Science topic
Titanium - Science topic
Titanium is a dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Questions related to Titanium
How to measure the sheet resistance of a titanium silicide film of less than 10 nanometers with only one photomask, or what measurement methods are available?
I am currently developing a novel coating for titanium implants, and I have encountered some challenges with one of my experimental groups.
In this group, I used electrodeposited calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on titanium as a positive control due to its proven osteoconductivity in the literature. However, when I cultured periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) on the CaP-coated titanium, I observed significant cell death. To address this issue, I conditioned the CaP surface with fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 1 hour before cell seeding and refreshed the media every three days. Although these modifications reduced the cell death rate somewhat, the viability of the cells remains unacceptably low.
I would greatly appreciate any advice or suggestions you might have regarding methods to improve cell viability on CaP-coated titanium implants.
I look forward to any guidance you can provide.
Hi all,
I am designing a calibration Kit for 2 port calibration. So for the further work, to design a load of 50 ohm we have decided for a 23 nm Titanium thin fim resistor by electron beam evaporation. In order to design the load with a specified length and width, we need to know about the resitivity of the thin film resistor.
If any one has idea about that or leads to some papers regarding it, it would be a great help.
Thank you for your help!
Cheers,
Jojo
Would it be possible to use sodium in liquid anhydrous ammonia (Birch reduction) to reduce titanium dioxide to titanium metal?
Titanium dioxide is a covalent molecule and I wanted to ask if it might be reduced to titanium metal by the Wolff-Kishner Reduction in the same manner that organic carbonyls are reduced to alkanes.
I am a chemistry student conducting an experiment to electrochemically deposit nano-copper onto Titanium foil using Chronopotentiometry (CP). I applied a current of -15 mA/cm² for 142 seconds. The three-electrode system consisted of Titanium foil as the working electrode (WE), a platinum wire as the counter electrode (CE), and an Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode (RE). The electrolyte was a mixture of 50 mL containing 0.02 M Cu(NO3)2, 1 M H2SO4, and 0.1 M HNO3.
After 142 seconds, a reddish-brown layer formed on the Titanium foil. However, after removing it from the system and exposing it to air, the reddish-brown layer gradually disappeared within a few minutes, leaving nothing visible on the Titanium foil.
Could this be due to copper being oxidized into copper oxide, but the deposited amount is too small for the black color of CuO to be observed?
The synthesis process follows the work of Ortiz et al., 2014.
Ortiz, G. F., López, M. C., Alcántara, R., & Tirado, J. L. (2014). Electrodeposition of copper–tin nanowires on Ti foils for rechargeable lithium micro-batteries with high energy density. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 585, 331–336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.09.163

I mixed tungsten and titanium and sintered it in cylinder shape diameter 50mm with thickness 4mm. I would like to observe the fracture morphology under SEM. But to study the fracture morphology first I need to break it. WTi is very hard material. I unable to do tensile or compression test to break as the sample is too small. Is there any way to break it like using chemical or how? In published paper they do not mentioned in details how they break it.
Thank you in advance,
The research we have conducted is not yielding any result despite following the proper protocol :
Titanium nanoparticles were synthesized, calcinated and stored under proper conditions.
To perform photocatalysis :
We added 0.05g of TiO2 nanoparticles, 0.5 ml hydrogen peroxide to a 50ml solution of methyl orange in a set of two beakers, stirred in the dark for half an hour to achieve the absorption - disorption equilibrium.
One beaker was kept under the UV light of biosafety cabinet since we do not have a photoreactor. But after 3 hours of irradiation, it did not degrade the dye.
The other beaker containing nanoparticles and methyl orange solution was irradiated using tungsten bulb with a distance of 5 cm on a constant stirrer for 3 hours.
But after 3 hours of exposure to light there was no sign of degradation.
We also tried balancing the pH by adding HCL dropwise to make make the solution Acidic so that methyl orange has a negative charge and titanium nanoparticles would carry a positive charge.
The experiment does not yield result in either of the above mentioned light sources. What are the factors that need to be changed or are missing for dye degradation to occur.
I fabricated Ti3C2Tx using concentrated HF 40%, I plot an XRD as attached image below.. please let to know if I obtained it or not.

why delta glaze is applying to titanium ingot before starting an forging operation
I want to know more about exploration of Ti deposits.
