Science topic
Vaccination - Science topic
Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
Publications related to Vaccination (10,000)
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As of July 19, 2023, the Western Pacific region having the highest number of vaccines per 100 people (241.8) and the highest vaccination rate (85.4%), while the African region had the lowest numbers for both (55.0 and 31.5%). A significant positive correlation was found between the number of infections and deaths across the World Health Organizatio...
The resurgence of the Mpox virus in various regions has raised significant concerns regarding its potential to evolve into a global pandemic, mainly due to the rising rates of human-to-human transmission. This review aims to delve into the intricate aspects of Mpox by analyzing recent epidemiological data, transmission dynamics, clinical features,...
Mpox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and is primarily endemic to Africa. As countries gradually stop smallpox vaccination, resistance to the smallpox virus is declining, increasing the risk of infection with mpox and other viruses. On 14 August 2024, the World Health Organization announced that the spread of mpox constituted a...
Objectives
Predictions regarding the on-going burden of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine recommendations, require an understanding of infection-associated immune protection. We assessed whether early COVID-19 provided protection against Omicron infection.
Methods
We enrolled a cohort of adults in Ontario, Canada, with COVID-19 prior to October 2020 (early...
In this paper, we examine a modified susceptible–infected–treatment–recovered (SITR) model. The SITR model is assumed to be a periodically switched system, where two parameters, i.e., transmission rate and treatment rate, are periodically switched. In the first part of the article, we analyze the stability of the switched model in the presence of p...
IMPORTANCE Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. However, the benefits of vaccination in these age groups with prior infection remain underexplored.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing reinfection with various Omicron subvariants (BA.1/2, BA.4/5,...
In this paper, a method for knowledge-based optimization of vaccination assignments is proposed, which combines multiobjective optimization algorithms with counter-epidemic strategies known from epidemiology. In the paper, a model based on real-life illness costs is used, which allows taking into account the age of individuals exposed to a simulate...
Background: Despite adverse events following immunization (AEFI) being well described in vaccine trials, there is a need to produce more real-world data on events supposedly attributed to vaccination against COVID-19. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of AEFI in the first dose of COVID-19 vaccines in the state of Brazil and to verify wheth...
Objetivos: O presente artigo se propõe a investigar se a recusa do empregado em ser vacinado configura motivo suficiente para demissão por justa causa, conforme previsto no art. 482 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT). A análise é feita à luz da Teoria da Democracia Construtiva, a qual propõe que uma sociedade é tanto mais democrática quanto...
In un campo eterogeneo, globalizzato, quale quello della salute, in cui giocano molti attori anche in competizione tra loro, gli strumenti della comunicazione pubblica dovrebbero certamente veicolare un’informazione corretta ma, allo stesso tempo, essere attrattivi, stimolanti, coinvolgenti, capaci di creare legami percettivi tra le situazioni di p...
Pharmacy-based vaccination (PBV) programs have proven to be a promising strategy for improving vaccination coverage, particularly in resource-limited countries. These programs increase accessibility and convenience, increase vaccination rates, and benefit vulnerable populations. However, successful implementation requires addressing gaps in regulat...
Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de coqueluche na região metropolitana de Maringá entre 2007 a 2024. Métodos: A pesquisa tomou como base os dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos e Notificações (SINAN) para extrair dados epidemiológicos e estruturar o estudo quantitativo descritivo. Resultados: Foram notificados 222 ca...
Background: A 2-dose varicella vaccination strategy has been implemented in Shanghai, China since 2018. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough varicella cases and to evaluate the incremental effectiveness of the 2-dose varicella vaccination among Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective investigation was co...
Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine during the 2024-2025 viral respiratory season.
Methods. Employees of Cleveland Clinic in employment in Ohio on October 1, 2024, were included. The cumulative incidence of influenza among those in the vaccinated and unvaccinated states was compared over...
This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel modes choice behaviour using a case study from Wuhan, China. A SP-experiment based survey was conducted in Wuhan, based on which an MNL model and a latent class MNL model were established, respectively. The model estimation results show the following conclusions. First, the attri...
Background/objectives: Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination vary globally, influenced by political and cultural factors. This research aimed to assess the views of people without a healthcare qualification in Europe on COVID-19 vaccination safety, effectiveness, and necessity as well as how well informed they felt. The secondary outcomes focused...
