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Usability Studies - Science topic

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during presentation, A question asked by someone,
Usability study: why it has done. What argument you build by this?
what will be my answare of this question.
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Usability studies are conducted to evaluate the user experience of a product or system and identify any issues that may impact the usability of the product. There are several reasons why usability studies are important and can be beneficial:
  1. To improve the user experience: By identifying and addressing usability issues, a usability study can help to improve the overall user experience of a product, making it more intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable to use.
  2. To increase user satisfaction: A product that is easy to use and meets the needs of its users is more likely to be well-received and generate positive feedback. This can lead to increased user satisfaction and loyalty.
  3. To reduce user error: Usability issues can cause users to make mistakes or become frustrated, which can lead to errors or accidents. By identifying and addressing these issues, a usability study can help to reduce user error and increase safety.
  4. To increase efficiency: A product that is easy to use can help users to complete tasks more quickly and efficiently, which can lead to increased productivity and cost savings.
  5. To inform design decisions: A usability study can provide valuable insights and data that can be used to inform design decisions and improve the design of a product.
Overall, usability studies can help to build a strong argument for the importance of user-centered design and the benefits of investing in user experience research and development. By demonstrating the value of usability, a usability study can help to justify the resources and effort required to make improvements and optimize the user experience of a product.
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Please suggest me some journals for usability studies, especially for non human computer interactive products like water bottle, sanitizer container etc.
Thank You
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There is actually a journal called "Journal of Usability Studies".
Other journals that might be useful:
Applied Ergonomics
Ergonomics in Design
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  • Heart rate variability (HRV) & Emotion recognition
  1. How to classify different emotions using Heart rate variability (HRV)?
  2. What is your recommendation for above-mentioned purpose?
  3. Which statistical tool/software(s) is (are) preferable for classifying emotions?
Thanks in advance,
Subhankar Banerjee
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I am sorry that I am also offering a rather critical comment concerning the project itself instead of recommending the tools you asked for.
Heart rate will vary with the degree of arousal, but emotion space is three-dimensional. Therefore, you will fail in distinguishing between emotions that vary on the other dimensions, especially between good and bad emotions. What is more, the emotions need to be fairly extreme to show up in the heartrate. A high heartrate can occur with joy or with fear, and a low heartrate can appear with sadness as well as with silent contentedness, as we all know from experience.
Ever since the idea of emotional computing has come up, people have tried to infer emotions from physiological or behavioural parameters (e.g. facial expressions) or both. No viable solution has ever been demonstrated in all these years, even if skin conductance, respiration or whatever has been included in the measurements. So better forget the whole idea.
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My team and I have developed a prototype of an augmented reality mobile application for teaching primary school students human anatomy. We are going to do a usability testing and evaluation with the primary school students using FUN toolkit, and we are also going to conduct an expert review using heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough. Furthermore, we also want the teachers to test the app, and to evaluate the usability in the context of their students' usage. However, the teachers are neither usability experts nor end-users so what is the most appropriate method for them regarding usability testing, survey design etc? Do you have any recommendations for usability testing methods, survey design/template etc.?
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I would let the teachers have a test run and then interview them afterwards about their pedagogical views. I see no real need for a CW with the teachers. I would include them in the test with children though. They will be of great help in verbalizing issues that the kids cannot identify themselves and they know the children and are expert about children’s behavior. Ideally you’d let the teachers play fist so they know the interface. My2Cents
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I have two sets, one contains 8 experts and the other contains 29 novices. Both evaluated their experience with 5 different questionnaires(e.g. 5-point, 10-point, and 21-points Likert style scales). The responses are non-normally distributed. Which type of non parametric test is applicable to compare the sum? And which is suite to reckon single item? Do I need a post hoc test?
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Dear Meng Li,
I believe Mann-Whitney U test would be a proper choice to compare two-groups, on non-normal scales.
If you consider to compare the effect of scales as well, you can convert the data on different scales into a single scale (e.g. 0-101). See below paper for an example:
Hope this helps.
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Since most user research or often called UX research deals with software design, I am wondering where I can find information on methods (e.g., interviews, card sorting), tools (e.g., eye tracking), and best practices (e.g., A/B testing) especially in the area of hardware design.
