Tics - Science topic

Yes, it is possible to include total indirect effects (TIE) and total direct effects (TDE) as well as total effect (TE) for a latent variable model (LVM) or a latent basis model (LBM) in SEM.

Total indirect and total direct effects can be calculated using the concept of "mediation" and "moderation" respectively. Mediation refers to the extent to which one variable (the mediator) explains the relationship between another variable (the predictor) and a third variable (the outcome). Moderation refers to the extent to which a variable (the moderator) modifies the relationship between another variable (the predictor) and a third variable (the outcome).

The calculation of these effects can be done using specific software, such as AMOS, Mplus, R or Python, that allows the estimation of SEM models. These software's allow to estimate these effects by adding specific parameters, such as indirect and direct effects, to the model, and then running the model to obtain the estimates of these effects.

It is important to note that these calculations assume that the model is correctly specified, and that the assumptions of SEM are met. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a statistician or SEM expert before attempting to estimate TIE, TDE and TE in LBM.

Generally, when you produce MAX phases, such as Ti₂AlC, you will have a mixture of MAX, cubic carbides (TiC), and intermetallics. Ti₂CT_x is not the most stable MXene, so what this means is that your etching conditions are leading to the complete degradation of the MXene. It is not the Ti₂AlC that is transforming to TiC, but the TiC from the initial mixture that is remaining after the intermetallics and Ti₂AlC have decomposed.

Broadly, I suggest decreasing the HF content to 5-10 %, and etching for short periods of time. Depending on where you purchase (or how you make) your MAX, the conditions will change. Use XRD to confirm etching.

This article will help you understand what you are seeing in XRD and other characterization techniques: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079642520301213

Hello,

The principal problem here is that there are not enough data points in your scans, so you should probably increase the dwell time. To mee, it seems that you do not have enough peaks to define a good chromatographic peak. I guess the problem comes for having several parent ions scans running at the same time. My advice is to do create different methods with the different parent ion scans.

Also, I see that all your molecules are eluting quite early and depending on the size of your column it could mean that you are not able to retain your compounds with this column and that could be also a problem.

Regards,

Andreu

Generally, I can think of four reasons why this could be occurring:

To better figure this out, the natural question is where is your Al going? Are you forming intermetallics, alumina, or do you not see Al at al?

There are two articles you should look at: This one uses a higher than stoichiometric amount of Al and leads to better properties. You can try copying this methodology as it leads to better Ti₃AlC₂ regardless, but the higher Al content makes it easier to compensate for a bit of problems (above).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079642520301213 - In this article, we go over how to characterize your MAX (mostly focused on MXene). So it may help guide you a bit more.

Your real question..... Additionally, you appear to be making an assumption that your results should equal the results obtained by the supplier for your sample ( a reasonable starting assumption, but the real question is far more complicated). There are thousands of variables present in any LC-MS analysis. Any "purity" values assigned to a compound are relative to the EXACT method of analysis used, on that system. With LC-MS (or MS, MS-MS) analysis, the instrument operator, the settings (and their are a LOT of settings), the HPLC method and the specific instrument used all contribute to the results obtain. Just as with your method, the original method used to determine "purity" may or may not be comprehensive (we have no idea). All methods need to be evaluated by professionals to insure they are fit-for-purpose and selective for the sample under analysis before any conclusions are drawn.

Any MS system can output data that is or is not accurate. The system is just a "dumb" tool and to obtain quality output requires a very skilled user with a great deal of practical experience.

You can't do anything beyond what you've already did. I wanted to suggest that you clean the source, you did that. Call your service provider and ask for a preventive maintenance.

The following H and OH ion calculation procedure may also be seen.

Hello Mostafa,

thanks for posting this interesting technical question. I my opinion there is no answer to this question, because the pH value specifies the acidity or basicity of compounds in aqueous solution.However, typical for the ceramic materials

mentioned in your question is that they are practically insoluble in water. Thus I see no chance of determining the pH of these materials. If you make a slurry of such materials in water the pH will most likely not change.

I hope this helps. Good luck with your work!

Your comments imply that your method may be invalid. Could you provide us with the peak retention time(s) using your above method? A chromatogram, with scales shown would also be very useful to see too.

Lower flow rates are preferred with most types of MS detectors (some can be run at 1.00 mL/min, depends on the method). However, in all cases, the HPLC column used must be sized properly for the flow rate and method used. Your 4.6mm ID column is the wrong size for your flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and points out the need for training before using an LC-MS system for analysis. A 2.1mm ID column would be scientifically appropriate for flow rates ~ 250 ul/min.

