Urban Geography - Science topic

Hello! Tradicionality have the definition come here our time for begin about numer habitants, to exist with mega cityties, citiesbigers, o towns. The definition oficials, are: onu-habitat, page. Greetings!

Some of the journals where you can try are: Athens Journal of Architecture, Cities (Elsevier), European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, alphavillejournal you can find here @ alphavillejournal.com/, Urban Planning Open Access Journal

Osama, hpw do you define sustainability? what aspect of sustainability are you considering. Some more specificity would be helpful in order to be ale to make suggestions

unfortunately the tools of urbanism failed to ensure reasonable urbanization

simply we take the example of informal urbanisation and its impact environnemental

In my opinion as a university professor, I think they should hire at least two more geographers. In addition to hydrography, a geomorphologist and biogeographer are necessary (near the Andes, the Pacific coast and rare flora and fauna). As for social geography - spatial planner (especially your National Parks), ethnographer (Mapuche peoples).

Best regards,

Alen Lepirica PhS

Walkabity has to have some real numerical basis, otherwise its just wasted words.

Dear Ahmed Younes Kindly Check..

Dear Christiano,

The concept of Precipitation Concentration is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitations. Many authors define thresholds which mostly converge: the most common (you can find in the following open access article) are :

Wet day: >= 1mm/day

Heavy wet day: >= 10mm/day

Extreme wet day: >= 50mm/day

Best regards,

Reference: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331411976_Rainfall_distribution_and_trends_of_the_daily_precipitation_concentration_index_in_northern_Morocco_a_need_for_an_adaptive_environmental_policy

The following link is very helpful. You can download village boundary map of all the Indian States from the following site. Using QGIS I could open the file in the vector shape file mode.

Extract from my PhD

Dewey highlights that experience comprises of the transactions between mind and matter; where thinking individuals interact with a physical world. He states ‘all conduct is interaction between elements of human nature and the environment’ (Dewey, 1922:10). As highlighted by Almeder, whilst there are differences between strands of pragmatism, fundamentally, ‘all pragmatists are united in the belief that human existence inherently involves the active practice of making meaning through interaction with our environment’ (Almeder cited in Stark, 2014:88). It is argued that knowledge is generated through our transactions; our experiences, which occur within an environing context that consists of both social and physical realities. Dewey notes the importance of the physical environment in stating that ‘an experience is always what it is because of a transaction taking place between an individual and what, at the time, constitutes his environment’ (1938:43). The social dimension of the environing context is highlighted by Dewey’s colleague Mead who notes that human action is socially contextualized and human conceptualisation is a social reflection he states ‘we play the roles of all our group […] The inner response to our reaction to others is therefore as varied as is our social environment’ (Mead, 1913:377)

The relationship between the individual and their environment is viewed as two-directional.  Dewey states that ‘Where there is experience, there is a living being. Where there is life, there is a double connexion maintained with the environment’ (Dewey et al., 1917:8). He believes that we are simultaneously ‘of this world’ (shaped by our social environments and history), and ‘in this world’ (part of the world’s physical reality and able to affect the physical environment). Whilst every person’s action (agency) is affected by their environing context, influenced by the physical world, historical events and social constructions (structure), every individual is also regarded as having agency; an ability to make choices and to act on them.

......

pragmatism is an approach that asserts that all experience is situated within an environing context that consists of material and social realities. When Dewey talks of transactions between mind and matter, aka experience, he is not just referring to ‘the totality of transactions between sentient organisms and their environing situation’ (Webb, 2007:1070). Thus, the concept of experience encompasses historical and collective experience that changes and informs our current and future transactions; our physical world, our personal and collective histories, as well as the actions of other individuals, are all acknowledged in shaping future experiences.

The answer to your question is not straightforward. Firstly the suitability of the software depends on you goals and abilities. RayMan is an accurate, user friendly, quick and well documented software. You can estimate lot of biometeorological parameters with RayMan such as PET, PMV, Tmrt etc. The calculations refers to a point.

Another reasonable choice is  ENVImet. Using ENVImet you can calculate the spatial distribution of several parameters such as PMN, Ta, RH% etc. ENVImet requires high computer power and physical memory (RAM). The learning curve of this model is steep and the crash of the model is an everyday situation. But I think worth a chance.

SOLWEIG is a model based on MATLAB. It is steady and user friendly. It is accurate on radiation calculations. 

To cut a long story short, my first choice is RayMan, after that is ENVImet and after that is SOLWEIG.

Best Regards

The answer depends on the spatial resolution you want. In case you have cadastral data you can exclude the buildings plot and after that you should proceed to calculation of the NDVI index, or to be more professional, you can proceed supervised classification using remote sensing data 

area solar analyst in ArcGIS is usefull

I suggest to you: Edward Glaeser

Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier

Hi, I have done the similar study, in which I used questionnaire survey to obtain some primary data from the target group. Then, I used the inferential statistical analysis to compare the level of perceived quality of life of respondents' from two different residential areas. If you are intending to do the same thing that I did, you can refer to the attached document for designing your life satisfaction questionnaire. With regard to the types of statistical analysis, you may use T-test or Mann-Whitney test, depending on the types of collected data.

Hello Pedro

See these papers/link:

- 9TH INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC MARKETS CONFERENCE, Barcelona, March 2015: view PowerPoint presentations from the conference sessions on SlideShare:

I hope you find it helpful.

Regards

Luca Tamini

Beware of buzzwords as policy. "Smart" is one of these buzzwords that substitute for thought. In allocating funds, always have an overview of what your priorities are: providing potable water, collecting garbage, treating sewage, transportation improvements, education, policing, and so on. In acquiring funds, one should develop a sense of what various taxes do to the local economy: user charges, sales taxes, income taxes, etc. What revenue devices contribute to allocating scarce public capital? Is parking priced appropriately? What about water, is it priced appropriately?

