Science topic

Transportation Engineering - Science topic

Transportation Engineering are transport systems planning and engineering, focussed on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Traffic Engineering and Optimization,
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Hello everyone
I have revised my manuscript according to the reviewers' comments and tried to submit it to the Transportation Engineering journal. "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/transportation-engineering"
However, I encountered a PDF build error that prevented me from completing the submission process. The error message said: "PDF build failed: There were errors building the PDF file. I checked the file but I could not understand what the problem was. I used Microsoft Word to write my manuscript and followed the journal's template and guidelines. Has anyone faced a similar issue before? How can I fix this error and submit my manuscript successfully?
Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
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I have also encountered this issue previously, and it was resolved in a different manner.
Thank you for sharing this new perspective; it's helpful!
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I need help with one survey to reach 3000 people (response). I will be really thankful if anyone can reply and share this survey.
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I have answered
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Any standard, guideline, photo can help :)
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Other reference:
National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO). Urban Bikeway Design Guide: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-bikeway-design-guide/
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Please suggest a few appropriate Journals without charge, No tamplate and fast publication for Transportation Engineering?
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Here are a few journals in the field of Transportation Engineering that are known for their fast publication, open access options, and do not charge publication fees
  1. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition): Published by Elsevier, this journal focuses on all aspects of traffic and transportation engineering, including planning, design, operations, and management. It offers a rapid publication process and does not charge any publication fees.
  2. Journal of Modern Transportation: An open-access journal published by SpringerOpen, it covers a wide range of topics related to transportation engineering and technology. The journal aims for a quick review and publication process without any publication fees.
  3. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives: Published by Elsevier, this journal encourages interdisciplinary research in transportation, covering areas such as engineering, planning, policy, economics, and social sciences. It offers a rapid review and publication process without any publication fees.
  4. Transportation Letters: The Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies: This journal focuses on transportation research, policy, and practice. It provides a fast publication process and does not charge any publication fees.
  5. Advances in Transportation Studies: An open-access journal that covers various aspects of transportation studies, including planning, design, technology, and policy. The journal aims for a quick review and publication process without any publication fees.
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Based on disaster resilience road- landslide, slope stabilization.
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Road safety, car safety and factors influencing the reduction of road accidents
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What is the difference or relation between "Digital solutions" and "Intelligent Transportation Systems"? Especially in Urban areas/urban mobility
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Dear Dr. Afshar!
I found resources you might well find of value to your work in progress:
1) de Oliveira, G.G., Iano, Y., Vaz, G.C. et al. Data collection and analysis applied to intelligent transportation systems: a case study on public transportation. Discov Artif Intell 3, 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00059-3, Open access:
2) Joash Mageto, Hossana Twinomurinzi, Rose Luke, Siyabonga Mhlongo, Kelvin Bwalya & Stella Bvuma (2022) Building resilience into smart mobility for urban cities: an emerging economy perspective, International Journal of Production Research, DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2022.2139866, Available at:
3) M. Angelidou, C. Politis, A. Panori, T. Bakratsas, K. Fellnhofer,
Emerging smart city, transport and energy trends in urban settings: Results of a pan-European foresight exercise with 120 experts, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 183, 2022, Open access:
4) Qiao, S., Huang, G., & Yeh, A. G.-O. (2022). Mobility as a Service and urban infrastructure: From concept to practice. Transactions in Urban Data, Science, and Technology, 1(1–2), 16–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/27541231221114171, Free access:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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I'm currently writing my master’s thesis at the Politecnico di Milano in collaboration with the Gruppo Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, which evaluates the design and implementation of MaaS (Mobility as a Service).  To design a customer-centric mobility, I created a survey to understand the needs and problems of the users and identify their preferences. 
The questionnaire takes only a few minutes of your time. By filling it out and sharing it with friends/acquaintances of your network you will give me a great help and you will contribute shaping the future of mobility!
Here below you can find the link:
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Dear Mr. Manenti!
I am a researcher from Finland, and my country of origin is Hungary. I submitted my answers: have visited Italy many times before. Your research is a very important one. Hope YOU the best! Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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The new trend of transportation Engineering Activities enrolled different technologies. These technologies include: Computer Vision, GIS, Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence; Digital Photogrmmetry, Unmanned drones, Expert and Knowledge-based systems, Digital Mapping, cellular phone usage, 3D-mapping; etc.
What do you thing the second era for the new millennium will be?
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Trying to gather some ideas for the future of new generation.
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When considered at the regional level, what is the major purpose of a regional transportation system?
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For instance, in urban transportation there are several participants, e.g., mobility service providers, infrastructure and traffic management centres, passengers, local-, and state governance etc. Each participant collect/generate- and store data. The level of integration would be higher if either
  • the participants share their data with each other (which would be quite idealistic), or
  • there are a data platform, to where participants transfer their data (this can be a data warehouse for example).
High integration would be advantageous, as development projects require data for efficient execution. The main reason of my related research is to enable efficient, standardized and data-based decision support for transportation development projects.
I've thought about interpreting data systems as graphs and calculate the level of integration, based on the number of different connections/relations between the participants, but this may result in a rather decentralised/overcomplicated system, in which, the more connections are, the higher the integration is.
I would aim to
  • estimate the optimal number of connections between participants, and
  • develop a data warehouse framework, where participants do not need to communicate but they transfer their data to the warehouse, in which the data is stored in a structured manner.
