Urination - Science topic

Aims: Micturition depends on a complex voluntary and involuntarily neuronal network located at various levels of the nervous system. The mechanism is highly dependent on the hierarchical organization of central nervous system pathways. If the role of the cortex and brainstem centres is well established, the role of other subcortical areas structur...

Henry Miller stated that “to relieve a full bladder is one of the great human joys”. Urination is critically important in health and ailments of the lower urinary tract cause high pathological burden. Although there have been advances in understanding the central circuitry in the brain that facilitates urination1–3, there is a lack of in-depth mech...

Urination on carpet and subflooring can develop into a persistent and challenging problem when trying to mitigate odor. Very little or no information is published on how volatile organic compounds (VOCs) change over time when urine is deposited on a carpet covering a plywood-type subflooring. This research has investigated the VOCs emitted from car...

Introduction: The Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptom is pivotal for the Sasang type classification and pattern identification. The Sasang Urination and Defecation Inventory (SUDI) for urinary function analysis was developed; however, the clinical usefulness of urination-related subscales of SUDI in the Sasang type and Cold-Heat subgro...

Urination on carpet and subflooring can develop into persistent and challenging to mitigate odor. Very little or no information is published on how these VOCs change over time when urine is deposited on the carpet covering a plywood-type subflooring. This research has investigated the VOCs emitted from carpet+subflooring (control), carpet+subfloori...

Background: This study will examine the effectiveness and safety of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods: We will retrieve the following electronic databases from their commencements to the March 1, 2020 to discover all related potential studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochr...

The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) is reported to be between 15–29%, this however includes ages across the lifespan, and with no description of impact on daily life. The present study, aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in men with D/BMD, and to identify which aspects of d...

Background Little is known about action taken by female sex workers (FSWs) after condom failure during sexual intercourse. The objective of this study was to investigate the actions taken by FSWs after condom failure among FSWs in semi – urban, Blantyre in Malawi. Methods A cross sectional, qualitative study was conducted among FSWs in Blantyre, Ma...

Background Endometriosis is a debilitating gynecologic disease characterized by the implantation of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations, with signs of severe and chronic inflammation. The new knowledge on endometriosis has highlighted the value of secondary prevention through the early diagnosis and treatment of lesions to reduce serious conseq...

The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a rodent that has gained importance as a biomedical research model for various conditions including hypoxic brain injury, cancer and nociception. It is captured from the wild and housed under laboratory conditions during research. Much is unknown about how to optimize housing conditions for the animals...

OBJECTIVES To prospectively investigate the alterations and normal ranges of ureteral jet dynamics after double-J-stent (DJS) removal in patients who underwent renal transplantation (RTx). METHODS Patients who underwent RTx were prospectively evaluated between November 2017 and June 2018. After RTx, Doppler ultrasonography (D-US) was performed on...

The plant Solanum nigrum Linn.is a herb form the family of Solanacea. The plant is rich in nutrients, phytochemicals and possess amazing nutraceutical potential. The study intended to compare in-vitro antioxidant activity and acute toxicity level of fresh and steamed Solanum nigrum Linn. leaves. Aqueous extracts of fresh and steamed leaves were pre...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling phenomenon that is described by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Not only gait may be involved in the freezing phenomenon, but also some nonmotor symptoms, such as freezing of urination (FOU) in this case. The characters of urinary dysfunctions in this case resemble "off" freezing: (1) abrupt difficulty...

Shift workers often experience problems associated with circadian disruption associated with artificial light at night and nocturia is commonly noted in night-shift workers. Nocturia associated with circadian disruption is due to increased urine production of the kidney and decreased storage function of the bladder. A recent discovery of peripheral...

The decision to urinate is a social behavior that is calculated multiple times a day. Many animals perform urine scent-marking which broadcasts their pheromones to regulate the behavior of others and humans are trained at an early age to urinate only at a socially acceptable time and place. The inability to control when and where to void, that is i...

Lagopsis supina is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and used as an agent for diuresis in China for centuries. This is the first time to evaluate the diuretic activity of the ethanol extract of L. supina (LS) and its four fractions (LSA, LSB, LSC, and LSD) in normal rats. After the administration of LS-H, LS-M, LSB-H, and LSC-L, the urine o...

