Ubiquitous - Science method

As a technology with ubiquitous presence in unlicensed spectrum, Wi-Fi has demonstrated prominent capabilities in both communication and sensing. However, since the bandwidth requirements for communication and sensing differ significantly, channel bandwidths excessive for communication (e.g., 160 MHz) still fail to achieve multi-person sensing. Tho...

Partial Differential Equations are ubiquitous in mathematically oriented scientific fields such as physics and engineering. They are foundational in the modern scien tific understanding of sound, heat, diffusion, electrostatics, electrodynamics, ther modynamics, fluid dynamic elasticity, general relativity and quantum mechanics. They also arise fro...

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a prominent research direction in ubiquitous computing. Current state-of-the-art HAR models achieve great success by learning the correlations between the regions of the body parts by using the attached sensing devices for feature extraction. However, explicitly computing the correlations between whole body parts...

Although social interactions are ubiquitous, people often choose not to interact with others—for example, people may choose to not greet a stranger, to not talk to a colleague at work, or to ignore a text message from a friend. Here, we systematically investigate how people's actions, inactions, and their consequences (rewards and punishments) affe...

Angular dispersion (AD) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in optics after light traverses a diffractive or dispersive device, whereby each wavelength propagates at a different angle. AD is useful in a variety of applications; for example, modifying the group velocity or group-velocity dispersion of pulsed lasers in free space or optical materials, which a...

Chirality represents the asymmetry of an object or system and is fundamental and ubiquitous in chemistry. Chiral molecules with stereoisomers, such as enantiomers, often exhibit distinct or even opposite biological activities. A critical step in drug development is the rapid and accurate differentiation of enantiomers. Due to its inherent chirality...

Silicate melts are the ubiquitous components of igneous processes in the Earth's crust and mantle and serve as the key transport agents for physico-chemical differentiation and evolution of the Earth. The viscosity is a fundamental property that influences the dynamic behaviour of silicate melts (melt segregation, magma mixing, crystal fractionatio...

Planning is a ubiquitous dimension of service-learning and community engagement (SLCE) partnership practice. How SLCE administrators conceptualize, inhabit, and negotiate their roles as planners remains empirically underexplored, as does when and why planners experience shifts in perspective that affect partnership quality and outcomes. Building on...

Purpose of Review To provide and consider evidence for the role of food advertising in childhood obesity development and reflect on the efficacy of current policy interventions to restrict children’s food advertising exposure. Recent Findings Children are exposed to extensive advertising for unhealthy foods, particularly online. Visually appealing...

Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well known for their broad-spectrum activity and have shown great promise in addressing the antibiotic-resistant crisis. The Lactobacillaceae family, recognized for its health-promoting effects in humans, represents a valuable source of novel AMPs. However, the global prevalence and distribution of AMPs...

Hierarchical architectures, ubiquitously observed in natural systems, have been widely adopted in advanced structural engineering applications. Drawing inspiration from the distinctive geometry of spider webs, we engineered a novel hierarchical sandwich corrugated tube (HSC). The design incorporates sinusoidal-profile corrugated tubes as core eleme...

Preface In the rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence, the concept of explainability has emerged as a critical frontier. As AI systems become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, from healthcare and finance to autonomous vehicles and social media, the need for these systems to be transparent, interpretable, and understandable ha...

Missing values are ubiquitous in multivariate time series (MTS) data, posing significant challenges for accurate analysis and downstream applications. In recent years, deep learning-based methods have successfully handled missing data by leveraging complex temporal dependencies and learned data distributions. In this survey, we provide a comprehens...

In the modern world, the adoption and use of cloud Computing are ubiquitous. Cloud Computing services are continuously playing a vital role in present Information Technology development paradigms. It is beyond reproach that aspects of cloud computing exist in almost all forms of manufacturing and service industries. Whereas the three Cloud Computin...

When video games embark on the journey of adaptation into films or TV series, their soundtracks often undergo significant transformations. These changes extend beyond mere functional shifts, encompassing stylistic relocations that can reshape audience reception. A key aspect of these transformations is the treatment of stylistic eclecticism. Adapta...

