Thyroid - Science topic

Please take a look at clone H1.2F3.

PE anti-mouse CD69 Antibody

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery, Video-Thoracic Surgical Treatment of TB-Empyema

Zebrafish is a powerful model organism, particularly for understanding vertebrate development owing to its optical transparency in the early stages of development and the availability of new technologies for dissecting gene function. The study of the thyroid consists of a chain of events beginning with the morphogenesis of the gland and followed by maturation of the follicles, acquisition of functionality, and formation of the vascular network. These processes should be carefully characterized and documented in such a way that they can be accurately reproduced and standardized for cross-comparison of results coming from different experiments, mutant genotypes, and treatment conditions. Recent advances in imaging technologies permit detailed and sequential observation of even small-sized models like the zebrafish (Marelli et al., 2021).

Marelli, F., Rurale, G., & Persani, L. (2021). From Endoderm to Progenitors: An Update on the Early Steps of Thyroid Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish

Dear Rafal Z Slapa ,

Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence in the general population, and these incidental thyroid nodules are often referred for ultrasound (US) evaluation. US provides a safe and fast method of examination. It is sensitive for the detection of thyroid nodules, and suspicious features can be used to guide further investigation/management decisions. However, given the financial burden on the health service and unnecessary anxiety for patients, it is unrealistic to biopsy every thyroid nodule to confirm diagnosis.

Regards,

Shafagat

Also, if you're planning on administerng the 123I a few days before the actual therapy with 131I, it usually is the case that the uptake of iodine the first time, for dosimetry, might not be representative of the uptake a few days later, for treatment. Many factors, such as supression of medication to increase iodine uptake, diet changes and so forth contribute to that effect.

It can absolutely be done with ImageJ or FIJI or other softwares. Lots of people do it by drawing each cell which is very time consuming and needs to be done accurately. FIJI and ImageJ have plug-ins available online and one might be a good fit for you to semi-automate this process. I personally use a plugin that detects CSA automatically based on membrane staining in muscle. Check out their library to see if one could help you save time and increase reproducibility.

When staining for thyroid receptors in zebrafish, the use of detergents during the primary antibody incubation step can have both positive and negative effects on signal intensity and specificity. Triton X-100 is commonly used as a detergent to permeabilize cell membranes and allow antibodies to access intracellular targets. However, the inclusion of detergents during primary antibody incubation can also lead to non-specific binding or reduced antibody-antigen interaction, leading to weaker or inaccurate staining results.

In general, it is recommended to avoid the use of detergents during primary antibody incubation unless there is a specific reason to include them, such as if the antigen is intracellular and difficult to access without permeabilization. However, the specific antibody being used and the tissue or cell type being stained may also affect whether or not detergents should be included during primary antibody incubation. For example, some antibodies may require the presence of a detergent to effectively bind to their target antigen, while others may be sensitive to the presence of detergents and require exclusion during the primary antibody incubation step.

It is also worth noting that the concentration of detergent used can also affect staining results. Higher concentrations of detergent may lead to increased permeabilization and better access to intracellular targets, but may also increase non-specific binding and reduce signal specificity.

In summary, the use of detergents during primary antibody incubation in thyroid receptor staining in zebrafish should be approached with caution and optimized for each specific antibody and experimental condition. It may be necessary to test different protocols to determine the optimal conditions for your experiment. Consulting the literature or antibody manufacturer's recommendations can also be helpful in determining the best approach for your specific staining protocol.

I hope you don't mind this comment: I would like to suggest (if, of course, you have not already included it) that you include assessment of serum T3, serum reverse T3 and serum T3/rT3 ratio, as a parameter, in your calculations: you may find a consideration of the T3/rT3 helpful.

The thyroid set of thyroid function tests includes the TSH measurement by third-generation radioimmunometric assay, as well as the total and free thyroid hormones quantification. Free T4 (FT4)measurement is more valuable for diagnosing impaired thyroid function than total T4 because the free T4 fraction is not modified by factors that alter the thyroid hormone-binding proteins. Some laboratories also include free thriyodothyronine (FT3) as part of the thyroid function set. The usefulness of the set of thyroid function tests is to confirm whether the function of the thyroid gland and its relationship with the pituitary gland is normal or not, to investigate anomalies in the proteins transporting thyroid hormones, cases of tissue resistance to the thyroid hormones as well as tumors producing TSH. In the latter two cases, the TRH stimulation test is useful.

