Thin Films - Science topic

Understanding the effect of gangue elements is of critical importance to optimize the efficiency of hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ore, as one of the key steps towards climate-neutral steel production. Here, we demonstrate on the example of Si-doped Fe2O3 , how thin films can be effectively utilized as a model system to facilitate s...

Conference Announcement

Sb 2 (S， Se) 3) 薄膜太阳电池因其制备方法简单、 原材料丰富且低毒、 性能稳定等本征优势成为研究 热点。目前 Sb 2 (S， Se) 3 太阳电池最高效率已超过 10%， 显示出产业化潜力。Sb 2 (S， Se) 3 太阳电池的研究重点是提高 吸光层质量和优化器件结构。首先， 系统介绍了 Sb 2 (S， Se) 3 薄膜的主流生长工艺； 其次， 对 Sb 2 (S， Se) 3 太阳电池各功 能层选择和渐变带隙结构设计进行分析； 最后， 对 Sb 2 (S， Se) 3 太阳电池的大面积制备和其在锑基多结叠层太阳电池 中的应用潜力做了进一步展望， 为其产业化发展提供可行性参考。 关 键 词： 硫硒化锑太阳电池； 制备方法； 载流子传输层； 渐变带隙 中图分类号： TM91...

During the steelmaking process, a great amount of slag is generated as a by-product. Vanadium-bearing steelmaking slags are classified as hazardous and require special handling and storage due to the toxicity of vanadium pentoxides. At the same time, such slags are valuable sources for the recovery of vanadium. The present work reviews the investig...

The effect of precursor ratio and sulfur-source to substrate distance on the growth of vertically aligned nanostructured (vertical) MoS2 thin films by single-step chemical vapor deposition technique is reported here. The growth parameters such as temperature, Mo:S ratio, growth time, and sulfur-source to substrate distance were varied systematicall...

The Smart CutTM process offers an advantageous opportunity to provide a large number of performance-improved SiC substrates for power electronics. The crystalline quality and the electrical activation of the 4H-SiC transferred layer are then at stake when it comes to the power device reliability. In this study, we find that the H ⁺ ion implantation...

We investigate the structural and transport properties of vacancy-ordered monoclinic superconducting $\mathrm{TiO}$ thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The evolution of the crystal structure during growth is monitored by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Long-range ordering of Ti and O vacancies in the disordered cubic phase leads to t...

The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (known as PEDOT) is routinely fabricated into doped thin films for investigation of its inherent properties as well as for a range of applications. Fabrication of PEDOT is often achieved via oxidative polymerisation, where the conducting polymer is polymerised and doped (oxidised) to yield a c...

Recently, particular attention has been given to the material of Superconducting films because of its exceptional electrical and optical properties. In this work, HgSr2 Can-1CunOδ+10, (n = 1, 2 and 3) .Thin Films Superconducting have been prepared by two-step process bulk and thin film. The optical properties were calculated absorption, transmissio...

In the machining process, it is difficult to solve problems due to the relationship between productivity and quality, for example, as the productivity increases, the quality of reprocessing may decrease. Some methods only address specific objectives, such as the quality of the machining method, the machining productivity, the quality, or even the c...

Motivated by the discovery of the anomalous metal state in thin film systems and suggestions that coexistence of superconducting and metallic components is crucial to the formation of the state, we study in this paper a model of mixed metallic and superconducting grains coupled by electron tunneling - the metallic grains are expected to become supe...

A review of the methods and results of atomistic modeling of the deposition of thin optical films and a calculation of their characteristics is presented. The simulation of various processes in a vacuum chamber, including target sputtering and the formation of film layers, is considered. Methods for calculating the structural, mechanical, optical,...

The results of measuring the capacity of a thin-film solid-state lithium-ion battery (SSLIB) Ti|Si@O@Al|LiPON|LiCoO2|Ti at different charge currents are reported. It is shown that the dependence of the capacity on the current density follows the Peukert's law, which is characterized by a low value of the Peukert’s exponent in the region of low curr...

We attempt to estimate the spatial distribution of heterogeneous physical parameters involved in the formation of magnetic domain patterns of polycrystalline thin films by using convolutional neural networks. We propose a method to obtain a spatial map of physical parameters by estimating the parameters from patterns within a small subregion window...

Thin films of V2O5:Co nanocomposite were deposited by the thermal deposition method. Structural analyses show that all the samples had single orthorhombic phase of α-V2O5:Co. In addition, doping V2O5 with Co caused to the slightly shift of XRD peak positions to the lower angles which is due to the increase of interatomic distances. The nanoparticle...

Due to the highly viscous characteristics of high viscosity modified bitumen (HVMB), the commonly used short-term aging schemes are not suitable for it. As such, the objective of this study is to introduce a suitable short-term aging scheme for HVMB by increasing the aging period and temperature. For this purpose, two kinds of commercial HVMB were...

p>In this work, a thorough assessment of the robustness of complementary channel HfO2 ferroelectric FET (FeFET) against total ionizing dose (TID) radiation is conducted, with the goal of determining its suitability for use as high-performance and energy-efficient embedded nonvolatile memory (eNVM) for space applications. We demonstrate that: i) fer...

