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I appreciate if you can comment your thoughts to improve this article be be more handy checklist for researchers looking to plan a conference
Conference Planning Checklist
I have been in the conference planning business for over 25 years and I know how to plan and organize successful conferences. However, I never stop using my conference planning checklist for conference I organize.
Because;
- It’s the easiest way to create a common language with conference stakeholders and partners to work in close coordination,
- The simplest way to share tasks and responsibilities with conference stakeholders and partners,
- “I don't want to keep my head busy with the question of whether I'm missing a task.
- Allows me to focus on the "How can I do it better?" question instead of the "What should I do?" question,
- As I update my checklist with each conference I organize, it transforms my knowledge and experience into an easy-to-use roadmap,
Did you know that event planning and management software also works like a checklist and guides you step by step with a "must have" and "nice to have" approach? For example, regardless of the complexity of your conferences, by using MeetingHand Online Event Management Software, one of the widely used event management platforms in the market, you can plan and run every step of your events in a seamless way by benefiting from the experience of many events organized by it.
There are many different checklists to help you plan your conferences and events, taking into account criteria such as timeline, topic, or event type. But the most important thing here is to agree on a traceable workflow with your business partners.
Considering that each conference has unique planning and management concerns and needed to be handled with a broad perspective, I wanted to share with you my academic and scientific conference planning checklist, which is one of the most comprehensive types of events, so that you can create your custom checklist that might suit your needs best.
I'm sharing my checklist here as a general guideline, but you can always email me for more details explaining your specific requirements or mentioning your interests.
Build your conference identity
As success always lies in the details, start with analyzing and defining the essentials of your conference. At this point, my to-do list includes these steps:
- Clarify the aims and objectives of your conference,
- Form an organizing committee,
- Create a master plan with a timeline,
- Choose an online collaboration and communication platform,
- Build your conference management team,
- Choose a conference venue/destination and set the conference dates,
- Fulfill legal permits and procedures which are necessary to hold the conference,
- Set start dates and deadlines for registrations and abstract submissions.
- Prepare the necessary information packages and documents for your potential participants.
Make a financial forecast for your conference
Accurate financial forecasting will help you better focus on planning and executing the conference goals. For seamless financial forecasting, my checklist includes the followings:
- Get at least 3 quotations from third-party suppliers for services such as venue, food, & beverages, technical equipment, travel, accommodation, additional staff, insurance, etc.
- Define the registration types, and fees and decide if you wish to offer advantageous registration options, such as early bird discounts to increase attendance,
- Prepare written sponsorship proposals including sponsorship categories, benefits, and fees,
- Prepare a cashflow table for the conference expenditures,
- Define the free or paid services that will be provided to participants,
- Create a conference budget and keep it updated,
- Choose the payment processing methods; offline, online (gateway), etc.
- Deposit conference payments in your account and pay the suppliers,
- Keep your conference records, contracts, expenses, and revenue details,
- Always update your budget with actual expenditures and revenues.
Develop a conference program
Start finding an answer to the "Why should they attend this conference?" question as “it’s the key to convincing the target audience to attend your conference”. Then follow these steps:
- Set up the initial "Conference Program at a Glance"
- Decide on the conference theme, topics, and presentation types,
- Recruit your conference speakers,
- Plan the schedule of the social activities,
- Finalize and announce the detailed conference program,
- Create the Book of Abstracts / Conference Proceedings,
Promote your conference
In fact, the whole success story is about how to encourage your audience to attend your conference, the marketing tactics you will apply to re-engage your previous attendees, and ultimately how to make your conference stand out.
Follow these steps to stand your conference out;
- Build a conference brand identity,
- Plan the advertising and promotional activities of the conference,
- Prepare visual materials for the advertisement and promotion of your conference,
- Purchase a web page domain and create social media accounts,
- Create a stunning conference webpage including the biographies and images of your invited speakers, and/or with relevant details, links, and logos of your sponsors, etc.,
- Review lists of your past conferences to contact potential contributors, authors, partners, and sponsors,
- Plan the timing of the materials you intend to share at regular intervals, such as your announcements, posts, press releases, and reminders, and decide upon their contents,
- Publish your conference web page and share the link on your social media accounts,
- Personally lead your promotional activities for the conference,
- Publish the first announcement or the invitation for the conference,
- Send an invitation e-mail to your target audience as a "Call for Abstracts",
- Send registration or participation invitation e-mails to your target audience,
- Announce and promote your invited speakers and social activity programs of your conference on your website and in your social media accounts,
- Remind abstract submission deadline,
- Remind registration and payment deadlines,
- Periodically update/inform your audience about the important activities of the conference.
Setup your online conference management system
The success of a conference largely depends on how seamlessly you collect and manage the registrations, abstract submissions, and payments, and how harmoniously you can coordinate your team, reviewers, partners, etc.
In fact, how to run a conference is a serious issue that every event planner must decide at the very beginning of the planning process. For this reason, the organizers prefer to use conference management software where they can manage all processes and bring all parties together on a common ground.
To find out your software requirement and set up your conference in it follow these steps:
- Determine what participant information you need to collect during online registration,
- Determine the format in which you will collect the abstracts and which information about the authors you need,
- Determine the evaluation method of abstracts and how to schedule presentations in the conference program,
- Consider the additional services you’ll offer during your conference; contents, fees, and terms,
- Define solutions and features’ requirements of conference management software that enables you easily manage the whole process of registration, submission, scientific program and more
- Research the market and select an online conference planning and management tool,
- Set up your registration, payment, and booking forms
- Set up your abstract submission form,
- Set up your abstract evaluation system by defining your abstract evaluation criteria, and adding reviewers
- Set up and customize your management process,
- Build a communication and follow-up plan with your participants, authors, and partners,
- Publish online conference registration and abstract submission forms,
- Track and manage collected registrations and abstracts,
- Assign abstract submissions to reviewers and follow the evaluation process,
- Notify the authors of the abstract evaluation results and remind them about the payment deadline,
- Confirm the conference attendance status of your participants and place the accepted abstracts in the conference program and their presenter details.
Arrange and coordinate your suppliers
Who is the right supplier?
- The supplier who gives you the best possible advice and focuses on your conference goals,
- The supplier who you can trust that he would provide you the solution that will not keep you busy and complete the work on time.
