Urbanization - Science topic

The results of many studies conducted on this issue confirm that rapid and unsustainable urban development, especially in developing countries, leads to many problems, such as slums, lack of infrastructure, environmental pollution and crime. Slums, which are the result of population migration and lack of planning, are characterised by a lack of basic amenities. The lack of infrastructure makes communication and access to services difficult. Environmental pollution has a negative impact on the health of residents. Crime, often related to poverty, reduces the sense of security. Solving these problems requires spatial planning, investment in infrastructure, the development of public transport and the improvement of living conditions in slums. In addition to this solution, the planning and development of urban agglomerations according to the principles of sustainable, green smart cities is also important. Research plays an important role in solving these problems.

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this matter?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Urbanization fundamentally alters the relationship between humans and nature by replacing natural landscapes with artificial, built environments. This transformation shifts the balance between ecological systems and human activity, often prioritizing development over the preservation of natural habitats. As cities grow, they consume resources at an accelerated rate, but they also become hubs for innovation, incorporating sustainable practices like green architecture and urban farming. While urbanization can create a sense of disconnection from the natural world, it simultaneously fosters novel ways to reconnect, such as renewable energy initiatives and the integration of green spaces within urban settings. This complex dynamic redefines both how we depend on and interact with the natural world.

As for any proceeds from mining, traditional care takers should have say how much they want to keep for rehabilitations and the rest goes to the Commonwealth.

As for HK, do you want to be Singapore II or the united Middle Kingdom?

Global south urbanisation and urban governance are quite tricky because the urban governance system does not seem to work as expected by planners and policy makers either because governance systems are imported or governance supporting regulatory frameworks are ineffective; the end result is widespread urban informality. Alternative and effective measures are required if we can achieve planned urban growth.

I am wondering what percentage of the total landmass in the EU is considered as domestic/private gardens (with or without allotments/community gardens), but not limited to data solely from allotments? Or what percentage of urban green areas in the European Union is considered as domestic gardens? Could someone provide reliable data on this along with a reference? Many thanks in advance.

I'm trying to embark on a new research topic, I would like to have your opinions and suggestions

This is an essay question requiring the following;

1.     Urban Sociology – Meaning, Definition & Characteristics. 2.     Problems of Urbanisation in Eswatini 3.     Significance of urban sociology in restraining urban problems. 4.     Summary and conclusion 5.     References

To learn the structures of scientific thought.

Los Olvidados(1950) Referencia a La Ley de Wagner

Los Olvidados comienza con la modernidad descrita por líderes gobermentales como una celebración, sino, la película, casí completamente, se trata de los pobres(especialmente los niños) , quienes tal vez se quedan en los tiempos oscuros. Aún más peor, los pobres son golpeados por las externalidades negativas del crecimiento de las industrias. Y la urbanización, especialmente, trae más crimenes y conflicto. Y El director de la escuela granjera portándose como la figura paternal del protagonista Pedro, llama tal vez por más ayuda bienestar gobermentalmente implementada.

Work Cited

Buñuel, Luis . "Los Olvidados(película completa) - Luis Buñuel 1950." YouTube.com, uploaded by Diego Battistessa, 12 Oct. 2017, youtu.be/hSGlpXcLtY8?si=cPR1d0rmknseM8ik.

Ohnemus , Alexander . "The Post-Eisenhower and Wagner Effect." ResearchGate.net . www.researchgate.net/publication/373629748_The_Post-Eisenhower_and_Wagner_Effect. Accessed 10 Sep. 2023.

Recently, I have analyzed the relationship between urbanization and nitrogen deposition. The research area is in Tianjin, where the soil nutrient content is relatively low and the soil is weakly alkaline (7.26-8.64). We did not directly measure nitrogen deposition, but indirectly represented nitrogen deposition through NO2 data from meteorological monitoring points (results from other cities). The results also indicate a quadratic function relationship between them. Based on data on soil available nitrogen content, pH, and plant leaf nitrogen content (woody and herbaceous), we found that soil available nitrogen decreased with an increase in distance from the city center (or atmospheric NO2 content), while pH showed the opposite trend, with higher pH in areas with high urbanization (or atmospheric NO2 content). Plant leaves also exhibit higher nitrogen content as they are farther away from the city center (or with lower NO2). According to existing research results, urbanization is usually accompanied by high nitrogen deposition, manifested as higher soil available nitrogen and obvious soil acidification in areas with high urbanization. Even if the system experiences nitrogen saturation, the input and output of nitrogen will still be equivalent. And our results on soil and plants are more like a decrease in nitrogen deposition in areas with high urbanization.I would like to know which details were overlooked in our analysis or which factors should be considered to address the problem we are. Any relevant discussions are appreciated.