Hi y'all,
I was trying to meausre the pressure drop under a constant flow rate. For the porous media like titanium fiber felt and sintered titanium, when I use deionized water OR alcohol,the pressure drop kept increasing over time under a constant flow rate. This phenomenon only happened when I used liquid, for nitrogen, the pressre drop could keep constant.
I tried 3 houres of deionized water, the pressure drop increased from 1 kPa to 4 kPa and increasing, when I took it out and dried it, the initial pressre drop could go back to 1 kPa, also increasing, but with a smaller increase rate.
Does anyone know why? Looking for your answer.
The target type is titanium; the height is 900 mm, the width is 70 mm, the race track height is 750 mm and the width is 50 mm.
Would it be possible to hydrogenate titanium dioxide to titanium metal with a platinum catalyst in ammonia, ethylamine or ethylenediamine?
I tried to synthesise different morphologies by adjusting the ratio of DMF to methanol. When the DMF and ethanol ratios were 9:1 and 7:3, the XRD images of the samples showed a diffraction peak not belonging to MIL-125 at around 8°. When the DMF and ethanol ratios were 5:5, The XRD of the sample is completely different from MIL-125. I can't determine the composition of the sample.
Why is this happening?
What is the composition of a 5:5 sample?
I'd appreciate it if someone could respond.

I am trying to do a reduction reaction of 4-Hydroxybenzophenone using TiCl4/Zn. Can anyone suggest me which form of TiCl4 (for example Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M soln. in dichloromethane, Titanium(IV) chloride, 99.99% (metals basis), Titanium(IV) chloride, 99.9%) is ideal for this reaction in laboratory scale.
Thank you
Does anyone have or let me know where to find the ICCD or JCPDS file of pure titnaium metal (01-1197 )
Many thanks in advnace
Hi Team,
We are evaporating Ti/Au 20nm/300nm film. The film is fine, post-evaporation. However, after annealing it in the furnace at 350c with N2, the film has black dots all over it. Please see pic attached.
What is the reason and how to fix it, any help will highly be appreciated. Thanks

I am trying to synthesize MXenes (Ti3C2Tx), using the MILD etching method (in-situ formation of HF by reaction of LiF + HCl). I am taking equal amounts of LiF powder (Sigma Aldrich, >99.99% trace metals basis) and Ti3C2Tx powder with 10ml of 9M HCl. LiF and HCl are stirred for around 30 minutes, followed by a slow addition of MAX precursor. The etching is done at 35 deg Celsius at 300 rpm for 24 hrs. The product is then centrifuged 10 times (10 minutes each). The supernatant after the last centrifugation is collected, and its SEM micrographs (also EDS mapping) show very high traces of fluoride particles (~1 um) and a much lesser trace of Titanium. Why did fluoride particles remain undissolved or not removed in the decant of the first few centrifuges? Also, is it possible that Titanium is also getting etched out?
Note: 1) Traces of Aluminium are also present, even more than Titanium.
2) The mixture of LiF and HCl remained fuzzy even after 30 minutes of stirring at 300 rpm.
3) All these are done in ambient environment
As we are using alkali activated slag for injection, we need it with flowability for about 10 minutes. Usually these materials are known to set quickly. I am asking if there is any type of retarder working on AAS ?
Dear ResearchGate ,
I hope this message finds you well. I am currently engaged in research that requires fine mesh size of Titanium powder, and I am seeking guidance regarding its procurement.
Could anyone kindly suggest reputable sources or suppliers from whom I could acquire fine mesh size powder? My specific requirements pertain to titanium fine powder ( mesh size - 325) .
Any insights, recommendations, or past experiences in obtaining similar materials would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Best regards,
Mr. Ajit payer
IIT Patna
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department
If 2% sulphur is to be doped using thiourea as a precursor in TiO2 (using titanium butoxide as a precursor), What is the formula to calculate the amount of S dopant precursor and the amount of titanium butoxide needed in grams?
Is there any particular formula to calculate it from mol% and weight%?
using solution based method
I've never seen these kind of peaks before,what reason can cause it,I'm really confused.

Hi everyone
im trying to evaporate gold with electron beam evaporation. but haven't shown any adhesion.
i have used microscope slides as well as Titanium as a adhesion layer but there haven't seen any adhesion between titanium and gold.
can any body help me?
