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Dear Colleagues,
The focus of the Special Issue, "Sustainable Development of Textile Engineering Materials," is to spotlight practical and innovative strategies within textile engineering that contribute significantly to sustainability. The scope includes, but is not limited to, the following: Smart Textiles: featuring advancements in textiles embedded with technology for applications in health monitoring, responsive clothing, and environmental sensing; Recycling Technologies: highlighting breakthroughs in textile recycling methods, including mechanical and chemical processes that contribute to the creation of a circular economy; Low-Impact Finishing Processes: exploring sustainable finishing techniques that minimize environmental impact; Eco-friendly and Biodegradable Materials: showcasing the development and application of textiles that address end-of-life concerns and contribute to reducing environmental waste; Energy-Efficient Production Processes: showcasing advancements in energy-efficient manufacturing processes, including optimized machinery and renewable energy integration, etc.
As an Editor-in-Chief I encourage you to contribute a research or comprehensive review article for consideration for publication in Sustainability, an international Open Access journal which provides an advanced forum for research findings in areas related to sustainability and sustainable development. Sustainability publishes original research articles, review articles and communications. I am confident you will find the journal contributes to enhancing understanding of sustainability and fostering initiatives and applications of sustainability-based measures and activities.
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Yes, Open Access publishing is applied. Please, visit the journal link for Article processing Charges.
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Keywords
  • sustainable textiles
  • eco-friendly textiles
  • circular design
  • recycling technologies
  • green manufacturing
  • biodegradable materials
  • smart textiles
  • low-impact finishing
  • circular economy
  • materials science
  • environmental impact
  • human–textiles interaction
  • social responsibility
  • innovation in textile engineering
  • circular design principles
  • textile recycling
  • ethical manufacturing
  • life cycle assessment
  • renewable materials
  • sustainable fashion
This special issue is now open for submission.
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Happy New Year to you as well!
All the best, AM.
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I wish to know any place, research lab, institute in India where work has been done on development of 3D fabric's used in composite applications?
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WE HAVE DEVELOPED 3-D WEAVING MACHINES AND 3-D WOVEN PREFORMS.
CONTACT- SHARAD N . KALE, KALE TEXNIQUE,
info@kaletexnique.com, M- 9423003026
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I need to test tensile properties of woven bidirectionally woven fiber which will be used to prepare composites. How do I measure the tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) of it ? There is a standard for tear strength D5587 − 15 that measures tear strength of partially torn fabric. But this cannot be related to tensile strength since tensile strength is actually stress that can be handled to resist yield or fracture (MPa). Tear strength is actually force needed to completely tear a already torn fabric. So, please let me know the suitable standard to measure tensile strength.
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ASTM D3039. It's preferred to test the sample in both warp and weft directions but in the interest of time and to save the sample cost, you can test in only one direction (in the case of plain weave only) as you will get the same results.
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Dear colleagues,
I would like to request your collaboration to take part in the survey, available at the links: (EN): https://lnkd.in/djVdWne (IT): https://lnkd.in/dnvK3eJ (PT-BR): https://lnkd.in/dVGWmHv This questionnaire is part of the project aiming to analyze the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, comparing developed and developing countries, at a macro level (nations, regions, cities). The project is a partnership between the University of Brasilia (Brazil), coordinated by Professor Patricia Guarnieri and the University of Bologna (Italy), coordinated by Professor Augusto Bianchini.
Your participation is very important to us. Please share with your network! Sincerely,
Patricia Guarnieri, Dr. Professor and Researcher Faculty of Economics, Business Administration, Accounting and Public Policies Management (FACE/UnB) - http://www.adm.unb.br/ University of Brasilia - UnB -  http://www.unb.br/ ORCID : http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-5348
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The transition to a circular economy is not uniform and varies depending on a series of factors such as the degree of industrialization, the level of technological development, the availability of qualified human resources and access to financing, among others.
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The wetting agent is used in the textile industry during the pretreatment process of Dyeing in order to improve the absorbancy of chemicals & dyestuff.
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Alfred Vuin Thank you but Surfynol 420 isn't water-soluble.
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I am using enzymatic desizing process. after that Using Sodium Percarbonate for scouring and bleaching. Cotton fabric is gets white but still tegawa rating is poor.
I am Looking for suggestion for easy method of desizing. Share your opinion.
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Enzymatic desizing can achieve effectively all types of starches from textiles and at workable temp. range.
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I read the following passage in a book:
"The detection of surfactants on fabrics requires extraction of the surfactants
from the fabric sample. First, agitate a fabric sample in water at a low liquor
ratio (<1 : 20) overnight at room temperature, then remove the sample and
concentrate the solution containing surfactants for testing using the following
methods at room temperature..."
What do they mean by "liquor ratio"?
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It is known as material liquor ratio MLR. When any wet processing is done in the textile industry fiber/yarn or fabric is worked/agitated in a volume of liquid. This has to be taken as a ratio; all additives (dyes/ auxiliaries /chemicals) that have to be added for the process will be based on the MLR.
