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Tractography - Science method
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Publications related to Tractography (10,000)
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Hemispheric asymmetries in white matter tracts are proposed key determinants of language lateralisation, yet evidence in healthy individuals remains inconsistent. This suggests that simple tractography techniques might not be sensitive enough to identify language dominance. Significant insights into the functional organization of the human brain ma...
Background
Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by medial temporal lobe (MTL) abnormalities. Although gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences in LLD have been reported, few studies have investigated them concurrently. Moreover, the impact of aetiological factors, such as neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular burden, on tissue diff...
Background
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) has identified marked volume and diffusion abnormalities of the fornix, the main white matter (WM) output tract of the hippocampus.
Objective
To determine if the fornix is affected in pediatric-onset MS (POMS) using the same DTI protocols used in adult-onset MS (AOMS)...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a major global health concern, characterized by a variety of negative long term neurological outcomes. Current diagnostic tools lack the sensitivity to fully capture the complex pathophysiology of TBI and predict long-term consequences, underscoring the need for robust methods for biomarker detection. This stud...
Developmental cognitive neuroscience aims to shed light on evolving relationships between brain structure and cognitive development. To this end, quantitative methods that reliably measure individual differences in brain tissue properties are fundamental. Standard qualitative MRI sequences are influenced by scan parameters and hardware-related bias...
Background
The treatment of glioblastomas (GBM) with radiation therapy is extremely challenging due to their invasive nature and high recurrence rate within normal brain tissue.
Purpose
In this work, we present a new metric called the tumour spread (TS) map, which utilizes diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to predict the probable direction of tumour...
Background
The clinical pictures of essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are often quite mimic at the early stage, and longstanding ET may ultimately develop to PD, that is, PD with “antecedent ET”. Early diagnosis and differentiation of the two are essential for predicting disease progression and formulating individualized treatment...
Background High rates of depression and anxiety have been reported in patients with fibromiyalgia (FM). Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the volume of the amygdala, medial frontal cortex, limbic system and hippocampus in participants with anxiety and depression and to compare the fibromyalgia and control groups by determining the af...
There is a growing interest in using diffusion MRI to study the white matter tracts and structural connectivity of the fetal brain. Recent progress in data acquisition and processing suggests that this imaging modality has a unique role in elucidating the normal and abnormal patterns of neurodevelopment in utero. However, there have been no efforts...
Background
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can lead to structural brain abnormalities, with thalamus atrophy being the most common extratemporal alteration. This study used probabilistic tractography to investigate the structural connectivity between individual thalamic nuclei and the hippocampus in TLE.
Methods
Thirty‐six TLE patients who underwent...
Target Audience: Researchers and clinicians interacting with tractography data.
The human brain connectome is characterized by the duality of highly modular structure and efficient integration, supporting information processing. Newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), prematurity, or spina bifida aperta (SBA) constitute a population at risk for altered brain development and developmental delay (DD). We hypothesize that,...
Target Audience Researchers and clinicians interested in dynamically refining large volumes of tractography data using their expertise.
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a well-established treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but predicting clinical outcomes remains challenging. Heart rate modulation induced by iTBS has emerged as a potential biomarker for treatment response, yet the role of white matter (WM) properties in mediating these effects is largely u...
Background
Population‐based functional connectomes help explain heterogeneity in tau spread in Alzheimer’s disease by demonstrating spread among connected neurons from canonical epicenters. However, if the hypothesis of cell‐to‐cell transmission of tau is correct, individual structural connectomes seeded from individual‐specific epicenters of PET‐t...
Background
TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), has been shown to be involved in various neurodegenerative disorders involving axonal damage including ALS, FTLD, and LATE. Studying the relationships between postmortem TDP‐43 and antemortem white matter (WM) structural integrity can allow for a better understanding of underlying neural mechanisms of...
Background
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an important animal model in neuroscience and neurological diseases, presenting primate‐specific evolutionary features such as an expanded frontal cortex. We established a new consortium with funding support from the National Institute on Aging to generate, characterize, and validate MArmosets...
Background
Along‐tract analysis of white matter (WM) bundles can help map detailed patterns of WM pathway degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we present Medial Tractography Analysis (MeTA), which aims to minimize partial voluming and microstructural heterogeneity in diffusion MRI (dMRI) metrics by extracting and parcellating the volume along...
Background
Population‐based functional connectomes help explain heterogeneity in tau spread in Alzheimer’s disease by demonstrating spread among connected neurons from canonical epicenters. However, if the hypothesis of cell‐to‐cell transmission of tau is correct, individual structural connectomes seeded from individual‐specific epicenters of PET‐t...
Background
The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important noradrenergic nucleus that supplies noradrenaline to the brain through extensive cortical and subcortical projections. Recent studies established that the LC is vulnerable to aging and common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. However it is currently unclear how these proj...