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pelvic floor muscle training with surface electromyographic (sEMG) biofeedback (BF group) and Pilates exercises (P group) on the bioelectrical activity of pelvic floor muscles in women with stress urinary incontinence. The other aim aim was to compare changes in voiding diaries and scores on qualit...

Background Understanding reasons for and impact of women’s toileting behaviors on bladder health is important to prevent and manage urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB). Methods Women, regardless of urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) status, were recruited in Pennsylvania and North Carolina. Focus groups were...

A community-based study was carried out in Alshajarah District, in the capital of Sudan to measure the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in children. A framework of children population was listed, and 240 children were selected using systemic random sampling technique. The relevant data were collected using questionnaire and microscopic examina...

Aims: To assess the efficacy of a micronized-palmitoylethanolamide-polydatin (m-PEA-Pol) based product on chronic pelvic pain and severity of other symptoms in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients refractory to conventional therapies. Methods: A pilot, open-label bicentric study was carried out involving 32 IC/BPS patien...

This scoping review explores the state of science regarding women’s toileting behaviors, gaps in knowledge, and areas for future research. Online databases were searched to identify papers published in English between January 2010 through July 2019; the search identified 25 articles. The Toileting Behaviors–Women’s Elimination Behaviors scale has b...

Objectives Postmicturition dribble (PMD) is a very common symptom in males with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) worldwide, but there is no adequate questionnaire to assess it. Therefore, we developed a questionnaire named the Hallym Post Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ) to assess PMD, and the aim of this study is to validate it. Metho...

In upcoming fourth industrial revolution era, it is inevitable to address smart healthcare as not only scientist but also clinician. We have the task to plan and realize this through human imagination, creativity, and applicability for the clarification of the direction of the development and utilization of this technology. One thing that is clear...

Urination and/or defecation outside a designated location has been reported as the most common behavioural reason for surrendering a cat and comprises approximately 30% of cat intakes to shelters. The objective of this study was to determine whether cats would increase in-box elimination when provided a plant-based litter product with attractant (A...

Background This study aimed to investigate effects of intra-operative administration with dexmedetomidine (Dex) on hemodynamics and renal function in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Material/Methods Our randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted among 40 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice between Aug...

Introduction Current treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) are often discontinued due to side effects or lack of efficacy. The goal of this study was to determine if combining a phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor (PDE4i); with a type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i); would have a beneficial effect on OAB symptoms and if a reduced dose of PDE4i in combination...

Many animal species use scent marks such as feces, urine, and glandular secretions to find mates, advertise their reproductive status, and defend an exclusive territory. Scent marking may be particularly important during dispersal, when individuals emigrate from their natal territory searching for mates and a new territory to settle and reproduce....

Background: Danggui Beimu Kushen Wan (DBKW) was initially known for difficult urination in pregnancy and has been widely used for prostate disorders in modern days. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the implications of DBKW in traditional evidence. Methods: The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine was searched to identify t...

Introduction: adequate hydration status is crucial in most physiological functions; conversely, its assessment is hindered by the limited availability of research tools. Objective: to develop and validate a novel questionnaire that evaluates the hydration status of a healthy adult Spanish population. Method: a novel questionnaire was designed...

In the rat, oxytocin (OT) produces dose-dependent diuretic and natriuretic responses. Post-translational enzymatic conversion of the OT biosynthetic precursor forms both mature and C-terminally extended peptides. The plasma concentrations of these C-terminally extended peptides (OT-G; OT-GK and OT-GKR) are elevated in newborns and pregnant rats. In...

Background: It is unclear whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation for lower rectal cancer causes a deterioration in urinary function. This study aimed to prospectively compare the postoperative urinary function of patients with lower rectal cancer treated by surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiation with that of patients treated with surgery alone. Met...

Objectives: To determine the differences between voiding symptoms obtained by open anamnesis (VS-Open) versus voiding symptoms obtained by directed anamnesis (VSDirected) to predict voiding dysfunction in women. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of women with prior anti-incontinence surgery evaluated during 5 years. In a standardized cl...