A thyroid function study can be done as a screening research study consisting of the quantification of TSH in the general population as a research tool to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction or in case of the presence of risk factors of thyroid dysfunction, such as first degree relative with altered thyroid function, pregnancy, type 1 diabetes mellitus and subjects over 60 years of age, among others. In these cases, it is only necessary to measure serum TSH hormone, since it is the most sensitive test to assess alteration of thyroid function, and perform free T4 and TSH measurement if the clinical data are very suggestive of thyroid dysfunction, which avoids duplication of studies, and medical consultations. The treatment in case of suspected low thyroid function with normal thyroid profile tests is not justified since the symptoms are non-specific.

How did you do sample disruption and homogenization before RNA extraction?

RAIS gamma camera

I agree

The guideline outlines testing for thyroid dysfunction in patients , including pregnant women or women planning pregnancy, and the monitoring of patients treated for primary thyroid function disorders. It does not apply to the BC Newborn Screening Program. This guideline outlines testing for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO).

Information on other tests, including thyroglobulin/antithyroglobulin (Tg/anti Tg) and antibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TRAb), are covered in the associated BC Guideline

To estimate a prevalence (P), the sample size is: n = z²PQ/u². With Q= 1-P, u = required precision, z = 1.96 for α = 5% . If several estimates of P are advanced, the one that generates the largest sample size is selected. At the same required precision and α error , the estimated sample size is the greater the closer P is to 50%. If we have no idea of P, we can adopt the most unfavourable situation where P = Q = 0.50. Hence: n = z²/4u². For example, for an required precision of 0.020 (2.0%), at risk 5%, the sample size to be taken is: n = 1.96² / (4 * 0.02²) = 2401.

These are the ganglionated plexuses of the heart which lie within the epicardial fat predominantly in the atria. You can also see the beginning of a nerve in "high zoom top.png". The individual cells are called ganglion cells. You can confirm using immunohistochemistry such as PGP9.5 or NSE.

Hello,

Thank you Hadi Jabbar Alagealy & Keyvan Tabaei for responding to my question.

I will try to explain myself better so you would get a clear idea of what I am trying to achieve.

I have sent you a message and I would be very glad if you responded.

You are welcome! I will try to find the proper articlre and send you .

Why not. Do you think you can copy my comments in your forum. I am in holliday now.

Thanks in advances.

take care

D. Bazin

Also check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507821/

Hello Kaled Nather Taha

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) enhance anti-tumour responses. ICIs may prompt the immune system to attack healthy organs causing adverse changes in the skin, GI tract and endocrine system. Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine side effect. The administration of ICIs may trigger T

cell-mediated pathways that induce subsequent thyroid dysfunction. PD-1 or PDL-1 blockage is likely to trigger pre-existing CD8+ T cell activation. For thyroiditis, the effect of anti-PD-1 and anti-PDL-1 agents could be more than anti-CTLA-4 agents.

Treg plays a role in the inhibitory effect through cell-cell contact and secreting a regulatory cytokine IL-10. The decrease of IL-10 may be related to increase in TPO antibody suggesting loss of Treg energy and development of thyroid irAEs. Studies have shown that CD4+ Th1 which express IFN gamma and IL-2 is increased and there is a decrease in G-CSF after anti-PD-1 treatment. G-CSF has a strong positive correlation with Th2 cytokine and could cause a decrease in Th2 cytokine activation indicating increased Th1 dominance in thyroid irAEs.

Whether NK cells and monocytes are involved in thyroid irAEs needs further investigation.

Best,

This seems like the comparative evaluation of two different ultrasound diagnostic methods against a gold standard of pathologic malignancy.. You should just compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive /negative predictive power of the two tests, bearing in mind that these are dependent on prevalence of the condition.

Power calculations are not necessary.

Alternatively,if you are interested in incidence of path malignancy in those scored positive by ultrasound 1 vs ultrasound 2. This is a comparison of two rates. For a given sample size you can calculate the power of detecting a given rate difference

or ratio at a given alpha significance level . Alternatively you can choose a sample size for required power. These calculations should be done before the study.

referenced stats program suite covers all of this.