*BTW: I think it is great that you are trying to learn these techniques, but please be aware that it takes many years of professional industrial experience/training just to acquire a basic level of training in HPLC (emphasis on 'basic'). As you are new to this area, please start by learning the basic fundamentals of chromatography before using the HPLC to analyze samples (text books can help to learn these concepts when starting out). Please have someone with HPLC experience and training help you with this project. Data acquired using poor quality methods leads to poor quality conclusions.

Dear all,

I think Sepehr Pourbahraini intends to fabricate a full solid-solutioned composite material; i.e. between ZrB₂ and TiB₂ as the matrix as well as TiC and ZrC as the reinforcement, not between the hexagonal ZrB₂ and cubic TiC which is impossible.

Since solid-solutioning is a time-consuming phenomenon, a short-dwell-time sintering process such as SPS can not guarantee this purpose. Meanwhile, your idea needs the progression of a chemical reaction at first:

ZrB₂ + TiC = TiB₂ + ZrC

So, in order to approach your goal, not only the above reaction must be completed, but also the diffusion-based solid solution formation.

In conclusion, I believe having a 100% SS in not possible, but you can boost both processes (reaction and diffusion) via decreasing the size of the starting materials in order to provide more available surfaces for the components to react/diffuse each other and performing a high-energy ball-milling for surface-activating of the powders. Choosing a longer dwell time can also be an option.

This is a very useful question. I am agree with the answer made by Noel W Davies.

I think thermodynamic/phase diagram/modelling softwares will be more helpful in this regard.

Asperger's Syndrome, as such, has been "discontinued" as such, by the DSM-V (5) of the APA, and without "specific traits or own indicators" has been introduced within the "Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD) "... now well -and that said- if you are interested in the" proper indicators "that appeared in the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR (included within General Developmental Disorders), these were:

A) Alteration of social interaction, manifested by at least two of these characteristics: 1- Important alteration of the use of multiple non-verbal behaviors such as eye contact, facial expression, body postures and regulatory gestures of said social interaction. 2- Inability to develop relationships with peers appropriate to the level of development of the subject. 3- Absence of the spontaneous tendency to share enjoyment, interests and objectives with other people. 4- Lack of social or emotional reciprocity.

B)Restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities, manifested by at least one of these characteristics: 1- Absorbing concern for one or more stereotyped and restrictive patterns of interest that are abnormal, either due to their intensity or their objective or by both. 2- Apparently inflexible adherence to specific non-functional or adaptive routines or rituals. 3- Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms. 4- Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects.

C)The disorder causes a clinically significant impairment of the individual's social, occupational and other important areas of activity.

D) There is no clinically significant general language delay.

E) There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or in the development of self-help skills typical of age, adaptive behavior -except for social interaction- and curiosity about the environment during childhood.

F) Does not meet criteria for another pervasive developmental disorder or schizophrenia.

Area %. refer to the main compounds in the TIC,

So the area %, is not a concentration percentage

 

Abstract

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is often used for disinfecting hospital wastewater in order to prevent the spread of pathogenicmicroorganisms, causal agents of nosocomial infectious diseases. Chlorine disinfectants in wastewater react with organic matters, giving riseto organic chlorine compounds such as AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), which are toxic for aquaticorganisms and are persistent environmental contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity on aquatic organisms of hospitalwastewater from services using NaOCl in pre-chlorination. Wastewater samples from the infectious and tropical diseases department of ahospital of a large city in southeast of France were collected. Three samples per day were collected in the connecting well department at 9a.m., 1 p.m. and 5 p.m. during 8 days from 13 March to 22 March 2001, and a mixture was made at 6 p.m. with the three samples in order toobtain a representative sample for the day. The toxicity test comprised the 24-h EC50onDaphnia magnaand a bioluminescence assay usingVibrio fischeriphotobacteria. Fecal coliforms and physicochemical analyses such as total organic carbon (TOC), chloride, AOX, totalsuspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were carried out. Wastewater samples highlighted considerable acute toxicityonD. magnaandV. fischeriphotobacteria. However, low most probable numbers (MPN), ranging from < 3 to 2400 for 100 ml, weredetected for fecal coliforms. Statistical analysis, with a confidence interval of 95%, gave a strong linear regression assessed withr= 0.98between AOX concentrations and EC50(TU) on daphnia. The identification of an ideal concentration of NaOCl in disinfecting hospitalwastewater, i.e. its non-observed effect concentration (NOEC) on algae andD. magna, seems to be a research issue that could facilitate thecontrol of AOX toxicity effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, it would be necessary to moniator the biocide properties of NaOCl on fecalcoliforms at various doses and its toxicity effects on aquatic organisms. D2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords:Sodium hypochlorite; AOX; Hospital effluents; Toxicity; Daphni