Dimension‐reduction homogenization results for thin films have been obtained under hypotheses of periodicity or almost periodicity of the energies in the directions of the mid‐plane of the film. In this note, we consider thin films, obtained as sections of a periodic medium with a mid‐plane that may be incommensurate, that is, not containing period...

p>In this work, a thorough assessment of the robustness of complementary channel HfO2 ferroelectric FET (FeFET) against total ionizing dose (TID) radiation is conducted, with the goal of determining its suitability for use as high-performance and energy-efficient embedded nonvolatile memory (eNVM) for space applications. We demonstrate that: i) fer...

We demonstrate nonreciprocal critical current in 65 nm thick polycrystalline and epitaxial Nb thin films patterned into tracks. The nonreciprocal behavior gives a supercurrent diode effect, where the current passed in one direction is a supercurrent and the other direction is a normal state (resistive) current. We attribute fabrication artifacts to...

Tetrahedrally-bonded III-N and related alloys are useful for a wide range of applications, from optoelectronics to dielectric electromechanics. Heterostructural AlN-based alloys offer unique properties for piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, and other emerging applications. Atomic-scale point defects and impurities can strongly affect the functional pr...

With photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite-based solar cells skyrocketing to approximately 26% and approaching the theoretical Shockley–Queisser limit of single junction solar cells, researchers are now exploring multi-junction tandem solar cells that use perovskite materials to achieve high efficiency next-generation photovoltaics. V...

The thermal response time of a thin-film resistance temperature detector (RTD) array sensor was measured for a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) phantom. As the temperature inside materials change rapidly within several seconds, it is important to have a temperature sensor with a fast response time to evaluate their performance. However, pre...

Deep learning-based methods have recently been established as fast and accurate surrogate simulators for optical multilayer thin film structures. However, existing methods only work for limited types of structures with different material arrangements, preventing their applications towards diverse and universal structures. Here, we propose the Opto-...

In this work , CdSe x S 1-x thin films at x equal to (0 , 0.4 , 0.8 & 1) , with thickness (0.5)µm , had been prepared by thermal evaporation method on glass substrates at RT. These films were then annealed under low pressureof (10-2) mbar at & 373) 473)K for one hour. XRD investigations showed that all the films were polycrystalline in nature and h...

The enhanced piezoelectric properties of aluminum scandium nitride (Al1−xScxN or AlScN) were discovered in 2009 by Morito Akiyama’s team [...]

First, two new cellulose derivatives (Cel35DC and CelPC) were synthesized, and the synthesized cellulose derivatives were characterized by FTIR and ¹³C CP-MAS NMR spectra. Next, three different diodes (Al/cellulose/p-Si, Al/Cel35DC/p-Si, and Al/CelPC/p-Si) were made. After, the AFM images of spin-coated thin films were taken. Then, the current–volt...

3d-2d$ dimensional reduction for hyperelastic thin films modeled through energies with point dependent growth, assuming that the sample is clamped on the lateral boundary, is performed in the framework of $\Gamma$-convergence. Integral representation results, with a more regular lagrangian related to the original energy density, are provided for th...

Superconductivity in the family of spinel oxides is very rare owing to their robust Mott-insulating nature. About half a century ago, LiTi2O4 became the first reported spinel compound to show superconductivity with a 12 K transition temperature. Since then, several unsuccessful attempts were made to enhance the Tc of this family of materials. Howev...

The objective was to conduct a prospective, randomized study to compare mesenteric portovenogram findings following partial polypropylene suture versus thin film band extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation in dogs. Dogs with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts that could not tolerate complete acute shunt closure received a partial attenuation w...

ABSTACT: This Paper represents the study of Strengthening of RC beam structures by using basalt chopped strands fiber and Foundry Sand concrete. For this research work, Total 8 nos. of beams can be taken. The fiber is added to the concrete for various proportions of (ie., 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%,1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%,)and foundry sand at a proportion of 0%, 20%...

Laser beam quality is a key parameter for both industry and science. However, the most common measure, the M2 parameter, requires numerous intensity spatial-profiles for its determination. This is particularly inconvenient for modelling the impact of photonic devices on M2, such as metalenses and thin-film stacks, since models typically output a si...

This study determines Lie point symmetries for differential equations that mathematically express a time-dependent thin film fluid flow with internal heating and thermal radiation to construct invariants. These invariants are used in the derivation of similarity transformations for reducing the flow equations into systems of equations that possess...

Near space environment is the airspace at 20–100 km, where complex conditions such as low temperature, low pressure, high wind speed, and solar radiation exist. Temperature, as one of the most important meteorological parameters, is crucial for space activities. However, the accuracy of traditional temperature sensors is low, and the influence of c...