Select your business partners and suppliers by following these steps:
- Choose a venue that fits your conference requirements such as number of meeting rooms, capacities, breakout areas, and check their policy about providing technical equipment, food and beverage,
- Plan the food and beverages to be served and,
- Identify your visual and technical equipment needs in detail,
- Determine the necessary services for the social activities within the scope of your conference,
- Identify your travel and housing needs,
- Determine the services to be provided to the invited speakers including the fees and conditions,
- Make agreements with a the supplier you have selected including all the possible details such as payments, penalties, amount updates, insurances, etc.
- Determine and purchase the participation kit items you will distribute to your participants,
- Determine the decoration and visual material needs of the conference venue, have your designer make the designs, and coordinate when and how the installation will be done,
- Review logistics services and determine the exact amount to be served,
- Prepare guidelines for onsite registration and identify and supply the tools to be used at the registration desk,
- Check the workflow, job descriptions and instructions with your team one more time, and rehearse the event flow with your team onsite,
- Prepare speech notes such as welcome, introduction of the speakers, thanks and closing speech,
- Set up onsite registration desk and measure the registration time of an average participant,
- Plan the presentations of the speakers, test the entire systems including computers, speakers, projectors, and connections, rehearse the presentations to be projected on the screen and set up a presentation management desk,
- Build an operational team of staff, vendors, students and volunteers.
Manage the conference onsite
The conference start date is the most exciting time for every event planner when months of preparations and plans will be implemented and rewarded.
For the success of your conference, you must reinforce your well-planned workflow and instructions with effective communication. A seamless communication will enable your team to work together as a single body,
To make things work as planned, do the followings:
- Inform all stakeholders and your team members about the duties and timelines,
- Assign tasks and give instructions,
- Rehearse and see how it works,
- Check logistics, decorations, visuals, equipment, exhibitors, etc.
- Open the gates, give badges, accept new registrations, and collect the presentations,
- Start the conference with a Welcome Speech
- Share conference images and news on social media channels,
- Compile and report details of the daily activities, including registrations, payments, documents, etc.
- Periodically check the process and do daily evaluation sprints,
- Check the services offered by the suppliers every day and agree on the figures,
- Share the final figures and highlights of the conference, on the closing session, social media, and the conference web page.
Conclude the conference
Completing and concluding a conference is not just about closing the budget and packing the technical and visual materials in the conference venue. It's also about doing public relations and keeping in touch with your attendees and partners for next year's conference.
You can do even better by using my checklist:
- Gather all data, documents, feedbacks, and suggestions from the team, committees, venue, and suppliers,
- Follow up with everyone attending the conference,
- Send thank you messages and collect feedbacks,
- Analyze the data and feedback of the conference,
- Prepare a conference report covering attendance and presentation numbers, conference goals, budget applications, satisfaction level, recommendations, etc.,
- Organize an after-action-review meeting with the organizing committee,
- Archive conference data, important documents, and reports.
I wish you and your team successful conference planning!
And I’ll be more than happy to get your comments
Does the timing of tooth
loss have any influence on
indication for implants?
Could You Provide a Timing of Primary Teeth Development?
Role of Education in Shaping Marital Timings
My topic for research is: “Impact of Push Notifications on Consumer Purchasing Behavior: An Empirical Analysis within the Zomato Ecosystem”
My Research Objectives are:
1. To measure the level of engagement with push notifications within the Zomato app.
2. To identify the type of notifications that the consumer receives.
3. To understand consumer preferences regarding the type, timing, and content of push notifications from Zomato.
The Research Questions based on the objective are:
Based on the 1st Objective:
RQ1.1: What is the level of engagement with push notifications within the Zomato app among users?
Based on the 3rd Objective:
RQ3.1: What are the preferences of Zomato users regarding the types of push notifications they receive?
RQ3.2: How do users perceive the timing of push notifications from Zomato (e.g., frequency, timing during the day)?
RQ3.3: What are users' preferences regarding the content of push notifications (e.g., promotions, discounts, restaurant updates)?
Research Methodology:
- Quantitative Method
- Survey/ Questionnaire
- Restricted to Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar
- Method of Analysis: SPSS software
- Sample (Simple Random Sampling)
To indicate whether the laws of war require this or not, and whether warring parties must provide “effective advance warning” of attacks that might affect the civilian population. What constitutes an “effective warning” depends on the circumstances. This assessment would take into account the timing of the warning and the ability of civilians to leave the area.
The general characteristics of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR): The photons returning are usually fewer because the transmitting laser and retroreflectors both have a divergence. This means that the laser beam spreads out as it travels, which can affect the accuracy of the measurement. How can this divergence be minimized?
Hi- I would like to transiently deplete CD8 T-cells in vivo to allows allografts to establish, but am testing T-cell activation as a therapeutic modality, so need them to come back with appropriate timing. Does anyone have experience with re-population kinetics of T-cells after in vivo administration of mouse anti-CD8 mAb clone 53-6.7?
Hello,
I am planning an EEG study and I would like to use hierarchical Bayesian models for single trial analysis. Before planning the experimental paradigms, I would like to know if there are any constraints relative to the timing and duration of events or other.
Many thanks,
Stefania
Once TMB is added the color starts to become blue, but what is the best time to add stop solution? Any method to monitor it or determine it? Why?
Thank you !
Hello
I have a rat model which requires daily s/c injections during pregnancy (Day 1 to Day 18). However, I am struggling to get the rats pregnant despite timing mating during estrus. Even for the control group which receives a daily s/c injection of normal saline, i have had no successful pregnancies.
I wonder whether it is the stress caused to the animal of daily injections and wondered whether others had a similar experience.
Thank you!
- In Iraq, Turkey's construction of dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers has been a significant concern. The dams, including the Ataturk Dam, reduce the flow of water downstream, which can have a significant impact on the Mesopotamian Marshes, agriculture, and the environment in Iraq. Additionally, the construction of dams in Turkey can lead to changes in the timing and volume of water flows, which can further exacerbate the water crisis in downstream areas.
- Climate change is another significant factor contributing to the water crisis in Iraq. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns are leading to increased evaporation rates and reduced precipitation, which further reduce the availability of water resources. The impact of climate change on the water crisis is particularly severe during the summer season when temperatures are at their highest.
- The effects of the water crisis on the marshes, agriculture, and the environment in Iraq are significant. The Mesopotamian Marshes, which were drained and damaged in past, have been slowly restored over the years, but the water crisis is making it difficult to maintain the water levels needed to sustain the wetlands. Agriculture is heavily impacted, with reduced crop yields, increased food insecurity, and loss of income for farmers. The water crisis has also had severe environmental impacts, including soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and increased desertification.