In the next step, maybe compare the two solutions. I know there are several policy/management related barriers of data sharing (specially between the participants), this way, the data warehouse seems like a better idea. Of course, sharing data with the warehouse may assume some central legal actions (e.g., law enforcement of data sharing).
Thank you very much for your answers in advance!
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My area of interest is in Transportation Engineering. I need a topic to research on. Kindly recommend
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I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting topics:
- Investigations of the influence of the urban road pavement roughness on movement of vehicles;
- Study of the impact of bus stops on city roads and streets on traffic flow and traffic safety;
- Study of the influence of transport and maintenance indicators of road surface of urban streets on traffic safety;
- Study of methods for assessing the quality of skid resistance of urban road surfaces.
My best regards, Amir Beketov.
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Hello Dears,
I'm doing a safety study on Malaysian Expressways (E1, E2, & E8) so, I need traffic volume data of the North-South Expressway (E1, E2) and East Coast Expressway (E8) includes, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and Average Daily Traffic (AADT) of heavy vehicles for at least one year such as 2016, 2017, or 2018.
Please help me with this thank you All.
Best Regards
Fathi Alkhatni
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You can get data from road and transport authority.
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I am doing a comparative LCA study between different roads in EU and I am looking for data related to machines used during (for instance: laying the pavement, etc.) the construction and maintenance phase of the road ( ex. per 1m2 or 1 km of road).
Thanks!!
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For LCA, i have been used various softwares such as SimaPro, GaBi and OpenLCA. You can get different datasets.
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I hope everyone is safe and healthy.
The purpose of this survey is to study travel behavior during COVID-19. It does not ask for any personal information and will take about 10 - 15 minutes.
Your response will be highly appreciated.
Edit: Thanks everyone for your responses. They survey is now closed.
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Please, can you open the survey again for us to respond. This is a very important aspect that we all need to participate in. Please, can you send me the survey to respond to. Thanks.
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I have traffic volume data collected over seven days (morning and evening daily) in 15-min intervals. I want to aggregate this seven-day (15 min counts) data into an hourly volume in order to visualize it through a heat map. Also, how to get AADT, ADT, DHV, and DDHV from this available data? Attached are the TMC sheets (All) in Excel/CSV format for seven days at an intersection (15-min interval counts).
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Dear Everyone!
I'd ask you opinion about a problem, which is returning in my "softer" research field. Time to time I work on research projects, which do not have available data and/or the data would be very complex/difficult/time consuming to collect.
For example: I elaborate several models of a transportation service (physical, operational, informational, business) and apply it in a case study the results are not really based on any data outside (reasonable and baselined) assumptions and spatial characteristics. The results are some novel characteristics of the service, which can be linked with previous literature.
How would you separate application, results and discussion in this case? How can I discuss results which are not supported by data? Are assumptions and comparison between literature and my results enough to build a proper discussion section?
Thank you for you answers in advance!
Kind regards,
Simon NAGY
PhD student
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My view is different from Peter Samuels', but I think we agree within the typical science and social science project. Consider (theoretical) mathematics research or thought experiments in physics or philosophy. The methods might involve a series of statements (theories, etc), and proofs/derivations related to these.
BUT, it sounds like you are doing a literature review/theory chapter, so look at sources for writing these.
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If yes, what car-following/ lane-changing logic does it use?
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Recently VISSIM added new tools to model AV through the COM interface. You find training section in "Documents\PTV Vision\PTV Vissim 11\Examples Training\Autonomous Vehicles (AV)" . See also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjwXrN0mQFg&t=1034s&ab_channel=UFTransportation
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I am working on potholes detection algorithms using image processing. Is there any appropriate dataset of potholes available or not? Anyone who also worked on it?
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I am planning to build a website " ALL ABOUT CIVIL ENGINEERING " which aims to help students as well as engineers, my goal is to have a website wherein all the material regarding civil engineering is available on this website, who would like to be part of this website by providing me help to build this website, it will be totally educational website focusing on students and engineers, initially planned to keep search tab, providing my youtube links as free lectures,  providing previous years question papers of various universities, IS codes and other countries codes pertaining to civil engineering, Q & A forum to ask questions related to civil engineering by logging in, separate tab for all notes of all subjects and practicals, and also separate section for the articles related to the advances in civil engineering. These are the initial requirements i have planned.
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You can review some similar websites like
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I want to know the latest suggested titles related to Transportation engineering, for which distinguished master theses can be made!
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1) Signal Timing Optimization: Isolated and/or coordinated intersections
2) Real Time Traffic Signal Optimization
3) Vehicle Actuated Signal Management
4) Parking Lot Optimization for variable shaped parking area
5) The effect of Covid-19 on Traveler behavior
6) Actauted Pedestrian Traffic Signals
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Hope you all are in good health and spirits.
IRC recommends a CBR of 15 for rural road construction, i would like to get a clear idea and ranges for different CBR value requirements.
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Dear Najam, I would like to inform you that according to Egyptian code, Min value 15% for sugrade, 20% for subbase and 80% for Base.
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Dear colleagues in different fields of transport planning. I am currently conducting a study called "An integrated study of Park and Ride (P&R) facilities for sustainable urban mobility," which involves research and evaluation of the P&R system components in a mid-sized Latin American city. I have already researched the following: Land use, location of facilities, starting points for travel generation, catchment area, P&R demand, P&R capacity, dynamic accessibility, environment, interaction between (conventional, autonomous, electric vehicles with the P&R system)
I would like to know your opinion as transport planners, which other components should be taken into consideration. Thank you in advance for your feedback.