The process of diagnosing of prostate cancer using traditional methods is cumbersome because of the similarity of symptoms that are present in other diseases. Soft Computing (SC) paradigms which mimic human imprecise data manipulation and learning capabilities have been reviewed and harnessed for diagnosis and classification of prostate cancer. SC...

The study aim was to investigate the anti-stress effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated test formulation using behavioral tests, hormonal levels and antioxidants in male Sprague Dawley rats. The test formulation was divided into two parts, one was represented as control, while the other was treated with Biofield Energy by Mr. Mahendra Kumar...

Background The pathophysiological symptom of Sasang typology is essential for getting clinical diagnosis and analyzing treatment effects. The clinical index for examining urination and defecation related symptoms were developed and validated with established clinical measures. Methods Questionnaire items of six subscales of Sasang Urination and Def...

Objective: To report success and patient reported urinary and sexual outcomes of patients who underwent anastomotic urethroplasty and dorsal buccal onlay urethroplasty. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent primary transecting anastomotic or dorsal buccal onlay urethroplasty for bulbar strictures at our institution between 1998 and 2015...

Purpose In recent years, the importance of patient satisfaction and quality of life—referred to as patient-related outcomes— has been emphasized, in addition to the evaluation of symptoms and severity through questionnaires. However, the questionnaires that can be applied to Korean patients with neurogenic bladder are limited. Therefore, the curren...

We analyzed three urinary positions (standing, seating and squatting) through mathematical model and real condition of tested subjects, and concluded that male subjects has the biggest bladder discharge in squatting position. With new recommended habits for bladder discharge, the number of urinary tract infections is decreased. Idex Term-biomechani...

Female urethral strictures are rare. Guidelines on how to diagnose and treat these strictures are lacking. At present, only expert opinion is available to guide clinical practice. Once the diagnosis is suspected based on obstructive voiding symptoms and uroflowmetry, most clinicians will use in addition video-urodynamics (including urethrography),...

Menstrual pain, also known as dysmenorrhea, is a leading risk factor for bladder pain syndrome (BPS). A better understanding of the mechanisms that predispose dysmenorrheic women to BPS is needed to develop prophylactic strategies. Abnormal autonomic regulation, a key factor implicated in BPS and chronic pain, has not been adequately characterized...

The behavioral and endocrine activation of sexual behaviors exhibited by male goats, especially self-enurination (SE), is poorly understood. In the first experiment, to assess the influence of socio-sexual context on SE in bucks, the effects of distance from does, the presence of estrous versus non-estrous does and the presence of another buck on S...

Children with intellectual disability (ID) have deficit in their adaptive functions, such as self-care in practical domain. The skill of self-care in moderate ID children can develop after being trained, although it takes a long time. One of skills that can be developed is urination skill. Urination skill is important to teach on children with ID s...

Purpose To assess the utility of voided volume on initial uroflowmetry in predicting symptom severity in men with storage symptoms. In addition, we assessed the probability that men would show a voided volume of ≥ 150 mL on uroflowmetry if the examination is repeated. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, 352 men with storage symptoms were enrolled in th...

Objectives: To assess the improvement of symptoms by sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in an objective way by carrying out an ambulatory urodynamic study (ambulatory-UDS). Until now, successful treatment has been defined as a ≥50% improvement recorded on voiding diaries. Voiding diaries are a patient reported outcome tool. A tool with less bias is desi...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in the elderly male population, has conventionally treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). During recent years, newer minimally invasive therapies (MITs) have entered the playing field and challenged TURP with their convenience, lack of sexual side...

Background Some patients with low rectal cancer experience anorectal and urogenital dysfunctions after surgery, which can influence the long-term quality of life. In this study, we aimed to protect nerve function in such scenarios by performing intraoperative monitoring of pelvic autonomic nerves (IMPAN). Patients and methods We retrospectively in...