I'm wondering if, besides TMS-EEG, exist some others techniques or methods that allow to estimate this timing.
Hello dear RG community.
I have a Dantec PIV setup consisting of, in particular, an iNanoSense camera and a SoloPIV 120 NewWave Research laser.
I'm getting the first image less bright and nonuniformly lit as oppose to the second image in a PIV pair of images.
First thing I did is I tried to determine whether it is the laser's or the camera's fault. I swapped the laser heads and, still, got the first image less bright and nonuniformly lit.
Hence, I made a conclusion that it is the camera's fault.
The only fix I could think of was to play with the timing diagram to try and make the camera getting the first image right. I didn't manage to come up with such a timing diagram.
Now, I'm out of ideas.
I'm wondering if anybody had the same issue, came up with a working fix and could share it with me, please.
Attached, is my timing diagram.
Thank you in advance.
Ivan
P.S. I did talk to Dantec's support to no avail. Dantec did help me a lot overall, but we couldn't solve this particular issue.
P.P.S. I don't want to play with the attenuators to try and get the first laser head more powerful to compensate for the camera's error (if that's possible at all ...).
Dear Colleagues,
I have been formally teaching since 2009 at the university level. Also, I have been pursuing my Ph.D. at the University of Malaya since 2018, now waiting for the final viva.
I am very passionate about teaching and always enjoy sharing my understanding with future generations. Also, my heart is whispering for the Post-Doc.
I am requesting your kind suggestions or directions, especially, regarding what should be my future plan. What is the best time to start my Post-Doc?
Regards
Azizur
Hello:
We want to develop a digital microfluidic platform with LAMP, but in this project planning I'm concerned with timing. Can someone who has worked with this platform help me with the time it takes to develop it and the description of the steps to get it?
We are very interested in getting into this topic but we have little experience, any support to raise the project correctly will be well received. Thank you very much to all of you.
Dear all
I just started analyzing the data collected form a survey distributed globally for vascular problems following transplantation.
The survey simply consists of 7 domains, as follows:
- experience: transplantation programme (date), use of specific technique (yes/no)
- team: how many internists/interventionists (number)
- care: 3 yes/no questions
- screening: which diagnostic modality? timing carried out (3 months 6 months 1 year etc..)
- assessment: cutoff values (diameter, velocities, pressure gradient etc..)
- anticoagulation: how many anticoagulations? sort anticoagulations, duration (lifelong or temporally), range INR and anti-Xa
- imaging follow up after treatment type (endovascular vs. surgery: which diagnostic modality? timing carried out (3 months 6 months 1 year etc..)
I'd like to know what is the best analysis that can be done for this type of data? My thoughts are qualitatively and quantitively analysis using descriptive statistics (quantitative variables were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR), and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies). Do I need i.e. 2-tailed Fischer or do I miss something else?
Many thanks,
Bader.
Is it possible to make timing of the constitutive promoter work; means induced it in definite time and suppressed it at another time. In order to measure the effect of the inducers and suppressor in different times for example, to study the effect of light and dark on its efficacy.
I have been searching for a platform to run a timed forced grammar judgment test. I have found many that allowed timing for the entire test, however, I have yet to find one that allows timing for the individual questions.
Hello,
I have several sensors which are interfaced with the help of ROS and are synchronized with the ROS time(ROS1). The sensors and their nodes are fully functional. Each sensor does some processing ,after it senses a detection in it's environment, before eventually timestamping this data in ROS. Since the sensors are of different kinds, and have their own processing before eventually timestamping it's data in ROS, there is an expected delay between the detection and the timestamping and also a delay is expected between the different sensors.
I am interested in the delay that takes place between the sensor detecting an event and eventually timestamping this data in ROS. The image shows the different processing for each sensor that takes place before timestamping.
When searching for this specific problem not much could be found, so any advice would be appreciated.

Hi all,
I am planning to start some experiments in the IntelliCage system using DREADD injected mice. When testing DREADD injected mice, the CNO i.p. injection is required (please note, my other experiments are done using i.p. injection, I would keep this condition consistent). And the DREADD effect may last for up to 6 hours. Question 1, What is the best timing for injecting the CNO? I am afraid some of the mice may start the tasks when the DREADD effect is gone. Question 2, How to avoid the repeated injection of CNO-caused pathological changes, rather than only the cell manipulation?
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated
W
Dear All,
I'm working on the model to optimize the traffic light timing. I'm using the simulator SUMO for the development. To update cycle time and offset, my understanding so far is that,
- Set the cycle time and offset for each intersection in .net.xml file
- Then during runtime, keep updating this value based on the optimized value.
Is this the only way? Or can it be controlled without updating .net.xml file?
Any other options how to update cycle time and offset through python scripts?
Thanks in advance
Viji
Hello all ,
I am trying to prepare a peptide that is free of pre-aggregates. So, I have diluted a powder from a peptide in HFIP and in the process of evaporating the samples. Each sample contains 250 ul of HFIP. However the result of the standing evaporation in a fume hood leads to disappearance of the peptide with very light traces of remnant on the walls of the Eppendorf tube.
So I moved to lyophilizing the samples directly without standing evaporation (HFIP liquid form without freezing), and the sample looks like a fluffy cloud in 5 minutes , a fluffy film in 20 minutes , almost disappears in an 1 hour, completely gone in 2 hours without any remnants.
Lyophilizing the HFIP in frozen resulted in a more intact powder-like form in same timings.
My question is: When is the best time to stop lyophilization guaranteeing the best form of free pre-aggregate sample? In other words what is the best shape for the sample to look like?
Meniscus repair is a commonly performed surgery. Is there a timing after which role of repair is equivocal to partial meniscectomy?
Developing a new molecular entity (drug) is very expensive, cumbersome and risky with little expectation of success. Therefore a more safer and less expensive alternative with high possibility of success is needed to mitigate the problem of drug resistance, tolerance and most importantly to manage emerging diseases like COVID-19
Please read the complete question before answering!
I am having annual data for banks which is based on calendar year and annual data for Macro variables which is based on Fiscal year... How can I manage this disparity based on reported timings for my models.
Please note, I can not opt for quarterly or any other data frequency by design! Please be objective and provide relevant references only if any
Thanks
I mean the approximate timing for those surface?Is there another way to generate the hirshfield surface
I couldn't find sufficient papers/articles/reports for review, and i am looking for help from the community.