In view of fast , increasing urbanisation and industrialisations , in addition to disturbed climating condition. as well as Deforestation and loss of water bodies , Our water requirements becoming more and more. it becomes necessary to think about future prospect of water for survival.

Cata Suárez-Tovar and I have just submitted as special issue proposal to Animal Behaviour journal on the above topic. This proposal has been accepted so we are now looking for possible participants.

The proposal background is as follows.

Foraging behavior is linked to individual fitness and survival, and is particularly affected by environmental changes as human disturbance. In this regard, we are starting to understand the adaptations that allow animals to survive in man-driven environments. This information is still disorganized in the literature and, given this, we are still unaware of the following: a) whether animals have converged/diverged in their foraging strategies; b) to what extent foraging theory applies to urbanized environments where, for example, complexity of prey diversity is reduced; c) whether simplicity of urbanized areas facilitates foraging abilities such as learning; d) how predators from different taxonomic groups have adapted to forage in urbanized environments. Our proposal of a special issue is novel and, as implied above, intends to provide an updated, state-of-the-art revision of the above topics. We aim to invite authors from diverse backgrounds in terms of country origin and gender. The idea is to gather 6-8 papers from senior and young scientists. Animal Behaviour is possibly the most important journal in the field.

Nigeria urban population has grown from 20% of the total in 1920 to 65% in 2020 and is projected to continue growing to 75% by 2050. While the rural population is expected to decline in 2050, the urban population is expected to increase from the current 155 million in 2020 to 180 million by 2050.[4] This upward trend of urbanization is expected to continue in both more developed regions and less developed regions.

Are people happier living in the rural area or in a Urban area? The urban/rural gap is present regardless of country income level (based on World Bank classifications). Individuals living in cities are more likely to report access to financial resources, the ability to afford food, and having people they can rely on. people living in rural areas are less likely to report that they have a bank account than those in Urban areas. This is most pronounced in low-income states. Lack of access to bank accounts can substantially affect peoples' lives.

For my dissertation, I monitored a population of blue-tits looking at whether different pollutants and environmental factors had an effect on breeding success, and I want to know which effects are the strongest. My dataset is relatively large, with close to 100 nest boxes across 9 different sites. Is it possible to use a GLMM in this situation where I only have what I think are random effects?

Thanks

(Using SPSS)

Urbanization, besides different benefits over time, has also caused various diseases. In addition to biological factors, environmental factors such as urban lifestyle also play a role in cancer. Is Cancer an Urban Disease? As an urban planner, how do you analyze the impact of the city on cancer?

The tempo of Urbanisation, Density, Proximity, Discontinuity, etc or something else.

Under the hegemonic capitalist ideology, it seems that leaders have achieved confidence in promoting both the SDGs and smart urbanisation.

However, evidence from the 2018 SDG Index and Dashboards Report shows that none of the developed and developing nations globally is on track towards achieving all the goals by 2030. The slowest progress is being made on some of the environmental goals (Abdul Hamid, 2018). The developing country such as Malaysia is on a downward trend, as the country is moving in the wrong direction in climate action (SDG 13) and charting a stagnant trend in building sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11) (Sachs et al., 2018, pp. 288–289).

I have conducted a time series analysis, where my dependent variable is constructed variable and I have other independent variables i.e., economic growth, industrialisation, urbanisation. The issue is that I have got the ECT -4.855688, and I am unable to find a proper solution to this. Kindly help me in this regard.

Regards

In this regard I'm looking an AI tools which can measuring intensity, total effect, long run development impact in eco-system. Result may be statistically significant in 95% confidence interval and opposite in 5% interval.

What technologies dominate in the development of urban agglomerations according to the concept of smart-ecology sustainable development cities?