Thanks my dear colleagues for comments.

Thank you @Eric expecting tutorial 

Dear Hossein Sadlounia 

Please see the following

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cities

The city size distribution debate: Resolution for US urban regions and megalopolitan areas

Brian J.L. Berry ⇑, Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn

School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, GR31, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States

The case might seem to be closed, but at this juncture the recent literature has taken two critical turns. One group of scholars argues that an economic theory is not required because skewed distribution functions of the city size type are uniquely stochastic steady states. Another group has engaged in a confrontational debate about whether Gibrat’s Law describes urban growth and whether the size distribution is better classified as lognormal or Pareto. In the first group, Axtell and Florida (2001) have produced Zipfian steady states via agent-based modeling.10 Numerical solutions yield empirically-accurate firm characteristics: a right-skewed distribution of firm sizes, a double-exponential distribution of growth rates and variance in growth rates that decrease with size according to a power law, which in turn yield city-level macro behavior that satisfies Gibrat’s Law and produce the Zipf rank-size distribution as a steady state. In other words the result is self-organized complexity characterized by power law frequency-size scaling (Turcotte and Rundle, 2002). In the same vein, Semboloni (2001) has modeled multi-agent interactions via a probabilistic law to obtain opposing goals that conform to the Zipfian processes of unification and dispersion and used numerical analysis to reveal the circumstances under which the system converges on rank-size as a steady state. Gan et al. (2006) show via Monte Carlo simulation that the law is a statistical phenomenon that does not require an economic theory. Batty (2006) describes the rank-size distribution as emerging as the self-organized steady-state of a complex adaptive system (Batty, 2006), and Corominas-Murtra and Solé (2010) describe the law as a common statistical distribution displaying scaling behavior, an inevitable outcome of a general class of stochastic systems that evolve to a stable state somewhere between order and disorder.

I would recommend Paul Cloke's (1974) index of rurality. Also, Defra have a useful rank model. 

Hi Nadege,

I think you can have a look at Foucault's heterotopia,  Henri Lefebvre's spatial trialectics, and Edward Soja's Thirdspace. in all their conceptions, they argue that human-being create and modify (produce and reproduce) spaces which are not either place of oppressor or place of oppression. It means that the oppressor or just simply everyone who is influenced by power-relations creates a space within place of power through his/her everyday life experience. An example is Kubane where Kurdish people create their own spaces which is located in within the place of power, but governed and modified by themselves through their everyday life practices. Another example is West Bank or Gaza in occupied land of Palestine, in which Palestinians create their own living places through their everyday life experiences, through their resistance. Certainly this is a place of resistance, but it does not mean that resistance as its classic meaning is presented in the space, but as its influencing process through everyday life experiences of people who are living the oppression.

I hope it helps.

Roja

Dear Jaroslav,

in march distinguished members of the Instituto Universitario de Urbanìstica (Valladolid University) took part in a event in Paris about "les ruins de la patrimonialización" and the review about this event should be interesting for you and your research as well as the profile of participants

Best regards

M.

There's a projet in curse that studies simmilar questions for different european cities, it could worth to see their website: http://www.urbandivercities.eu/ 

Inspired  by Jane Jacobs, to view form as representations. Thereby connecting form to socio economics...

Hi,

In this link you will find spatial data sets for 5 Latin American cities.

Regards,

Luis

As Benjamin Casper very relevant indications focus on some detailed description of the form and of the networks, the discussion is going a bit away from your initial question more focussing on the external envelop of the urban form.

I would simply add to the discussion at this stage the idea of fractals that are a way to describe some rather complex forms as large cities are. As I understand your interest is on geometry, this is worth considering, and also fractals come with measurements and comparison between forms, so they can indicate some elements for discussing optimality.

In France we have a specialist of these issues, Pierre Frankhauser, I attach one of his numerous papers.

Dear Claudiu ,

As indicators I emphasize the relationships:

- economic development vs. pollution;

- social housing vs. property speculation;

-demographic growth vs. health and education

Some studies in Brazil (in portuguese):

Urban and commercial resilience in central areas:

Resilience of urban systems:

Urban sustainability indicators for urban resilience:

Building resilient cities:

I hope it helps.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

I think MOD11A2 is a good product. It Includes Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km (day and night), so you can evaluate the differences between diurnal and nocturnal LST in urban areas (as a proxy for UHI effect). You can check some of my publication added in ResearchGate for methodology and further references. Good luck.  

Hi Jose,

Thank you, I will try it

I also noticed that one of your topics of interest is segregation - the methodology outlined in the paper below should be helpful for modelling the degree of segregation with a sample survey

Change detection is an specific quantitative analysis based on raster an available for several softwares (like ERDAS for instance). This analysis is based on the spectral features of pixels. Is very accurate. It is possible to make using google images, but you will need vectorization, as Daniele suggests. Another method you can find it here:

Well, I am not sure if my answer is directly in accordance with your question but I would like to point out a very Important aspect of Transformation (in spatial terms).. I am trying to write a paper on this topic..

A complete or "absolute" change doesn’t qualify as transformation. The past and the future (i.e. the state or product before and after the change) are always related; hence ‘partial change’ is transformation. Urban Transformation is not just the catalyst, nor does it comprise of only methods of change, by-products or evolution story, but is the synthesis of all of these. Hence, Urban Transformation is a process of developing this synthesis between the history, idea, impetus, factors, methods and by-products of development.... This is my hypothesis, from where I am trying to proceed forward...