Hello Liliana,

we are very experinsed in testing of PFAS for all kinds EDC mode of actions and espcially for the thyroid hormone axis with our anti-TR, TPO and TTR-TR CALUX. If you are further interested to cooperate with us, please let us zoom/TEAM soon. Greetings Peter (peter@bds.nl)

Also, atrophic thyroiditis is considered another variant of autoimmune thyroiditis. (The fourth one).

Dear Dr. Mikhail Shepetko,

Thank you for kind feedback. It's certainly useful to me. Again, you have shared your personal experience, that's impressive. Warm regards.

Sabuj Das

Before making a special test, it may be good to see the TSH levels are elevated after the administration of high levothyroxine doses, indicated because of the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. (To see if they are still inappropriately high). If not practiced before, and the TSH levels continue to be high a pituitary magnetic resonance would be useful. Also, the pathological study of thyroid tissue does not explain the cause of thyrotoxicosis.

Enough dosage of once daily L-Thyroxine to bring down TSH to normal range.

Freitag SK, Tanking T. A Nomenclature to Describe the Sequence of Visual Field Defects in Progressive Thyroid Eye Disease-Compressive Optic Neuropathy (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;213:293-305. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.005

Anoop Krishna Gupta if/when you don't know the sample size and the study population comprises of general public , the sample size is 384.

Please take a look at this useful link.

thank you for your answers everybody. Much appreciated

Please take a look at the following PDF attachment.

Pregnant Woman with sever hypothyroidism may be on risk of abortion, and if she don't the neonate may have a hypothyroidism and neonate should receive treatment to avoid neurological disorder caused by hypothyroidism.

This is called microchimerism, sometimes -if sustained until few months postpartum- detectable by the immune system leading to autoimmune disease.

Detection methods include -beside Y chromosome as said above- HLA typing.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41010039.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed

The thyroid is a small tissue part of the neck that surrounds the throat and trachea and is attached to a couple of thyroid glands that regulate calcium in the blood. It controls the metabolism of all cells in the body. When the thyroid gland has many health problems, such as lack or increase of hormones, it adversely affects the rest of the body. So, there have been many studies and recent scientific research that proved that the practice of yoga exercises regularly contribute greatly to the treatment of thyroid problems.

 

There is a new American study entitled (Yoga and its impact on thyroid activity) published by the site of Life proves that the practice of hot yoga regulates thyroid secretions. As many yoga movements and positions within hot yoga halls help greatly enhance thyroid functions.

 

Hot Yoga is one of the most famous body and soul sports established by Bikram Choudhary and developed hot yoga at temperatures ranging from 95 to 105 Fahrenheit and 40% humidity. These studies have shown the benefits of yoga to increase the secretion of thyroid hormones in the case of inactivity. The practice of yoga regularly able to flow blood to the neck area, which helps in the secretion of thyroid hormone.

 

June 21, 2014 The United Nations announced that this day is the day of universal yoga practice. Where it is one of the largest events in the world, especially in the State of India. Because yoga has been established for 5,000 years in India and is one of the most important Indian customs, traditions and cultures. It is also a distinctive sport that includes mind, body and spirit. It also helps to feel comfortable and relax and solve many health problems especially thyroid problems.

 

Medical studies in the field of natural remedies have confirmed that all patients with thyroid problems and lack of activity must exercise in yoga. The position of the camel and the status of cobra is one of the most important conditions in the sport of yoga to treat thyroid problems and regulate the hormones produced by this important gland. It tightens the muscles of the neck, shoulders and neck and prevents hyperthyroidism or infection.

 

As another study by Tanta University in Egypt has shown, "Thyroid hormone controls the weight," says Dr. Essam Alwan, consultant gastroenterologist and endocrinologist: "The thyroid gland is considered to be the master's glands. Therefore, the practice of yoga limits the high blood cholesterol level, which causes an increase in weight and obesity, and thus affect the hormones responsible for the thyroid gland and suffer many problems.

Rohan Aggarwal Proclin 300 is antimicrobial and prevents the growth. Since thyroid hormones are proteins they will require stabilizers to keep them stable. Also add a zwitterionic detergent like CHAPS.

I agree with Antonina Kokisheva that there is no information available in regards to the composition of commercially buffers. But buffers from CANDOR and Surmodics does give good stability.

You can try PBS buffer with Methionine(100-300mM), Lysine(100-300mM), NaCl(50-200mM), EDTA(1-10mM), 1 to 2 % glycerol, Proclin- (0.01-0.1%) (*I also use BSA in this composition but you can try using it without BSA)

Do share the results in terms of stability.