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

For example if we say urbanisation is one of the threats. How can urbanisation affect the pipeline network?

Hello, I'm a graduate student at UNIST, South Korea.

I have a question after reading your recent paper, "Urbanization in an Underdeveloped City—Nanning, China and its Impact on a Heavy Rainfall Event in July".

How did you get output variables of heating rate induced by boundary layer (BL), radiation scheme (RA), cumulus scheme (CU), and microphysical scheme (MP) in Figure 8?

It would be very helpful for my research if you let me know.

I am performing mapping of urban up sprawl for 5 cities in Pakistan using advanced geospatial methods with satellite imagery for 25 years (1995-2020) with a 5 year interval. Can someone enlighten me how to mark a reference years for tracking changes and what are the pros and cons?

I have following options.

a). Mark present year as reference and track changes backwards

b). Mark 1995 as reference and track changes onwards.

c). and other option you may suggest?

A country trying hard to its level best for making urbanization, industrialization and does not care about deforestation, pollution and its natural resources, what will be the end cause of that country in such a situation? and What is Sustainable Development?

Recent long-term trends in world development, such as rapid urbanization, environmental problems, rising population and migration movements, as well as climate change affecting the entire planet, pose a serious imbalance in sustainable co-development between rural, sub-urban and urban areas. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in economic development and social life on a global scale, and highlighted the gap in access to hospitals in urban and rural areas. This policy brief will analyze the main causes of the negative effects of unplanned and rapid urbanization. To facilitate the long-term economic development and social cohesion this paper proposes recommendations on small and medium enterprises development, trade and investment support, infrastructure innovations and technologies in the framework of rural-urban sustainable co-development.

To ensure the long-term economic development and social cohesion the following causes of the negative effects of unplanned and rapid urbanization should be considered:

1. Global trade liberalization and rapid urbanization have significantly changed the patterns of production and demand, especially in the agricultural sector. The population in city centers has grown significantly, and the surrounding farms and factories are not able to produce sufficient amount of food and goods. Increased availability of imported goods decreasing income from farming in small and medium enterprises in metropolitan area (David Satterthwaite, 2010) (Islam, 1997).

2. The rural-urban infrastructure gap imposes long-term structural challenges. People (especially the younger generation) tend to migrate to cities; this is due to better access to modern types of employment, medical care, education, as well as social mobility and entertainment (World Migration Report 2020). The rapid urbanization increased demand on infrastructure in city area, and reduced demand in rural area. As a result, we have such challenges as an aging infrastructure, poor transport accessibility, lack of access to hospitals, schools and government services in rural areas. In urban areas, we can observe an overload of transport infrastructure, different types of pollutions, and negative spillover effects of overpopulation (inability to provide a good standard of living by city government) (Migration and Its Impact on Cities, 2017).

3. The lack of strategic planning and cross-jurisdictional cooperation shape the preconditions for social conflicts and economic instability. Land acquisition is one of the most challenging process, which associated with infrastructure development (Yoshino, 2018). Expanding of the cities and development of new transport infrastructure could provoke serious conflicts with residents of suburban areas (triggered by forced displacement, destruction of local cultural heritage, deforestation and negative impact on nature). Due to the cheaper cost of living, the rural and sub-rural areas most attractive places for migrants, the uncontrolled rapid growth of population can lead to significant threats to the local social and economic stability (Bingqin Li, 2016). New threats arising from the global interconnected transport infrastructure, high urban population density, climate and environmental challenges require the creation of innovative and technological solutions capable of managing complex systems in an emergency (Gabriel Lanfranchi, 2018).

Since every city has its own dynamics, how urban heat island studies can help improve planning.

I discovered a trend in the growth of major world cities in their growth patterns, land use correlating to their countries development stage and urbanization rate. What do you think, is there a correlation?

i want present status and data regarding Population, urbanisation and environmental issues in India? Can suggest research paper, source of data

Hello everyone!

I am pleased to share the follwoing information regarding a call for contributions to a special issue in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

&

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

on the topic Livestock Systems in Urbanizing Environments:Impacts&Implications for Food Security in Developing Countries

Deadline for abstract submission is November 04, 2019.

