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Urban Morphology - Science topic

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What do you know about urban morphology studies in developing countries, especially Egypt?
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Check out:
Sims, D. (2010), Understanding Cairo. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. https://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Cairo-Logic-City-Control/dp/9774165535
and the forthcoming
Dovey et al (2023) Atlas of Informal Settlement, London: Bloomsbury.
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I intend to perform a factor analysis to identify the cause-effect relationship and extract the important variables in my study area for the changing urban morphology. I will perform perception surveys to understand the impact and experience of the local people and Cochren sample survey formula to identify the sample size.
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One of the most well-known qualitative data analysis approaches and procedures is narrative analysis. Narrative analysis is a method for studying the many tales that individuals produce. The goal is to comprehend how people construct meaning in their lives through narratives.
The Delphi technique is a formal, in-depth systematic qualitative approach that was initially researched by a team at the RAND Corporation in 1950, who used the method in a variety of practical applications (Dalkey & Helmer, 1963).
Individual panelists do not have to worry about penalties for their beliefs because the comments of the participants are anonymous. As attitudes are persuaded, consensus may be attained over time, making the process incredibly successful.
Best Regards
Dr. Fatemeh Khozaei
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How do we understand the efficiency levels between the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression Model & Exploratory Regression (spatial statistics) when deriving models for spatial parameters related to urban form?
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Hi
You can use OLS if the conditions are satisfied. These condition are linearity, No multicollinearity, hemogenity and no auto correlation between error.
Best regards
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Although there is an excellent quantity of literature on sustainable development and walkability in urban areas, the discussion on urban morphology and the strategies to integrate the principles into the climate-resilient process is still little. As a certain consequence of a climate-responsive urban area, we can expect more people to walk comfortably. There are various strategies to evaluate walkability in urban areas, including the Space Syntax method. Are there any algorithm in Grasshopper to evaluate the three main component os walkability (Permeability, Catchment, and Integration)?
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Usama Badawy Thank you for your comprehensive response
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What are the main references including book chapter, journal articles etc, which could be useful for urban morphology analysis and modelling?
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The best reference I can recommend is Christopher Alexander's The Nature of Order, a four-volume book that was made during a 27 years period. The reason why it is the best is that it deals with not only understanding buildings and cities as living structures, but also making or remaking buildings and cities towards living or more living structures. Herewith a special issue on the four-volume book:
The study of urban morphology must target to the making of living structures, which include architecture, and urban design and planning. However, the mainstream urban morphology is no more than applications of major sciences such as fractal geometry and various mathematics.
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What kind of dimensions can use to study comprehensive urban form? Most of the scholars have mentioned about the Density, accessibility and Land uses mix dimensions. But these dimensions can not capture well accurate urban form character. Other than that, what kind of dimensions can use to understand characters of the urbanity.
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See for comprehensive overview and http://docs.momepy.org/en/latest/ for the implementation of the large number of measurable indicators.
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I have a set of urban morphology index (continuous variable) and I have a set of rate of crimes (per type). I want to apply Pearson correlation to see the relationship between the two set of variables, however, in most of the cases the relationship is not quite linear and the variables are not following the normal distribution.
Please! What is the advice you might give me?
1. What if I scale transform my variable, say using Log ()? I am quite afraid, it seems that transforming the variables will change the relationship and maybe the meaning between those variables.
2. I am thinking about scaling all those variables let say between 0 and 1, although I am not quite sure about it yet.
Note: I am more interested in exploring the direction of the relationship than the strength of the relationship.
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If you are interested in the direction, why don't you analyze the monotone association (-> Spearman's correlation = correlation of ranks)? No transformation is required then.
If you are interested in modelling the rate of crimes by the morphology index, you may want to invest some brains and look for a reasonable statistical model. If the functional relationship is not important and the model should be more phenomenological, a spline model will likely be appropriate and sufficiently flexible to follow non-linear local trends. If "rates" are the response, I would consider an exponential or gamma error model, if these rates are bounded in (0,1) I would consider a beta error model..
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I'm working on a paper about the relation between urban morphology and climate changes. I need the maps in order to compare the terrain use back in 1980 and current situation  to simulate the data by CFD. 
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Hi! Try to contact people in these two institutes. I guess they have or they can help you to find the maps you needed.
Regards, Meng
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First , we choose different public spaces , in these spaces I'll evaluate the impact of  three parameters of urban morphology on thermal comfort on public space scale, according to the study of Adolphe Luc, i have chose to study three morphological parameters that are : the nature of urban surface, plant density, H / L ratio ,Then I will calculate the score of walkability according to the method of Ewing and al. The researchers establish five characteristics that will positively influence the pedestrian's perceptions face ti its environment. Human Scale is one of these characteristics, which provides a direct link with morphological parameters that we have chosen to study. 
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Section 1: Explanation: Finding the model through Expert's opinion
Set the questionnaire by making any communication between the constructs. After all you can set up the Opinion Matrix for any Expert dominated in your research.
All opinion should be changed into unique answer through G-AHP.
The group matrix resulted from G-AHP can be processed through ELECTRE method and Shannon's Entropy.
Final matrix achieved by ELECTRE will show you how is the relations and their impacts between the constructs.
Section 2: Verification: Proving the model in practice
After achievment of the conceptual model of your study you need to extract the second type questionnaire for the statistical society which is difference with Experts' society mentioned in the section 1. You can choose any industry or nation for your purpose as the new society
So you can start the study questionnaire involving the explained conceptual model of the study.
In this way you can read my articles in which you will find helpful idea for your study as well.