All the best.

Interesting discussion...Following

Depending the grade of Insulin resistante state in patient (Gut, Adipose, Liver, Muscular) and the optimal function of the Brain-Gut-Axis, the ethinilestradiol, the testosterone, the Dehydrotestosterone and The Progesterone in women, all of this (metilpregnenolone, ever...) hormones dinamic equilibrium, sum the acute cortisol and adrenaline activity, modulates the amygdalar reactivity and the memory process. In acute way, the central brain Insulin determinates the memory consolidation, with the Melatonin control (In acute form, the Insulin Melatonin Axis),

Dear Robin Dickinson:

I am sorry, but no, I do not have the answerto your problem.

ELISA is the best and safe technique for T3 and T4 determination.

@ Dr. Dhia Ahmed Taain

There is a association between thyroid disorders and diabetes because various genetic and physiological mechanisms that lead to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can also cause insulin resistance. This in turn prevents glucose from being utilized by the body, leading to diabetes. Please take a look at the following references.

Thanks!

Hi Frankie Yu ! For adult and postnal rats we use routinely use RIAs to quantify serum total T4 and T3 using coated tube kits from IVD Technologies (below - veterinary). We have in-house validated the total T4 kit with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and have found comparable results across the two methods. The sample volume is not too bad either (25 ul/rxn, 50 ul total for technical duplicates). Of course for total T3 and free T4 the serum concentrations can be low depending on the animal’s age and treatment, but we have found they are generally pretty reliable.

If we are concerned that some samples are below the lowest standard, we have made a few modifications that seem to work well in our hands for the total T4 kit. First, we diluted the lowest kit standard to make one more point for the standard curve, and then we also have doubled sample volume. We then adjust the quantified T4 given this doubled volume to determine the final concentration. We have found that when doing this the standard curve is still linear and doubling the rxn volume does not seem to affect the assay. However, this does not hold true with free T4 kit and we haven’t tried this with total T3 kit. But it is worth tryimg out if you think your samples may be difficult to quantify!

TSH is tricky and requires quite a bit of volume, and our colleagues prefer to quantify using a homemade RIA. Below is a paper that describes the method. Also, don’t forget to sample all animals early in the day (we do it before noon) because of the hormones’ diurnal cycle. I hope this helps and good luck! Please let me know if you have any questions.

http://ivdtechnologies.com/veterinary-ria-kits/

Dear RG members

thyroid dysfunction is heterogeneous and with mutifactorial etiology, you talk about nutritional deficiency in oligoelements but we have the autoimmune factor, which is the main one (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism = baseball disease and hashimoto). In case of thyroiditis of autoimmune the contribution of elements or oligoelements is not significant because of the genetic factor (DR3) many patients control the hormonal balance (TSH, T3 or T4)and they underestimated the autoimmune factor.

nevertheless taking Omega-3 Fish Oil. will positively activate the immune response and inhibit the effect of autoantibodies

BEST REGARDS

This is wander full q .... no it is not safe

Thanks anyway, but finally I got them from a colleague.

is this in humans?

Hi,

Do you still have the problem, can we help?

The license policy shouldn't be unfriendly. We're always glad to help as far as I know.

Dear, these are some of the thyroid markers.

TSH – The most common marker used to asses thyroid function and the most sensitive. This hormone is released by the pituitary when it gets the signal from the hypothalamus. TSH levels increase when T4 levels drop, and TSH decreases when T4 levels are elevated.  Sometimes this is the only marker your doctor will order.

T4 – This is the most prevalent form of thyroid hormone made by the thyroid gland. Levels of T4 in the blood act as the feedback loop for the brain and signal it to stop producing TSH. The vast majority of it is bound to carrier proteins. It is considered metabolically inactive, and must be converted to its active form to be used by cells to regulate metabolism. Typically the only other marker tested other than TSH.

T3 – The active thyroid hormone. If it is not directly made in the thyroid gland, then conversion takes place in the liver, kidney, and GI tract. The majority of T3 is bound to carrier proteins.  Once unbound, T3 acts directly on the cell nucleus to regulate the metabolism of that cell.

Free T4 – This is the unbound version of T4. This marker can be influenced by thyroid hormone replacement, chronic illness, as well as disorders that affect the amount of carrier proteins.