Click here for more informaiton: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/11470/livestock-systems-in-urbanizing-environments-impacts-and-implications-for-food-security-in-developin

We look forward to receiving proposals for contributions!

About this Research Topic

In developing countries, urbanization and associated demographic changes are posing unprecedented challenges related to hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. Livestock and crop systems in cities in Africa and Asia, where urbanization is occurring most quickly, will come to face significant adjustment pressures, since poverty will increasingly become urbanized, demand for urban food will grow and cities will exert greater influence on peri-urban and rural livelihoods and environments.

In developing countries, the contribution of Livestock Production Systems (LPSs) to the food security of the poor and under-nourished groups is well documented. Acquisition of livestock is widely recognized as a pathway out of poverty, a major income generating activity, a financial instrument, and a means of income diversification. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in many developing countries would therefore depend greatly on the ability of developing countries to build more sustainable and resilient crop and LPS that foster food security to meet the needs of the increasing population pressure.

Nevertheless, urbanization and the expansion of the geographic extent of cities and other related environmental challenges have substantially changed the landscape and the complexity of livestock production and added further challenges to LPSs. On the one hand, the supply of LPSs will increasingly be affected by competition for natural resources, competition between food and feed and by the need to operate in a carbon-constrained economy. Moreover, intensive livestock production has been developing and expanding closer to urban centers, creating several problems including increase in land and water pollution to unacceptable levels and effects on the health of both humans and animals. On the other, urbanization has a considerable impact on patterns and on demand for livestock source food (LSF). Urbanization often stimulates demand for LSF since it involves improvements in infrastructure that allows perishable goods to be traded more widely, and changes in food consumption patterns and habits. Thus, a shift from a predominantly vegetable-based diet to one that includes a greater amount LSF has been seen over the last few decades in many developing countries, resulting in an enormously increasing demand for LSF. Accordingly, there has been increasing uncertainties about how LPSs might evolve to meet the increased demand for LSF, and what the impacts will be on food production and urban food security.

From a policy-making perspective, it is surprisingly that LPSs in developing countries have so far been seen by policymakers and planners as merely playing a supporting role to food security. Particularly, the impacts and implications of urbanization on LPSs have received spare attention within urban planning and food security strategies. This is neglecting the above-mentioned contributions of LPSs to food security as well as the fact that the livestock sector contributes significantly to agricultural gross domestic product and employment. From a scholarly literature perspective, a critical look at existing studies on urbanization and agricultural systems in developing countries shows that research related to LPSs and how they evolve under urbanization dynamics has so far received little attention. Existing studies focus chiefly on “crop” production systems whereas research on “livestock” remains comparatively scant. Moreover, the results of a recent systematic literature review, carried out by researchers from the Department of Economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, show that few studies have looked at urban spaces and processes of urbanization in relation to LPSs. Specially, less attention is paid to urban or peri-urban areas even as contextually relevant to LPSs or related food security issues. Food security is predominantly constructed as an issue of rural spaces. In addition, when urban contexts are discussed, they often appear peripherally such as developments of market demands, in which the issue of food security continues to be a concern for the rural ‘production site’.

Topic rationale: This topic aims at bringing areas related to livestock, urban planning, agricultural systems and food security in developing countries to analyze, discuss and define research priorities for building more sustainable LPSs in developing countries. In particular, the following aspects are prioritized: - Identifying and conceptualizing the emerging challenges for LPSs. - The interface between LPSs, resource use (land, animals, plants and humans) and urban food security. - Good livestock management practices and trends in animal health, food safety and animal welfare. - Urban livestock systems as a potential hazard to public health and the role of urbanization in the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. - Recycling of excess nutrients from animal wastes for crop production in environmental-friendly land-based animal production systems. - Processes, actions, policies that need to be changed or implemented to build sustainable livestock production in developing countries.

We would like to acknowledge Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi, International Food Policy Research Institute, has acted as coordinator and have contributed to the preparation of the proposal for this Research Topic.

Keywords: Livestock Urbanization Resources Food-security Public-Health Animal-production-systems Policy

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

We are living in urban world. Cities are housing more than 50% of world population. The size or urban land and population are increasing. Urbanization is inevitable . Urbanization bringing both opportunities and challenges for future.

