Ticks - Science topic

Thanks for your attention, It will definitely be useful for me.

Best regards

Hello Sarah Isnan , hope you find this solution worth it.

You can either load a map image (jpg / png) or utilize the Netlogo extension

this will enable you to load shape files (.shp)

set city_map_data gis:load-dataset "data/glasgow.shp"

gis:set-world-envelope (gis:envelope-of city_map_data )

gis:draw city_map_data 1

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-019-00341-z this article

300-400 mg can be considered as ideal weight for engorged female tick. Tick weight should not be less than 250-300 mg

Dear, Amowie Aimienoho

Thank you very much for your reply.

The factors you described gave me a lot of help and direction. I want to ask you a question, Will the flight ability of migratory birds not be reduced by the blood-sucking of ticks? Please let me know if you have any thoughts or data on this.

Best

Hello, yes for sure,

Ali Zia-Tohidi Mojtaba Elhami Athar Thanks both for your help! Apologies for coming back so late. I just recovered from sickness and picked up work again!

Thanks dear Sajid Ur Rahman , I appreciate it !

@Flavia Ferrari, how did you solve the issue in the end? We have a similar situation with a mite infestation in a mammalian tissue culture incubator, so I wanted to know what ended up working for you.

Thanks!

Dear Shahid Ali

I think that your shared video is quite adequate for what you asking.

Kind regards

Hi @Anjali Manglani, could you provide more details about this question? But if I may guess, I think you are interested in analysing the effect of one or more variables (predictors) upon another variable (response). If this is what you need, I will suggest you try Generalized Linear Models (GLM), this will permit you to analyse a linear relationship between the response and predictors, even if the underlying relationship is not linear.

I hope this helps, best wishes with your work

Dear Qussay

you must tick flow direction in display option to view flow streams

Best Regards

abas

At the moment, these are the best.

Thanks for your help Christian and Remal

Gracias, Miguel por tu respuesta! Voy a contactar a estos investigadores, para ver si podrían ayudarme.

Hello,

I think the question is badly put.

Wild birds and their parasites, as well as the parasites of those parasites, etc. form an ecosystem that has been evolving for millions of years. To remove one element of this ecosystem, assuming that it is practically feasible, does not seem desirable. Such a disruption could have cascading consequences that are totally unpredictable.

Assuming that birders can act as vectors for these parasites between wild and farmed birds, the most reasonable course of action is probably to adopt precautionary measures to limit access to poultry farms by birders, or to offer them appropriate disinfection measures, and, if the threat is proven, to limit contact between wild and farmed birds by using appropriate fences or netting

Only one way to find out, but my feeling is no. The BSK mediums are often serum supplemented and fairly complex, so I'm unsure if you will have the support necessary for Borrelia growth.

it seems Hyalomma marginatum

I have no idea.

It is better to use ImageJ.

Dear Sergey V. Litvinov , you might try to contact people from the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS ( https://www.paru.cas.cz/). I know that several labs there are dealing with the related topics and definitely they are feeding ticks of Ixodes species on rabbits quite often so you might find some collaboration there.

Dear Jack Denur,

thank you for the detailed explanation of the gravitational force inside the spherical shell and pointing out that a non-zero gravitational attraction resolves the spherical-shell clock paradox in the GR. I have no objection. I would however like to state a warning. I am afraid that the community dealing with the GR, especially with the compact objects, would not accept any analysis based on a non-zero net force inside the shell. Other than the Minkowski metrics inside the shell is forbidden to be supposed in reality. I do not know a reason of this prohibition. The GR people however always claim that the metrics is the Minkowski metrics and net gravity in the shell, aside the center, is zero. (They do so despite the fact that this generates several problems; not only the spherical-shell clock paradox.)

There should have been a division by zero problem.

In our parasitology laboratory we detect the stages of egg and larva of ticks with a optic microscope and the nymph and adult stages of ticks with a stereomicroscope.

Dear Sabir Hussain ,

We use Qiagen blood and tissue kit. Key points you should consider are thorough washing of tick specimens (like three times washing in water each for 45 minutes), fine cutting and incubating with proteinase K for 24-36 hours on a shaking incubator.

Please refer to one of our publication: Exploring the prevalence and diversity of bovine ticks in five agro-ecological zones of Pakistan using phenetic and genetic tools

For detection of piroplasms, we use the famous 18S primers. Please refer to this publication:

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing and Informatics as an Effective Tool to Establish the Composition of Bovine Piroplasm Populations in Endemic Regions

Best wishes

Abdul

Thanks Vipul, can you share some references if you have any?