Free T3 – The unbound form of T3. This is the best marker to see what amount of active thyroid hormones are available for the cells. This can be effected by stress, thyroid disorders, and pregnancy.

Reverse T3 – This version of T3 is metabolically inactive. Reverse T3 is only typically produced in cases of extreme stress such as surgery or trauma. Chronic stress can also cause the production of Reverse T3, thereby masking the adrenal issue and looking like a dysfunctional thyroid.

T3 Uptake – This measures the number of sites for T3 to bind to for carrier proteins. These are the sites that allow T3 to be transported throughout the body to be used by cells that need it. This marker is influenced by sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.

Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) – This is the amount of proteins in the blood that carry thyroid hormones to the cells. This marker can be influenced by infections, liver dysfunction, HRT, birth control, steroids, prednisone, aspirin, and pregnancy.

TPO Antibodies – Most commonly marker elevated with autoimmune thyroid.  90% of thyroid issues are autoimmune related.  This marker is rarely tested since there is no pharmaceutical drug to fix the problem, only lifestyle.

Anti-thyroglobulin Antibodies – Not as commonly elevated with an autoimmune thyroid condition. During thyroid cancer treatment, this marker is routinely evaluated.

Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin – These antibodies are elevated with an autoimmune thyroid condition called Grave’s disease. This marker indicates a hyperthyroid state.

A well taken answer but may not prove effective in younger individuals always .Serum TSH levels are to be estimated before as well as during dose titration.

this program is available all the year round.

please send me e mail

i will give more information

There may be a defect in the composition of the elements that feedback between TSH and T4,T3

The cause may be indirect through the relationship of thyroid hormones and lipid Another side is lipid and insulin

Some minerals accumulate in the thyroid gland and that affecting on iodine, and that due hypothyroidism. in hilly and plain areas There is a difference in the nature of food, The iodine content in mountain food may be low, Coolness also requires high energy from the body to maintain temperature, this requires the action of the thyroid gland.

Hi, Afsana! The prosedure to my mind is correct. What is the retio of acetone : infranatant? Do you have any problem with the analysis? What is the recovery of the analytes?

Concerning ELISA the problen is not a sensitivity but a selectivity and as a result false positive results.

The MABC-2-list provides norms only for the 6-12y old children. The DCD questionnaire 5-15y. 

It depends a bit on what you are looking for, because both questionnaires are mainly directed towards identification (screening) of coordination difficulties with impact on ADL activities. So, in my opinion, neither of the proposed instruments will identify 'subtle' motor problems. Moreover, in general, there is only a moderate agreement between questionnaires and more objective standardized motor assessment instruments. But then again, you will need an experienced therapist to conduct the assessments and it will be more time-consuming.

I believe the link below is an interesting article, concerning questionnaires in DCD research. 

try using FACS - Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS):  for cell counting. It can even sort your cells if you can mark the thyroid cells with a fluorescent marker

Kindly check UpToDate.com

Overview of thyroid disease in pregnancy

Author:

Douglas S Ross, MD

Section Editors:

David S Cooper, MD

Charles J Lockwood, MD, MHCM

Deputy Editor:

Jean E Mulder, MD

Contributor Disclosures

All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.

Literature review current through: Aug 2016. | This topic last updated: Nov 30, 2015.

Thank You.

Iodine deficiency is not well correlated with hypothyroidism. In areas of iodine deficiency the prevalence of hypothyroidism is somewhat lower than in areas of iodine suficiency. 

Iodine deficiency is mostly correlated with nodular goiter. In areas of ID the prevalence of nodular goiter is higher. But goiter is symptomatic only when it is large. Small goiters are usualy asymptomatic. So you can not use a questionare for ID symptoms.

The best indicator of iodine deficiency is daily exretion of iodine in 24 h urine.

Mos commonly used are the carbon nanotube biosensors besides graphene bat sed elctrochemical sensors  can be used in critical situations combining these with microfluidic platforms   helps to get a bedside  realtime,and very litle volume of sample consumed,l and beta receptor detectionphabesides bacterial sensors used for thyroid aBesides luminol based chemiluminiscence can be used.

Yes, also in my experience you can have high Anti-TPO levels while FT3 ,FT4 and TSH level are in range. This situation represents a risk for hypothyroidism.