What will be the biggest challenge in future urban disaster response and management?

1. Climate change

2. Population growth

3. Resource scarcity

4. Infrastructures and services

5. Terrorism

6. Complex technological hazards

7. Social justice

8. Or, something else

Why you think it as the biggest challenge?

What do you think are most important foci of an ecosystem approach (following James J. Kay and others; see attached!) to integrate production, supply and consumption in the context of global sustainability?

Is it e.g. scale-based spatial considerations, demography, urbanization dynamics, stakeholder (value) governance, or some distinct levers in production, supply, or consumption (LCA, SOM, Responsible Consumerism?), or something else?

If anything, where do you see priorities or research gaps?

The question is deliberately "open" and broad, as not to prejudice answers.

Thanks in advance for a discussion.

K.

I am looking for Daphnia in European city centers and would like to reach out to all you zooplankton lovers who might have encountered Daphnia magna in urban ponds anywhere between Sweden and the south of Spain! These populations will be used in my post-doc project in which I intend to build a Daphnia genomic database containing urban and rural populations to test for signals of parallel evolution at the genome level.

Anyone who knows such populations or works with them can contact me via kristien.brans@kuleuven.be! Open for collaborations of course!

Thanks a lot!

Kristien

Water is more precious day by day.With rapid urbanization ,industrialization ,Global warming ,More and more water is get polluted .only some handful percentage of l water will treated

Kindly share your valuable knowledge about Cooling water Treatment..

Thanks & Regards

Rameswar Gouda

Local communities in Africa celebrate iconic events in their historical and cultural page in a remarkable celebrant fashion. Can these cultural events be adopted or harnessed in promoting the ideals of conservation and sustainability of biodiversity?

I have come across articles that refer to the UN-DESA World Urbanization Prospects 2009 revision to back up claims such as "rural–urban migration is the most important contributor to urban growth in many developing countries". However, I do not find such claim in the UN report or elsewhere.

The most useful references I have come across while trying to find an answer to this question are the book 'The New Global Frontier' (edited by Martine et al. 2008) and a chapter by Chen et al. (1998) called 'What do we know about recent trends in urbanization?'. There, the authors explain that urban growth is mainly driven by urban fertility and mortality (natural growth), while urbanization (i.e. the growth of the urban share of the total population) is driven primarily by rural out-migration and reclassification of rural land (at least in some regions). But I have not found any study that separates these two different 'contributions' to urbanization.

Any suggestion or comment is much appreciated.

Dear Professors and Researchers,

I’m working on panel data for 156 countries during the period (1960 – 2014).

I have to estimate the following two equations:

As you can see, (Ethnic Inclusion) and (GDP Per Capita) appear once as independent and once as dependent variable in the two equations. Therefore, these two variables are endogenous & I believe that I need to use Simultaneous Equation Model to estimate the parameters.

These are the steps that I was thinking to follow in order to estimate the model in Stata. I need your advice in order to correct the steps or to tell me another way to estimate these two equations.

1- Estimate the 1st equation using xtprobit (as the dependent variable is a dummy variable).

2- Predict the 1st equation using the code: predict EthnicInclusion_predict e(sample)

3- Replace the 1st variable of the second equation (which is ethnic inclusion) with the predicted value of the 1st equation.

Is this a solution to solve the simultaneity bias? If not, how can I estimate these two equations in Stata? Thank you so much in advance. I will appreciate any advice as it’s my 1st time to work with Simultaneous Equation Models.

Sincerely,

Future urbanization - urban growth - seems to always be presented from a positivist standpoint as a neutral fact. However, from a critical perspective, it seems obvious that urbanization as well as economic and material growth are tightly intertwined and mutually feeding phenomena. Urbanization is embedded in a system of policies, economic incentives, cultural norms, etc. Urbanization is rooted in a political economy. It is not neutral. It is at the same the condition of and the requirement for economic growth through the availability of workforce for industry and services, accumulation of capital, etc.

It seems to me that the whole sustainability discussion is entirely accepting current business-as-usual urbanization projections not only as an inescapable phenomenon, but a desirable one. And because it is accepted as the only scenario and goes unchallenged it will inevitably be self-fulfilling. In other words this business-as-usual urbanization projection is performative.