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The park and ride facilities should be integrated with all transport modes without focusing on only switching to the public transport . Additionally, the locations of park-and -ride facilities could be optimized and relocated with the long term plan of a city. And the operational management on a park-and-ride facility , which can be reflected in a reduction in process time. All of what you mentioned should be combined in a utility function where a travelers can maximize his/her benefit (time is a cost). Value of travel time is another topic which deserves your attention!
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I am conducting a study on connected vehicles and intelligent multimodal lane management and I was wondering if RM could be used with connected vehicles and how? (during the deployment period and after a hypothetical full deployment)
Also I recently read about the 2009 Path IRMP and was wondering if it was possible to download it.
Thank you a lot for your kind help.
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I think future ramp metering for connected vehicles will take place automatically according to the communication protocol of the vehicles. You can review the following publication in this regard.
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Intelligent transportation systems provide many advantages as part of our daily lives. One of the most common applications of these current and increasingly widespread systems in our cities is intelligent junction control. The scope of the intelligent junction control concept which includes different approaches and algorithms, is quite wide. It is known that it needs realistic and objective technical knowledge to guide decision makers correctly. In this sense, what do you think the definition of intelligent intersection should include? Is a high-cost intersection control system with a lot of equipment always necessary? Or are the lower cost solutions that enable multi-plan control by only increasing the number of control programs? What should be the threshold or the transition point for the preference? Is it sufficient to make only cost-benefit analysis? To what extent should social benefits be taken into account for feasibility analysis? Sharing your views on this issue can be beneficial to many researchers and interested parties and can contribute to the spread of sustainable transportation (traffic management) systems.
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Are the intelligent systems really intelligent? I think that most important question is this. Are the benefits obtained from high-cost solutions considerable in every time? Sometimes, low-cost geometrical regulations, basic analytical approaches or the intelligent use of existing resources and systems may be effective for the solution of the problems. I think that traffic flow characteristics and properties at each intersection approaches must be anlayzed in details. It should be noted that this is the first rule for the most properly management of the signalized intersections.
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I'm trying to simulate asphalt layers with Viscoelastic behavior in ABAQUS.
First of all, we must define a elastic property of asphalt, E and v (Poisson ratio).
After that must input viscoelastic coefficient of Prony series (g_i and k_i).
But I seen different expression of Prony series in term of define elastic module.
Many of them, they define prony series in term of E_infinite like below:
E(t)=E_inf + SUM ( E_i*e^(-t/tau_i) )
And E_inf=E0 - SUM(E_i)
And the additional problem is that the ABAQUS get viscoelastic property in term of dimensionless. It's mean that I must divide the E_i to E(infinite or zero).
the problem is that the i dont know what number must input. and when i try to calculate E_0 , i see the huge elastic module.
other question is when i want to compare elastic and viscoelastic material, when i want to define elastic module for elastic behavior, what elastic module must input? E_0 or E_infinite
Files that attached, is the different expression of prony series and abaqus defining of prony series
Please guide me
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The energy density of most redox flow batteries is too low for transport solutions but there is a Swiss company: NanoFlowcell that claims their QUANTiNO vehicle accomplished the impossible.
“The low-voltage system in the QUANTiNO works with the nanoFlowcell® drive to form an exceptionally efficient symbiosis that promises a significantly greater potential range compared with the HV systems commonly used in electric vehicles. Furthermore, it eliminates the danger of electric shocks that can be caused by a high-voltage system in the event of an accident or when undertaking repair work to HV components.”
Only data provided by the company are the test run results. Calculations based on this data gives following results:
Energy demand: 13 kWh per 100 km
Energy density: 600 Wh per liter or kilogram
Average test run speed = around 23 kph
A full tank range at this average speed: 1,400 kilometers.
Nowadays, conventional flow batteries based on vanadium sulfate theoretically achieve energy densities of up to 19 to 38 Wh/L with respect to pure electrolyte solutions. Bromine-based systems would achieve 70 Wh/kg.
It sounds like redox flow cells are not an attractive option, as not one of these cells reaches the levels of lithium-ion ones. Maybe I’m missing something? Did anyone had contact with this compay and can can confirm their results?
Maybe somene who works with redox batteries could share his opinion?
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I wish Tesla adopts nanoflowcell technology .
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I am looking for suitable software (paid or free) that can be used for optimizing traffic light cycles at an intersection.
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You can not optimize cycle length using VISSIM.
VISSIM is an only simulation program. Therefore, all mathematical computations related to signal timings (cycle time, green times) should be made by the users. But, If you use VISTRO (it is an also PTV AG product) with VISSIM, you can optimize signal timings (green times and cycle lengths).
According to me, SIDRA Intersection can be used for optimizing signal timing. Because I think that it has a great mathametical framework. Besides, you can use Synchro, CORSIM and etc.
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Is the conversion rate a limiting factor of this technology, compared to gasification and hydrogenotrophic/acetoclastic methanogenesis? And does hydrogen have the chance to become a successful energy carrier in the transport sector, compared to methane or batteries?
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Problem is, Hydrogen is not hydrocarbon and combustion nature is different from them, so existing IC engine automobiles cannot directly take them. it has very low boiling point, so exerst quite high pressure at room temperature and requires more robust storage system than CNG. Reversible Hydrogen adsorption with high capacity is yet to be commercially implemented. Hydrogen fuel cells are quite sensitive to environmental pollutants and common chemical compound of potable water. So H2 has to go long way before implementation into transport sector widely.
