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Travel Behavior - Science topic

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I am looking for a way to connect a classic 4-step transport model (macro) with a micro-level model. The purpose is to capture a behavioural response (change in travel behaviour) of people to some specific policy change (road charges…) and feed this information into another micro-level model (microsimulation model with individuals grouped into households). The difficulty is that the 4-step transport model is a macro model, where we have aggregate flows of people (# of trips), not individuals. The output is in form of OD matrices between different geographical zones (of a studied area) before and after reform. They show the number of trips between zones and the total matrix is subdivided into OD matrices for different travel modes and some combinations of socio-economic profile and trip purpose.
My question is what would be the best approach to extract information from aggregate OD matrices to feed into micro-level dataset? I wish to capture how modal choice will change (e.g. if we introduce road tax, how each individual in micro dataset will adapt, maybe he will choose public transport?…)
What would be your suggestions? Maybe someone already tried to do something similar? I couldn’t find anything. Your suggestions would be very appreciated!
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To extract information from aggregate OD matrices and feed it into a micro-level dataset, you could use a technique called disaggregation. Disaggregation involves breaking down aggregate data into smaller units, such as individual households or trips, to capture more detailed information about travel behavior. Here are a few possible approaches to consider:
  1. Gravity model: The gravity model is a common method for disaggregating OD matrices. The model uses factors such as distance, population, and economic activity to estimate the flow of people or goods between origin-destination pairs. You could use a gravity model to estimate the number of trips between each pair of zones in your OD matrix and then allocate those trips to individuals in your micro dataset based on their characteristics (e.g. income, age, gender, etc.). You could then simulate the effect of a road tax on travel behavior by adjusting the cost or attractiveness of different modes in the model.
  2. Synthetic population: Another approach is to create a synthetic population that represents the characteristics and travel patterns of individuals in your study area. A synthetic population is generated by combining data from various sources (e.g. census, surveys, etc.) to create a representative sample of the population. Once you have a synthetic population, you could use it to simulate the effect of different policy scenarios on travel behavior. For example, you could introduce a road tax and see how individuals in the synthetic population respond by choosing different modes of transportation.
  3. Activity-based modeling: Activity-based modeling is a more detailed approach to disaggregation that takes into account the various activities that individuals engage in throughout the day (e.g. work, school, shopping, leisure, etc.) and how those activities influence their travel behavior. Activity-based models typically use data from travel surveys and other sources to estimate the frequency, duration, and timing of different activities for individuals in the study area. You could use an activity-based model to simulate the effect of a road tax on travel behavior by adjusting the cost or availability of different modes for each activity.
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I am conducting a study in a developing country and I want to know if urban resident travellers have been categorized to types or described in literature.
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Dear Dr Akpan Toyin Akpan , You can easily find it in most Tourism and Hospitality books or journals. However, If you looking for Muslim traveller Typology, then kindly check the following article: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/m3publishing/vol16/iss9781955833080/25/
I hope this help, good luck with your study.
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Would like to research the entire connections per airport on the globe, not the single flights such as in flighttraffic. Is there an updated map available somewhere.
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I doubt such a map was ever published.
However, within your university you can build it.
Research does that too.
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Hello,
I'm curious to learn about resources (i.e., standard practices) regarding the creation of a survey instrument and/or analysis of micro-mobility travel mode decisions and travel behaviors (route preferences) in a university environment? Thanks and I look forward to any and all comments!
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I would love to see your findings. Please keep me posted!
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I hope everyone is safe and healthy.
The purpose of this survey is to study travel behavior during COVID-19. It does not ask for any personal information and will take about 10 - 15 minutes.
Your response will be highly appreciated.
Edit: Thanks everyone for your responses. They survey is now closed.
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Please, can you open the survey again for us to respond. This is a very important aspect that we all need to participate in. Please, can you send me the survey to respond to. Thanks.