Thank you very much for any advice,
Jonas
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Dear Jonas,
a lot of "classics" in the field of UX/ Usability or Interaction Design are actually not tied to only software design. Most methods are applicable to hardware design, too, including all sorts of every day things (referring to the classical example "the design of everyday things" by Norman).
You might also want to look at DIN EN ISO 9241 specifically parts like 210, 110... whatever fits your needs.
The key point here "what fits your needs", "what is the problem" and "what is your goal".
A good book about general "HCI" research methods is for example:
Lazar, J., Feng, J. H., & Hochheiser, H. (2017). Research methods in human-computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann.
All the best for your research!
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Is there a way to measure Cognitive Affordance of an Interaction Design or has anyone come accross such an idea or an attempt to do so?
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Dear Ms. Janki Dodiya,
There are a few usability metrics methods that can be used to help map not only users' mental model, but also to understand the relation between users' expectations and affordances. I often like to use Think-aloud Protocol for digital experiences and Task-Flow observation for physical experiences.
Hope these are useful. Let me know if you would like to discuss further about the subject.
All the best,
Adriano Renzi
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Hi,
I have a recorded video in .mp4 format which has cursor movements in it. This was done using a video screenshot software. I need to have a static summary of the cursor movements made on the screen or heat maps for the movements made. Are there any free online softwares for achieving this?
Thanks,
Abhijai
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Thanks Adriano.
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Hi,
I am testing different levels of product/system training to participants (independent variable), with task performance on the product (dependent variable).
Can I generalise the results of this study to another product within the same domain, i.e. from a website to a smartphone application?
I would appreciate if anyone can share any research paper showing results of this or could help me with my query.
Regards,
Abhijai Miglani
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Thanks Dr. Horvath. Appreciate your response.
Regards,
Abhijai Miglani
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Design problem- If we have 3 UI concepts: A, B and C and we would like to quantify which one is better out of the three, can heuristic evaluation be used? Constraints: only low fidelity prototypes are available and context is based on participants' envisioning power. Also, how large the sample should be to prevent inter-rater bias?
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Hi,
it's a common misunderstanding that HE is an expert technique. Reviewers need to be briefed about the heuristics, but in principle anyone qualifies. Of course experts are better, in particular domain experts (you need accounting knowledge to review an accounting app). It's more important to have multiple reviewers, as each one catches only a subset of issues.
You may also consider Cognitive Walkthrough (https://experience.sap.com/skillup/debugging-design-cognitive-walkthrough-with-build/; also works on paper),
or, to work with end users, Click-Thru Interviews (https://experience.sap.com/skillup/usability-on-the-fast-track/).
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Hi,
I am planning to conduct usability testing for a motorcycle HMI. The HMI has a joystick which can control the menu of the HMI (only when the biker is not riding the bike). I am thinking of measuring intuitiveness of the HMI, general user experience, Workload and Affect. Intuitiveness of the HMI would be measured for the case when the biker is riding the bike. Other variables would be measured for the case when the biker is not riding the bike. Should I measure any other variables as well?
Any suggestions on how to measure intuitiveness/glanceability of the HMI? I am planning to measure intuitiveness of the HMI as glanceability of the motorcycle HMI is critical considering the biker's safety (Eyes off the road has to be as minimal as possible while ensuring grasp of information from HMI).
It would be also great if anyone can share any literature regarding motorcycle HMI.
Thanks.
Abhijai
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Hi Abhijai,
we've conducted quite some studies related to motorcycle HMIs at our institue (WIVW). As Patrick stated, your measures depend on your specific use case, research question etc. Some studies related to secondary task engagement and HMI have been conducted on our motorcycle riding simulator. Maybe these studies could help:
  • Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’ display and control concepts – results from a pilot study
  • Method to Assess the Processing of Optical Information by Non-primary Riding Tasks while Riding a Motorcycle
You should find both studies here on research gate.
Best regards, Sebastian
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Hello professionals, my problem is that my university does not allow me to use qualitative interview methods to investigate the usage context of a web form that I have to create.
It is a form where people should be able to order an individual song from a musician. There is already competition out there, but how can I get the usage context out of a competition analysis?
If you have any ideas, please let me know. It would be great if you could point me to some books which could contain an answer.
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A think aloud protocol would be a better way to validate the usage scenario.