It's 99 days since the first case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, and we are welcoming the 5th days of 0 new cases of COVID-19 following a week of <10 cases per day.
How should we define the end of a local endemic?
How long should the latent period be defined?
When is it safe to resume social activities?
Should territory wide screening of asymptomatic people be done before declaring the end of endemic?
Besides positioning solutions, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers can provide a reference clock signal known as Pulse-per-Second (PPS or 1-PPS). A TTL electrical signal that is used in several applications for synchronization purposes.
- Is the PPS physically generated through a digitally-controlled oscillator (or line driver) whose offset is periodically re-initialized by the estimated clock bias (retrieved by means of PVT algorithms)?
- Are there any specific filters/estimators devoted to a fine PPS generation and control?
- Does some colleague know any reference providing technical details on this aspect?
I tried performing a meta-analysis of single arm studies (i.e without controls) using openMeta-analyst which allowed me to combine the effect estimate in form of proportions. Different organ transplants with similar endpoint were included from various studies. I was able to obtain
1) the overall estimate of all organs
2) perform sub-group analysis to find the estimate for specific organs, timing of treatment(<7days and >7 days), study design and availability of insurance cover or not
3) Did meta-regression to assess impact of covariates like timing of treatment
My PI wants a direct comparison of the point estimates from the subgroups already meta-analyzed. Is this a good practice and how can I do this without controls? I thought of using one organ say heart as the intervention and liver as control and then including by the number of events/total number of subjects for studies that provided data. For the corresponding control or intervention without values (since this direct comparison was not done in individual studies), I used zero and then corrected with 0.5 automatically which the software handles pretty well. Is this an ideal way to go in order to obtain the RR or OR across different sub-groups?
Please see below a schema of what I did:
Study organ 1 organ 2
A 0/0 6/20
B 0/0 4/9
C 0/0 8/23
D 6/21 0/0
E 34/45 0/0
F 12/50 0/0
ABC don't have information on organ 1 while DEF don't have info on organ 2. I am hoping this set up can help me unravel the difference between organs for a specific outcome measured.
I would appreciate your urgent response.
The timing of de-domestication events could be inferred using genomic data. Weedy rice is one of the few reported de-domesticates that has been thoroughly investigated using molecular data. Both the coalescence method and demographic analyses suggested that weedy rice has evolved from cultivated rice multiple times since 1000 years ago, which is much more recent than the previous estimate of 5600 years based on a demographic scenario analysis of weedy rice from Asian high latitudes. Some recent de-domestication events have been identified based on a comparison of genomic information from different rice lineages. According to phylogeny analysis that included the parental pedigrees, some de-domesticates were directly descended from modern cultivars only decades ago.
[Extracted from Wu, D., Lao, S. and Fan, L., 2021. De-domestication: an extension of crop evolution. Trends in Plant Science.]
Therefore, I am interested in evaluating the divergence time of different Oryza types in the "Domesticated-Wild-Weedy complex (DWWC)" in the Sri Lankan rice ecosystem.
Discussion is open for possible analysis particulars to evaluate the timing of de-domestication events in the complex rice ecosystem (DWWC).
Hi! I am planning to do some whole mount immuno for mouse embryonic tissue. I read about ScaleA2 and it seems like a good yet cheap option, particularly as it will preserve fluorescent proteins whereas I don't think alternatives like BABB will.
My first question: For the ScaleA2 protocol, I have read that I will have to incubate my samples in sucrose solution, followed by imbedding in OCT compound, freezing and thawing prior to clearing with ScaleA2. I was firstly wondering what the point of freezing is, if you're going to thaw your samples anyway? And if freezing is not necessary, then why use sucrose at all?
My second question: at what point should one put on their antibodies? I was planning to immunolabel prior to putting the samples in ScaleA2, but won't the sucrose solution I incubated my samples in impair the diffusion of the antibodies?
Any questions would be greatly appreciated!
Hello everyone, I have conducted a watermaze test and now I'm confused with the best analysis method to be used (I'm working with SPSS). I have different groups (3= vehicle, drug, drug+ environmental manipulation)+ different timing of interventions (2= prenatal, postnatal), and sex (male, female). animals have been tested in 3 learning blocks (time/distance in the target quadrant). should I perform a three-way repeated measure, mixed-model, or multivariate anova (taking each block as a separate dependent variable)?
I appreciate your time,
cheers,
Sajjad
I have the next error:
Timing for Writing wrfout_d01_2014-01-24_00:00:00 for domain 1: 0.71017 elapsed seconds
open_aux_u : error opening auxinput5_d01_2014-01-24_00:00:00 for reading. 100
d01 2014-01-24_00:00:00 Input data processed for aux input 5 for domain 1
d01 2014-01-24_00:00:00 Input data is acceptable to use: wrfbdy_d01
Ignoring all time series locations beyond # 20. Increase max_ts_locs in namelist.input
Timing for processing lateral boundary for domain 1: 0.09578 elapsed seconds
Tile Strategy is not specified. Assuming 1D-Y
WRF TILE 1 IS 1 IE 40 JS 1 JE 20
WRF NUMBER OF TILES = 1
How much should I make coarser the eta_levels? the area of study includes altitudes from 3000 to 240 m.a.s.l.
&time_control
run_days = 3,
run_hours = 66,
run_minutes = 0,
run_seconds = 0,
start_year = 2014, 2014, 2014,
start_month = 01, 01, 01,
start_day = 24, 24, 24,
start_hour = 00, 00, 00,
end_year = 2014, 2014, 2014,
end_month = 01, 01, 01,
end_day = 26, 26, 26,
end_hour = 18, 18, 18,
interval_seconds = 21600
input_from_file = .true.,.true.,.true.,
history_interval = 60, 60, 60,
frames_per_outfile = 1000, 1000, 1000,
restart = .false.,
restart_interval = 7200,
io_form_history = 2
io_form_restart = 2
io_form_input = 2
io_form_boundary = 2
debug_level = 0,
/
&domains
time_step = 15,
time_step_fract_num = 0,
time_step_fract_den = 1,
max_dom = 3,
e_we = 81, 100, 100,
e_sn = 81, 97, 97,
e_vert = 44, 44, 44,
eta_levels = 1.0000, 0.9940, 0.9900, 0.9860, 0.9820,
0.9780, 0.9740, 0.9700,
0.9680, 0.9640, 0.9600, 0.9520, 0.9420,
0.9320, 0.9210, 0.9060, 0.8930, 0.8760,
0.8650, 0.8560, 0.8450, 0.8341, 0.8225,
0.8103, 0.7948, 0.7746, 0.7494, 0.7133,
0.6742, 0.6323, 0.5876, 0.5406, 0.4915,
0.4409, 0.3895, 0.3379, 0.2871, 0.2378,
0.1907, 0.1465, 0.1056, 0.0682, 0.0332,
0.0000,
p_top_requested = 3000,
num_metgrid_levels = 26,
num_metgrid_soil_levels = 4,
dx = 9000, 3000, 1000,
dy = 9000, 3000, 1000,
grid_id = 1, 2, 3,
parent_id = 0, 1, 2,
i_parent_start = 1, 13, 60,
j_parent_start = 1, 22, 48,
parent_grid_ratio = 1, 3, 3,
parent_time_step_ratio = 1, 3, 3,
feedback = 1,
smooth_option = 0
use_adaptive_time_step = .true.,
max_ts_locs = 20,
Hi all,
I have a new strain of EZH2 floxed mice that I need to genotype because I will create KO mice later, no one in our lab deals with it so there is no program for it in our thermocyclers.