More details are needed.

What are the Lanes 2&3 indicating and what were the sample differences between these lanes and samples that stacked on top of the gel?

It seems that the authors pinpointed accurately the need for a low percentage resolving gel to let the protein diffuse along the gel to be resolved. What was the largest MW of the protein at your loading ladder and which MWs are being expected from your sample?

Emir

Thank you for sharing this Question

Use a small vacuum pump. Aspirate the ticks into the packet. Depending on the species, a few minutes in a refrigerator will slow them down. Hope this helps.

Mr. Zeb,

For qualitative analysis of peptides, I would recommend to use vibrational spectroscopy, if the number of the components of your peptide mixture is relatively small (ca. 5-15 peptides, depending on the complexity of their molecular structure.)

There should be used, however, a set of data-processing methods and techniques for treatment of the vibrational spectroscopic patterns.

Please, consider in this context work [1] and the reference section, therein.

Because of, the qualitative analysis by means of mass spectrometry of complex mixtures of peptides does not represent s so trivial task, in particular, when there is a set of peptides with homopeptide-fragment chains. Such derivatives produce a set of structurally similar in qualitative terms fragment ions. Such fragment ions can be assigned precisely only via our quantitative method as I have already written to you.

Thus, a selection of a ''unique'' peptide by mass spectrometry (including chromatography) is significant doubtful; even it can be rather speculative, if the molecular structures of the analytes are very complex from the perspective of the number and type of the amino acid residues.

[1] Spectroscopic and structural elucidation of amino acid derivatives and small peptides: experimental and theoretical tools

Tsonko Kolev, Michael Spiteller, Bojidarka Koleva

Amino Acids, 38, 45–50 (2010)

If you have decided to use this approach: Vibrational spectroscopy to qualitative study of peptides; and if you have any questions regarding the application of the different methods and techniques for data-processing of the spectroscopic patterns, please, do not hesitate to ask them, herein. I have a significant experience in vibrational spectroscopy of peptides, in addition to a developed, my-own method for 3D structural determination via linear polarized IR-spectroscopy.

I have noticed that this sometimes happens when one of the variables to be plotted is a string. Have you tried changing it to a numerical (ie, int, float) after you read from a file? Something like:

x_float = [float(xval) for xval in x]

It seems to be artifact in Figure (a).It so-called "double tip" occurs when the probe tip has more than one point in contact with the sample. This most often occurs when the tip breaks and leaves a jagged point. Therefore, you can change the cantilever and then repeat the measurement.

@ Aitor Garcia Vozmediano: Thank you. This is very informative, and helpful.

Victor J. Аdlucky Thank you

Hi Andrei, thank you for your suggestion, I will try to do that.

Hi Ushani

manipulating the specimens of ticks is best done after fixing them (e.g. Methacarn fixative), which prevents excessive shrinking and reduces the brittleness and is a good way to inactivate pathogens in field-collected specimens. After fixing they can be stored in ethanol/glycerol mix. To manipulate specimens under the microscope pinning them on a fine needle (entomology supply) makes life easier. A stereo microscope is the best tool to analyse the morphology at decent resolution.

Good luck!

Uwe

As Saurabh has said, you can't use a standard cDNA synthesis kit with random priming for qPCR of microRNAs. Think about the size of your miRNAs: they are only 21-25nt, so not much bigger than a primer, right? In order to do qPCR you need a template that is, at absolute minimum, large enough to place a forward and reverse primer on, so you need to use a reverse transcription strategy that makes miRNA-specific cDNA which is bigger than the miRNA to provide a binding site for a second primer.

How were the primer sequences you're using designed? If you got them from a paper, it's very likely that they are intended for miRNA cDNA made using stem-loop reverse transcription. The easiest way to understand this method is to google it and look at the diagrams that come up on Google Images. If this is the case, the paper probably also provides the sequences of the stem-loop primers that you will need to use for reverse transcription to capture the miRNAs you're interested in.

If you are using an elongation factor as a reference gene, you should not switch to an RNA extraction method that specifically isolates small RNA, because the mRNA for your elongation factor will not be present and your reference gene will not amplify. cT values between 26-30 are fine, and out to 35 might also be fine if you can identify a reason, for instance if you only input a small amount of RNA into the cDNA synthesis reaction.