As for the fermentation
  • Are these bacteria/archaea/fungi/other easily available and optimized for hydrogen production? Or they have proprietary genetic codes for yield maximization?
  • Can they take a wide range of feedstocks without significant carbon footprint and maintaining sustainability?
  • Can they take varying oxygen concentration as part of life cycle and also tolerate persistent organic pollutants? can they tolerate mechanical stress?
  • Have the multi-species colony behaviour of micro-organisms and microecology optimization for biohydrogen production thoroughly studied, i.e their genetic pathway and how to tweak them?
Consider these factors and you will find your answer.
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I compacted unbound aggregates at optimum moisture content and then let it dry in the oven for one day. The repeated load triaxial test was carried out on this sample in which I faced a weird behavior (please find the attached figures). The permanent deformation initially increases with a high rate and then its rate decrease slowly and finally it has a negative displacement (like expansion).
This behavior only happened in dried samples and the lower stress conditions (1.59 KN and 1.767 KN deviatoric stresses and 120 and 41.7 confining pressures). These samples have normal behavior, the permanent deformation keep increasing with load cycles, at higher loading environment.
I appreciate your time.
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Cohesionless soils when sheared at low confining stress will dilate and generate negative pore pressures. The particles are interlocked but at some point of continued axial stain they must lift to ride across one another. The perfect example can be seen in the direct shear device with vertical axial stain measurements. Taught in basic soil mechanics. At high confining stress soil is contractive. Dense soil is dilative and loose soil is contractive and depsnds on confining stress.
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Considering that transport is the main component of the logistics system, making domestic production more competitive is basically a strategic decision.
How can increased demand for a city's major roadway make it more competitive?
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Peterson Dayan I am not sure, if I understand your question. If you add demand to your main roadway this usually leads to more congestion. How is that meant to make a city more competitive? By designing the street network you can of course adjust how want to meet this increased demand: walking, cycling, public transport, cars...
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Hi there,
Thank you for concerning about my question. I am new to VISSIM.
I am now trying to match the average speed and volume of specific data collection point to the observed loop detector data. For this purpose, I have changed the desired speed distribution, Vehicle composition and driving behavior.  I set Vehicle inputs by time interval with observed volume and choose Voltype as EXACT. However, I do not know why the Vehs(ALL) in data collection results list does not match the volumes which I input. 
Additionally, what other parameters can I change to obtain better simulated results?
Thank you.
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Hello Peibo,
If you want to calibrate both speeds and volumes for a single location given the observed speed and volumes, you may have to make a few changes. In general, you may have to change
1) Driving Behavior Parameters: If you use Wiedemann 99, the first and most important parameter that affects capacity, and subsequently, the volume and speed is the headway time (CC1). Reducing the headway time will increase the capacity. If you use Wiedemann 74 try changing the additive and multiplicative parts of safety distance. You may also change the maximum lookahead distance. Reducing the maximum lookahead distance may reduce the speed.
2) Lane change Parameters: the safety distance reduction factor affects both volumes and speeds. Reduction of safety distance reduction factor leads to more aggressive driving and increase in speed and volume.
3) Simulation Resolution: reducing the simulation resolution (e.g. to 1) may also lead to reduction in speed.
You may take a look at my dissertation in which I have calibrated the speeds and volume at a single point for a freeway (https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4170/). If you keep not getting the speed and volumes that you desire you will have to use COM programming to automatically change different parameters to make your speed and volumes look similar to those measured in real-world. You may find this source pretty useful:
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I am trying to design a pavement using the MEPDG method in africa. since it can be calibrated anywhere how best can i go about the methodology without the AASHTOware software for a thesis?
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You can calculate the stresses and strains induced by your representative truck loads and at the different temperatures using any existing free software (Kenlayer, ELSYM 5, Bisar), then use the failure model (Fatigue, rutting) to calculate the damage using Excel or any other spreadsheet software. Of course, the MEPDG software uses models to find the temperature at different depths, etc. For your case just use uniform temperatures. The same applies to the water content of the subgrade soil and untreated base materials.
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There is a conjested and a solution would be to design a bypass route, How can i write a thesis about it? something that starts with analysis of and a procedure would be helpful.
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Keith Govo You may use this title for your thesis, "Feasibility of designing a bypass route by congestion assesment at [location]"
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Dear all,
I am working on my Phd and I aim to identify the most influencial factors of Quality of Service, in order to relate them and develop a method that would assess the service quality of at grade intersections (i.e. roundabouts).
Thank u in advance
Efterpi Damaskou
Transportation Engineer
Phd candidate
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There are some software that can assess the quality of service of a roundabout. One of these is SIDRA intersection that can give you the level of service of an intersection based on the traffic condition.
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"" Numerical Modelling of compressive behavior of wheat straw reinforced concrete for pavement application"
I want to do my thesis on the above topic but the problem in experimental done in previous research paper "compressive behavior of wheat straw reinforced concrete for pavement application"
is that by adding wheat straw to concrete reduce its compressive strength but increase the micro shrinkage resistance of concrete.
so the thing that lock my mind is the reduction of compressive strength so is it feasible to to do numerical modelling of it.
Need your suggestion.