This is the link in JAX website:
JAX protocol for genotyping has the cycling steps and temperatures, but they don't provide the timing for each cycle. They said that it should be optimized for your lab and reagents so they don't provide a specific protocol. I programmed a new program with the default timing in our thermocycler and it didn't work.
Attached is the protocol from JAX website, and I used these calculations to create my master mix, for every PCR tube:
12.5 ul of Green Mix (GoTaq® Green Master Mix, 2X),
9.5 ul of nuclease free water,
0.5 ul of F primer,
0.5 ul of R primer,
2 ul of DNA from my tail snips --> total volume per tube is 25 ul.
I didn't get any bands or very weak bands, the picture attached should be all positive, the first well is my NTC and the second one is my negative WT control. I checked my DNA concentrations in the Tail snips with the NanoDrop and they all had good concentration and absorbance.
My guess is that it's the PCR step that is the problem, any idea how can I find information and fix that? Especially the timing of each cycle and how to set it up.
Thanks a lot!

Dear colleagues, I am working on the problem of selecting the best time instants to buy an asset in portfolio active management by using machine learning. How is this problem called in the literature? Market timing? Are there other names? Can you suggest some recent and important references for this?
I am doing this by means of neural networks. Are there published works or softwares doing this?
Thanks a lot!
Renato
Dear researcher determination of reducing sugar from titration or any other method which is environmental friendly, cheap in cost less timing consuming and accurate method to determination of sorbitol analysis.
Hello researchers!
Can anyone help explain each of the lines/curves exist in this figure about "detection of SARS‑CoV‑2"
let's discuss!
Does anyone have suggestions on the timing for asking medical students to evaluate a clinical OSCE station ? I'm a bit stuck between whether to get them to complete a written evaluation immediately (good response rate but may be biased by how they feel they performed) and sending an online survey out (poor response rate but less biased?). There doesn't seem to be much research in this area - unless I'm just not nailing the search terms. Thanks everyone.
I am currently interested about normal flora of the body (microbes), which are also involved in many diseases and aging, how can we control our diet or normal flora to maintain our health, as obesity is also linked, timing of food we eat also linked to normal flora. Chronobiology is also emerging field so thinking of it is essential part of sleep disorders and other chronic diseases.
The timing of the Quantitative and Qualitative Strands: Concurrent timing and Sequential timing
• Concurrent timing occurs when the researcher implements both the quantitative and qualitative strands during a single phase of the research study.
• Sequential timing occurs when the researcher implements the strands in two distinct phases, with the collection and analysis of one type of data occurring after the collection and analysis of the other type. A researcher using sequential timing may choose to start by either collecting and analyzing quantitative data first or collecting and analyzing qualitative data first.
But which The Sequential Design do you prefer? Qualitative-quantitative or quantitative-qualitative؟
In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model, we can measure the effect of specific drug on apoptosis by measuring the expression level of cleaved caspase 3 using western blot technique or it may be very difficult because the timing is very important for cleaved caspase 3 measurment due to its instability upon activation.
Right method and timing of application of Urea is very critical to reduce loss of nitrogen by various ways. I am looking for proper timing of application, matching with irrigation in Vertisols.
I am wondering what current practices are for the timing of chest drain removal? I am looking at doing a study on the relationship to removal timing and the development of pleural effusions requiring invasive drainage. As has been my experience, drainage thresholds and removal times are fairly arbitrary and there is no real consensus on how much is too much. When you balance that against pain, mobility, atelectasis etc then you have to consider what risk is acceptable in waiting longer to remove them. I have seen protocols that use serous nature of drainage, vol based anywhere from 40mls in 4hours, to 150mls in 4 hours to 50 mls in 24hours (considering this is less than physiological production of fluid it seems extreme).
I would love to get peoples thoughts. I have seen one weight based guideline discussed but no published results.
Also, what are peoples general experience with incidence of pleural effusions significant enough to require drainage after OHS. My institutions sits at around 10-15% which is why we are looking to determine of drain removal timing can impact this number
Thanks
When working with Windows 10 and sometimes Linux, which stimulation softwares/toolboxes would you recommend for fMRI studies? So far, I have used Psychtoolbox on Linux, but I am wondering if better (and simpler) tools have been developed, yet not sacrificing timing precision.
After click Analyze Post-Place and Route static timing, the report summary says the following info:
Minimum period: 8.432ns{1} (Maximum frequency: 118.596MHz)
1、Now, my task is to better Maximum frequency, first I need to find the critical path, but I have the difficulty in identifying it in the timing report. Could anyone give me some guidance?
2、I have another question. What are the Timing Constraints in timing report for? Whether the critical path is related to the error constraint in the Timing Constraints?
The attached files give the detailed info about the timing report.
Thank you very much.


I am working with DC compiler. My design has some sequential elements (D-FF) which reset's on negative edge of reset signal input to the design. Is there a way to tell compiler that on power-on, initially my circuit will go through the reset?
Due to this all the FF's may be having different initial states, and I do not get the expected synthesis results in terms of the logic elements.
Parameters like carrier frequency, symbol timing offset and symbol rate estimation in a single carrier system.