Background
Apathy is marked by diminished motivation and goal‐directed behavior, prevalent in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Effort‐based decision‐making paradigms (EBDM), which require choices between tasks of varying effort levels for varying rewards, are effective assessments of goal‐direct...
Background
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were reported to contribute to the thinning of regional cortex connected to WMH in cerebral small vessel disease. However, the relationship between WMH and regional changes in WMH‐connected cortex in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the association...
The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), one of the main dopaminergic nuclei of the brain, exerts a regulatory function on the basal ganglia circuitry via the nigro-striatal pathway but its possible dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus has been only investigated in non-human primates. The impossibility of tract-tracing studies in humans has bo...
Background
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (aAD) exhibit degeneration of white matter (WM) tracts preceding overt cognitive decline. However, WM changes in non‐amnestic AD (naAD) are understudied. We hypothesized patterns of WM degeneration would differ between aAD and naAD.
Methods
We compared WM degeneration, assessed...
Background
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cortical tau aggregation is a strong predictor of cortical brain atrophy as shown by MRI and PET studies, particularly driving the degeneration of neuronal somata in the grey matter. However, tau’s physiological role is to stabilize microtubules within axons in the brain’s white matter (WM) pathways. Therefor...
Background
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cortical tau aggregation is a strong predictor of cortical brain atrophy as shown by MRI and PET studies, particularly driving the degeneration of neuronal somata in the grey matter. However, tau’s physiological role is to stabilize microtubules within axons in the brain’s white matter (WM) pathways. Therefor...
Introduction
Upper limb (UL) impairment is common in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), and functional recovery of the UL is a key rehabilitation goal. Technology-based approaches, like virtual reality (VR), are increasingly promising. While most VR environments are task-oriented, our clinical approach integrates neuroproprioceptive ‘facilitati...
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, predominantly manifesting as amnestic impairment. However, atypical presentations such as logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and frontal AD pose diagnostic challenges. This study presents prel...
Background
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is defined neuropathologically by misfolded tau (FTLD‐tau) or TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (FTLD‐TDP). However, we lack biomarkers that can distinguish them in vivo which is a major barrier to effective disease‐modifying treatment trials. Based on neuropathological evidence of distinct patter...
Background
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is defined neuropathologically by misfolded tau (FTLD‐tau) or TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (FTLD‐TDP). However, we lack biomarkers that can distinguish them in vivo which is a major barrier to effective disease‐modifying treatment trials. Based on neuropathological evidence of distinct patter...
Background
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an important animal model in neuroscience and neurological diseases, presenting primate‐specific evolutionary features such as an expanded frontal cortex. We established a new consortium with funding support from the National Institute on Aging to generate, characterize, and validate MArmosets...
Summary
Background Supratentorial function-eloquent brain tumour surgeries challenge the balance between maximal tumour
resection and preservation of neurological function. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative and
intraoperative mapping techniques on resection outcomes and post-operative deficits.
Methods This systematic review...
Thalamocortical connections are crucial for relaying sensory information in the brain and facilitate essential functions including motor skills, emotion, and cognition. Emerging evidence suggests that thalamocortical connections are organised along spatial gradients that may reflect their sequential formation during early brain development. However...
Accurate preoperative mapping is crucial for maximizing tumor removal while minimizing damage to critical brain functions during brain tumor surgery. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are established methods for assessing motor and language function. Fo...
Introduction
White matter tracts in the brain are essential for neurocognitive processes. Understanding their integrity is crucial for assessing both healthy and pathological brain states. Tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a non-invasive method to map and measure these pathways. The purpose of this
study is to examine th...
The frontal eye field (FEF) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are prefrontal regions that mediate top-down functions, with mounting neuroimaging evidence suggesting that they specialize in controlling spatial versus non-spatial processing, respectively. We hypothesized
that their unique patterns of structural connectivity underlie these speci...
The primary aim of this study is to address the challenges in submillimeter diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), such as prolonged acquisition time, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal attenuation at slab boundary. We introduce a novel 3D Fourier encoding mechanism, PRISM (Partition-encoded Simultaneous Multislab), and a new concept...
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is another cause of brain hemorrhage and it comprises about
15% of intracerebral hematomas. It often occurs at a young age. Bleeding from an AVM most often occurs between
the ages of 10 and 30 years. It often causes a cerebral hematoma in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe or
parietal lobe, and in so...
White fiber anatomy is classified according to its function: association, commissural, and projection. The most studied are the superior longitudinal fascicle, inferior longitudinal fascicle, uncinate fascicle, and inferior frontal occipital fascicle, because of their anatomy and function. In this experimental investigative study in the laboratory,...
Purpose
Objective information about the central auditory pathways in vestibular schwannoma can guide strategies for hearing rehabilitation and prognostication. This study aims to generate this information using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
Methods
This is a prospective observational single center study including 35 patients with vestibular schw...