About 95% of thyroid hormone is bound to plasma proteins - thyroid binding globulin (TBG), constituting 'total thyroid hormone'. The remainder, approximately 5%, is 'free' in the circulation and therefore metabolically active. It's worth noting that T4 is a pro-hormone, which is converted into T3 by 5'-iodinase. T3 has a higher metabolic activity than T4, but has a shorter half-life. Taking this into account, I would say free T4 (FT4) is a good assessment of thyroid hormone levels. It would also be worth testing FT3, given that there can be issues in the conversion of T4 to T3. It may also be worth testing for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which if elevated, along with a depressed FT4 result, is indicative of hypothyroidism. Here's some more information: http://labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/analytes/tsh/tab/test/. Hope that's helpful!

This is a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and primary hypothyroidism . If TSH increases despite adequate thyroxin (2 yg/kg/daily) medication, you should consider non-compliance of the paptien or malabsorbion due to celiac disease which is often associated with Hashimoto`s disease ( Poliglandular Syndrome II/III)

Dear Jamshid;

Thank you so much for putting forward this interesting question. You concern about underestimation of PTMC risk is quite real in children.

1- PTC microcarcinoma is rapidly increasing in the world mainly due to availability of high resolution ultrasonography and density of endocrinologists! Children is not away from this inadvertent screenings. Ito et al from Japan showed in prospective study of >1200 patients with PTMC that surgery should not be offered to >90% of these patients. Interestingly in that report, younger patients (<40 yrs) had more chance to have progression of disease compared to  others. this is concordant with the finding that the higher the age of the patients, the higher the risk of developing thyroid nodule and PTC. So we may conclude that PMTC has more chance of progression in children than older patients.

2- Multifocality, lymphnode metastases and distant metastases is nearly two times higher in children than older patients. This finding again emphasis on more scrutiny in children in PTMC.

3-Actually TNM classification is very limited role in pediatric patients, as all patients would be categorized as stage I or II (in case of distant metastasis). Further more TNM staging is designed for prediction of death which is extremely rare in this patients. So risk stratification aimed for prediction of risk of recurrence or persistent disease is much more useful in these patients. In my own experience, first Tg( Thyroglobulin measured 6 weeks after surgery and before radio-ioidne therapy) is the most reliable predictor of recurrence or therapy failure in these patients. So I do not rely on size and I prefer to look at the neck by ultrasonography and check first Tg  and Anti-Tg Ab in off T4 state in all pediatric patients with PTC before considering it as a real PTMC,

With best regards

thank you sir,

data set available Uci depends on blood sample report

I required data from thermal image

Why to do this dr khaled where the risk of malignancy is 5 to 15 % only ?!! Frozen section isnot reliable in such cases 

Dear Dr Tan

I suggest to read this paper:

Mod Pathol. 2016 Apr 22. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.65. [Epub ahead of print]

Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A name change to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features would help prevent overtreatment.

Thompson LD1.

Author information

Abstract

Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a common thyroid gland cancer, with a highly indolent behavior. Recently, reclassification as a non-malignant neoplasm has been proposed. There is no comprehensive, community hospital based longitudinal evaluation of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma were identified in a review of all thyroid gland surgeries performed in 2002 within the Southern California Permanente Medical Group. All histology slides were reviewed and follow-up obtained. Seventy-five women and nineteen men, aged 20-80 years (mean 45.6 years), had a single (n=61), multiple (same lobe; n=20), or bilateral (n=13) tumor(s), ranging in size from 0.7 to 9.5 cm in diameter (mean 3.3 cm). Histologically, all cases demonstrated a well-formed tumor capsule, with capsular and/or lymphovascular invasion in 17 and no invasion in 77 cases. Lymph node metastases were not identified. The tumors had a follicular architecture, without necrosis or >3 mitoses/10 high-power fields (HPFs). Classical papillary thyroid carcinoma nuclear features were seen in at least three HPFs per 3 mm of tumor diameter, including enlarged, elongated, crowded, and overlapping nuclei, irregular nuclear contours, nuclear grooves, and nuclear chromatin clearing. Lobectomy alone (n=41), thyroidectomy alone (n=34), or completion thyroidectomy (n=19) was the initial treatment combined with post-op radioablative iodine in 25 patients. All patients were without evidence of disease after a median follow-up of 11.8 years. Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma showed benign behavior, supporting conservative surgery alone and reclassification of these tumors to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP).Modern Pathology advance online publication, 22 April 2016; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2016.65.

an interesting and new aspect is the fact that both the coorelato ? FSH and TSH have a common second Myo - inositol dependent messenger. The increase in FSH typical of menopause could lead to a thyroid functional impairment related to a epimerase action induced .