Plastic pollution is one of the most concerning environmental problems in recent years. Among the diverse plastic debris, the micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have been paid particular attention for their potentially severe ecotoxicity and health risks. MNPs are extensively found within aquatic ecosystems and show huge impacts on fish, the most dive...

Cannibalism is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. The evolution and causation of cannibalistic behaviour have been amply investigated, but the ontogeny has received less attention. Here, we studied the ontogeny of cannibalistic behaviour in the tiny, blind predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus. We found that individuals that were exposed to egg-canni...

Organosulfates (OSs) are ubiquitously present in atmospheric aerosols and cloud droplets, and affect aerosol-cloud-climate interactions via their distinct physicochemical properties. Although various formation pathways and transformation mechanisms have been proposed, the origins of many atmospheric OSs remain unclear or unexplained. In this study,...

In recent years, many studies have discovered the toxic effects of heavy metal substances on different organs. Among them, heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are substances that can cause serious harm to human health. Lead exposure has been shown to induce early myocardial injury primarily by promoting neutrophil degranulation. This pr...

Deep metric learning (DML) aims to automatically construct task-specific distances or similarities between data, resulting in a low-dimensional representation. Several significant DML methods have been proposed. However, no approach guarantees the preservation of the ordinal nature of the original data in a low-dimensional space. Ordinal data are u...

Metal–ligand multiple bonds are ubiquitous in coordination and organometallic chemistry. In contrast, lanthanide–carbon multiple bonds are difficult to form. The isolation of complexes containing lanthanide–carbon double bonds with terminal methyl carbene (=CH2) and lanthanide–carbon triple bonds remains challenging. Here we present the synthesis o...

Microplastics are now a global issue due to increased plastic production and use. Recently, various studies have been performed in response to the human health risk assessment. Due to their small size and wide distribution, microplastics are almost ubiquitous and can be easily ingested by organisms into the digestive system and then into the blood...

Purpose of Review Metal exposures are widespread, and ensuing allergic sensitization leads to secondary disease processes, especially contact dermatitis, with chronic implications. This review covers recently described mechanisms of sensitization, sources of exposure, and treatment options. Recent Findings Sensitization to metals is similar to oth...

Forgetting is inevitable in human memory. Recently, multimodal embedding models have been proposed to vectorize multimodal reality into a unified embedding space. Once generated, these embeddings allow mobile users to quickly retrieve relevant information, effectively augmenting their memory. However, as the model’s capacity increases, its resource...

Heterogeneous attributed networks (HANs) are ubiquitous in real-world, spanning domains from the academic network to the movie network. Heterogeneous attributed network embedding (HANE), a promising analytical technique in recent years, aims to generate low-dimensional dense vectors containing network structure and attribute content. Compared to th...

Troglobiont species show common traits derived from adaptation to subterranean life. Due to lack of light in cave environments most troglobiont species show eye reduction or even loss, often accompanied by a disruption of diel rhythmicity. Although cave adaptation and eye absence generally imply the loss of capability to perceive light, several cav...

Inhalable micro(nano)plastics (MNPs < 10 μm) are ubiquitous emerging environmental pollutants that can enter the human respiratory tract and adversely affect respiratory health. A standardized methodology for the characterization of airborne MNPs is required, but one has yet to be established. To this end, a high-volume sampler with a five-stage ca...

Liquid–liquid interfaces and interfacially entrapped nanoparticles are ubiquitous in nature and technology. Their importance in the industry is rising because nanoparticle‐stabilized emulsions can be designed to be more stable, ecological, and safe for human health than conventional emulsions stabilized by molecular surfactants. The properties of t...

Digital platforms have become ubiquitous arenas of public debate, changing the relationship between citizens and democratic institutions. On the one hand, digital technologies offer enhanced possibilities for citizens’ participation in public debate, but on the other, they destabilise democratic institutions. In this conceptually informed literatur...

Wrinkling of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has unlocked a plethora of technological applications, from tunable surface wetting to photonic response. Surface undulations with prescribed wavelength and amplitude are excited by in‐plane mechanical compression of bilayers comprising a thin, stiff outer skin on a soft elastomer or gel. Plasma oxidation ha...

Multitasking is essential for facing the complexity of everyday life environments, where the simultaneous processing of multiple information streams is ubiquitous, and it often requires an increased deployment of attentional resources to manage concurrent tasks. The physiological cognitive decline associated with aging further depletes cognitive re...