Surface morphologies, light harvesting abilities, crystal structures, and excitonic properties of the formamiminium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) based alloy perovskite thin films were investigated by using the scanning electron microscopic images, absorbance spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved PL decayin...

In this article, the endurance characteristic of the TiN/HZO/TiN capacitor was improved by the laminated structure of a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film. Altering the HZO deposition ratio, the laminated-structure interlayer was formed in the middle of the HZO film. Although small remanent polarization reduction was observed in the capacitor wit...

Ablation of multi-elemental materials by nanosecond lasers is often used to deposit oxide thin films. Understanding the ablation plume dynamics is of utmost importance to gain a detailed insight into thin films growth of materials with a complex composition. In this study, the plume expansion dynamics of several compound materials (AuCu, La0.33Ca0....

The stochastic thin-film equation with mobility exponent $n\in [\frac{8}{3},3)$ on the one-dimensional torus with multiplicative Stratonovich noise is considered. We show that martingale solutions exist for non-negative initial values. This advances on existing results in three aspects: (1) Non-quadratic mobility with not necessarily strictly posit...

Ferroelectric polarization switching is one common example of a process that occurs via nucleation and growth, and understanding switching kinetics is crucial for applications such as ferroelectric memory. Here we describe and interpret anomalous switching dynamics in the wurtzite-structured nitride thin film ferroelectrics Al0.7Sc0.3N and Al0.94B0...

The shallow water equations describe the horizontal flow of a thin layer of fluid with varying height. We show that the equations can be rewritten as a d=2+1 d = 2 + 1 dimensional Abelian gauge theory. The magnetic field corresponds to the conserved height of the fluid, while the electric charge corresponds to the conserved vorticity. In a certain...

In this work, thin-film based 4-layered (NiO-YSZ, NiO-ScCeSZ, ScCeSZ, and GDC) anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a large-area (12cm × 12 cm) is fabricated by sequential co-lamination and GDC cofiring process to improve the cell durability. This results in a highly dense electrolyte (5–6 μm) and buffer layer (2–3 μm) on the porous an...

The article discusses the study of the kinetics of membrane filtration of NaCl solutions containing additives of a sulfite solution with sodium lignosulfonate (Na-LS). The mechanism of the effect of lignosulfonate on the process is revealed through cellulose acetate membranes of various densities. The main reason for improving the individual charac...

Ion-beam irradiation of an amorphizable material such as Si or Ge may lead to spontaneous pattern formation, rather than flat surfaces, for irradiation beyond some critical angle against the surface normal. It is observed experimentally that this critical angle varies according to many factors, including beam energy, ion species and target material...

Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) performance deteriorates in humid air, with permanent and/or reversible degradation of its components. Plasma operation in a humid environment is unavoidable when humid air or water-containing materials are treated. Experimental and numerical results indicate that an electrically conductive thin film of wa...

HfO2-based ferroelectric (FE-HfO2) thin films have aroused great interests of miniaturizing the integrated ferroelectric devices in the past decade. To construct the scaling rules of the devices, it is necessary to evaluate the scaling laws on several performance aspects of FE-HfO2 simultaneously. We present a systematic study of thickness scaling...

A methodology for determining the Poisson’s ratio (ν) of Au films with nanometric thicknesses is proposed. Au films with thicknesses of 10, 20, and 40 nm were thermally evaporated onto polyimide substrates (Kapton® 300HN) and electrodes were attached for the electrical measurements. The thermal coefficient of resistance of the Au films was estimate...

h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Enhanced electrochemical performance of large area cells with sputtered CGO barrier layer tested in 6-cells short stacks. Evaluation of the barrier layer thickness gradient influence on the final performance of the cells. 3000 h long degradation test of sputtered CGO barrier layer cells showed o...

In this paper, AgInSe2 absorber-based n-In2S3/p-AgInSe2/p + -MoS2 heterojunction thin film solar device has numerically been explored with the help of SCAPS-1D software. The major focus of this numerical study is to inquiry the performances of the purported solar cell and hence unearth the highest efficiency of the AgInSe2 (AISe) solar cell. Herein...

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Channel bandwidth-limited high-speed links or interfaces make circuit solutions not efficient. Both recent and subsequent links (SerDes-Serializer/Deserializer) design demand efficient and effective coupling between future circuit design, communication, and optimization. The challenges vary and new solutions are needed. In this article, an analytic...

Azopolymers are efficient photoanisotropic materials and for this reason are commonly used for inscription of polarization-selective diffraction gratings by polarization holography. More often however, the characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) gratings are studied. Here, we present real time diffraction efficiency kinetics and polarization proper...

This research deals with the effect of gallium oxide and cerium oxide as dopants on the structural and optical characteristics of tin oxide. Gallium and cerium oxide doped tin oxide was prepared with different doping concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) wt. pure and doped tin oxide thin films were prepared by the pulsed laser deposition techniqu...