Thanks a lot, but I was wandering.

Why we find the rickettsies only in the blood feeding arthropods and not else.

In ants or they didn't find'it yet.

Or they have a immunity.

Thank you

Take three decimal class range.

Following

It is apparent from your question that you are interested in observing any changes in the variable of interest after administering the intervention (participant watching the video). This is an experimental design where you are in need of a scale to measure your variable of interest.

The question on internal consistency of the questionnaire calls for a psychometric discussion, which is a different domain. If you are not evaluating the psychometric properties of your questionnaire following all the steps in scale validation, there is little point in checking Cronbach's alpha alone for the scale. Simply, obtain the achieved scores (sum of correct responses) before and after the intervention, employ paired tests.

If the variable of interest demands measurement viz validated tools, it is always advisable to use previously validated scales measuring the construct, if there are any. If there aren't any, then the question is do you want to develop one? If yes, follow the rigorous validation process.

Thank you all for your responses. They were really useful

I Agree With Mark Warnes

The problem was the crack version. restart of the origin pro 2019 and opening the same file shows correct results. OriginPro8.5 is good and this problem was not observed.

Early research indicates that a common test for COVID-19 may produce “false negatives” up to 30 percent of the time.Experts say the inaccuracies are probably caused by the collection of samples, not the actual laboratory testing.

The most common form of test used for COVID-19 is a molecular test known as a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.The notion is that this is a virus that likes to implant itself on the mucous membranes high up in the back of the throat behind the nose. Swab have to put , not at the front of the nose, but rather far back. We can have a false negative if you have very little virus up there or perhaps the specimen was taken inappropriately or It didn’t get up high enough to actually get to the place where the virus was located.

I agree with Bruce Weaver.

28S rRNA and beta-actin genes are usually the most stable genes and common in experiments.

few hours after his death

Stata has a destring command. Type help destring and it will guide you through it.

Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that constitute a major global health problem, with millions of human infections annually. Their pathogenesis ranges from mild illness to severe manifestations such as hemorrhagic fever and fatal encephalitis. Type I interferons (IFNs) are induced in response to viral infection and stimulate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including that encoding viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum associated, IFN inducible), which shows antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, including several flaviviruses. Here we describe a novel antiviral mechanism employed by viperin against two prominent flaviviruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Viperin was found to interact and colocalize with the structural proteins premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) of TBEV, as well as with nonstructural (NS) proteins NS2A, NS2B, and NS3. Interestingly, viperin expression reduced the NS3 protein level, and the stability of the other interacting viral proteins, but only in the presence of NS3. We also found that although viperin interacted with NS3 of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (ZIKV, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus), only ZIKV was sensitive to the antiviral effect of viperin. This sensitivity correlated with viperin's ability to induce proteasome-dependent degradation of NS3. ZIKV and TBEV replication was rescued completely when NS3 was overexpressed, suggesting that the viral NS3 is the specific target of viperin. In summary, we present here a novel antiviral mechanism of viperin that is selective for specific viruses in the genus Flavivirus, affording the possible availability of new drug targets that can be used for therapeutic intervention.

IMPORTANCE Flaviviruses are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause severe diseases in humans and animals worldwide, but no antiviral treatment is yet available. Viperin, a host protein produced in response to infection, effectively restricts the replication of several flaviviruses, but the exact molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here we have identified a novel mechanism employed by viperin to inhibit the replication of two flaviviruses: tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Viperin induced selective degradation via the proteasome of TBEV and ZIKV nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein, which is involved in several steps of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, viperin also reduced the stability of several other viral proteins in a NS3-dependent manner, suggesting a central role of NS3 in viperin's antiflavivirus activity. Taking the results together, our work shows important similarities and differences among the members of the genus Flavivirus and could lead to the possibility of therapeutic intervention.

SPSS can be used to create frequency and crosstabulation tables for user-defined "multiple response sets" . For a free trial see:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Best_data_analytical_method_for_multiple_choice_multiple_answers_question

yes you can isolate LSDV by SPF embryonated chicken. You may follow chicken pox virus isolation protocol for LSDV like CAM route.

A simple way to do that is - first to compute the parameters using perfcurv and then plot the outputs using

plot(false_positive_rate, true_positive_rate, '-*'), followed by

set(gca, 'FontSize', 12)

Other way is by running confusionmat program in MATLAB, and use its output to adjust the font size and other properties.