As an example, I suppose to keep the cycle 1 in 22 C for 5 mins while I kept it for 5 seconds.....42 C for 30 minutes while i only kept it for 3 seconds. I guess when I was entering the numbers in the machine, totally forgot the basic training steps. Should I throw away my samples and start again ?
Has anyone experiences with the Qiagen Epitect DNA bisulfite Kit and with precipitates in BL buffer? I incubated a flask of BL at 60°C for 3 hours, and precipitates are still there. I found information about temperature in troubleshooting, but there is no additional information about the ideal time of incubation.
I am planning to stain lymphocytes on surface and intracellularly in whole blood. What's the better timing of RBC lysing? Before or after surface staining?
Big thanks for sharing!
Shiqiu
It has been noticed that while teaching various subjects having numerical, students are more receptive in the morning sessions(say before lunch),whereas in the post lunch sessions,they are not in a position to grasp the subject in a better way.I may be wrong,but we may start a fruitful discussion on this topic,it will definitely guide us whether to keep such papers in the before lunch sessions,or otherwise.
Hello
Currently, I am working on a green energy project. We use solar as renewable energy, that powers small equipment. Actually, we plan to use timing sun tracker instead of solar lighting.
How to set up a timer for the motor to track the sun?
Any help would be thanks in advance
I have maintained CA50 at 9 degree after TDC and performed experiment.
I have assumed this to be my MBT timing for all the experiments.
Is this the right way of doing experiment.
sudo scons FULL_SYSTEM=1 build/ALPHA/gem5.opt RUBY=true PROTOCOL=MOESI_hammer
./build/ALPHA/gem5.opt -d m5out/blackscholes --debug-flags=RubyCache --debug-file=trace.out.gz configs/example/fs.py --ruby --num-cpu=16 --l1i_size=32kB --l1d_size=32kB --l2_size=8MB --cpu-type=timing --restore-with-cpu=timing --script=run_scripts/blackscholes_16c_simsmall.rcS --checkpoint-at-end --kernel=/home/xx/gem5/full_system_images_ALPHA/binaries/vmlinux_2.6.27-gcc_4.3.4 --disk-image=/home/xxx/gem5/full_system_images_ALPHA/disks/linux-parsec-2-1-m5-with-test-inputs.img --max-checkpoints=5
i used debug-flags=RubyCache,
Actually , i need data for tracing data such as cache memory address, cpu number, Hit/Miss, and Write/ read? is that debug-flags=RubyCache correct or other flag?
Transposons are considered to be one of the sources of genetic variations in plants, can trasposition activity during gamete formation decides the fate or fitness of the individuals carrying them and ultimately can they deviate the gene or genotypic frequencies of a segregating population?
When i compute the time complexity of cipher text policy attribute based encryption CP-ABE . I found it O(1) by tracing each step in code which mostly are assignments operations. Is it possible that the time complexity of CP-ABE be O(1) or i have a problem. the code that i used is the following, where ITERS=1.
public static List encrypt(String policy, int secLevel, String type,
byte[] data, int ITERS){
double results[] = new double[ITERS];
DETABECipher cipher = new DETABECipher();
long startTime, endTime;
List list = null;
for (int i = 0; i < ITERS; i++){
startTime = System.nanoTime();
list = cipher.encrypt(data, secLevel,type, policy);
endTime = System.nanoTime();
results[i] = (double)(endTime - startTime)/1000000000.0;
}
return list;
}
public List encrypt(byte abyte0[], int i, String s, String s1)
{
AccessTree accesstree = new AccessTree(s1);
if(!accesstree.isValid())
{
System.exit(0);
}
PublicKey publickey = new PublicKey(i, s);
if(publickey == null)
{
System.exit(0);
}
AESCipher.genSymmetricKey(i);
timing[0] = AESCipher.timing[0];
if(AESCipher.key == null)
{
System.exit(0);
}
byte abyte1[] = AESCipher.encrypt(abyte0);
ABECiphertext abeciphertext = ABECipher.encrypt(publickey, AESCipher.key, accesstree);
timing[1] = AESCipher.timing[1];
timing[2] = ABECipher.timing[3] + ABECipher.timing[4] + ABECipher.timing[5];
long l = System.nanoTime();
LinkedList linkedlist = new LinkedList();
linkedlist.add(abyte1);
linkedlist.add(AESCipher.iv);
linkedlist.add(abeciphertext.toBytes());
linkedlist.add(new Integer(i));
linkedlist.add(s);
long l1 = System.nanoTime();
timing[3] = (double)(l1 - l) / 1000000000D;
return linkedlist;
}
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] paramArrayOfByte)
{
if (key == null) {
return null;
}
byte[] arrayOfByte = null;
try
{
long l1 = System.nanoTime();
cipher.init(1, skey);
arrayOfByte = cipher.doFinal(paramArrayOfByte);
long l2 = System.nanoTime();
timing[1] = ((l2 - l1) / 1.0E9D);
iv = cipher.getIV();
}
catch (Exception localException)
{
System.out.println("AES MODULE: EXCEPTION");
localException.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("---------------------------");
}
return arrayOfByte;
}
public static ABECiphertext encrypt(PublicKey paramPublicKey, byte[]
paramArrayOfByte, AccessTree paramAccessTree)
{
Pairing localPairing = paramPublicKey.e;
Element localElement1 = localPairing.getGT().newElement();
long l1 = System.nanoTime();
localElement1.setFromBytes(paramArrayOfByte);
long l2 = System.nanoTime();
timing[3] = ((l2 - l1) / 1.0E9D);
l1 = System.nanoTime();
Element localElement2 = localPairing.getZr().newElement().setToRandom();
Element localElement3 = localPairing.getGT().newElement();
localElement3 = paramPublicKey.g_hat_alpha.duplicate();
localElement3.powZn(localElement2);
localElement3.mul(localElement1);
Element localElement4 = localPairing.getG1().newElement();
localElement4 = paramPublicKey.h.duplicate();
localElement4.powZn(localElement2);
l2 = System.nanoTime();
timing[4] = ((l2 - l1) / 1.0E9D);
ABECiphertext localABECiphertext = new ABECiphertext(localElement4, localElement3, paramAccessTree);
ShamirDistributionThreaded localShamirDistributionThreaded = new ShamirDistributionThreaded();
localShamirDistributionThreaded.execute(paramAccessTree, localElement2, localABECiphertext, paramPublicKey);
timing[5] = ShamirDistributionThreaded.timing;
return localABECiphertext;
}
}
public ABECiphertext(Element element, Element element1, AccessTree
accesstree)
{
c = element;
cp = element1;
cipherStructure = new HashMap();
tree = accesstree;
}
public void execute(AccessTree accesstree, Element element,
ABECiphertext abeciphertext, PublicKey publickey)
{
pairing = publickey.e;
ct = abeciphertext;
PK = publickey;
countDownLatch = new
CountDownLatch(accesstree.numAtributes);
timing = 0.0D;
double d = System.nanoTime();
Thread thread = new Thread(new Distribute(abeciphertext,
accesstree.root, element));
thread.start();
try
{
countDownLatch.await();
long l = System.nanoTime();
timing = ((double)l - d) / 1000000000D;
synchronized(mutex)
{
}
}
catch(Exception exception)
{
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
To my knowledge, during this Archean, the crust experienced a marked change in composition from sodic TTG assemblages to medium- and high-potassium calc-alkaline granite-granodiorite suites and sanukitoids . The specific timing of this change varies from craton to craton and is accompanied by significant changes in geodynamic settings associated with crustal thickening and reworking that contributed to the final stabilization of the cratons.