Em dezembro de 2019 foi identificado um novo vírus de origem zoonótica, o SARS-CoV-2. Os países mais pobres foram os mais impactados pela nova doença, especialmente entre povos e comunidades tradicionais. O objetivo é fazer um levantamento dos impactos da COVID-19 na Amazônia brasileira com enfoque em comunidades ribeirinhas, por meio de uma revisã...
Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) were given a 3-dose primary series of COVID-19 vaccination as they were vulnerable to infection due to immunosuppression.
Methods: This study was a longitudinal evaluation of nAB dynamics in 43 KTRs in a low-middle income setting receiving 3-dose homologous (mRNA-1273- mRNA-1273- BNT162b2) vaccination...
Vaccination is considered to be one of the most effective means of protecting individuals and populations from the risks associated with exposure to various pathogens. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affected people of all ages worldwide. In response, several pharmaceutical companie...
Background Annual estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness can guide global risk communication and vaccination strategies to mitigate influenza-associated illness. We aimed to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in countries using the 2023 southern hemisphere influenza vaccine formulation.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: to determine mean percentages of measles vaccination coverage with zero, one and two doses of vaccine and anti-measles herd immunity levels in World Health Organization (WHO) regions in 2023; to assess variations in measles vaccination coverage and anti-measles herd immunity-related indicato...
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism, and its activity has been linked to the risk of atherosclerosis (AS). CETP inhibitors, such as obicetrapib, represent a novel approach in immunotherapy to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by targeting lipid metabolism. In addition,...
Cuba is facing a severe COVID-19 outbreak despite its efforts to contain the virus and vaccinate its population. We present a computational analysis using a modified multi-population compartmental model (SIR) to simulate the pandemic in Cuba under different scenarios. Additionally, we develop and analyze multi-population SIRV (Susceptible, Infected...
Background
Early remdesivir administration in high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be effective in preventing the progression to severe disease. However, the effect of early remdesivir administration on Omicron variants, which are known to have decreased severity, remains unclear.
Methods
This study aimed to anal...
Introduction. This empirical study investigates the outbound travel preferences, risk perception, and behavior of Free Independent Travelers (FITs), specifically focusing on the post-endemic perspective.
Material and Methods. Data were collected from 345 respondents using a purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using Partial-least Squar...
To understand the impact of vaccination, we consider an SIVR (susceptible–infected–vaccinated–recovered) model that combines impulsive vaccination into the classical SIR model. The final size is firstly defined and estimated, and then the peak value and peak time are considered. Finally, the critical time for a given infected number is studied, and...
The COVIVAX study assessed the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of common neurological disorders in a multicenter case-control design. Vaccination exposure was compared between individuals with a first diagnosis of a neurological disorder (cases) and age- and sex-matched controls. A total of 624 participants were enrolled, and...
O artigo apresenta um estudo epidemiológico ecológico, descritivo e quantitativo sobre as mortes maternas relacionadas ao Covid-19 na região Sudeste do Brasil, entre 1º de janeiro de 2021 e 30 de novembro de 2022. O objetivo foi analisar as mortes de gestantes e puérperas infectadas pela COVID-19, com base em 3.386 notificações do Sistema de Inform...
La vacunación contra COVID-19 ha demostrado ser fundamental para reducir la gravedad y la mortalidad asociadas a la enfermedad. Sin embargo, existen diferencias en la efectividad clínica entre las diversas marcas de vacunas disponibles. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar las características clínicas en pacientes con COVID-19 en función de la...
The effective implementation of vaccination heavily depends on the society’s willingness to pay (WTP). There is currently a dearth of comprehensive evidence about WTP for vaccines in China. This systematic review aims to review studies on the WTP for vaccines, to summarize factors affect WTP in China. Base-case analysis and Sensitivity analysis of...
Introdução: O câncer de colo de útero é uma das principais causas de mortalidade entre mulheres, com o HPV oncogênico (tipos 16 e 18) como fator decisivo na sua etiologia. Além do HPV, o microambiente cervical, a resposta imunológica e a microbiota vaginal também influenciam a progressão para o câncer. A vacinação contra HPV representa um marco pre...
This study presents a mathematical model to describe the transmission dynamics of malaria in a highly endemic region, with a focus on vaccination and vaccine-induced immunity as primary control measures. By determining the basic reproduction number (R0), we evaluate the impact of these interventions on malaria-free and malaria-persistent equilibria...
Given the high global seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the risk of reinfection has become increasingly important. Models developed to track trends in reinfection risk should be robust against possible biases arising from imperfect data observation processes. We performed simulation-based validation of an existing catalytic model designed...