Flicker is ubiquitous in high-speed and ultra-high-speed night-time and artificial light recordings. The reasons are flickering light sources still installed in many venues worldwide due to the high costs of installing flicker-free LED lighting. Where normal-speed video can solve this issue with appropriate shutter speeds, for high-speed video this...

Turbulence governs the fragmentation of molecular clouds and plays a pivotal role in star formation. The persistence of observed cloud turbulence suggests it does not decay significantly within the turnover timescale, implying a recurrent driving mechanism. Although ubiquitous self-gravity is a plausible driver, MHD simulations by Ostriker et al. (...

Clinical laboratory results are ubiquitous in any diagnosis making. Predicting abnormal values of not prescribed tests based on the results of performed tests looks intriguing, as it would be possible to make early diagnosis available to everyone. The special place is taken by the Common Blood Count (CBC) test, as it is the most widely used clinica...

Type IA topoisomerases (topos) are ubiquitous enzymes binding to ssDNA to resolve DNA topological stress using a strand-passage mechanism. The first type IA topos were found in Escherichia coli encompassing topo I (topA) and topo III (topB). Topo I mainly relaxes transcription-induced negative supercoiling, preventing R-loop formation, whereas topo...

Digital survey tools have all but replaced paper and pen in the psychological sciences, and consequently new forms of potentially useful research paradata are now routinely gathered. A particularly common byproduct of research is questionnaire timestamps, which some have suggested can be used as a measure of cognitive function. Here, we conducted a...

Although 5G is commercialized worldwide, research and academic institutions around the world has began to look at beyond 5G, and it is predicted that 6G will develop into green networks that offer a high service quality and energy efficiency. Significant changes in the mobile communications infrastructure are expected to address the needs of modern...

Malaria is an immense public health concern whose transmission is perennial and persistent. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes (vector). Malaria, despite being treatable as well as preventable, is still quite ubiquitous in India (especially in the northeaster...

Residual connections remain ubiquitous in modern neural network architectures nearly a decade after their introduction. Their widespread adoption is often credited to their dramatically improved trainability: residual networks train faster, more stably, and achieve higher accuracy than their feedforward counterparts. While numerous techniques, rang...

Respiratory rate (RR) is an important vital sign indicating various pathological conditions, such as clinical deterioration, pneumonia, and adverse cardiac arrest. Traditional RR measurement methods are normally intrusive and inconvenient for ubiquitous continuous monitoring. There have been studies on RR estimation by extracting respiratory modula...

Information is ubiquitously available at our fingertips, transforming the way we learn, work and engage with the world around us. The challenge is not just accessing data but discerning its relevance and utility. This constant flow of information demands selective attention and strategic thinking about how we integrate new findings for professional...

Mass transport problems are ubiquitous in diverse fields of physics and engineering. With the development of fractional calculus, many have taken to studying problems of fractional mass transport either through numerical simulations or through complex mathematical structures (e.g. Fox-H functions). Here, we present a set of analytic solutions to co...

The Yucatan Peninsula is one of the largest coastal and lowland karst regions worldwide. This groundwater-dependent region is highly vulnerable to contaminants that spread easily due to the karst environment. Here, the spatio-temporal patterns of major ions in 1528 water samples sourced from a government institution suggest the main factors trigger...

The universal learning framework has been developed to obtain guarantees on the learning rates that hold for any fixed distribution, which can be much faster than the ones uniformly hold over all the distributions. Given that the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) principle being fundamental in the PAC theory and ubiquitous in practical machine lear...

The soaring global demand for ubiquitous wireless connectivity, which epitomizes the digital era, can only be fulfilled with heterogenous networks that, increasingly, need to include aerial platform fleets for a more holistic approach. However, deploying aerial platforms to serve as a fleet would inevitably result in interference, especially for hi...

The bicyclo[3.2.1]octanone and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanedione scaffolds, along with their derivatives, are ubiquitous in natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. However, the synthetic routes to access these scaffolds have been relatively underdeveloped. Herein, this study introduces a unique reaction between pent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones and vinyl diket...