Hi anyone, I am starting using Ti foil for zinc-ion battery current collector, but i want to know how to clean the Ti Foil. Thank you
Dear all, I am student from Malaysia. I just want to try to use DAMAKS for my research. Does anybody have example of yaml file for titanium and ss316. For titanium, I would like to have taylor homogenization (alpha and beta). Can someone help ?
Regards
Zulhilmi Izhar
I am looking to deposit a single-layer titanium nitride layer with a sheet resistance of approximately 60 ohms and a layer of TiNx (x value should be in the range of 0.8 to 1.2).
The developed layer will have potential applications in buildings and facades. Could anyone suggest in which way the layer development is needed to process the deposition using the DC magnetron sputter coating system?
Currently i am calculating the DFT+U for monolayer titanium disulfide. The problem is, due to the lack source of computer and core, the calculation takes many days to complete just one calculation for the 3x3 monolayer.. the question that i want to ask is , if i calculate the hubbard parameter for the single atom of titanium disulfide.. can i used that hubbard parameter to my 3x3 monolayer titanium calculation??
Is it possible to remove the titanium-based coating using any solvents/ acids or other chemicals from the steel without affecting the surface of the steel?
I am starting with 220 emery paper to smooth the surface followed by 340, 400, 600, 800, 1200 with 200 rpm and 1500 and 2000 emery paper with 125 rpm followed by 3 micron but i am getting deep scratches on my sample.
If someone can suggest additional input how i can get scratch free sample for microscopy.
I was conducting EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) of a forged beta titanium alloy (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al).
The alloy cylinder was heat treated (solutionized + aged) after forging in beta phase field. However after conducting EBSD (along and perpendicular to direction of forging) the phase fractions turned out to be different. It is similar to what was found in this paper (on Page 4) ( ).
Can someone pls explain why we are getting this difference?
I am getting 60 percent beta 40 percent alpha along Longitudinal direction but 85 percent alpha and 15 percent beta along transverse direction.
Hello,
I´ve been trying to synthesize TiO2 nano-particles via sol-gel by the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide without success. Every time I end up with a white suspension that tends to sediment. I´ve tried both acid and basic pH, as well as both heating and cooling.
My synthesis consists in dissolving TTIP in isopropanol and then dropwise adding a solution of isopropanol under either stirring or ultrasound.
Any tips would be appreciated.

I am specifically referring to a product sold by sigma where they do not specify this information. The 10-15% was determined via Na2S2O3 titration, which makes me suspect that it is in w/w, but that is kind of useless given that I dont know the density of the solution. I would hope it is in w/v, meaning grams per liter. Anyone have any insight on this?
I called sigma and they didnt know
Product number: 14010 (Titanium(III)Chloride)

I want to prepare a solution of TiCl4 in Millipore water for the Titanium nanoparticle synthesis.
I am not the author of Functional Titanium Substrates Synergetic Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Antibacterial and Osteogenic Performance via Immunity Regulation. Who can help me to delete this technically? Thank you!
Hello everyone,
I have been trying to synthesize Ti3AlC2 MAX phase from elemental powders namely, titanium (99.9%), aluminum (99.9%) and graphite (99.9%) in an inert box chamber furnace. However, literature commonly reports the use of high temperature Quartz tube furnaces.
The common SOP for such an inert box furnace is to vacuum it and purge it with high purity argon gas. We repeat this process up to three times to ensure an inert environment۔
Currently, we have operated in temperature ranges starting from 1250 to 1450. Most samples are prepared at 1400 and 1450 C. The holding time for the samples is 2, 3 and 5 hours. The heating rates have been 5 C/min and 8 C/min for different samples.
Currently, I've been unable to obtain 002 and 104 peaks characteristic of Ti3AlC2. Can the experts in this field comment if using an Inert box chamber furnace for the synthesis of Ti3AlC2 the main problem in this regard?
Any insight or literature recommendation will be greatly appreciated.
Hello!
I performed LA-ICP-MS experiment using NIST 610. I also measured the concentration of different elements on NIST 612 for quality monitoring and control puroposes. I noticed that for all elements of interest, their calculated concentrations in the NIST 612 sample was very close to the accepted standard value, with the exception of Titanium which was way higher than the accepted one. What could be the reason of this?
