang Data, from the establishment of the database to August 1st, 2022. Study eligibility criteria The inclusion criterias were: heal...

Background We examined the 11-month longitudinal antibody decay among 2-dose mRNA vaccinees, and identified factors associated with faster decay.Methods The study included samples from the CORSIP longitudinal observational study of paramedics in Canada. Participants were included if they had received two mRNA vaccines without prior SARS-CoV-2 infec...

Background: To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be achieved not only through natural infection but also by vaccination. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on previously infected persons is debatable. Methods: A prospective cohort was undergone to collect sera from unvaccinated survivors and vaccinated persons—with and...

Considering the global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is expected that vaccination against its causative agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), will reduce the related morbidity and mortality. However, the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines and their potential and unknown side effects are a matt...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating medical and economic consequences worldwide over the past 3 years. As the pandemic enters a new stage, it is essential to consider the potential impact on rare diseases such as Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), which has been inti...

The bivalent (original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5) mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine was authorized to offer broader protection against COVID-19. We conducted a matched cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine in preventing hospitalization for COVID-19 (primary outcome) and medically attended SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospital death (s...

Why does online distrust (e.g., of medical expertise) continue to grow despite numerous mitigation efforts? We analyzed changing discourse within a Facebook ecosystem of approximately 100 million users who were focused pre-pandemic on vaccine (dis)trust. Post-pandemic, their discourse interconnected multiple non-vaccine topics and geographic scales...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that remains a global health threat due to the millions of deaths attributed to it each year. The emergence of drug resistance has exacerbated and further increased the challenges in the fight against this illness. Despite the preventive measures using the application of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine,...

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis among young children, even after vaccine introduction in low-income countries. A whole-genome classification representing the 11 RV genes, was introduced for surveillance and characterization of RVs. This study characterized the common circulating strains in Vellore, I...

mRNA vaccines have emerged as highly effective strategies in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, thanks largely although not totally to their extraordinary performance in recent years against the worldwide plague COVID-19. The huge superiority of mRNA vaccines regarding their efficacy, safety, and large-scale manufacture encourages pharmaceu...

Background SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants have the potential to impact vaccine effectiveness and duration of vaccine-derived immunity. We analyzed U.S. multi-jurisdictional COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough surveillance data to examine potential waning of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection for the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b) primary vaccination series...

The re-emergence of COVID-19 has sparked controversy around its zoonotic origin, management strategies, risks posed by the virus, and the severity of reinfection. While it is widely accepted that the virus originated from animals, the exact source and transmission pathway remain unclear. This has led to debates regarding the regulation of wildlife...

Objectives: Annual influenza vaccinations are recommended for patients with asthma to prevent against seasonal influenza and influenza-triggered asthma exacerbations. However, there is conflicting data as to the benefit of the influenza vaccine on the frequency of asthma exacerbations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the...

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading human pathogen for which there is no licensed vaccine. Infections are most common in young children and the elderly suggesting immunity accumulates with exposure until immune senescence in older age. Though protection has been postulated to be strain type specific, based on the M-protein ( emm -type), the an...

Whereas the nature of the post-COVID condition following mild acute COVID-19 is increasingly well described in the literature, knowledge of its risk factors, and whether it can be predicted, remains limited. This study, conducted in Norway, uses individual-level register data from 214,667 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals covering a range of demograp...

Should people get vaccinated for the sake of others? What could ground—and limit—the normative claim that people ought to do so? In this paper, we propose a reasons-based consequentialist account of vaccination for the benefit of others. We outline eight harm-based and probabilistic factors that, we argue, give people moral reasons to get vaccinate...

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Despite significant declines in malaria-attributable morbidity and mortality over the last two decades, it remains a major public health burden in many countries. This underscores the critical need for improved strategies to prevent, treat and control malaria...