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I'd like to apply the Theory of Planned behaviour to that of opting to use a travel agent to plan international travel during the pandemic. I'd like to incorporate the constructs of perceived risk and perceived uncertainty into the model.
My question is, can I measure the perceived risk in terms of travelling during the pandemic, yet my behaviour that I am attempting to predict is the use of a travel agent to plan the trip.
So, Perceived risk and uncertainty of travelling during the pandemic and how this influences attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control of using a travel agent to book the trip.
My aim is to determine if people are more inclined, due to the pandemic, to use a travel agent to book trips. perhaps they are becoming more relevant despite technological advancements due to the uncertainties that exist around travelling during this unprecedented time.
any help or advice would be massively appreciated! thank you in advance.
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Your planned research will indeed yield significant scientific results. I suggest that you explore all potential aspects in changing tourist habits.
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Are there scientific evidence and studies on why do some people seem not to care at all about spreading the virus to others, and how many they may be?
The UK press discusses the case of a famous senior government adviser who travelled from London to the North, 260 miles, knowingly at high risk to be infected since his wife was, while the UK had a travel ban
BBC News - Coronavirus: Dominic Cummings rejects calls to quit as PM's chief adviser
In Scotland a health minister had to resign for having infringed the travel ban to visit her second house.
The message given, as the press sees it, is that Law makes exceptions for some, who are well connected, but hits hard on normal citizens
More significant at statistical level was the massive travel from Milan to Southern Italy, by Milan residents. They carried the virus South, in deprived areas where hospitals had not anticipated the Milanese flow...
Data is available for this exodus from Lombardy to the South of Italy.
Strange behaviour...
Do we have figures on this anti-social behaviour, "homo homini lupus" where the man is a wolf to other men (image used by philosopher Hobbes).
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In Iraq, unfortunately, there is a large group of people who are not committed to preventive measures, spacing and wearing masks, which has led to the spread of the epidemic and an increase in the rates of infected patients, the number of hospitalized patients, as well as the number of deaths ..
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I want to sample virtual community members in a city for an academic research in travel behaviour. What sampling technique works? I want to use a questionnaire and a travel diary to collect data. Are there experiences I can learn from? Thanks
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You can just sample people here at research gate by using survey tool online.
Hello Toyin, How is your study going on.
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Hi all,
We're planning to conduct an academic research in transportation& mobility sector - to understand the changes in travel behavior in post-Covid era. It would be great if any transportation& logistics experts can guide us on below questions.
1. This research will focus mainly on land transportation modes. But in most of the research studies I found that Railways is considered as a separate form from other modes. Any specific reasons for this? Is it appropriate to consider all land transportation modes together for our study?
2. Is it too early to assume that we have finally stepped into post-Covid era and to analyze commuter travel behavioral changes? Or better we conduct this after few months?
3. Also is it okay to connect our Research results to impacts in Supply-Chain Management? Because currently SCM is a heavily affected area in every other industry. So is it worth to include SCM and give some recommendations?
Thank you in advance.
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During this time of covid-19, look at different modes and see which one is preferred by commuters to avoid spreading pandemic.
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Dear All, within our new European project SYN+AIR related with the air transport we are executing an online survey which aims at identifing the mobility choices related to and from the airport. We are glad to invite you fill in the survey https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/SYN_AIR_Traveller_Survey_2021 The questionnaire is available in 5 languages (English, Greek, Spanish, Italian, Serbian) and lasts approximately 10 minutes. All adults that travel or used to travel by plane (before the Covid-19 pandemics) can answer this survey. You may find information related to the project at http://syn-air.eu/
Please, feel free to share/disseminate this request. Thanks a lot for your attention and contribution. #SESAR #H2020 #SYN+AIR
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Dear Prof. Ottomanelli!