INTRODUCTION
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to the microstructural properties of brain tissues and shows great promise in detecting the effects of degenerative diseases. However, many approaches analyze single measures averaged over regions of interest without considering the underlying fiber geometry.
METHODS
We...
State‐of‐the‐art navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) systems can display the TMS coil position relative to the structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the subject's brain and calculate the induced electric field. However, the local effect of TMS propagates via the white‐matter network to different areas of the brain, and current...
Background
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) frequently results in persistent cognitive, emotional, and functional impairments, closely linked to disruptions in the default mode network (DMN). Understanding the mechanisms driving these network abnormalities is critical for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Methods
This study adopte...
Diffusion tractography, a cornerstone of white matter mapping, relies on point-to-point stream-line propagation—a process often compromised by errors stemming from inadequate signal-to-noise ratio and limited spatial-angular resolution in diffusion MRI (dMRI) data. Here, we present Anatomy-to-Tract Mapping (ATM), a novel deep learning framework tha...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is a circuit‐based treatment for severe, refractory obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The therapeutic effects of DBS are hypothesized to be mediated by direct modulation of a distributed cortico‐striato‐thalmo‐cortical network underlying OCD symptoms. However, the e...
Purpose
This study aimed to characterize spinal cord microstructure in healthy subjects using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and tractography.
Methods
Forty-nine healthy subjects (18–50 years, divided into 2 age groups) were included in a prospective study. HARDI of the cervical spinal cord were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner w...
Objective: Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has seldom been used to study visuospatial (VS) circuits so far. Our work studied (I) VS functions in neurosurgical oncological patients by using repetitive nTMS (rnTMS), (II) the possible subcortical circuits underneath, and (III) the correspondence between nTMS and direct cortical stim...
Traditional Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) metrics are affected by crossing fibers and lesions. Most of the previous tractometry works use the single diffusion tensor, which leads to limited sensitivity and challenging interpretation of the results in crossing fiber regions. In this work, we propose a tractometry pipeline that combines white matter...
Background: Tractography allows the in vivo study of subcortical white matter, and it is a potential tool for providing predictive indices on post-operative outcomes. We aim at establishing whether there is a relation between cognitive outcome and the status of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus’s (IFOF’s) microstructure. Methods: The longitu...
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects nearly half of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, the structural heterogeneity within the brainstem, which regulates REM sleep, remains largely unexplored in PD. Our objective was to identify distinct PD subtypes based on microstructural characteristics in the brainstem and exa...
The striatum is divided into two interdigitated tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These compartments exhibit distinct anatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological characteristics and have separable roles in motor and mood functions. Little is known about the functions of these compartments in humans. While compartment-specific roles...
Auditory perception is established through experience‐dependent stimuli exposure during sensitive developmental periods; however, little is known regarding the structural development of the central auditory pathway in humans. The present study characterized the regional developmental trajectories of the ascending auditory pathway from the brainstem...
Currently, structural connectivity (SC) strength is usually non-invasively estimated as streamline density or connection probability, via tractography based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). However, nonnegligible tracking biases are still unavoidably introduced into SC strength computation, thus affecting exploration of anatomical me...
This paper proposes a statistical physics-based data assimilation model for the mobility of water-bound hydrogen nuclear spins in the brain in the context of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI). Point of departure is a statistical hopping model that emulates molecular motion in the presence of static and stationary microsc...
Neuroplasticity is well established in low grade glioma patients. Less is known about functional plasticity in glioblastomas. A 56-year-old lady presented with a recurrent speech deficit seventeen months after her initial craniotomy for a language eloquent glioblastoma (GBM). Pre-operative navigated trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (n-TMS) for la...
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy in essential tremor (ET) targets the ventral intermediate nucleus hub region within the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract (CTCT). Understanding the microstructural changes in the CTCT over time and their link to tremor improvement is crucial from a tremor-network perspective. We retro...
This study explores the use of augmented reality (AR) for intraoperative guidance during the microsurgical resection of diffuse gliomas, especially those located near the critical corticospinal tract. AR provides surgeons with a three-dimensional view of essential brain structures in real time, overcoming the limitations of traditional navigation s...
This chapter introduces neuroimaging researchers to the concepts and techniques of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data processing. Using the freely available ExploreDTI software, we provide a step-by-step guide for processing multi-shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging data and generating tractography based on constrained deconvolut...
There are a growing number of neuroimaging studies motivating joint structural and functional brain connectivity. The brain connectivity of different modalities provides an insight into brain functional organization by leveraging complementary information, especially for brain disorders such as schizophrenia. In this paper, we propose a multimodal...
Networks in the parietal and premotor cortices enable essential human abilities regarding motor processing, including attention and tool use. Even though our knowledge on its topography has steadily increased, a detailed picture of hemisphere-specific integrating pathways is still lacking. With the help of multishell diffusion magnetic resonance im...