Dear Ariharan Natarajan ,

PVD and CVD coating facilities are available in some of the labs in India including ARCI, Hyderabad, NAL Bangalore etc.

Regards

the best is using microscopy! Optic or electron doesn't matter. TiB2 and TiC usualy have narrow size destribution. so analysis of size destribution leads to separation of aglomerates and single particles. note you have to measure aglomerate as one particle.

What did you change besides the Autosampler?

Autosampler design and function can have a huge impact on results. The internal volumes of the sampler, needle, tubing, valve and any how the injection function operates may effect the sample as it travels through the system to the column and detector (This is a complex topic).

However: If you changed any tubing (length or diameter), then that will have an impact on dilution and measured signal. *Regarding PEEK tubing: If you used "Tan" tubing (0.17 mm) in place of "Red" tubing (0.12 mm), then the volume contained in the tubing (more diluted) will be double. This will change the results. Note, that incorrectly selected or fitted nuts and ferrules along the flow path may also have similar effects too. Be sure to have the system and all connections checked over by someone experienced in setting-up and using the same system.

I agree with Saleemsab Doddamani

Richard Ocaya Sebastian Röttgermann Aparna Sathya Murthy .

Thank you, it worked

Dear Sir,

We done our ESI-MS of our novel recombinant protein sample and found varying color (green,red,yellow) of peptide when matching to our known protein sequence (isolated and purified from plant source its ms spectra have identified 7 peptide and expressed it recombinantly). I have found all the peptide matching in our ESI-MS of recombinant protein with native protein ms (out of 7 peptide we have found 3 green 1 yellow and 3 red peptide). please clarify should i consider it my recombinant protein is have same sequence as native plant protein. Secondly what could be the reason of getting varying colour peptide.

Please clarify the significant of peptide deduced in sequence represented with varying color like green,Red and yellow. Could you please elaborate the percentage of similarity level of green, yellow and green peptides????

Thanks

Regards

In combination with communicative language learning, I think ICT can foster learning. Several years ago, I saw an interactive story telling program for children learning Ukrainian. The activities, geared toward reinforcing language (reading, hearing) were fun...even as an adult learning. :-)

It is irrelevant because it is depending upon the ability of the detector to see. The UV detector will give you the response or signal for the compounds that absorb UV light (having double bonds, for example). If you have tons of non-UV absorbing analyte such as hexane, you will see nothing in the chromatogram. However, if you have a small amount of acetone or benzene, you will see a huge response. This is true with LC-ESI-MS. If you have an analyte that gives you poor response on the ESI mode such as DDT, you will not see much of the signal and does not mean you have low concentration of the analyte because you see very little peak. If you ask a blind person of how many people he see in the soccer stadium full of the soccer fans, he will tell you he see nobody. Can you believe him or her?

see link

% For Simulink model

tic, sim('Simmulink_model_Name'), toc

% It is strongly recommended that you run the model at least min once before

% this test because it compiled before start.

I am not sure that I understood your Q, but will recommend to explore for articles at Google scholar first:

I estimate the water molecules in the complexs

Regards,

Joachim

Hi

Read the second part of this article, the part after introduction explains the sps conditions of TiB₂ material.

Thanks.

Amazing! Thank you , John Canham and for taking the time to answer my question, I really appreciate your help!

Hi Rafaela

This assay is actually quite straight forward so I am not sure where your problems are coming from.

Are you working with pharmaceutical preparations or are these extracts from biological samples?

What sample preparation are you performing?

What mobile phase and pH are you using?

What volume of sample are you injecting and what is the solvent for your sample? Is this the same as your starting mobile phase?

What is the mass difference of the peaks you are seeing as two peaks? If the elute at the same time but give different masses then they could be adducts. Which masses are you using to identify the diclofenac and the degradation products? Have you taken the ionisation effect and possibility of alternative adducts into account?

Is the column a new or used column?

What are the retention times for your analytes relative to the void volume?