There is a NaI-based scintillation dose rate meter (Model  SCINTO Thyroid) available from SEA, Germany. The detector is of spherical shape, suitable for the neck region covering the thyroid area very well. The technical pamphlet of the manufacturer gives a table showing estimation of expected thyroid dose for various measured doses (uSv/hr) for adults and children. Reference is provided for dose calculation.

For theoretical estimation of thyroid dose, a text book on Nuclear Medicing may be consulted.

Is this helpful? 

Hi Isabelle,

I did my PhD thesis working with reconstituted thyroid follicles. A lot of info you can find in my three first author papers but I would be happy share my experience too ;!

Is there something specific you wonder or have questions about?

Kind regards Camilla

Dear Dr Wajahat

i suggest to read this paper and abstract

Send to:

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015 Oct;13(10):991-9. doi: 10.1111/ddg.12781.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in dermatology.

Mavrogiorgou P1, Bader A2, Stockfleth E2, Juckel G1.

Author information

Abstract

Patients with obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and related disorders - primarily trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and skin picking disorder - frequently present to dermatologists due to associated hair and skin symptoms. It is therefore crucial that dermatologists be familiar with these disorders. In this review article, we provide an update on clinical features, neurobiology factors, and treatment options for OCD spectrum disorders. Employing PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, a selective literature search was conducted using keywords related to dermatological disorders within the OCD spectrum. OCD and its related disorders share several phenomenological as well as pathophysiological similarities, thus warranting their classification within a separate nosological category of psychiatric disorders. Another similarity of OCD spectrum disorders is the frequent concurrence of hair and skin diseases. Besides symptomatic dermatological treatment, the combination of psychotherapy (behavioral therapy) and psychopharmacotherapy (SSRIs) may be helpful. Although recent insights into OCD have contributed to a better understanding and treatment thereof, more research is required, especially with respect to OCD spectrum disorders, for which large controlled treatment studies are still lacking.

© 2015 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Thanks, This topic is not in my research area,

Hi,

I suggest you to check Barbara Demeneix on NCBI-PubMed. You may also be interested for this link.

Good Luck!

Naftali Stern

Thank you very much for your detailed reply.

lymph node is described: sharply hypoechoic, nonhomogenic structure.

here are US images.

Many tumor suppressor genes are expressed in cancer cells (except deletions), but they are inactivated by multiple mechanisms such as phosphorylation, Ubiquitinations, protein interaction mediated sequestration and so on. I am not sure why you refer dominant negatives here.

I think the best are immunoradiometric methods, , but labs use chemioluminiscence techniques.

Controversy exist in this issue until large randomized trials with long term follow up was done. The dormancy of thyroid cancer makes work on this issue very difficult. You may have recurrences even 35 years after initial therapy. Anyhow, the proponents of 30mCi emphasis on complications of radio-iodine(adverse effect on salivary gland, lacrimal gland,...), radiation burden, admission costs to the patients and absence of superiority of 100mCi which is shown in the two well known published trials by Schlumberger and Mallick in NEJM. The opponents of 30mCi on the other hand, mainly emphasis on the short term follow up of those studies as well as absence of well controlled studies about complications of I-131. A meta-analysis in 2012 (ANTONIS VALACHIS, Acta Oncologica, 2012) showed that successful ablation is not different between 30 and 100 mCi, while complications are significantly higher in high dose group. ION study which is undergoing, compares iodine administration versus no Iodine in low and low to intermediate risk patients. We should wait for its results that is expected to be published next year.

I treat all patients with low risk(ATA classification) with 30mCi. Also we are running a randomized trial in intermediate risk patients comparing 30mCi Vs 150 mCi ( Young T2 N1 and T3N0 with low fTg and noninvasive histology).

I do not use WBS routinely, I rely on Tg and high resolution USG

If anti tg level is rising, yes.

In some patients with undifferentiated PTC, yes. (eg. at first presentation, WBIS showed LN or distant metastasis with ,low tg level. So, in this patient follow up: tg level is not reliable.)