I have some samples that synchronous TTG gneisses and potassic granitoids in the given region? anybody know studies about this ?Many thanks in advance for sending me messages about this.
I'm a researcher interested in wireless medium access control (mostly IEEE 802.11), where it's often necessary to understand the timing relationships between message transmissions. I usually draw something which is a merger of two UML diagram types: message exchange sequence diagram and timing diagram. An example is the attached figure, also available at ns-3's gitlab: https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev/issues/41#note_157372618
I drew this using LibreOffice Draw (obviously Visio would have worked as well), but in order to present everything to scale, I had to manually adjust block widths. Are there tools for drawing such timing diagrams of a message exchange?

That would be around 3 weeks, depending on the severity of the pancreatitis; after the serologic level of amylase and lipase have normalized and the CT scan have revealed remission of the acute pancreatitis.
i need help in egg incubator ventilation rate (CFM) the fan speed the hole size and heating calculation and egg turning timing (3 or 4 time per day for how long and which speed
Hi eveybody,
I saw that several protocols for the analysis of nitrogen wet deposition prescribe the analysis of the collected samples every week.
Would it be fine to perform the analysis of the collected sample every 2 weeks? Are there protocols supporting this timing?
Thanks,
Alberto
What time of the day produces the most interesting / important ideas?
My independent variable is the timing of video clips display:
- at the beginning of the lesson
- in the middle
- at the end of the lesson
My dependent variable is developing listening skills.
I have 3 classes of grade 1 to apply the experiment on..
But I am not sure if this is possible or there is something missed..
Laminar and turbulent flame speed
Suppose you have an outcome that occurs at a certain point in time. You also measure a certain lab and you want to see if it is associated with the outcome; however, this lab is measured daily and you are interested to see if the value of that lab on the day of the occurrence of the outcome is important. Aside from choosing the median time of when the outcome occurred, how can you determine when (or which) value you want to choose for the control group?
Climate change is evolving as one of the leading environmental problems facing modern world. A serious threat is to the crop sector which is vulnerable to change in temperature and rainfall. Extremes in climate variations are increasing and threaten the security of our livelihoods and assets. Long term changes result in both creating opportunities and threats to crops and farming systems and timing of sowing and genotype selection affecting farm production. Therefore it is important to learn to live with these changes, make use of the opportunities and deal with the threats to prevent losses. This study documented different researcher’s results regarding sowing dates and genotype selection. The results indicated that both sowing dates and genotype has a key role in final crop productivity. The study suggested that sowing dates and genotype selection are to be adjusted according to changing climate to minimize losses.
I'm currently working on an experiment involving playing audio stimuli and recording EEG data simultaneously. The issue is that I don't currently have access to a stimulus tracking device that (from my understanding) would place timestamps into my EEG data so that I can know exactly where each stimulus presentation lines up with it. Is there any way to do this that doesn't involve the expenditure of $500-$2000? What is the cheapest way to be sure of where my stimulus presentations line up with my EEG recordings?
Thank you in advance for any wisdom or experience you might have to share!
This will help us in understanding more about soul
The question is related to timing of a distributed system.
Thermal injuries of bile ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been mentioned in several classifications.
Nevertheless, they are not divided on types? timing of diagnosing? clinical manifestations.
I am a registered nurse. In GP/community/non-acute hospital settings, we often advise patients to take oral antibiotics e.g. Augmentin 3 times a day at convenient times to promote compliance (usually take them during breakfast, lunch and dinner). Having said this, it would mean there is a big gap during the night time. How does this effect on the antibiotic's steady state and serum therapeutic level?
As for intravenous antibiotics, timing is very crucial; however, there are times that when you get 5-6 patients, it can not be given on time. What is your recommendation in terms of timing? I seriously believe that the 30-minute rule is just fine. If you can't give it really on time, giving it 30 minutes before and after is acceptable, but one-hour-window is way too early or too long and is such a risk for losing the minimum inhibitory concentration.
What are your thoughts?
Dear Colleagues,
I have an interesting question for you and would like to request you to share your opinions/views/perspectives.
How can an Open Access journal receives acceptability and respect equivalent to a traditional respectable periodical among the authors.
i would like to mention the following points as an author who wants to publish in a genuine journal.
1.Charges should be genuine
(Let me know how much is appropriate according to you as it differs from $150 to $5000).
2. Proper review process should be followed.
3. Proper timing should be maintained.
Now, here is the crux, review will definitely take some time (I guess at least 3-6 months on an average ).
Are we ready to be patient for that period or a quick review (1-2 months) is fine?
Your valuable opinions are appreciable.
4. How much do you feel Impact Factor is important to prove the genuineness?
(Please rate on a scale of 1-10, 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest).
5. How much do you require the indexing in various leading services and why you need so?
(Please rate on a scale of 1-10, 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest).
As an author, please share your points which you believe should be the criteria for a journal to be respected and genuine.
Awaiting to witness some excellent comments.
Dear all
I am in need of electromagnetic actuator for controlling valves of an engine which have regenerative capability. I am looking for any commercially available products which can be used for this purpose. We will be using it for developing variable valve timing mechanism. Please let me know if anyone can help me in this regard.
#VVT
#Variable valve timing
#electromagnetic actuator
#regenerative capability
#IC Engines
I am using Matlab R2018a with Simulink and Embedded Coder together with DRV8312 development kit. I was able to set up LED blink, generate PWM signals, use SCI communication and also I successfully run ADC-PWM Synchronization via ADC Interrupt example. All the outputs were correct and everything behaved as expected.