But, I see a few points where this premise can be challenged and I would expect that scholars have already done it. Still I have hard time finding it. Any hints?

I would anticipate critique from neo-marxist theorists of urbanization like David Harvey or from academic communities as #degrowth, #postgrowth, #DiverseEconomies, #FeministEconomics, etc.

Nature Based Solutions provides improved environmental conditions, access to resources for livelihoods, and promotes human health. I am interested to know how this concept is being implemented for ensuring sustainable urbanization in developing countries. What research activities are ongoing ? Any case studies ?

Real estate agencies (REA) do not just accept all the properties that sellers are willing to sell thru them.

I have no prior experience, but I imagine that there are some criterias that REA check and decide if a property is marketable (and profitable) for them too, and not only to the seller.

For example, a REA might not want to take care of a very nice villa in the middle of the nowhere in the Alps.

Or, it might not want to take care of an almost destroyed refuge in an unknown place.

Could you provide a few general example of types of properties, such as strange parking lots, unusual land parcels or strange city places...

Free room to your fantasy!!

thx for the help,

Nic

Looking for sources on gentrification - and issues related to co existence of low and high income households. Any leads would be great! 

Dear Colleagues,

Hello. New developments in life such as population increase, globalization, urbanization, environmental pollution, global warming, climate change, fresh water scarcity, food security, deforestation, desertification, etc., result in some new technologies, applications, methods, etc. in agriculture in last several decades.

What kinds of new technologies, applications, methods have been emerging in agriculture in last several decades?

Thank you for sharing your opinions in advance.

Best wishes.

Muharrem Keskin

I am writing a dissertation comparing selected wall materials for low-cost urban housing in Malawi, and need to determine the criteria for assessing these materials in order to develop a suitability index. I want to approach certain organisations involved in low-cost urban housing provision in Malawi and ask them to shortlist and score (in terms of importance) a number of criteria, e.g. cost, environmental impact etc.). First however I need the justification for creating the shortlist. 

Any help and direction towards literature would be appreciated.

application of complexity science to understand the fabric of traditional settlement

I'm currently observing the specific distribution and development of larvae of Phereoeca species in public restrooms of Metro Manila, Philippines.

I've narrowed it down to public restrooms because of its significant levels of humidity, a limiting factor that's been noted by Hetrick (1957) that affects its development if reduced.  Are there other known or possible factors that can be found in restrooms that could affect Phereoeca or even other similar insect species? Thank you in advance.

My group is currently conducting a research that aims to determine the correlation between rapid urbanization and the increasing occurrence of leptospirosis in Metro Manila, which is the most densely populated region of the Philippines. One of the urbanization factors determined in the study is the poor state of the sanitary system (such as garbage collection/disposal) in the chosen area. What would be an efficient way of quantifying such factor? 

“Daily Floating Population” of 1.Dhaka 2.Mumbai and 3.Jakarta Municipalities

Several studies have analyzed the impact of Urbanization on LST using different Remote Sensing products. Often, the objective is to find how urban land cover /urbanization (through replacement of natural land cover often with asphaltic, concrete, building/roofs, and generally non-evaporative surfaces) which results in elevated temperatures in urban areas relative the rural/non-urban environment, commonly referred to as Urban Heat Island (UHI). Common methodology adopted in such studies is to derive different land cover indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI), Normalized Difference Build-up Index (NDBI) and Impervious Surface Area (ISA), etc. and regress such indices on LST.

However, soil moisture (not an urban land cover index) appears to influence LST more than anything else. That is why, as Dr. Tenenbuam mentions, ..for a given NDVI, (or indeed any land cover index) there is usually a range of *LST* values (as a function of moisture condition varying at the same NDVI, NDBI, ISA, etc.). Thus, is the LST-NDVI, NDBI, ISA, NDBal etc relationship well modeled as a linear function?