This paper investigates on the defense against steganography, and the overall purpose of the study is to design a satisfactory defense scheme in encrypted domain. Image vaccine against steganography is an effective technique to discover the utilization of steganography with extremely high detection accuracy. However, the image owner and vaccine pro...
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged >65 years against the...
A critical question in epidemic control concerns the minimal requirements for a vaccination campaign to effectively halt a contagion process. However, control measures can inadvertently trigger resurgence dynamics, driven by a reservoir of susceptible individuals left unexposed in the controlled wave. This phenomenon, known as the "rebound effect",...
Objetivo: mapear la literatura científica sobre las características clínicas y demográficas de la COVID prolongada. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance basada en los principios recomendados por el JBI y las directrices del PRISMA para la extracción de datos, realizada a partir de cuatro bases de datos. Se utilizó la estrategia PCC para la r...
We consider a generalized SEIS (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and susceptible) model where individuals are divided into three compartments: S (healthy and susceptible), E (infected but not just infectious, or exposed), and I (infectious). Finite waiting times in the compartments yield a system of delay-differential or memory equations and may e...
Introdução: A vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) é crucial para o controle do câncer no Brasil. Apesar dos esforços, o país ainda não atingiu as metas globais projetadas para 2030 que podem levar à erradicação do câncer do colo do útero após 2050. Objetivo: Descrever a cobertura vacinal contra o HPV, analisar a morbidade hospitalar, além...
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare, malignant aggressive primary lung tumor, which occurs mainly in children of both sexes less than 5 years old. The management is multidisciplinary and prognosis depends on the type at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of PPB where diagnosis was made thanks to chest CT and histopathology. This 12-y...
The main aim of this study is to analyze a fractional parabolic SIR epidemic model of a reaction-diffusion, by using the nonlocal Caputo fractional time-fractional derivative and employing the $p$-Laplacian operator. The immunity is imposed through the vaccination program, which is regarded as a control variable. Finding the optimal control pair th...
Preexisting immunity may be associated with increased protection against non-related pathogens such as, SARS-CoV-2. There is little information regarding endemic human coronaviruses (HCOVs) from Pakistan, which experienced a relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs NL63 and OC43, comparing...
Whenever a mathematical model is suggested to classing COVID-19. The population must be divided into several groups and our model has five groups namely S(t), E(t), I(t), V(t) and R(t) which represent susceptible, exposed, inflected, vaccinated and recovered individuals respectively. This model is a continuous dynamical system where the derivative...
A queda da cobertura vacinal tem gerado impactos significativos na saúde pública, aumentando o risco de reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis, que estavam praticamente erradicadas ou sob controle. O estudo tem por objetivo identificar os impactos da queda da cobertura vacinal na reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa...
This study aims to examine the mathematical model of meningitis transmission as a deterministic model. The model includes five compartments: susceptible (S), carrier (C), infected (I), treatment (T), and recovered (R). We also consider vaccination and screening as interventions in disease transmission. In this work, we obtained two equilibrium poin...
James Barry, nacido como Margaret Ann Bulkley, enfrentó rígidas normas del siglo XIX tras adoptar una identidad masculina para acceder a la medicina, campo prohibido para las mujeres. Tuvo logros destacados como la primera cesárea documentada en el Imperio Británico con supervivencia de madre e hijo, y reformas en hospitales militares que mejoraron...
Objective: To describe the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Jamaica and assess the country’s vaccination and prevention efforts. Methods: This study analyzed the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Jamaica from March 2020 to February 2023 and showed how different factors influenced rate of new cases and dea...
Liposomes and lipid nanoparticles are common lipid-based drug delivery systems and play important roles in cancer treatment and vaccine manufacture. Although significant progress has been made with these lipid-based nanocarriers in recent years, efficient clinical translation of active targeted liposomal nanocarriers remains extremely challenging....
Dengue fever (DF), a leading arboviral disease globally, is caused by the Dengue virus (DENV) and represents a significant public health concern, with an estimated 390 million cases reported annually. Due to the complexity of the various dengue variants and the severity of the disease, vaccination emerges as the essential strategy for combating thi...
„Da geht es mir kalt den Rücken runter“ sagte Markus Lanz in seiner Sendung, als er bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeiten in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit der Corona-Impfung missinterpretierte und versehentlich annahm, die Impfung sei nicht wirksam. Typische Fehler im Umgang mit bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten sind häufig – besonders in sogenannten „Bayesianisc...