Do these match your application note? The difference between a triple quad versus a qTOF should not give you different retention times nor different masses so you probably have high concentrations of background interference or a solubility problem or solvent compatibility problem.

Are your solvents for the mobile phases of high quality?

Dilution of the sample could solve your problem.

More information could give better pointers of where to look for your problem but this assay is very common and easy.

XRD & XPS

No such thing as a standardless analysis in chromatography. You can ratio to internal standards but without knowing the precise response relationship between internal standard and compound you will not achieve meaningful quantification. UV appears to be as you state but the reality is different than the theory. If you want quantitative results you must derive a calibration curve.

So far I know, there are no direct methods to calculate the elapsed time of a particular Simulink block/subsystem. You may follow the following steps:

1. Run the simulation in fixed step.

2. Put the controller inside the enabled subsystems block (Reference: https://uk.mathworks.com/help/simulink/ug/enabled-subsystems.html)

3. Try to use timer block to calculate the elapsed time of the enabled subsystems block (Reference: https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/5761-reset-clock?s_tid=FX_rc1_behav)

If you want to compute the computational complexity of two controllers, number of mathematical operations is a good idea. For an example, please check Table II in https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5617865

Dear Sheetal, Please update information: What is the model of your TOC analyzer? What kind of sample have you analyzed? Have you checked results with standard solutions? Regards Marek

I wish you good luck.

One consideration is comparing the number of proteins extracted versus the quantity of those that are extracted. This is always a tough decision unless your situation helps to guide you. I.e. One extraction method might extract more total protein mass but less unique proteins. I've used TIC but I assume each of these have their merits depending upon exactly what you want to account for.

Best of luck.

What are your samples and what is the extent of the difference?

Firstly, there will always be some experimental error, so it would be more surprising if you got identical results.

Secondly, in my field (concrete durability) we're interested in the early stage carbonation of cement paste. In these instances we often find that the carbonate content determined from thermal analysis is greater than that determined by XRD. The most likely explanation for this is the presence of non-crystalline carbonates within our system. (This is normally confirmed by observing a much lower decomposition temperature than would be expected for calcite or other crystalline CaCO₃ polymorphs).

Hi, I cannot comment on the signifcance of the different effects named, but you clearly missed on important one: quench sensitivity: the alloying elements meant to cause precipitation hardening during ageing must be frozen in a supersaturated solid solution during quenching. "Slow" cooling potentially leads to quench induced coarse precipitation - those will reduce the atomic fraction left for precipitation hardening. We are currently working on quench sensitivity of 17-4PH and depending on the batch used the critical cooling rate for compllete supersaturation can reach up to 10 K/s.

Best Regards

Benjamin

You cannot say anything about molecular weights by MS, because MS does not measure weights, but masses. Your dimer is almost certainly singly charged, so you can write out the molecular formula and see if the peaks you observe correspond to (protonated, +1) isotopologues of the protein. What you call the monomer may actually be the dimer, doubly charged. See if the peaks are separated by 1 or 0.5. If it's the latter, then the charge is 2, and you're still observing the dimer.

Thank you for your kind reply

The neat PEEK also showed very small increase in TC, i.e from o.3 to 0.42

The data mentioned is already normalized against sample thickness

This paper focuses on southern Mediterranean cities:

Monzon, Andres. “Smart Cities Concept and Challenges: Bases for the Assessment of Smart City Projects” In Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems

Volume 579 of the series Communications in Computer and Information Science pp 17-31

Date: 07 January 2016

 This one on northern Med cities:

Leontidou, Lila. "«Smart Cities» of the debt crisis: grassroots creativity in Mediterranean Europe." Επιθεώρηση Κοινωνικών Ερευνών 144.144 (2015): 69-101.

This one on African cities:

Watson, Vanessa. "African urban fantasies: dreams or nightmares?." Environment and Urbanization (2013): 0956247813513705.

Not much by anthropologists, but I have a chapter in press on the intersection between SC and informality

You can try change the energy of the laser in Raman spectroscopy.

Thank you for responding to my question, Natalie. I didn't want to influence any answers by expressing my views in the question, but I agree with you entirely. This is a battle we are having with my son's school at the moment (they are trying to 'correct' his handedness). I have been frustrated by the lack of any scientific data to support or contradict my views.

Handedness and autism are beyond the scope of my personal research interests. I would be interested to hear from others who do work in the field, though.

Many thanks, again.