Thanks
There is a satellite peak in Cu2+ but it is absent in titanium. What factors are responsible for the appearance of satellite peaks? Please elaborate.
Hi,
I recently did the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb. When it comes to potentiodynamic tests - they're getting stuck because of the curve is below 0 current density and the polarization resistance is about 1,5 MOhm. The curve is reversed compared to that for normal tests. When I took my multimeter - it show that the coating don't conduct the electricity into the metal. Does it means that the corrosion cannot take place on that coating?
Best regards
I am trying to electrospray nanoparticles onto Titanium fiber felt. However the nanoparticles are not sticking onto the surface of the felt when using PTFE polymer as a binder with a weight % of 60% binder of total deposited solids.
The steps that I follow after electrospraying are drying in an oven at 105 C. Then sintering under Nitrogen at 350 C for 1 h.
Any thoughts on where I could be going wrong?
Hi, What is the crystal structure of a Titanium-Tungsten film? Titanium by itself is hexagonal close-packed (HCP) while Tungsten is body-centered cubic (BCC).
my other question, why is TiW is a better barrier while Ti is not? does this have to do with the packing/density of the atoms?
Thanks,
Among diamond, tungsten and titanium which one yields the maximum bullet proof capacity? Interpretation with material physics please.
I am currently working on FE simulation of cold spray with TiN coated using Johnson-Cook material . However, I've been unable to find the JC values. Can anyone provide these values?
we coated titanium gold by sputtering method, recently the surface is very bad, maybe it's because the surface is not clean? soiled?


Ti6Al4V has 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium and 90% titanium. It can withstand upto 1700 degree centigrade.
What is the best and fastest way to know mechanical properties if a material has 7% aluminum, 5% vanadium and 88% titanium?
Thank you
Because of the HF content of Kroll's reagent which is very dangerous to handle, I would like to know if there is/are other etchants for titanium aluminium alloys. Thanks.
I tried to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles by combining a solution of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP 1 mM, dissolved in isopropyl alcohol) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG 1 mM, in water), but, even though UV-Vis spectrum indicated the NPs were formed, I couldn't obtain a precipitate. Probably the nanoparticles are still soluble in isopropanol? Does anyone have any idea what is going on in the reaction between TTIP and EGCG and how can I purify the nanoparticles?
I just want to know if like titanium isopropoxide, titanium (IV) sulfate also needs to be handled in a glovebox? Thanks!
Greetings everyone,
I work in a facility where we need to cut thin sheets (3–4 mm = 0.12–0.16 in) of Ti6Al4V Eli using wire EDM. The parts we’re cutting are neither simple nor complicated (imagine cutting a spoon shape—without the concavity—out of a thin metal sheet); those parts are then heated and bent to the final shape (which, again, is usually not very complicated, practically similar to the bends found in an ordinary spoon). The issue is that we have an excessive amount of waste titanium sheets after cutting, and we were wondering how we could reduce waste while also making the entire process more efficient in terms of raw stock. One of my coworkers suggested that we use thicker (12mm = 0.5in) plates and then orient the parts sideways so the wire EDM machine can cut the bends while still inside the machine in-situ. He argues that by optimizing the layout of the sideways-oriented parts on the plates, we can fit more parts into each plate and thus reduce the waste material. I’ve attached some illustrative drawings to illustrate what I mean more clearly.
I personally think that, although we might be able to get some waste material back, the whole process may not be worth the effort. First of all, the mechanical integrity of the part must not be compromised in any way, and I don’t think that the mechanical properties of the parts that were cut normally and the mechanical properties of the parts that were cut sideways are going to be the same. In fact, I believe that cutting the parts sideways might make the final product worse and less durable since metal plates are not isotropic, and we, at the very least, might need a new heat treating step to recover or maintain the mechanical integrity of the final product. This, of course, defeats the whole purpose of this initiation.
I am fully aware that I’m not professional nor do I have experience in these topics; I'm a newly graduated BME engineer, and I might have gotten all of this wrong. In either case, I kindly ask someone with sufficient and relevant experience to help me, or at least to guide me on how to search for such topics. I need to professionally and/or scientifically prove that this idea may or may not work. I’ve been searching the internet for a couple of days now, and the amount of information is intimidating. I’m going from one rabbit hole to another and keep getting lost in the details, which is why I believe I need someone more experienced to show me where to look or how to start.