I have filled in the survey, you posted. It was a nice experience. May I kindly recommend you a B2B - platform - the registration is for free, and there are many free of charge webinars, etc. resources you might benefit from:
3) A recent webinar: Patrick Keliher, Regional FAE Manager (RTI) and Maxx Becker, Field Application Engineer (RTI) (2021). On the High Speed Data Line: Accelerating the Evolution of Rail Transportation, March18 2021, Please see further details at: https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/18279/473029?utm_source=brighttalk-portal&utm_medium=web&utm_content=transportation%20&utm_term=search-result-2&utm_campaign=webcasts-search-results-feed
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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We are starting the project CultSense - Sensitizing Young Travellers for Local Cultures (www.cultsense.com). The project seeks to find a new approach to increase understanding and valorization of local cultures by the people that visit these places. We are in first instance thinking of young people.
  • What is for you the most important challenge in making this bridge of understanding between (young) tourists and the local cultures they visit?
  • Any ideas of how to communicate ways to tackle this challenge?
Thank you for sharing your views and the challenges of the places you live and visit!
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Great project! Congratulation to the whole group!
I would approach such an issue starting from the actors that create foster and communicate tourism in the first place. What makes the (young) tourists decide where to go and what to do there? What strategies are in place that aims to attract tourists?
I think about the infamous Amsterdam case, we have now a generation of people who have been to the Netherlands so many times in their life without trespassing the Coffee Shop quarter.
Also, what is the role of the "new" media in tourists' decision making? My hunch is that Instagram and influencers in general play a paramount role in developing tastes and hence tourists' behaviours.
Another level of attention could be one of the local businesses. Do shops and entrepreneurs play a role in that? Jane Jacobs would say YES, and others such as Gehl architects say that retail plays a crucial role in the experience of a city/public space.
Let's talk more!
All the best,
Valeria
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Existing transport and mobility restrictions are: reduced public transport services (number of buses, metro), reduced capacity (number of passengers) by social distancing inside the public transport vehicles, deactivate public transport services or shared mobility modes like city bike (bike sharing), carsharing, deactivate buses, trains, flights between cities and countries, car-traffic ban between cities and countries, etc.
  1. How "transport and mobility restrictions during the Pandemic and COVID-19 period" impact on travel and mobility behavior (habit) of elderly people and persons with disabilities? considering the concerns to be infected in public transport vehicles or shared mobility modes.
  2. These (probable) travel behavior changes will continue after the Pandemic? or they will return back o their normal travel behavior/habits?
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a research project entitled "Identification and quantification of the significant factors affecting consumers’ satisfaction of bus-based park and ride service " designed to identify and quantify the main factors affecting consumers’ satisfaction of bus-based park and ride service in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. The study is being conducted by Dr. Valerian Kwigizile and Mohammed Albalwi from Western Michigan University, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering. This research is being conducted as part of the dissertation requirements for Mohammed Albalwi. This survey is comprised of 4 parts asking questions about the socio-economic characteristics, travel information, your satisfaction and preferences toward bus features, bus station features, parking lot features and travel features.
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So much is in a flux right now, the level of uncertainty is high and there is a constant battle between narratives. What is your opinion; when will our economies start to recover? Many businesses are in deep crisis, like airlines, reaturants and the whole travel industry. What are your thoughts?
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Normalizing the global health crisis will take 1-2 years (acute measures); stabilizing the economy back will take 3-5 years. This is a war-like control szenario, in terms of mathematical and physical modelling.
EU recovery will be chronically slower, because of stronger state interventionist storms, e.g. monetary union into debt union.
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I want to explore daily passenger volume at railway stations in the selected region.
Should I take into account the number of people getting on the train or getting off the train? Maybe the sum of passenger getting on and getting off the train at particular railway station? Is this correct in this case? I will count double passengers who commute to work and come back from work in the same day. Maybe the average number of passenger getting on and getting off the train?
Best regards,
Wojciech Jurkowski
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if you are interrested in the number of passengers using a particular railway line, then you should sum all boarding or alighting passengers at all line stations to get the demand of this line.