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GIFT is a free, open-source modular architecture for authoiring and evaluating intelligent tutoring systems.  I am interested in identifying participants for a usability study which will examine how much time it takes to author one hour of adaptive instruction.  The literature shows 200-300 hours, but we believe it is less with the GIFT authoring tools.
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Sure.  You are welcome to count me in.
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Dear online map makers and researchers, could you point to any recent (less than five years) online PPGIS that allows customisation of functionalities to engage lay users in spatial planning?
I am looking to perform comparative usability studies of different online mapping tools for public participation.
I am coming across a number of commercial applications of varying relevance and costs, but many of them are too costly or limited in their range of functionalities. There have been a number of research-led applications, but many of them are obsolete or the researchers have moved to industry or other exciting projects. 
Here is a doi link to the abstract of a recent article, entitled "Toward Cyborg PPGIS":
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Hi Ian, 
ArcGIS Online offers to my understanding some PPGIS capabilities in their Survey123 extension, but it is not opensource. You can build some fuctionalities quite easily on top of Google Maps, but I at least have limited knowledge on how the dataset created this way look like. 
Greg Brown builds his PPGIS solutions "in-house", Aalto University nowadays buys Maptionnaire from Mapita Ltd. as a SaaS, and actually Mapita has been offering Maptionnaire to quite many universities recently. So it depends a bit on what you aim to do, but I believe if you want to do public participation with maps, Mapita has a solution that might come quite handy. 
I am happy to have a chat over the Skype, if you wish.
And just to make this clear for others - I used to work for Aalto University where I used and developed PPGIS tools in many years, and nowadays I work in Mapita Ltd. Ian and I have met previously.
Kind regards, and sorry for the slight product placement.  
Anna
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I was doing research on various usability techniques to measure ERP usability. I found many frameworks but found Purdue Usability Testing Questionnaire(PUTQ) and Software Usability Measurement Inventory(SUMI) match with usability criteria. Need suggestions. Thanks
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What exactly is the focus of these interviews?
  1. Do you want to triangulate your findings?
  2. Do you want to follow up on them by investigating the underlying reasons for your findings?
  3. Do you intend to find solutions for the weaknesses you have identified?
Substantiating the research question will be the first half of the answer, already.
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Most structured observation methods that i found during my research cover an educational context and are very specific. 
I search for a method or instrument that covers indirect performance evaluation (usability tests).
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I am trying to understand the differences between the framework and tools, in the field of usability engineering?
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A TOOL is an instrument for special functions in software and system design. It has predefined inputs an delivers predefined outputs.
A FRAMEORK is a wider term. It is an amount of different TOOLs and design procedures in order to create a wider product f. i :  a  new software system (from analysing of the necessary problem till testing of all evaluated new software) or creating a new software language (including a parser as TOOL).
So a development of a TOOL can be made by an own FRAMEWORK. 
 A FRAMEWORK includes mental creativity a TOOL needs human factorized usability only.  
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I have seen a lot of papers claim that their system or technique is good based on result of post study system usability questionnaire (IBM), but they did not give any reference to compare with. I don't know if there is standard score to compare with?
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Hello Zheng,
I think that the right questionnaire selection depends on your goals and the amount of effort that you want to invest, and of course the system that you're trying to assess.
There are several available tools:
If you want to publish your results, I suggest that you review papers from the conference or journal to see which one is used the most.
On other topic, I agree with Ather Nawaz, if you have recordings of transcripts of your evaluations, you could categorize the comments' polarity and establish your metrics based on that review.
Best of luck.
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If something isn’t performing well, you have to go be a detective and figure out why. That’s the essence of doing user testing. Usability testing is a qualitative method of research which is much better suited for answering question about why or how to fix a problem. I have attached a sample template
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The only possible answer is: it depends.
It depends on the scope of your system/website how many users you need to elicit all the problems. It depends on how sure you want to be that you have found every problem (this is less crucial when more iterations are foreseen). In my view, usability testing is not about creating generalisable results, but about finding problems. And a problem that has only been found once, may be just as important as a problem that has been found numerous times. Proper classification of problem severity should solve this. Therefore, I'm not really fond of publications that state you should have 10 users. period.
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I looking for such questionnaire to help in carrying out an experiment to measure the usability of different approaches to access mobile apps after being downloaded.
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Thanks Matthias, may ihave a copy of your questionnaire?