Background:
This study investigated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) persistence in clinically recovered local (Lakhimi) and crossbred (Holstein Friesian-cross) cattle in Assam.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 129 cattle (36 local, 93 crossbred) were sampled for oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) at intervals
post-recovery. FMDV detection was conducted...
Invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is one of the leading causes of blood stream infections in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially among children. iNTS can be difficult to diagnose, particularly in areas where malaria is endemic, and difficult to treat, partly because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. We developed a mathematical model to e...
During the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2022 in China, some laboratory workers in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing (NAT) laboratories remained uninfected.
To evaluate if the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reduced in laboratory workers who performed SARS-CoV-2 NAT, and whether this reduction resulted from the healthy worker effect.
This retro...
There is an urgent need to transform immunization programmes into agile learning systems where implementation strategies that are effective within a particular setting can be systematically and rapidly incorporated into policies and practice in other places to drive performance improvement. However, to facilitate the spread of implementation strate...
Introduction
The uptake of vaccines against COVID-19 remains low. Some barriers to childhood vaccination uptake persist, such as parents’ assumption that children are at lower risk of severe COVID-19 and tend to be asymptomatic carriers. This study aims to develop guidance for in-depth interviews for a future qualitative study based on a cross-sect...
La vacunación es una herramienta de salud pública cuyo objetivo es disminuir la incidencia de enfermedades, principalmente infecciosas. Mundialmente se han establecido esquemas de vacunación con el fin de disminuir o erradicar enfermedades y proteger a la población. Sin embargo, en México los esquemas de vacunación no son completados debido a difer...
Early investigation revealed a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among social contacts of COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, referred to as indirect protection. However, indirect protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection-acquired immunity and its comparative strength and durability to vaccine-derived indirect protection in the current epidemiologic con...
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This overview examines the possible interactions between COVID-19 and POI, while also suggesting preventive measures. The viral infection’s inflammatory response and immune dysregulation may adversely affect ovarian tissues, leading to...
This study proposes a dynamical epidemic model \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$SIR$\end{document} incorporating a nonlinear saturated incidence and nonli...
The global monkeypox outbreak presents a significant public health challenge, particularly in India, due to its rapid spread and the complexities of controlling transmission. This commentary discusses the epidemiological trends, transmission dynamics, and the challenges faced in managing the outbreak. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, it revie...
Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), this cross-sectional quantitative study investigated the relationship between key factors and HPV vaccine uptake among Chinese international students (CISs). The sample consisted of 105 CISs attending a southwestern U.S. public university. Participants completed English or Chinese surveys consisting of quest...
To investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases driven by highly contagious pathogens, we propose a fractional-order model for infectious disease spread. The model encapsulates the isolation and vaccination measures by delineating the dynamics of isolated and vaccinated populations. The dynamic properties of the model are examined t...
In this paper, a delayed double-strain influenza model with vaccination and cross-immunity is proposed to explore the effect of coinfection of double-strain on disease spread. First, the nonnegativity and ultimate boundedness of solution are proved. Second, the basic reproduction numbers of strains 1, 2, and the whole model are defined respectively...
Immunoprophylaxis is routinely recommended for infants born to mothers with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection within the first 12-24 hours. Detection of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) resulting from hepatitis B immunoglobulin administered at birth may be perceived as a real vaccine response. This makes it difficult to detect HBV infection. Fo...
Resumo O estudo tem o objetivo de explicitar o discurso do sujeito coletivo de homens adultos e idosos acerca da experiência da COVID longa. Pesquisa qualitativa, derivada de um observatório clínico-virtual multicêntrico nacional envolvendo 92 homens adultos, entre 2022 e 2023 no Brasil. Utilizou-se o software IRaMuTeQ (processamento dos dados) a t...
Resumo Declínios progressivos nas coberturas vacinais vêm sendo registrados no Brasil nos últimos anos. A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe ainda mais desafios para esse cenário. Considerando a pandemia como um acontecimento, objetivou-se analisar a politização das vacinas sob a perspectiva de cuidadores de crianças pequenas. Esta pesquisa qualitativa fo...
Background: Sotrovimab is a neutralising monoclonal antibody that has been proposed as a treatment for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods: In this randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial, several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia. In the sotrovimab comparis...
Vaccination is a fundamental principle of preventive health care. Administration of the vaccine, which contains the antigen(s) of a pathogen, activates the immune system and provides protect