The answer to the rhetorical question is definitely not…. because LST varies even at fixed NDVI, NDBI, NDBal, ISA and other land cover indices-  showing a strong relationship to soil moisture condition. The logic goes like this, as Dr. Tenenbaum goes on to explain that …If NDVI, NDBal, NDBI, ISA, etc, is the same at two pixels, and one is hotter and the other is cooler, the hotter one is likely more dry (because available energy is being partitioned to have a higher amount of sensible heat, which accounts for the higher temperature), whereas the cooler one is likely less dry (because available energy is being partitioned to have a higher amount of latent heat, which accounts for the lower temperature)… I agree with him.

My question is this: How accurate is it therefore to model/explain LST in terms of NDVI, NDBI, ISA, NDBal and related land cover indices which are used as a proxy for urban environment?

Thanks for your anticipated contributions

I'm conducting a research which its aim is to identify the relationship between environmental change and urbanization in a metropolitan area. For doing this, I'm using Landsat imagery data during the years 1990, 2000,2010 and 2016.

however, I classified all images in 3 classes with emphasizing the urban area by utilizing Neural Net algorithm in ENVI.

then I analyzed NDVI, LST and built-up index for all images.

Now how can I draw a conclusion for my primary objective? What is the best procedure for identifying the relationship between these indices?

In the current situation of urbanization, anthropogenic activity, El nino, Landuse cover change and even many other factors are influencing huge variation in spatiotemporal variation of rainfall. I wish to address influence of these factors on my research study area i.e., Coastal region and Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Am requesting to suggest me the proper way to achieve the criteria. Please suggest me the recent papers who are working in this area, data source of my region.

Thank you

Regards

Vinay  

There are numbers of theories on causes of urbanization within different disciplines. There are also various listings on generic drivers combining multitude of these findings. I am now looking for a drivers list that has sound references to relevant theories yet provides a notion on (systemic) relationship between these drivers.

In the framework of my phD on Heritage-based Urban Development i am looking for literature that is analyzing or critizinging the place-based approach of urban rehabilitation. Any suggestion is welcome!

If you had to state illustrative examples under this heading, which countries/cities would you mention to illustrate the scale of the program and/or emerging solutions? I am currently preparing a presentation of urban development challenges in the Global South and would like to show a larger geographical scope than my own expertise. Thank you for all your help and input!

Through my research in Middle-East, in multiple occasions I have encountered the confusion around the ownership of the 'public' space and the way it is perceived! The language clearly differentiates between social space and public space as the former mostly refers to social relations and social production of space and latter embraces the public space as the space of political and body politics (Arendt / Habermas). Now I am wondering how the notion of public space can be divorced from public-private dichotomy and what would be its implication?

Dear all

I want information or research in this respect.

Regards

Ijaz

Can someone please point me towards some literature in this regard ?

I want to study about post war reconstruction and planning in my master thesis, now I am trying to create initial idea about this subject to submit my thesis proposal.

Urbanization is the process to by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities and leading to population growth, economic growth and urban spatial expansion. Moreover, urbanization is considered to be the most important driver to make environmental change. Thus, the question is that "how can we measure the relationship between urbanization and environmental change?"

Pace of urbanization and thus forming really wide public spaces is very different from historic as well as geographical point of view. In any case this process means that a number of people whose cognitive and communicative habits are adopted to the close milieus where one is personally acquainted with everyone (or with the majority of those people) one has to deal with - have to accommodate oneselves to the milieus where lots of "the others" are to be looked at as abstracted agents. The pace of this accommodation - in both personal and generational perspectives - supposes different strategies both on the side of those passing through this process as well as those already urbanized ones who have to deal with the newcomers. Thus the question.

I want to measure these variables. How can i measure urbanization?

 By health risks I mean observing diarrhea and TB among slum dwellers. I want to know how to measure it.

 I'm observing ecological deterioration of these slum territories and around territories, how could i measure environmental degradation of these areas? 

Transport system plays a role in the urbanization, which means the growth of cities are horizontally and vertically. But does this apply to small and medium-sized cities too? In some developing countries, cities do not have an urban transport systems, which means that the existing transport system is characterized by randomized, and many other factors plays a major role in urban transformations.

What is a relationships between transportation and Urbanization?

any suggestions are welcome

I would like to know the keynote academic writing on urbanisation, for my research into climate related urbanisation. 

Large areas of good lands being urbanized for unplanned town developments by private developers. The local land planning regulations where restrictions are placed on the use of new land for development and encouragement to use previously used lands can have a significant impact on controlling land take into non-agricultural uses.