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a ubiquitous and highly standardised method that is used in the research, development, and qualification of nanoparticles. Multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS) mitigates some of the limitations encountered with traditional DLS by providing better resolution for multi-modal populations and more accurate part...

The ester functionality is ubiquitously found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes. Among the various methods of ester synthesis, the acid‐catalyzed coupling of carboxylic acids with alcohols is the most common approach. Herein, a mild photochemical method is introduced, leveraging a photoacid generation approach utilizing an arylazo...

The dynamic fluctuations in the amplitude of sound, known as sound envelopes, are ubiquitous in natural sounds and convey information critical for the recognition of speech, and of sounds generally. We are perceptually most sensitive to slow modulations which are most common. However, previous studies of envelope coding in the brainstem found an un...

Luminescent emitters based on lanthanide ions are of ubiquitous importance in the biological sciences, but typically need sensitization from a covalently attached adjacent chromophore – an “antenna” – to have suitable emission intensities. Here we show that the mechanical bond can be used to connect the antenna to the emitter, providing dynamic fea...

The "ordered set" abstract data type with operations "insert", "erase", "find", "min", "max", "next" and "prev" is ubiquitous in computer science. It is usually implemented with red-black trees, $B$-trees, or $B^+$-trees. We present our implementation of ordered set based on a trie. It only supports integer keys (as opposed to keys of any strict we...

Cadmium (Cd), an environmentally ubiquitous heavy metal, causes phytotoxic effects to plants even at low concentrations. Plants have evolved sophisticated methods to reduce Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of macroautophagy/autophagy in plant tolerance to Cd remain poorly elucidated. Here, we describe the link between autophagy and C...

This special issue, Rethinking Educational Spaces: Future Classroom, Metaverse and AI, emerges from the recognition that educational spaces are undergoing accelerated and unprecedented change. The digitalization of education, fuelled by the expansion of AI, immersive technologies, and ubiquitous connectivity, is not only altering pedagogical practi...

Microplastics (MPs), as emerging global contaminants, have garnered increasing attention due to their persistent nature, ubiquitous distribution, and recalcitrance to degradation. The co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) in soil systems has emerged as a critical global environmental concern, posing synergistic threats to ecos...

Botulism is a severe and often fatal disease in equine patients worldwide. Clostridium botulinum is a ubiquitous soil organism which produces a potent neurotoxin resulting in neuromuscular blockade and flaccid paralysis in affected animals. Definitive diagnosis is often impractical or impossible, leading to diagnosis and treatment based on clinical...

While multimodal AI systems (models jointly trained on heterogeneous data types such as text, time series, graphs, and images) have become ubiquitous and achieved remarkable performance across high-stakes applications, transparent and accurate explanation algorithms are crucial for their safe deployment and ensure user trust. However, most existing...

Pervasive sensing technologies and ubiquitous connectivity have converged to create an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ecosystem that continuously harvests physiological, behavioural, and environmental data from patients. The raw volume, velocity, and variety of these data streams, however, exceed the limits of traditional analytic pipelines. Art...

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with potential endocrine-disrupting properties. This study examines the association between exposure to multiple PFASs and pan-cancers associated with sex hormones (PCSH) while accounting for potential non-linear relationships and interactions. We analyzed data fro...

The quantum Zeno effect is a striking feature of quantum mechanics with foundational implications and practical applications in quantum control, error suppression, and error correction. The effect has branched off into a variety of different interpretations, making it easy to miss the unifying features of the underlying effect. In particular, the q...

Context. Radio frequency molecular absorption lines appear along sight lines with AV well below 1 mag, revealing the presence of H2 in diffuse gas even when 2.6mm CO emission is absent. Aims. We discuss absorption lines of HCO+, C2H, HCN, CS, and HCO in a larger sample (88 sight lines) than was available before. Methods. We observed millimeter-wave...

In this paper, we use a spatiotemporal axis of analysis to unpack the governance and management of two pressing yet diverse types of subterranean hazards: earthquakes and nuclear waste repositories. In each case, decades, centuries, or millennia of slow movement run up against the fast movement of disastrous moments. These contrasting spatiotempora...

Industrial networks and edge-cloud integration in manufacturing processes have gained significant attention due to the evolving requirements of Industry 4.0. Key demands include data-driven network management, multi-service support, and low-latency, high-bandwidth communications, all essential for the industry’s future. Standardization groups like...