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Apart from the reduction of compressive strength, it has also a draw back. The durability of concrete with the addition of wheat straw is also questionable and it may restrict its application for practical purposes.
Modeling of compressive behavior with the inclusion of wheat straw will also not be easy, particularly using FEM and DEM.
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I have to calculate the optimal thickness of well steining for a well foundaton having external diameter 11.6 m and depth 30 m.
IRC 78-2014 gives the formula h =kd√l .Using this formula, thickness will be about 1.9 m. It has been proposed to use Jack down method of well sinking.
Clause 708.2.3.5 of IRC:78-2014 allows to adjust the steining thickness according to design and construction requirement if specialised method of sinking such as jack down method are adopted.
Some case studies to mention here are:
Signature bridge, wazirabad in north delhi having 0.8m steining thickness for a well diameter 8m and depth 35-39 m (jack-down method used here)
Pretensioned sutlej bridge in Punjab having steining thickness 1.05m tapered to 0.75m for well having diameter 6m and depth 32m. (jack down method not used here)
According to the book "Soil Mechanics and Foundation" by B.C. Punmia page 789, steining thickness is given by
t =D/2{1-√1-4r/ρD} ; t is thickness, D is Dia of well, r is unit skin friction, ρ is unit weight of concrete for steining.
As per this equation for a constant skin friction, steining thickness should decrease with increase in diameter of well.
According to the book "Structural detailing in Concrete" by M. Y. H. Bangash, thickness of steining is given by
t=k(0.01H+0.1D) ; t is thickness, k is sub soil constant, D = external dia of wall , H is depth of well.
Using any of the formula, the thickness of steining wont come close to the thickness provided in the case studies i mentioned above.
By using Jack-down method of well sinking, thickness will be reduced, but how to calculate the optimum thickness of well steining in case of jack-down method?
I notice that the steining thickness equation provided in IRC 78-2014 gives the thickness which increases cost of the project.
Your esteemed comments and experiences are highly welcomed and appreciated on this topic.
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Good question.. Please share me the best answer might you trust...
Regards…
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I do not have access to sources , I need papers on topics like "Is  induced traffic measured by survey ? " and other topics in this regard ! Thanks 
here in Afghanistan we do not access to these sources ! 
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have a look may be you will find interesting, its more based on induced traffic through using different urban aspects
and
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I am a a 3rd year student in BSc in civil engineering in University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh.Want to Research on any Transportation Engineering Subject.may you give me a chance???
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CO2 emission/ton/km could be an useful parameter.
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I am a a 3rd year student in BSc in civil engineering in University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh.Want to Research on any Transportation Engineering Subject.may you give me a chance???
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Network traffic
An application of Nash equilibria is in determining the expected flow of traffic in a network. Consider the graph on the right. If we assume that there are x "cars" traveling from A to D, what is the expected distribution of traffic in the network?
As traffic is one of the main problem faced by all TIER-I cities,researching on this one using the available tools like Nash equilibrium will help to find better solution..wish you all the best for your work..thankyou..
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What are the main components that govern the curvature running resistance?
Wheel radius?
Train speed?
Rail curvature?
What more?
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please read the attached file the line which started with ( in one form or anther,.....) i understand that it can be use T Gamma to calculate curving resistance.
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i think it is interesting if we can go anywhere in a second . do you have any idea about how we can do it?
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Never and by no means
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I want to predict the Passenger car unit (PCU) values of different vehicle types using ANN and ANFIS. Is it possible to return a series of equations in the output layer of ANN (or) ANFIS model?
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The equations generated are usually based on sigmoid basis functions, and the number of weights and biases will depend upon the the number of hidden neurons.
More on the form of equations:
2. Mishra et al. (2017):
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Can someone give me information of a capacity, geometry and safety of an Unsignalized U-turns. Thanks
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I want to calculate the lateral shifting / lane changing behaviour of vehicle in a traffic stream. I want to know about some methods by which practically this distance can be calculated on road?
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I think through video for external and GPS
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For Simulation of travel time in Vissim Software i need to know the different methods to determine travel time.What are the common methods to find travel time and the difference between them..
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I would like to add on to Prof Vortisch's answer about the probe vehicle technique.
1) To obtain time stamped coordinates, you can use a mobile equipped with a GPS logging app. Example GPSlogger (android). This will also give the travel time with reasonable accuracy. You may ask your participants (who will drive on your target stretch ) to download such app and switch it on at the start of their journey.
2) Or you may travel in the probe vehicle and measure the time manually (timer).
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I have found quite a few studies on this topic that have been conducted in developed countries. [viz (Sutermeister, 1956), Pretty (1973), May and Montgomery (1988), Mahalel, Gur and Shiftan (1991), Ye, Veneziano and Lassacher (2008) etc]. As manual traffic control is only used for emergencies and special occasions in developed countries, not many studies are done compared to other hot topics. But in Asian countries, manual traffic control is quite common, but, I could not find any studies related to this topic. Can anyone suggest me a few if its available?
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Hi, I was working on TRANSCAD and had confusions about creating the link O-D matrix for the larger networks based on the data obtained from the trip tables. I wanted to work on the Chicago Regional Network and I downloaded the trip tables from (http://www.bgu.ac.il/~bargera/tntp/). But somehow I am unable to make O-D matrix for the network. Any help would be appreciated.
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Thank you all for your answers. I appreciate your help.