There is a new era of smart cities, all developing nations are focusing on building their cities smart in order to become sustainable and resilient. India has recently launched smart city project. Developing nations should be focusing more to their villages and try to curb the urbanization growth. More urbanization means more of sealed surface, more pollution, less absorption capacities of soil. Most of the developing nation has urbanization level in the range of 25-50% of their total area. why not preserve the rest of the area, create job opportunities, equip them with sustainable measures. Villages are more sustainable and resilient than cities.

Is it possible to strengthen the villages instead of cities and help them and the population their not to get urbanized?

What I am trying to question here is, is it the mindset of the people that restricts the development or there is something else which does not support?

Specifically in India, people do not respond the way they respond in the other countries towards different kinds of spaces and towards all kind of development.

Does  anyone knows the impact of urbanization on  (shallow) groundwater recharge  , flow or recycle?

Is there new theory or methods to quantify the effect of  urbanization on (shallow) groundwater recharge , flow or recycle?

 If possible, please to recommend some related papers. Thank you very much!

As we all know that based on their experiences & perceptions of urbanization & trends, western theories contextualize generalization to the the third world cities. there are lot of ambiguity and confusion about it. One of the interesting discussions participated by Prof.Ananya Roy & Solomon Benjamin has illustrated the direct examples to disapprove  to unify the global theory of sub-urbanisation.

Annaya Roy directly disfavored these arguments and suggested these generalization are not the universal ones as they can not spread beyond certain boundaries, hence they are not hegemonic theory. Similarly, Prof.Benjamin suggested that this big terminologies loose its significance to explain the realistic situation at micro level and that too from global south cities.He emphasized upon the ethnographic cases which could directly give the flavor of  that case/ site. 

Definitely, the formulation of theories should come from the empirical understand of the local cases, then it can be validated for similar context featuring homogeneous characteristics in terms of governance, economy and institutional aspects.

There are a lot of papers about the corruption issues related the marketization in china since 1990s. however, relatively few  papers or books focus on the causes, processes and consequences of corruption related to the rapid urbanization since 2000s.

I would like to know whether there is  a serious corruption problem in other countries during their processes of urbanization? how do they deal with corruption?

thank you.

Hello colleagues

Are there any studies on what drives diet changes in the case of urbanization? Meat and wheat (bread) are up in Dakar and Dar Es Salaam compared with rural areas, but what is the driver? Higher average income? Is the fact that bread is just bought from a shop (most of the time) and does not require any preparation (such as cooking) a factor? What is the situation outside of Africa, e.g. Thailand, India? Is there any reason to suspect that increasing urbanization rates in China (65% projected for China) will be accompanied by an increase of bread consumption?

I'm looking for data on the monetary "cost" of urbanization in the US after WWII. Specifically I want to know how much money was invested in the construction of the urban built environment, including urban infrastructures and the real estate sector (both residential and commercial). I tried to find out myself but cannot find what I exactly want. The World Bank provides data on investment in certain infrastructures but not specifically "urban" infrastructures. The Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce has data on fixed assets but only from 2006. Do you know where I can get data of the total "cost" of urbanization in the post-WWII US? Thanks.

I am looking for the differences between them from the definitions.

Indigenous people appears in Australia for thousands years ago. They own their very unique and respectful customs, culture and arts. We are growing up on the land that used to belong to them. It means the land is in rich of historical and cultural value and that what we need to preserve and maintain in order to pass to other generations.

The question here is what we need to do to preserve the local aboriginal culture in urban design in incorporation with green infrastructure. 

showing how economic output per capita increased throughout the region as the percentage of people living in urban areas went up.

While in the developed countries, they encourage the trend of increasing density, in developing countries any denser residential areas are associated with poverty and overcrowding. in many cases,density creates social, economic and environmental congestion and undermines sustainability. So, how dense is a "compact" neighbourhood?

Our interest is contemporary and our approach is qualitative, focus institutional and aim to inform policy. 

Does anyone know available GIS layers on European urbanization extent, population abundance, or even better, nocturnal lights for years before 1990?

I'd be particularly interested in the period 1960-1990.

Thanks