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EN: In order to carry out a survey / questionnaire on the degree of satisfaction of the inhabitants In relation to walkability in the different tissues forming the city, I would need a few measurable indicators of walkability (in relation to urban morphology), I think Concept of "Comfort" and "Protection" of pedestrians. Are there any others.? Thank you
FR: Pour effectuer un sondage/questionnaire sur le degré de satisfaction des habitants par rapport à la marchabilité dans les différents tissus formant la ville, j'aurais besoin de quelques indicateurs mesurables de la marchabilité (en relation avec la morphologie urbaine), je pense à la notion du "Confort" et de "Protection" des piétonniers. y' en a t-ils d'autres? Merci
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Could be worth looking at the materials from EU project Pedestrian Quality Needs - http://www.walkeurope.org/
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In order to define the concepts of research and to operationalize the hypothesis, we need to identify all dimensions and indicators related to the urban form / urban morphology concept.
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Dear Radhwane,
You could add to your list of items, the dimension of physical comfort. Protecting pedestrians from the environmental unwanted forces and conditions (e.g. the sunshine in hot summer days, or rain or snow in cold days and nights), makes the urban spaces more attractive and responsive for them. Controlling daylight, glare, acoustical noise, are some of the sub-items of comfort that you may define within your criteria.  
Hope this helps :)
Aryan
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Speaking about Urban Morphology BCR (Coverage) indicate which percentage of a selection area is occupied by building footprints. Building density is the number of buildings per hectare. I'm wondering if in literature already exist a minimum value for these indicators to classify an area as rural or urban.
Thanks
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The definition of building coverage ratio is not what you suggest. Instead, it is the floor area of a building divided by the area of the site. http://www.realestate-tokyo.com/news/floor-area-ratio-and-building-coverage-ratio/
Nevertheless, BCR relates to density. Let us suppose that the price of land is lower in rural areas than it is in urban areas. Then, it makes sense to develop land at lower densities in rural areas than in urban areas (this does not mean fewer building per unit of land necessarily - but fewer tall buildings), because it makes sense to economize on valuable land. So BCR is a function of land price.
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How can we take the measure of walkability of a city? with what tools?
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Check out the work of Paul Hess, he has done some really valuable work on walkability and pedestrian issues in both Seattle and Toronto. He is on Research Gate.
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I am trying to create an overlay between different (digitised) historical maps and the current map of a city in GIS. What methods are there to reconstruct historical maps in such a way that they accurately overlap with modern geodata?
I currently have the digitised version of three historical maps which were drawn at different scales (1:10.000, 1:5000, 1:2000) and in different projections.
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In addition to what has already been said about georeferencing, note that the Ground Control Points (GCPs), i.e. the set of homologous points you have to collect on the digitized image of the historical map and the current cartography, should be chosen as points which have preserved unchanged over time. As an example, if you can recognize the same building, pick up a points on its corners. According to the accuracy you want your final product to have, as current cartography don't use a raster map or a Google image (which can have large errors), but try to see if an official vector cartography (possibly at a large scale) is available.
After collecting GCPs, you have to choose a suitable georeferencing model. There are many models that you can choose from (and that you will usually find implemented in GIS software). The results of the transformation can be very different so be careful at which model you choose. To evaluate the georeferencing result, you should use some of the points you have collected as Check Points (CPs), i.e. points not used to compute the model but to validate it. A typically used statistics to evaluate the georeferencing result is the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
About the software usable to perform georeferencing, I can suggest the QGIS Georeferencer plugin (which however has some limitations) and the photogrammetric software PCI Orthoengine. The first is open source and available for free, the second is proprietary and available by paying the license.
I suggest two publications that better explain all my points and give you a practical example of georeferencing:
1) Brovelli M. A. and Minghini M. (2012) Georeferencing old maps: a polynomial-based approach for Como historical cadastres. e-Perimetron 7(3), pp. 99-110.2) Brovelli M. A., Minghini M., Giori G. and Beretta M. (2012) Web geoservices and ancient cadastral maps: the Web C.A.R.T.E. project. Transactions in GIS 16(2), pp. 125-142, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01311.x
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A) Inspiration:
1."Does causality involve contiguity"-from Mario Bunge in his book: "Causality and Modern Science"
2. Torsten Hägerstrand and his Time Geography
B) Context: urban sprawl/spatial multipliers
C) Main assumption: the central business district is known and is stable in time and geographic space
D) Question breakdown: Can the trajectory of urban growth be determined (e.g. centrifugal forces radiating from the CBD) if patterns of spatial contiguity are identifiable?
E) Empirical source: spatial contiguity is analyzed through images of the land mass (e.g. remotely-accessed).
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It's important to note that the "third revised edition" of Mario Bunge's book was published in 1979, and is simply a slightly revised version of the second (1963) edition. The philosophy of causation has come a long way since then; two major works are Wesley Salmon, Causality and explanation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (1998), and Nancy Cartwright, Hunting causes and using them. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (2007). See the attached paper for a more extensive bibliography and a discussion of the methods that can be used to demonstrate causation.
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There is a growing need for the evaluation, assessment, or even measurment of urban resilience. In contrast to the complexity of urban processes, the physical layout of cities (that is, patterns in this case) may, to a certain extent, be measured easier. Therefore a morphological approach to urban resilience may contribute to the development and improvement of resilience assessment tools. Did anyone find spatial indicators that may be directly related to resilience? Are there any morphological studies or tools that explicitly refer to resilience?
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Dear Claudiu ,
As indicators I emphasize the relationships:
- economic development vs. pollution;
- social housing vs. property speculation;
-demographic growth vs. health and education
Some studies in Brazil (in portuguese):
Urban and commercial resilience in central areas:
Resilience of urban systems:
Urban sustainability indicators for urban resilience:
Building resilient cities:
I hope it helps.
Best Regards,
Vanessa