Thanks to everyone in advance. Your help is much appreciated.
what structural property/properties of Titanium makes it one of the suitable suitable for adsorption?
What should be the acceleration voltage used for EDS analysis of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating (6 μ) on titanium?
I didn't use Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (CAS: 546-68-9) for a long time, and now that I came to it I see that it is divided into an aggregation part sedimented and a fluid part over it. Why is it so and how to mix them together again?

Hello everyone. please help me
I want to know why titanium nitride(TiN) has better electrical conductivity than titanium oxide(TiO2).
Thesedays, i did some experiments about PEMFC bipolar plate.
I installed TiN coating to titanium substrate. And, interfacial contact resistance was improved.
But. I dont know why transition metal nitride (CrN, TiN etc) has good electrical conductivity.
steel shows fatigue limit due to dislocations being trapped by cottrel atmosphrere of carbon, and a minimum level of stress needed to keep the dislocations continously moving. WHich is the element responsible for same behavior in Titanium? Does pure Ti (and Pure Fe) devoid of solute elements also show fatigue limit? if yes, why?
Most papers were using Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor for preparation of Titanium photo catalyst. Is there any difference using Titanium butoxide in place of (TTIP)?
Does Etching using a concentrated hydrochloric acid provide superior surface modification effects in titanium?
I am using PVD machine for gold plating on ceramic products. there are 20 sources of titanium, reactive gas N2 and Ar,
I am having trouble when vacuuming 2.0x10-2Pa , adding Ar and N2 gas and bombarding the titanium source, the vacuum is lost and cannot be coated (7.0x10-1 ~ 9.0x10-1) the more sources titanium open, the more vacuum is lost



Normally, I make TiO2 sol with titanium isopropoxide, ethanol, distilled water and hydrochloric acid. But I don't know which chemicals how need use to for hydrophobic sol.
NOTE: I working on glass coating that's why solution must transparent.
The sintering of 18Ni300 will encounter the enrichment of titanium and aluminum elements on the grain boundaries. Is there any possible reason? How to avoid its occurrence to achieve densification?
Hello dear Researchers,
I've been working on to produce Mo-Ti alloys via powder metallurgy method. Yet, I've come across a problem: I can not properly distribute Titanium in Molybdenum host. I'm using mechanical alloying technique with planetary type of mill. So far, I've tryed 1 to 8 hours milling time. What can you recommend to distribution of Ti .. modification of milling would be enough? (time, ball to powder ratio, rpm etc.) or should I look for different situations? Also I need to increase the Strength and I'm thinking forging(hot or cold) process for that.. Any idea on incresing the strength would be appreciated..
Thank you
According to the great difference between titanium propreties and Aluminum ones, especially the melting temperature. We have to make an other alloy between Aluminum and Titanum to weld them using RFW technique, for example, we have thaught about the copper. Do you agree ?
We are trying to coat HAp (hydroxyapatite) on the titanium plate by electrophoretic method, but the formation of the coating cannot be observed. Although we increased the voltage and time settings, there is no coating on the plate. I would be very grateful if you could help with this situation?
Hello,
During the analysis of twin transfer or slip transfer of alloys, the criteria of displacement gradient accommodation (DGA) and stress-driven accommodation (SDA) were used.
I tried to figure out the correlation among them with the grain orientations, boundary conditions, slip/twin systems, and external loading. But I still did not get the fundamental cores.
I hope it can be written like m prime or Schmid factor with a clear explanation.
Hope someone good in this field can provide constructive guidance!
Best wishes,
Biaobiao
Why is titanium precursor dripped drop by drop on TiO2 synthesized by the sol gel method? and why not use HMTA?
I am currently working on differently coated titanium disks in order to investigate any antimicrobial/bacteriostatic effect. Taking a cue from the literature, I'm incubating the disks with a known concentration of bacteria for 8 and 24 hours (in order to allow biofilm formation), then I gently wash and sonicate them. This procedure allows detaching adherent bacteria that formed a biofilm on the surfaces, and the medium in which the disks have been sonicated is used to count CFU on agar plates.