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Could someone please direct me to a benchmarked dataset for  the subject of driver attention/distraction detection using machine learning, I've surveyed a few papers and they seem to collect their own data, which I was not able to acquire, the data signals used usually include the following, in both attention and distraction scenarios:
      - Speed [m/s].
      - Time to collision [s].
      - Time to lane crossing [s].
      - Steering angle [deg].
      - Lateral position [m].
      - Position of the accelerator pedal [%].
      - Position of the brake pedal [%].
      - Heading angle: angle between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the tangent on the centerline of the street.
      - Lateral deviation: deviation of the center of the car from the middle of the traffic lane.
      - Head rotation: rotation around the vertical axis of the car, measured using the head tracking system installed in the car console.
Thanks.
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Thanks a lot Yash, appreciate it.
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What are the common software to forecast travel demand? Why do we choose one over another? What are the key differences? 
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it depends on your problem status  that you want to model 
 for travel demand and assignment TransCAD the best choice
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I find lane-based microscopic simulation models inadequate for modelling realistic trajectories of human driven vehicles and highly automated vehicles that follow a 2D path. Any suggestions or ideas are welcome.
Thanks
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Hi Freddy, just for completeness I would like to mention that VISSIM is able to move vehicles continuously in both longitudinal and lateral directions. That is how we modeled indian traffic without lane discipline, or bicycle traffic for example. It is probably not exactly what you are looking for, because the model for the lateral movement is not very sophisticated, but the simulation framework can handle it, what is more than in most other tools.
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I would like to measure the perception reaction time of driver when following or passing leading vehicle.
Available methods and data needed. Some references is appreciated.
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The following paper may be of use in helping you define perception-reaction times while driving:
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I am interested in knowing if it is possible to study the degradation of rutting and IRI on a flexible pavement. I already know the ones form World Bank to study the IRI but for a first approach and due to the lack of data I am looking for a simplified equation.
Many thanks
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You can find some simplified relations in the sources below. if you can be more precise, I would try to give you a more complete answer.
Al-Omari, B., Darter, M.I., 1994. Relationships between International Roughness Index and Present Serviceability Rating. Transportation Research Record, 1435, 130–136.
Carey Jr, W.N., Huckins, H.C., Leathers, R.C., 1962. Slope Variance as a Measure of Roughness and the Chloe Profilometer. Highway Research Board Special Report, 73, 126–137.
Sun, L., 2001. Developing Spectrum-Based Models for International Roughness Index and Present Serviceability Index. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 127 (6), 463–470.
Walker, R.S., Fernando, E., 2002. Evaluation of Ride Equation using Current Profiler Systems and New Sensor Technology. The University of Texas at Arlington.
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Parking facilities in Delhi need to be improved and I want to use VISSIM for this purpose. Is it practically possible to do using VISSIM 5.4.
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Thank You for your suggestion. Let's try with that.
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I want to work on the queuing analysis of vehicle at the intersection in Y-junction with a sensor to count the vehicles.
I need more explanation on this.
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I started this type of research, a lot of time ago, using a camera. You have to find the best place for camera and after that to record all traffic. You can count and classify all traffic using this record, in your office. If you want advanced solutions please give us more details.
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See above
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Dear Imran,
Master curve is drawn to study the asphalt binder behavior under wide range of frequency at a particular temperature. Since, very low frequency (eg. 0.000001Hz) and very high frequency (eg. 10000Hz) is practically not possible to perform in the laboratory. Master curve helps in this regard to study the behavior of the visco-elastic material under the wide range of frequency.
You need to carry out Time-Temperature sweep test for the development of master curve.  Essentially you need to cover minimum 4-5 temperatures (eg. 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 °C) and a wide range of frequency (eg. 0.1 rad/sec to 100 rad/sec) to draw a reliable master curve. You need to cover wide range of stated frequency at each temperature level.  
Please note that master curve is drawn at a particular reference temperature. Hence it is preferred that your reference temperature is in the range of different tested temperature. It is more realistic to consider prevalent field temperature as a reference temperature. Let's say the prevalent temperature in the field is 30 °C in your country, then, you should carry out DSR test at various temperatures such as 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C. This will help in carrying out finding out reduced frequency. 
Further while finding out reduced frequency, use of WLF equation(for shifting purpose) is preferred for reference temperature in intermediate to high-temperature condition. However, Arrhenius equation is better if you wish to draw the master curve at a reference temperature in low-temperature condition (eg.  -10 °C). Please note that for low-temperature condition, Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) data is used for this purpose, not the DSR.
Further, selection of a particular model (Sigmoidal, CAM, modified CAM, Double logistic model) is very much important to get appropriate master curve as each model is having their own advantages and limitations.
There are many pieces of literature available in this regard. Let me know if you need further help in this regard.
Good luck.
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There are so many methods in estimating car traffic volume.However, methods about estimating bicycle traffic flow are very few.So I want to know some methods can estimate bicycle traffic volume.
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to study the lack of parking spaces in tehran,I needed to find out how many cars commute in this city to compare to the current parking spaces.
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Hi,
You may find these articles useful:
Iran ranked 13th in world passenger cars sales of 2015 - Tehran Times
Apr 2, 2016 - TEHRAN- Iran ranked 13th in the world sales of passenger cars, hitting ... .According to the report, the amount of passenger cars sold in Iran in ...
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Car ownership
Car ownership per household in Tehran. The increasing number of private automobiles in Tehran has turned into a major problem for this metropolis. Tehran, in ...