I hope that helps.

Good luck !

Sahil

Set up a gradient PCR (choosing a gradient from about 50 to 60 ) to determine the optimum annealing temperature for the primers. You should be able to get an optimum that eliminates non-specific bands

"Thus, the model covers a larger number of activities than the observable range of proper time covers. This is why the Hilbert Book Model supports a creator's view as well as an observer's view. The creator's view covers all activities. The perception of the modules is restricted to the observer's view. " Leunen, 2019.

This is true, dear Dr. Hans. I also think that the perception you explained above here of Hilbert model is true thus the many of its vital and dynamically changing details is workable . I think also that there is a beginning and an end to this time, but the idea of ​​"immortality" I think it belongs to other dimensions that is not mentioned in this model, althogh its directly keeps jumping to the mind.

Also, the kit I currently use says to let the elution buffer sit in the column for "up to 4 mins" which I take to mean that over 4 mins has diminishing returns.

I found one chapter (pl find enclosed), might be informative to you.

Best,

Why are you trying to perform a nested PCR. Are the bands in the first PCR weaks ? I think you should also reduce the amount of amplicons you are using in your secondary PCR. High amount of PCR might be an inhibitor of your nested PCR.

If you take the data as paired or not should follow from your experimental design. Is there any source of variance that acts on pairs of treated and control samples? For instance, one cell culture was grown, then splitted in two vials, one of which was treated. This gave the first pair of values. Then another, culture was grown independently, split, treated, measured. That would be the second pair etc.

Calculating individual ddCt values makes sense ONLY when you do have a pairing (and when it is given which two values are a pair). Then you would test if the mean of these ddCt values is zero, using a one-sample t-test, which the very same as using a paired-sample t-test on the two groups of dCt values.

If the data are not paired, then you would test the mean difference of the two samples of dCt values using a two-sample (independent-sample) t-test.

Dear Tomas,

I don't have enough skills for the moment because I began my PhD project in the last october. I will learn how to isolate viral clones from plaques with my PhD supervisor, Dr Houssam Attoui (@Houssam Attoui). I told him about your questions, you can contact him and he will answer to your questions with pleasure.

Best regards,

Camille

thank you for interest.yes I do.

You can check all the papers in your page and delate those not related to you.

Master mix

I've never experienced a (scotch) tape with a glue that can be dissolved in physiological saline. The back of the tape might disappear but leaving the glue and the tick still together.

Depends from prices.

Usually RT PCR kit cost for pathogens will be more expensive but it will give you best approach for detection of pathogens DNA without isolation of pathogen pure culture.

For detection by serum you need to perform isolation of pure culture of pathogen. As you know ticks are the vectors of several very harmful infections, isolation of cultures from ticks better to perform in Biosafety level 3 labs.

Hope this info will help you.

Good luck

Our TickPath LayerPlex qPCr is currently patent pending. We are offering this technology through the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Our goal is for a company to license the product so it can be commercialized. You can find details in the following link:

https://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests/tickpath-layerplex-qpcr/

We have used this technology with ticks, blood and tissues from both domestic animals as well as wildlife (dogs, horses, cattle, deer, coyotes, raccoon, opossums, different species of rodents and humans). The pathogens that we can detect are distributed in 3 layers: Borrelial, Rickettsial and Babesial. This includes Borrelia burgdorferi, relapsing fever borrelias, Ehrlichias, Anamplasma and Rickettsia and a panspecific Babesia.

I hope this can be of help! :)

it should not be a very big problem in my opinion, if the theoretical assumptions are true. Even the education level is quasi-ordinal, since you cannot go to university without GCSE (at least in most cases).

The most important part is that the assumptions are true, one of which is the chi-squared distribution on the calculated statistics. For that, the samples frequencies should be normally distributed, which is not so obvious and untestable with only 35 samples.

I personally think the questionaires are not well-designed. If a manager would answer NO on the first question, why would he answer NOT IMPORTANT on the third question then? Then the association is more-or-less artificially "forced".

Mohamed W. Negm

Dear Mohamed,

Thank you so much for your kind support. I will be happy to receive any related papers on tick species and their importance in diseases transmission in your country, Saudi Arabia, and even Japan, if you access the literature.

Take care my friend,

Ali