Overall this procedure seems to work, but now I have an issue: the coating I'm testing now detaches from the titanium, even with a weak vortex. The coating is not soluble and thus does not spread in agar, so I can't apply a modified Muller-Hinton test and I don't have the possibility to read absorbance after colorimetric assay, nor special microscopes.
What is the type of acid, temperature, voltage or amperage of the electropolishing jet and how are the settings made?
We put titanium dissopropoxide bis (acetylacetonate) in a freezing section for 1 day. Now the chemical is crystallized and segregated with the solvent. It won't go to a mixed state by itself. What do we do to recover the chemical?
I want to synthesise Titanium carbide Mxene for modification of Electrode and Titanium carbide Mxene is prepared by etching of Ti3AlC2. So I want to buy the powder of Ti3AlC2.
But there are too many types of Ti3AlC2 powder available so I am confused about which product is better for making Mxene.
Can you give suggestions on that?
I discovered two distinct phenomena when cracks begin to form at α and β phases in titanium alloys. How does this difference mechanism come about?
is there any feasible method to convert titanium metal to soluble precursor ?
Suggestions for small scale Plasma treatment instruments
I want to know the lifetime of a titanium sol (TIO2).
I have done Vicker's hardness analysis with titanium and thin-film coated titanium and I'm trying to show the hardness of the coated titanium. I plotted the graph of hardness versus load from 0.1 to 30Kgf, however, for the titanium - the graph was declined as the load increased, and for the coated titanium - the graph went up as the load increased.
I'm not understanding how to conclude from the graph?
Thank you in advance.
I Need Wire EDM Facility availability in India to perform Machining Titanium Based Alloys By Varying Machining Parameters as part of the project.
I want to work on a hydroxyapatite coating on grade 5 titanium, but I do not know which is better between the three sol-gel, electrophoretic methods with chemical vapor deposition and plasma spray???!!!
Glad to share your suggestion on this topic.
I'm using silicone resin for paint formulation (zirconia as a filler material) and It doesn't cure at atmosphere and elevated temperature also. And I tried titanium 4 isopropoxide, it dried but film becomes flakes while exposed to 250 degree Celsius in muffle furnace. Resin was bought from dow chemicals, the technical data sheet attached below for your reference
To prepareTiO2 thin film following this method using Titanium isopropoxide ,Ethanol and Monoethanolamine...I have used 0.5 M and 5 ml of TTIP and total 10 ml amount of ethanol(2.5 ml) and monoethanolamine (7.5 ml) but after 15-20 minutes stirring at 80C i got very viscous gel.
After that M not able to make thin film...Is this doping concentration And quantity is correct..or let me know another idea..
Hi
I working on Titanium sol gel. I dried glass at 100 Celcius for an hour and calsination at 500 Celcius for an hour. After this process, the glass is waiting in furnace all day for cooling. When I was looking my sample, I see cracks on surface. Glass is 24x24x0,14 mm.
Ceramic cookware are all the latest craze in regards to safe cookware. However, they tend to lose their non stick properties within a year or so. From what I can understand, the nonstick property is derived from a surface layer glaze on the ceramic that smooths and fills micropores in the base layer metal or ceramic, and excessive heating and heating cycles cause the glaze to change. Is the general root cause of failure the failure of the glaze to adhere and remain rigid, failure of a primer, or just surface scratches?
Ceramic is also a poor conductor of heat, so has there been research on dispersing metal particles within the glaze or ceramic?
Also, has anyone heard of research on nano-textured non stick coatings?
The Alpha Titanium is known to be non heat treatable but it is strengthened by Ti3Al precipitate for increased aluminum content. Doesn't this constitute a contradiction?
Good day, dear colleagues.
I have an interesing question for PVD technology specialists.
We use an equipment (Picture 1) for Arc-PVD technology with titanium cathode (picture 3) for glass surface coating (Picture 4).
But we faced with problem of nonequal coating thickness on the surface. In the central part of surface (under cathode placed) the thicknes is OK. On the corner parts the coating thickness is low (Picture 2).
What is the reason of this not uniform thickness?
Is it possible to create aproximately similar coating thickness on the all surface zones? Do You know any technical methods to rich this goal?




I'm working on superhydropobic coating with titanium sol-gel. I use titanium isopropoxide, ethanol, distilled water and HCI. After dip coating, I put glass to in desiccator and dried 50 C for 1 hour. After drying, there were flake-like structures on the surface of the glass and not transparent. How can I fix this problem?