My problem is that all my programs after loading to target processor only execute for few minutes (lets say from 2 to 5 minutes) and then suddenly stop to execute. According to profiling, everything seems to be all right and there are no timing issues.
Could you please provide me with some direction about where to look for the solution? Why all my programs stop executing?
This research is based at a semi-urban setting of Nepal. Most of the population is busy throughout the year in agricultural production. However, the technology is seldom used except some equipments in the field. The cost of production, if compared, is higher than that of the produce. Field observation reflects that the change in season pattern, flowering and ripening pattern, crop growth, production and harvesting timing have changed.
I would like to apply qualitative research methodology in this study. So, I would be grateful to have insights from researchers working or having knowledge/experience in this field.
Thanks.
In LTE, given that a device is static (non mobile), is it possible to use the same Timing advance value for all transmissions from that device for the same eNB?.
H1N1 infection in pregnancy, improving fetomaternal outcome
All protocols I have come across for DNA extraction list incubation temperatures and times as specific eg, incubate at 50 degrees for 2 hours. These do not specify any tolerance.
The method I have been given to use specifys tolerances of +/- 3 degrees for temperature and +/-5 mins for time.
Do you think these are really relevant? Would the tolerance have an effect?
It appears that no other company has these tolerances and why is this?
Is natural environmental weather (temperature, humidity, day timing; change according to weather) necessary for human health & development, in comparison to air-conditioned environment (constant Temperature, Humidity)?
As we know that plants require different weather for their secondary growth, leaf fall etc similarly does human body and biological cycle also require all weather for development and fitness because at present we adopting air-conditioned environment?
I recently submitted an article to The Qualitative Report. I am very interested in how they process articles as they noted that they have a low rejection rate and they try to think of authors and mentors in TQR as a research community who work together to bring out the best in their works (see https://nsuworks.nova.edu/about.html). However, it is about two months that I do not get anything from the TQR. I tried to contact the editor but it seems that my emails were not read. Although two months are not long for peer-review of a qualitative paper, I'm a little bit worried about the timing. I wanted to ask if anyone has submitted to the journal before and if so, I appreciate if they inform me about their experience.
Hello every one can some one share best protocols about the spatial root distribution (horizontal and vertical), root architecture and other root related indexes (root weight, density, activity etc) in inter cropping system, and also suggest the best timing for collected these parameters? Hope all the related field researchers will help and share their valuable suggestions
Thanks in advance
I need to test the timing of stimulus (audio and visual) presentation, duration and synchrony for a cognitive science experiment. Any help in this regard appreciated. Thank you.
Is there any method to form a fungal-bacterial biofilm in column bioreactors-media, strains, timing, previous (co-)cultivation...?
In total body PET/CT scanner how can we compare the appropriateness and Justification of image quality with timing?
Anyone out there, please help me with this. I can't understand what vertical delay values are used here and how to put that in the matrix ?
please share specs of Diesel engine single cylinder engine
controlled injection timing
variable compression ratio
Some protocols suggest heating, others cooling. Should the lysis buffer be ice cold? Is scraping the bottom of the plate necessary?
One protocol suggests using Laemmli buffer in place of lysis buffer to eliminate the spin down step and thereby keep nuclear extracts in the lysate. Is this valid?
What lysis protocol have you found to work best for a western? Specifically, what is most important in terms of temperature, timing, and buffers to get a good lysate?
I am conducting westerns on hepatocytes of human origin and trying to detect a protein between 20 and 30 kD.
Different opinions arose in the last few years about the timing for operating chidren with congenital esotropia? What do you suggest and why on the basis of strong scientific evidence?
Timing of irrigation is very sensitive to crop growth and development. Is there any potential impact of RDI or PRD on crops? Let's discuss about RDI and PRD.
Recently I designed new filter, I want to check its ability against ISI and timing error. But I faced difficulties for this, I need help from who has experience in this field ... Thanks in advance for your support ...
+ Attached file discuss a method for BER calculation but it is not enough clear for me to apply.
I am emulating the memory, added read and write timing. I want to see the performance diagram at different times.With the second code, I can extract different moments.But the final time -- current graph of the two pieces of code is different, which is confusing to me.I need your help.
Thanks a million.
I usually use 20 minutes and 1% agarose gel but the DNA ladder didnot separate into its repective bands.
- The Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) can be applied to detect some potential signal shifts (Carslaw et al., 2006; Andersen et al., 2009).
- A CUSUM procedure is developed by plotting the accumulated residuals between a measured variable and is used to test whether there is evidence that the residual time series is nonstationary or inhomogeneous.
- The change point can be calculated by interpretation of CUSUM chart.
- However, bootstrap analysis is done to ascertain the confidence level to quantify the mostly likely timing of change and to estimate the uncertainty associated with a change point.
- The following link gives information about CUSUM and bootstrap process: http://www.variation.com/cpa/tech/changepoint.html
- I performed bootstrap in MATLAB using the command: [bootstat,bootsam] = bootstrp(...) which was used as [bootstat,bootsam] = bootstrp(1000,@mean,A) to generate 1000 resamples with mean function for the data vector [A].
- But the confidence level estimated from these 1000 samples (using the example data set in above link) was found to be very low! That's what is making me confused regarding application of CUSUM method. Please if anyone can help me out!
Dear All,
I am working on Laser Welding of DP 600. In order to reveal the microstructure across the weld zone and HAZ, I am following two stage etching technique (as LePara etching is not working on weld zone). First stage is etching with 4% picric acid and second stage is 10% Na2S2O5. During Second stage etching, lot of etch pits are forming on the surface. The timing has varied from 10 sec to 1 sec. Also concentration of Na2S2O5 has also changed from 10 % to 1% . Still finding the same problem.
Can somebody help me out to overcome this problem or suggest me other suitable technique to reveal the martensitic structure apart from Nital etching.
Thank you
Lakshminarayana
What is the importance of tumble ratio in a GDI engine. In my study i can see variation in tumble ratio for different injection timings.
Tumble ratio at what point is more relevant. Either spark or while mixing.
Can anyone suggest me some good references regarding the same.
looking at rate of natriuresis following salt load in normotensives and hypertensives. Human or animal studies...
Can injection timing affect incylinder temperature at the time of combustion in a GDI engine. If so can it have influence on NOx formation in GDI Engine.