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I am looking for travel behaviour data for my project, mainly travel surveys, and am wondering if anyone can advise of appropriate surveys they are aware of.
Currently I am considering of comparing travel behaviour in Scotland with international examples that have distinct transport / land use systems. The Scottish Household Travel Survey contains travel diaries of good representation of the population which provide data on the travel characteristics with start and end locations aggregated to geographical polygon areas of approximately 4000 households, which is available through application for academic research purposes. It is also coupled with an individual questionnaire that provides socio-economic information of the respondents. This would allow me to see where trips occur throughout the city and analyse trips in respect to local transport services and land use patterns, and how this differs for different groups of society.
I am thus looking other surveys around the world that would allow me to conduct a similar analysis and compare the findings. Can anyone advise of any city-wide or national household travel surveys that data to such a level can be made available?
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My advice is to go back to the previous scientific studies in this subject and review the findings of these studies and to see the types of questions and measurements that have been followed in the questionnaire, its more accurate from rely on experiments as it will vary significantly from one country to another possible.
best regards.
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It has likert scale of 7 point. It says ," For evaluating the overall attitude of each respondent regarding bicycle use for commuting the sum of ratings of all the items was taken. Thus, the largest possible value for the overall assessment of attitude is (12 x 49) = 588 (fully embraces bicycle use) and the lowest possible value is (12 x 1) = 12 (totally against the use of bicycles). The average value is 271.1 (with standard deviation equal to 70.8)".
Here 12 means the number of questions that the authors used in the survey.
I am having trouble to find out the average value. How was the calculation done?
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Hello Sunita,
Ordinarily, for a 7-point Likert-type scale, you'd expect the response values for a single item to be a set of successive integers (e.g., 1,2,..7). Hence, for a 12-item scale set, the minimum and maximum scores would be expected to be 12x1 = 12 (which matches the value you cite) and 12x7 = 84 (which does not match the value you cite).
Perhaps the authors did something unusual, such as the squared integer value for each item's response scale (1, 4, 9, ... 49). That would be consistent with the 12x49 value. However, there really should be some justification given in the article for why such a scheme was imposed.
Good luck with your work!
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I would like to find out if there a distance at which travel and if so what the distance is. Also how willing are business professionals to travel by general aviation either in the form or charter jets or personal aircraft? Would anyone know what kind of test I could do or perform or where I could find more data on this subject?
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Hi Danial,
If you want to working on Economical of General Aviation. You have to calculate cost of the time, image of there personnel or business that the professional business can be save/earn when compare with another type of transportation. Because the major reason why they used general aviation is not how much money they can save but it's about how much money they can earn from travel by that type of transportation.
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I am currently conducting research (my master thesis) on social justice and social exclusion related to transport. My research hypothesis is whether greater levels of accessibility inevitably result in greater participation in activities or more mobility.
In this way, I would like to read articles that have already studied this relationship.
An article I found on the subject is
"Fransen, K., Farber, S., Deruyter, G., & De Maeyer, P. (2018) The spatio-temporal accessibility measure for modeling activity participation in discretionary activities. . "
Could you suggest me more papers on the subject?
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Thank you for you answer Bryan. I have already looked at these terms on some scientific basis, such as scopus, science direct and webofscience. Most work on the subject assumes that more accessibility results in more mobility and participation in activities. I would like to find specific papers that have tried to verify if this assumption is true.
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As you are doubtless aware, paper-based survey has been known as one of the most common methods for gathering data relevant to people's behavior (either revealed preferences or stated preferences). I wanna make sure how much can we rely on new methods like Internet (Web)-based survey instead of traditional paper-based survey? In particular, my research's scope is related to travel behavior analysis. My research' sample should cover all socioeconomic groups and almost all geographical areas in a city.
I would be happy if somebody shared with me his/her opinion or the valid references.