The heat transfer coefficient is a important parameter during the simulation of dissimilar metal welding. But it is technically difficult to determine, especially in laser welding, due to the extremely fast heating and cooling rates of molten pool. During the laser welding brazing of aluminum and titanium, the molten aluminum was spread on the unmelted titanium and heat transfer happened between them. From the existing literature, I have gotten the heat transfer cofficient during casting was about 1000~3000W/m2/K. But there is none literature about the heat transfer cofficient between molten aluminum and unmelted titanium during laser welding-brazing. If you have some favorable suggestions, please share them with me. Thank you very much!
Hi
can anybody please tell me what is the value (-0.157) next titanium concentration in my soil sample means?
I need to deposit the anatase TiO2 layer on ITO and FTO glasses, considering the experimental parameters, I found the optimum heat treatment temperature for 450 C. However, the substrate can not bear higher than 200 C. Is it possible to decrease crystallization temperature by playing with experimental parameters? which parameter is more effective in decreasing crystallization temperature?
PS. I used Titanium butoxide as a precursor and propanol as a solvent.
I have synthesized Titanium carbide (Ti3C2) from Ti3SiC2 tiranium silicon carbide using wet chemical etching method.but for xrd analysis I am using xpert software and Jade.but in these two software I can not get the elemental composition of my sample.Xpert sofware is showing " No candidates found" I don't understand what is the problem.If its related to PDF cards then please send me the pdf cards of Titanium silicon carbide and titanium carbide?
here is my email id ; noorabbasi94@yahoo.com
For c-TiO2 layer onto FTO, I need to make 30 mM titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (TDBA) solution for spray-pyrolysis.
As far as I know, TDBA is usually sold as a solution in IPA (75wt%).
How could I make 30 mM titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (TDBA) solution using TDBA in IPA (75wt%) solution?
The through hole is done using a 8mm electrode and surface roughness has to be calculated on the side walls of the titanium grade 5 workpiece of size (25*25*5) mm.
I want to validate these results which are showing in pictures. I am using SRIM software. I do not know about the hydrogen ratio in this combination. I read many research articles but do not find right solution. I mention below the paper link..
I am doing CFM with K3Fe(CN)6/PBS on the cathode side and whey with K. pneumoniae on the anode side. The problem is that the volume of the cathode is decreasing and the volume of the anode is increasing. It is a closed double chamber with graphene electrodes, titanium wire and Nafion membrane. Voltage will be generated, but the amps show 0 on the multimeter.
And I don't know what's going on. I am doing the measurements in open circuit (directly connected to the multimeter without the electrodes being linked by an external load).
Could someone tell me what's going on or how do I fix this, please?
I need to synthesis a composite of LDH included titanium cation in (+2 and +3) as an oxidation state.
However, what are the materials that I need to synthesis?
Steps in preparation of Titanium reagent required for Catalase analysis?
I am currently working on some magnetic multilayer stacks. I am thinking if it could be possible to grow magnetic layers on top of a TiN seed layer. Usually I use TaPt as my seed layer.
I can do room temperature sputtering deposition and directly deposit TiN (non-reactive) on to thermally oxidized silicon wafer. Could someone give some insight into this?
Thanks!
I was looking into several articles where Propagating surface plasmon (PSP) and localized surface plasmon (LSP) are excited in Titanium metal gratings (square) at different wavelengths. For PSP, the well-known dispersion wavevector needs to be matched with the diffraction wavevector. However, for exciting LSP, I couldn't find any specific logical formula, rather than the simulated electric field profiles showing LSP coupling. I was trying to figure out whether it is possible to excite only LSP in metal gratings (square), but no PSP excitation. If so, what should be the mathematical condition for LSP?
Hello everyone,
Normally, metals have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than ceramics. I would like to know how the higher CTE of hydroxyapatite than titanium would be explained?
CTE (hydroxyapatite)≈ 14.6×10-6 °C-1
CTE (Ti64)≈ 8.6×10-6 °C-1
Thank you.
Hello.
I'm currently trying to fabricate a Titanium metal wire via e-beam lithography.
However, when I use bilayer ER (PMMA / MMA), the resistivity of deposited metal was significantly higher than use of monolayer ER (PMMA)
Someone had solved this problem?