Terms of Service (ToS) are ubiquitous, legally binding contracts that govern consumers' digital interactions. However, ToS are not designed to be read: they are filled with pages of ambiguous and complex legal terminology that burden potential users. We introduce TermSight, an intelligent reading interface designed to make ToS more approachable. Te...

The meteoric rise of artificial intelligence in recent years has seen machine learning methods become ubiquitous in modern science, technology, and industry. Concurrently, the emergence of programmable quantum computers, coupled with the expectation that large-scale fault-tolerant machines will follow in the near to medium-term future, has led to m...

The world is moving towards e-learning and Pakistan is a part of the globe and has to face the challenges of globalization. The purpose of the study was to design and develop web Textbook; a website for ICT-integrated teacher education in Pakistan. The vision is to see Pakistan as a leader in e-learning and online teacher education in the world. Th...

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increasingly influence high-stakes decision-making in areas such as finance, healthcare, law enforcement, and human resources, building trust in these technologies has become a critical priority. Trust is essential for widespread adoption, ethical governance, and the long-term success of AI applications. Howe...

The Djourdé-Sinassi magmatic-migmatitic complex is part of the juvenile Neoproterozoic Garoua Domain located in Northern Cameroon. It is surrounded by the Zalbi, Poli and Rey-Bouba greenstone belts, limited to the east by the sinistral Tcholliré-Banyo Shear zone and to the south by the Poli Thrust System. The Djourdé-Sinassi magmatic-migmatitic com...

In the past decades, machine learning with Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) has demonstrated great capability in learning and exploiting the statistical patterns from data, or even surpassing humans. Despite the success, ERM avoids the modeling of causality the way of understanding and handling changes, which is fundamental to human intelligence....

Sparse data structures are ubiquitous in modern computing, and numerous formats have been designed to represent them. These formats may exploit specific sparsity patterns, aiming to achieve higher performance for key numerical computations than more general-purpose formats such as CSR and COO. In this work we present UZP, a new sparse format based...

As computers become more functional and ubiquitous, societies are placing greater emphasis on programming and development skills. Computer science credentials and degree programs have long existed in higher education. Many high schools have also offered computer science courses like coding, computer graphics, game development, and cybersecurity. Ho...

The increasing demand for reliable, high-capacity communication during large-scale outdoor events poses significant challenges for traditional Terrestrial Networks (TNs), which often struggle to provide consistent coverage in high-density environments. This paper presents a novel 6G radio network planning framework that integrates Non-Terrestrial N...

INTRODUCTION: Women's empowerment is one of the priority areas in line with sustainable development goals and is thus becoming ubiquitous in every development agenda across nations. This study explores the enablers and barriers of women’s empowerment in self-help groups (SHGs), focusing on the women-led community-based social enterprises (CBSEs) in...

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have emerged as a promising technology for neuromagnetic recording in humans. Current state-of-the-art OPM systems are housed in immobile magnetically-shielded rooms to reduce external electromagnetic noise, and typically comprise sensor arrays covering the entire head. Here we sought to validate a low-cost, mo...

The inherent O2 sensitivity of Ni─Fe carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs), crucial for rapid CO to CO2 interconversion, presents substantial challenges for industrial application. Transforming CO/CO2, a prevalent anthropogenic air pollutant, into valuable carbon chemicals either directly or through intermediate steps via biocatalytic methods offe...

The ability to predict the object the user intends to grasp offers essential contextual information and may help to leverage the effects of point-to-point latency in interactive environments. This paper explores the feasibility and accuracy of real-time recognition of uninstrumented objects based on hand kinematics during reach-to-grasp actions. In...

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in many fields, understanding and mitigating LLM biases is an ongoing issue. This paper provides a novel method for evaluating the demographic biases of various generative AI models. By prompting models to assess a moral patient's willingness to intervene constructively, we aim to quantitati...

This research article explores the critical role of neural network pruning in enabling the deployment of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models on battery-constrained wearable devices. Deep neural networks (DNNs), while powerful, often demand significant computational resources and energy, posing substantial challenges for real-time, on-devic...