The present study seeks to present a single-blind, randomized control trial of a hypothermic anti-inflammatory device, the endorectal cooling balloon (ECB), to assess whether regional hypothermia could improve 90-day and time to pad-free continence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Five high-volume surgeons at three institution...

Urination (also called micturition) is thought to be regulated by a neural network that is distributed in both subcortical and cortical regions. Previously, urination-related neurons have been identified in subcortical structures such as the pontine micturition center (also known as Barrington’s nucleus). However, the origin of the descending corti...

This study aims to investigate the real indications for low-dose tamsulosin monotherapy for initial treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 1643 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and with initial low-dose tamsulosin. Initial pretreatment data including the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), prostate...

Aims To investigate the effect of a free radical scavenger (tempol) after relief of partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) on bladder function in a rat model. Methods pBOO was induced in 50 eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats and relieved 3 weeks later. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: sham-operated, tempol-treated for 1 week...

This study aimed to determine serial changes in self-assessed goal achievement (SAGA) and treatment satisfaction after HoLEP, to identify correlations between the two, and to compare them with results assessed by traditional outcome measures. For a total of 170 patients, outcomes were evaluated serially at postoperative 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months us...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate trial feasibility and explore the potential efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Method: A randomized, controlled, cross-over, assessor blinded design was used. This study was conducted in an outpatient department of a university hospital in Republic of Korea. T...

Purpose: Though it is very important obtaining exact data about patients' voiding patterns for managing voiding dysfunction, actual practice is very difficult and cumbersome. In this study, data about urination time and interval measured by smart band device on patients' wrist were collected and analyzed to resolve the clinical arguments about the...

A Urine Monitoring Device (UMOD) has been designed and implemented for monitoring postoperative urination. This device has been created primarily to assist nurses and doctors monitor patients during their postoperative and recovery period. Furthermore, to reduce the burden of the nursing staff required to regularly monitor and empty the urine bags...

Deficits in urologic function after spinal cord injury (SCI) manifest both as a failure to store and empty, greatly impacting daily life. While current management strategies are necessary for urological maintenance, they oftentimes are associated with life-long side effects. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of spinal cord epidural stim...

Emerging qualitative research suggests women's sanitation experiences may impact mental health. However, specific associations remain unclear. We aimed to determine if sanitation access and sanitation experiences were associated with mental health among women in rural Odisha, India. Using a cross-sectional design, we evaluated the association betwe...

To improve the overall welfare levels of sows and to reduce stress levels at late 35-day lactation, we selected targeted behavioral indicators that might be associated with stress. Therefore, we monitored and evaluated the adaptive capability of two different breeds of sows to the farrowing environment. In this study, Damin sows (Large White × Min...

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the oral fennel effects on the menopausal symptoms. Material and methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on fifty postmenopausal women in Mashhad (Iran). Patients randomly divided into two groups of fennel (n = 25) and placebo (n=25). The measurements were carr...

Five yak including two males and three females, weighing 60-250 kg, were administered acepromazine maleate (0.15 mg/kg bodyweight, intravenously) followed by 6% chloromag (1:1; 4 g/50 kg body weight) to effectively induce the sedation with analgesia and muscle relaxation within 5 min, marked by depressed protective reflexes, unresponsiveness to noc...

Micturition behavior follows regular day/night fluctuations, and unwanted increase in micturition could occur during night in jet lag condition. To clarify the effect of jet lag on micturition behavior, we simultaneously detected circadian micturition patterns and locomotor activity rhythms of mice under experimental jet lag conditions, by applying...

Aims To psychometrically evaluate the Impact of Nighttime Urination (INTU) questionnaire, a new patient‐reported outcome measure developed to assess the impact of nocturia on health and functioning in a multicenter, behavioral modification (fluid restriction) study. Methods Participants aged 50‐95 years with at least two voiding episodes/night for...

Aims This study describes development of the Impact of Nighttime Urination (INTU) questionnaire to assess nocturia impacts on health and functioning. Methods Development of the questionnaire followed an iterative patient‐directed process as recommended by current guidance for patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures. An initial 15‐item questionnair...