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Good Afternoon!
I want to predict the future position of a vehicle in a two dimensional road. The number of lanes are varying over the stretch of the road and I want to predict the future position of the vehicle(the position(may be x & y coordinate and the lane number) during the simulation. The position should be calculated while the simulation is running. The vehicles are free to change lanes in case of lane reduction. Is there any way to predict the positions dynamically during the simulation?
Thank you in advance!
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You have two separate problems here:
1. You want to predict the future position of a vehicle in the network based on the current situation.
2. You want to map the (future) position onto Cartesian coordinates (?)
Is the second issue really relevant, or would link number and position on this link be sufficient? It makes no sense IMO to try to predict the lane, by the way. Except for specific situations (e.g. left-turner close to an intersection with a separate lane for that movement) you are only going to get random numbers out.
For the future positions, it is _not_ sufficient to just use some car following model. You need the travel times, which requires consideration of other vehicles, since they influence the link speed. Doing this yourself is probably far too much work.
Instead, I would suggest to use dynamic assignment. The edges and movements have travel times somewhere as attributes. This is also what you would have in a practical situation (current travel times from a combination of real-time data and some assignment). I think you can even get out which path a vehicle takes, so you would have a handle to iterate where a vehicle wants to go along to sum up the travel times (something that you do _not_ have in a real-time environment).
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We are conducting the safety analysis at several uncontrolled intersections where no traffic control devices are present. We want to compare Post Encroachment Time (PET) and critical gap time for the safe stop. For those who are not familiar with the term PET, here is the definition:
The time between the first road user leaving the common spatial zone (in a two road user encounter) and the second road user arriving at it.
It is possible to determine the PET manually from the recorded video. But, my question is how to come up with the critical gap required for a safe stop based on running speed.
Thanks in advance.
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Thanks a lot Prof. Kolita Weerasekera. I will go through these papers.
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I am research on the road classification. It is difficult to find the full text of Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads. thanks.
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You are welcome.
The only roads that are not counted are the private earth roads in forests (for forest maintenance and exploitation), for instance, or the roads in the wilderness  that are not strictly for public use (like acess roads to electricity grids, damns, mines, etc.)..
In my understanding (I was one of the royal commissioners who produced that report of 1992, available on the Agora Jules Dupuit site www.e-ajd.net in English or French on the Network Accounts page), there is no federal design guide because roads, by the Canadian Constitution of 1867, are of provincial jurisdiction.
The data were compiled by Royal Commission staff, a very competent team, at the time (1989-1992), in Ottawa.
Marc Gaudry
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Hi, I am wondering if someone has some pointers to references on individual vehicle (or two vehicles) entry speeds into an intersection / junction and the likelihood of a collision. I imagine such relationships would vary by type of control, e.g. give way sign, traffic signal roundabout. Any ideas?
Something like that is already available for individual vehicle speeds/speeding in general context (Kloenden curves), but I am not aware of intersection-specific research. Anything from micro-simulation?
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Hi Chris, sounds great. Cross my fingers. Please keep updated :-)
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I want to plot the city map on the transcad software
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This is a fundamental problem -- you have data that are not designed for GIS such as Transcad and so some import method is necessary. If you have only the PDF which is a "picture" of the area, you will be able to import it as a picture or backdrop for your own map layers PROVIDED you can identify some points on the PDF to which you can assign accurate coordinates in your map system. (You should pick several non co-linear points.) This is sometimes referred to as rubber sheeting.
The autocad option is a little different -- it may be an import data type / option in your GIS software (see the import options) but realize that an autocad diagram is not geo-referenced to the world coordinates in your map so you may have to find some corresponding points.
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I am conducting a research on effect of fillers on asphalt characterictics.
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Dear Khan,
Already many researchers have mentioned about basic tests. Along with those basic tests check force ductility (FD) test, Double edge notch tension (DENT) test, and direct tension (DT) tests. These tests will help you in understanding tensile and fracture behaviour of bitumen.
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The question refers to workload management from different perspectives: organisational, individual, operational demand. I'm just interesting in different viewpoints on this question
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Thanks!
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I have to  design a rigid pavement road and conduct geotechnical investigation along the road alignment. In this regard, I need to conduct a few California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests along the road length. What is the requirement of CBR test frequency, namely, after how long distance, the test shall be repeated as per international standards such AASHTO or ASTM or so on?
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Dear Dr. Ullah:
I will scan some relevant pages for you and send them
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Time Lost is assumed to be (approximately) the difference between time effectively spent and the time that would be needed in free-flow conditions.
Regarding pedestrian movement in shared spaces, and assuming that conflicts against cars could be solved both by decelerating and by deviating from the shortest path, it seems to me that "free-flow condition" means to walk the shortest path with free-flow speed.
The question is exactly which free-flow speed should I assume for pedestrians in regard to this calculation. Literature recomendations are welcome.
thanks for your help,
federico
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yes, it's true
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The reference Manual mentions that deq. of a plate element should not be changed during staged construction. I want to model both the linings of different thicknesses on the same centre line. So is there any method so we can change the thickness properties of plate element so as to accommodate both temporary lining and perm. lining.? or Please suggest any other way where i can study the impact on both temp and perm lining in the same model. 
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Hi Maheswara,
Do you want model the both temporary and permanent lining in simultaneously? I don't suggest you Plaxis software for this purpose, and even with volume element it's not accurate enough. I suggest you use another software such as FLAC.