Thanks in advance
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Another problem you have to consider is about respondent’s willingness to participate. You have to have a reliable database of lead contacts and be aware that response rate is very low, commonly around 5% to 10% so if you need a sample of 400 subjects, for example, you have to contact at least 8000 people.
Of course, never forget the main characteristics of your sample otherwise your results will be biased.
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I want to get accurate data on walking behaviour (particularly related to public transport use), such as the distances and routes taken.
A relatively easy method would be to use an app for people's smartphones to track their location.
I have tested a few apps, such as Moves, but in my experience the tracking often tends to be inaccurate - especially regarding the microscale on which walking takes place.
I wonder what other people's experiences are regarding the use of travel behaviour-tracking apps, or other (non-smartphone) tools that might help getting insight into this walking behaviour?
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I don't have much experience about this, but will suggest for a questionnaire survey in which you can ask questions about the information you want from individual traveler,
Taking target group : those using public transport
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Hi I have completed a survey of public transport users (water transport) and am trying to fit a model in AMOS. I completed a EFA in SPSS and this indicated a solution with 3 or 4 factors. If you see the proposed model it indicates the factors of service planning (quality of the network, frequency, punctuality), comfort (calm environment, clean, view from the boat) and productivity (ability to do work on board, space to do work, smoothness of journey to work). The 4 factor option would split comfort into on board comfort factors and a new factor regarding the environment (the view of the water, the water environment etc).
Based on a previous paper that showed water transport users tend to display excess travel when choosing boats vs the bus option, our hypothesis is that users value either the passive amenity of being on board boats, or the productivity benefits from being able to work while travelling, which may not be as possible on a more crowded bus for example.
The estimates you can see seem to indicate that it is more the comfort indicators that are explaining overall satisfaction rather than the productivity inidicators. However, the coefficients for productivity is negative and I'm wondering how to explain this. All items were positively coded on a 1-10 scale in separate importance and satisfaction questions = "rate the importance/satisfaction of being able to conduct work while travelling" etc.
I've attached a paper which is very similar to what I am trying to do. How can I explain the negative coefficient in this context? Another issue is it seems the estimate for overall importance on satisfaction is great than 1.0. Is this an issue? One last thing is that when i run the model is says that one of the variance is negative ("ee" the error term for overall importance).
Thanks for any help!
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Hi
Im not sure this negative number is the path coefficient or covariance between two exogenous variable.
In general, you may explain like this:
1. 42 % of change in Satisfaction could be explain by these three factors, including service, comfort and productivity. or the contribution of these three factors on satisfaction is 42%.
2. Regarding the path coeeficient; if they are significant then you may explain it like: the association of productivity and satisfaction is negative. by increasing or improving the productivity the satisfaction would be decreased.
Again make sure this -0.1 is not covariance.
hope this help you.
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I have a network and I want to model travel behavior
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They are similar to each other. Vissum is a little bit more user friendly (in my opinion, I worked with both of them). If you are not familiar with them, I suggest to use Vissum. It has easy to follow guides that help you to build your network.
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I want to compare almost 100 matrices. I want to know how different is  a11 to b11 to c11.... The matrix itself is  2000 X 2000 matrix.
My understanding so far from literature is that I can compare these matrices to see whether matrices are different to each other or not. I am more interested in seeing whether the cells ( within matrices) are different to each other or not and if yes, by how much?
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I wouldn't reinvent the wheel. try the subtract function in scipy.numpy and identify non-nulls indicating cells that changed.
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According to US EPA, "green infrastructure is a cost-effective, resilient approach to managing wet weather impacts that provides many community benefits. ...[g]reen infrastructure reduces and treats stormwater at its source while delivering environmental, social, and economic benefits.  Within the transportation field, green infrastructure is promoted to prevent and mitigate negative environmental impacts that automobiles cause, and potentially facilitate more of use of alternative mode of travel, such as walking and biking.  Is anyone aware of any studies that quantitatively measure the potential effects of green infrastructure on travel behavior?