Background: Decreased residual urine volume (RUV) is associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis (HD). However, few studies have examined RUV in patients on HD in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of RUV among incident hemodialysis patients in Kinshasa. Methods: This historical cohort study enrolled 250 pa...

Breeding behaviour of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) is more conspicuous in the wild than captivity where individuals do not achieve enough chance to show normal behaviour. These behavioural changes were observed in wild and captive sites of Punjab province of Pakistan from April 2013 to December 2013. Animals were observed randomly using scan sampli...

Background: The evaluation of chronic pelvic and perineal pain (CPP) is often complex. The patient's description of the pain often appears to be disproportionate to the limited findings on physical examination and/or complementary investigations. The concept of central sensitization may allow better understanding and management of patients with CP...

Removal of a urinary catheter from the urethra and subsequent monitoring for the passage of urine is known as a ‘trial without catheter’. With up to 100 million urinary catheters being in use at any one time (Havard, 2014) and up to 90 000 patients with long-term catheters in the UK community (Gage et al, 2017), their removal is likely to be a freq...

Background Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by typical motor impairment. However, lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary urgency or frequency, which are non-motor phenomena, occur frequently among patients with IPD. In this study, we assess the risk of overactive bladder (OAB) i...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of portable bladder scanner postvoid residual (PVR) volume measurements in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. A secondary goal was to determine whether covariates such as bladder volume and stage of prolapse affect bladder scanner accuracy. Study design: Complex urodynamic stud...

Background: Overactive bladder is stated as the occurrence of urinary urgency which will cause negative impacts and decrease patients' health-related quality of life. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the efficiency and safety of acupuncture for adults with overactive bladder (OAB) comparing with sham-acupuncture, drugs, and acupunctu...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease, affecting a majority of elderly men worldwide. Medical management of BPH is an alternative to surgical treatment of this disease. Currently, α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) antagonists are among the first line drugs to treat BPH by reducing the tension of urinary track and thus the obstru...

Purpose: To determine changes in autonomic nervous system activity after treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we evaluated changes in patients' symptoms, uroflowmetry, and heart rate variability (HRV) after treatment with alpha-blockers for 12 weeks. Materials and methods: Ninety-five men who had LUTS (International Prostat...

Clitoria Ternatea is one of four herbs traditionally used as Shanka Pushpi, an Ayurvedic medicine used to promote neurological health. It shows promise in animal models for its memory enhancing effects, and has a wide spectrum of neurological benefits (anti-depression, anxiolytic, anti-pyretic) yet for these latter claims preliminary evidence sugge...

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and post-void residual (PVR) urine volume. Materials and methods: Between October 2014 and February 2015, older than 40 years patients were included in this study. Volunteers filled out a questionnaire consisted of demographic cha...

There is increasing evidence for a role of MaxiK potassium channel-activity in regulating the metabolism and intracellular signaling of non-contractile bladder mucosal tissues. At present however no studies have determined the impact of urothelial MaxiK-activity on overall bladder metabolism. To address this we have investigated the effect of bladd...

Purpose To simultaneously monitor electrical discharges in various bladder regions and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) during voiding contractions, and to assess the functional role of myogenic modulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) by ionotropic purinergic receptors containing the P2X3 subunit. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were an...

This article explores the individual, situational, and system roles influencing the 2011 incident in which a small unit of US Marine scout snipers urinated on three Taliban corpses. Without absolving individual responsibility, the authors emphasize a strong command climate is the most important influence behind ethical and professional behavior.

The role of the P2Y6 receptor in bladder function has recently attracted a great deal of attention in lower urinary tract research. We conducted this study to determine contributions of the P2Y6 receptor in lower urinary tract function of normal phenotypes by comparing P2Y6-deficient mice and wild-type mice. In in vivo experiments, P2Y6-deficient m...

Background Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common in primary care resulting in substantial costs. Since antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics for UTIs is rising, accurate diagnosis is needed in settings with low rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness of different strategies to di...

Background Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) comprise a highly prevalent chronic condition among the aging male population. Existing literature on the experiences of men with LUTS is scarce given that only a few studies explored medical care-seeking behaviors and coping strategies. The current understanding of the experiences of elderly males wit...