Plain Language Summary The displacement of one fluid by another in porous media is an important subsurface process affecting various engineering applications such as geologic CO2 storage and hydrocarbon recovery. Wettability, the tendency of a fluid to spread on a solid surface in the presence of another immiscible fluid, is an essential property i...

Gaussian states of bosonic quantum systems enjoy numerous technological applications and are ubiquitous in nature. Their significance lies in their simplicity, which in turn rests on the fact that they are uniquely determined by two experimentally accessible quantities, their first and second moments. But what if these moments are only known approx...

Human-like AI agents such as robots and chatbots are becoming increasingly popular, but they present a variety of ethical concerns. The first concern is in how we define humanness, and how our definition impacts communities historically dehumanized by scientific research. Autistic people in particular have been dehumanized by being compared to robo...

A two-level system coupled by a coherent field is a ubiquitous system in atomic and molecular physics. In the rotating wave approximation, the light-dressed states are well described by a simple 2x2 Hamiltonian which can be easily solved analytically and is thus used in quantum mechanics education and as a basis for intuition for more complicated s...

Randomness is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is practically accompanied by physical events described by probability theory. However, probability by definition in the theory is a nonnegative scalar quantity. Here, we propose the concept of vectorial probability, quantified as a vector with interesting but hidden geometry, and develop a theory to descr...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the acceleration of technology in the tourism industry are both game-changers in the tourists’ experience in the current time. This study aimed to determine the influences of Smart Tourism Technologies (STT) on the tourists’ experience with Cavite tourist attractions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It examined the Smart Tour...

Mental images are a ubiquitous phenomenon for many people. In recent years, attention has focused on a condition defined by the absence of mental images - aphantasia. Individuals with aphantasia are found to perform as well as typical imagers in most areas. Interestingly, several studies have proposed that individuals with aphantasia might have a m...

Shared manufacturing (SharedMfg) is a new mode of social manufacturing that is gaining massive attention globally as it incorporates the concept of sharing economy into smart manufacturing systems and is centered on maximizing the utility of things and services. It extends the scope and depth of resource sharing and enables society-based manufactur...

Artificial intelligence (AI) models can now detect patterns of structural heart diseases (SHDs) from electrocardiograms (ECGs), though scaling them requires the broader use of single–lead ECGs that are now ubiquitous in wearable and portable devices. However, model development for these devices is limited by a lack of diagnostic labels for SHDs for...

In today’s times, application of vision-language models (VLMs) for multilingual image-text retrieval has become ubiquitous. When we are dealing with cross-lingual or multilingual settings, traditional evaluation metrics like Recall@K don’t capture all the performance nuances of VLMs. To the best of the author’s knowledge, in a multilingual applicat...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone a significant evolution since their inception, transforming from specialized tools for governmental and military applications into ubiquitous platforms that permeate various facets of modern society. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the historical development of GIS, highlighting key...

Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous metal contaminant, accumulates preferentially in the proximal tubular cells (PTCs) of the kidneys, which can lead to tubular injury and a decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). To define exposure limits for Cd, the excretion of β2-microglobulin (β2M) at a rate above 300 µg/g creatinine, termed β2-micr...

Nanogaps are ubiquitous across science, confining molecules and thus changing chemistries which influence many areas such as catalysis, corrosion, photochemistry, and sensing. However in ambient conditions, it is unclear how water solvates nanogaps and even if nominally dry, what water structure persists. Despite its low Raman cross-section, surfac...

Article Highlights This review focuses on worldwide distribution and genetic diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A, a bacterium that is often reported from clinical and non-clinical isolates. However, its ubiquitous nature in a variety of habitats, especially in developing countries, emphasizes its ecological versatility and relevance to p...

Magnetic stirrers, the most widely used and ubiquitous devices for performing chemical reactions in laboratory settings, may cause reproducibility problems. Reproducibility in a range of chemical processes can be affected by various factors, ranging from minor to significant effects, including yield, composition, and glassware contamination. In thi...

Autocrats use secret police to stay in power, as these organizations deter and suppress opposition to their rule. Existing research shows that secret police are very good at this but, surprisingly, also that they are not as ubiquitous in autocracies as one may assume, existing in less than 50% of autocratic country-years. We thus explore under whic...