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I have been working with research on new predictive model of train traffic by using new railway signaling systems. I would appreciate if anyone could introduce me any work about European Raiway train management system (ERTMS), especially about safe movement of train, calculation methods of trains regulation, considering intervals between trains.
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Hello Paulo,
It would be great to see the results of your research. Firstly, I will read about PTC, about difference beetween PTC and ERTMS. I believe that this information will be useful for me.  In the future it will be possible to compare three different train control systems - Russian, ERTMS and PTC.
I will be grateful for any help you can provide.
Regards,
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I am trying to be well updated on successful DRT:s in recent time, say the last 8 years. I am well aware of EU funded projects and fairly well aware of other projects within the EU. However, I would appreciate suggestions about DRT projects and implementation in other parts of the world. My focus is on rural transports so initiatives in population dense areas is not so interesting for me. 
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I want to develop a multiple linear regression with 457 samples. Among independent variables, there is one categorical variable which consists of three level (XL1, XL2 AND XL3). The number of XL1, XL2 and XL3 are 229, 214 and 14 respectively. Looking at proportion levels, XL3 is only 0.030 which can be neglected or at least merged with other levels.
Is any statistical test which can be decide whether the number of level of a design variable could be reduced?.
Any way, I have reviewed one paper which stated the hypothesis as below:
H0 : pi = 0
H1: pi ≠ 0
where pi is the proportion of class i, with 0.05 significance level
The paper claimed that if pi < 0.05, then class i can be reduced from a design variable.
I wonder how it can be since pi value fall in alternative H1 which is pi ≠ 0. Is it correct approach? If yes, please provide your explanation.
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You do not have to collapse groups unless:
1) You want to do it for some scientific reason (e.g. XL2 and XL3 are closely related)
2) You are fitting a model with many covariates, whereby having too many categories in your categorical variables will overfit your model.
When you include the three categories in your model, one of them, let's say XL1 will be the baseline category with which the others will be compared. The model will give you coefficients and p-values for XL2 and XL3 that will tell you if each of these is significantly associated with the outcome.
If you decide/need to collapse you will lose information, so I would suggest you avoid doing that.
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Can anyone give examples of documents which suggest this practice? It seems not to be a good idea, but maybe there is some valid reasoning behind it.
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Hello !
I confirm: We use the same design speed for any elemet in the vertical and horizontal alignment (curve or tangent), and the design speed is defined by the horizontal alignment. 
In Colombia we make vertical alignment design with design speed defined according with horizontal alignment's design speed of the element (curve or tangent). Now, we have some grades which the real operating speed is lower than the horizontal alignment.
Now I'm conducting an investigation about decreasing speed of vehicles according the grade of the road. If you have information about that, please send me those information.
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I am aware of several methods/tools for measuring the ease with which a pedestrian can traverse urban environment. While they make good sense, none of them is based on any traceable research references. Please let me know if you are aware of such 'walkability' assessment methods which have solid basis in empirical evidence. Regards.
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Hi Chris,
There are some studies on walkability of pedestrian facilities for different individuals. You may be interested in following papers
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I have developed a quantitative LOS criteria based on actual delay faced by pedestrians on Indian roads using cluster analysis. I have also conducted a user perception survey to understand the perceived pedestrian delay. I wish to develop an LOS criteria which is a combination of both quantitative delay and perceived delay. I can develop another LOS criteria solely based perceived delay, but I am not sure how to come up with a combined LOS criteria.
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The common way is to compare actual conditions and perceptions. You can evaluate  LOS of actual condition based your developed model or HCM guideline then you can investigate how close was the perceptions versus actual conditions.
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This is for our minor project. Time available is a month. We are trying for some alternative way for preparation of DPRs for PMGSY roads as against the traditional way of going for the surveys and then using it as a major basis for DPR preparation. We have with us an already made DPR to compare the results. We also do not expect accurate results, but want to quantify the difference. How can i use DEM or other related things for the same. Please advise on the same. Thank you
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you can get digital photos maintaining 60% overlap of each photo and process using "Bentley Context Capture" software to get accurate 3D surface model. look at context capture on web. 
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Through preliminary studies, I have selected seven attributes for SP modelling. Since I have to make separate models for A.C and Non-A.C buses, I have considered 'type of bus' as one attribute (levels are A.C and Non-A.C). However,   while incorporating the attribute ‘fare’ I need to give due consideration to the present fare of A.C (ie. Rs 3.0/km)) and Non-A.C buses (Rs 1.0/km). Therefore, levels of fare considered for the experiment are 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 (Rs/km.
If I do the D-optimal design, I may get an A.C bus type with a fare less than present fare of A.C bus (say Rs 1.5/km) which is not practical. How can I tackle this issue?
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Yes, as Kun Gao suggested, you can consider different set of fare levels and constrained them with bus type. Another issue, as I understand, you are considering an unlabelled experiment and AC and Non-AC bus as attribute... These two bus services are distinctly different from each other, therefore, I would suggest you to go for labelled experiment.
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I am trying to calibrate AASHTO Passing Sight Distance (PSD) for our developing countries highway. I am worried about the data needed and process of calibration.
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Hello Sohel,
For gap acceptance, you can check the sight triangles at intersections (approach and departure) were the decision sight distance is controlling (DSD). DSD has different formulas based on intersection control and movement rank. 
For PSD, you may need to look (test) at perception reaction time, passing time, speeds of passing and passed veh