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Thank all of you for your responses.  I was away from the office and did not check this site for a while.  I will check your suggested articles.  
Ozgur, I am fairly familiar with the literature on land use and travel behavior, but few studies examine green infrastructure, and no quantitative study found in my literature search.  if you know of any other particular articles that address this connection, please let me know.
Thank you all again!!
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As pure electric vehicles become widely used, it seems that it will replace the conventional vehicles (driven by combustion engine) in the future because of environment protecting and energy conservation advantages. However, one of the important disadvantages is that pure EV has limited driving range, ranging from 100-400km which is obviously less than that of conventional powered cars. Thus, drivers have to consider where and when the pure electric vehicles should recharge in order to ensure that it will not affect their daily traveling negatively, e.g. escort children, go to work, visit friend, go shopping, etc. And such consideration absolutely will further change their decision about their travel behaviors. But how this change will happen? What kinds of travel behavior will be affected mostly?
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Dear Guo,
I can give you two intertested references on electrics vehicles.
The first one is a special issue on electrics vehicles (demand and market penetration) published in Research in Transportation Economics 2015.
The second one is a paper co-wrtitten by Sheperd, Bonsall, Harrison titled "Factors affecting future demand for Electric vehicles: a model based study, Transport Policy, 20, 2012.
Have a pleasant read,
Best regards,
Stephanie Souche-Le Corvec
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I want to know the perceived change in perspectives of women in the contexts of gender roles after transformative traveling experiences using TLT,
I dont have the time to do a pre-trip and post-trip research, I will do a perceived change on perspectives.
However, I dont know how to select my participants who should be already transformed, any ideas?
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I guess you have to go for a qualitative analysis. So regarding sampling refer to the work of Janice Morse. Start with convenience sampling. Your first interview is with a woman which is easy to access, from whom you know that she has transformative experiences, who is intelligent and communicative to be helpful for your study. Go on with snowball sampling. You ask your first interview partner if she knows other women eager to talk about their transformation. Use the constant comparative method. Your sampling should become more and more selective as your anlaytical (strtat from the very first interview on wards) deepens. Use self-perception and self-narration as a criterion. Elminate those women who are negative about transformation.
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I would like to employ IPA to explore experiences of tourists in nature-based destinations? Do you think I should give it a go? Any suggestions for literature?
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I want to know how trip purpose influence the mode choice, in that may be a specific purpose of activities require a specific mode. Trip purpose and mode use are categorical variables (Nominal variables). Different trip purpose with mode use for each trip purpose are known. What type of analysis best suit this scenario? Thank you all.
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Thank you Shian-Loong Bernard Lew and Jamal Kheiri
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I'm doing a research on transit stops design, with a focus on landscaping aspects and on the influence on transit ridership. The general assumption is that the design of transit stops actually plays a role both in the creation of the urban landscape and through its influence on travel behavior. I found some interesting studies but I’m still looking for realized projects and case studies.
Thanks!
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Ciao Elisabetta,
I am working on the "History of Waiting" in the transportation context, so this topic of transit stop design (and its historical evolutions) is also interesting for me. As a maybe helpful hint, there's a new publication by the Danish Ole B. Jensen, who works at the interhange of urban planning and design. Have look & best wishes.
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I've been asked to analyse the opportunities offered by an Applied Lab that is supposed to investigate on the passenger experience during a train trip.
What kind of research method would be the most appropriate? 
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Giorgia,
You might want to look into variable analysis (regression), first identify the variables you might want to assess, then structure a survey of questions, it doesn't have to be vast you can do potential 5 to 10 questions to target the issues. You can plot out the variables  and responses (answers) using SPSS, this will enable you to be informed through the extrapolation of the data.  If you not familiar with SPSS there is plenty of information and videos on how to conduct a variable analysis.
Michele
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Duty of care is part of a travel policy for business travelers.
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The travelers safety should take in business industry because the decreasing of the accidents and hazards will encourage the clients especially in flight transport