In the text quoted, it reads that the ratio is (less than) 1: 20 which means 1kg of material requires 20 liters of water/liquid.
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Between depth of colour (K/S), DE_cmc and invidual L*CH (lightness, chroma, hue) parameters of a dyed fabric, which one would give best estimate of whether one sample has greater/lower dye fixation than another?
Here fixation would refer to how much dye has reactively bonded with the cellulose (as against dye uptake which refers to how much dye has diffused to the cellulose in total, bonded+non-bonded)
I am specifically looking at reactive dyeing, but other methods used with other dyeing techniques would also be of great help!
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For your case, it's better to use the K/S ratio.
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I want to know about some journal which publication has no Fees in Springer or Elsevier in related to Textile Engineering or Others .
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Dear Md. Dulal Hosen,
Journal of Textile Institute and Journal of Natural Fibers are published by Taylor and Francis, without publication charge.
Fibers and Polymers is published by Springer, without publication charge.
Coloration Technology, By Wiley, without publication charge.
Dyes and Pigments, By Elsevier, without publication charge.
Journal of Industrial Textiles, Published by Sage, , without publication charge.
Textile Research Journal, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, AUTEX Research Journal, and Industria Textila are journals which need publication charges.
I hope it will be useful for you.
Best Regards,
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ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING WITH TEXTILES-DIFFERENT EMI SHIELDING CONDUCTIVE FILLERS OF METALLIC PARTICLES ON TEXTILE STRUCTURES
This is my current research
I s implement any novelty Ideas
Given to me
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Good afternoon, colleague!
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Desizing efficiency is defined by the difference in amount of starch present and after desizing process by 42% perchloric acid.Anyone have that protocol?
The starch was determined using the sample is treated with perchloric acid and the resulting mixture was estimated using anthrone method. Is it correct one ? In this method it is estimated starch only or  cellulose also which is present in the cotton?
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Do you Know about Nano Graphene base Desizing Agent (Cold Process) time 6 seconds
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There was unlevelling on cotton fabric like oil spots after optimizing this issue this problem is arising in new form. Laminar or parallel lining type unlevelling is occurring. But I am not using any levelling agent. Do i need to use leveller for this purpose?
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First of all fabric quality and Pr-treatment are most important.? Is it mercerized or half bleach? crease problem or lining are mostly due to poor Pr-treatment. As reactive dye is a soluble dye.
Secondly, if the process is exhaust within bath? than fabric needed to be stirred continuously.
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There is special product in vat dyes which is already chlorine fast. Is there anyway to that I can apply as finishing to improve chlorine fastness of vat dyes. I am looking for solution which is passive to chlorine or that can create protective layer against it.
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I doubt if such a protective agent exists. The problem is the colour loss is due to chemical reactions which actively destroy the colour generating chromophore molecules. Fortunately there are several commercially available ranges of chlorine resistant vat dyes with a good light fastness and range of hues. These are mainly synthesised using Pyranthrone or Isoviolanthrone chromophores.
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Hi,
I am thinking of using a crockmeter to rub on a coated fabric that I have with a clean, white cotton fabric on top. I want to find a way of determining, the amount of coated substances that has smeared onto the cotton fabric, or a way to determine the color change on the fabric (that is not the standard color transfer scale). Anyone know of any method as such?
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Dear M.Mussab,
The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory can be followed by couple of ASTM and ISO standard given below . Abrasion occurs during wearing, using, cleaning or washing process and this may distort the fabric, cause fibres or yarns to be pulled out or remove fibre ends from the surface. Abrasion ultimately results in the loss of performance characteristics, such as strength, but it also affects the appearance of the fabric. The main factors that reduce service life of the garment are heavily dependent on its end use. But especially certain parts of apparel, such as collar, cuffs and pockets, are subjected to serious wear in use.
Most abrasion tests depend on applying energy to the fabrics and measuring their response to it. The manner of transferring the energy from machine to the fabric is different for different machines, but the basic principles are the same. ASTM and ISO define several methods to quantify abrasion resistance of textile materials and introduce methods for the evaluation of abraded fabrics.
1. ASTM D 4966 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics - Martindale Abrasion Tester
2. ASTM D 3884 - Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics - Rotary Platform DoubleHead (RPDH)
3.ISO- 19427-I,2,3,4- Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus - Martindale Abrasion Tester
A specimen is mounted in a holder and abraded uniformly in all directions in the plane and about every point of the surface of the specimen. The Uniform Abrasion Tester, consists of the abradant mounted at the lower end of a shaft, weights placed on the upper end of the shaft to produce constant pressure between abradant and specimen throughout the test, lever and cam for raising and lowering the abradant, shaft, and weights. Essentially, the surface of the abradant lies in a plane parallel to the surface supporting the specimen and presses upon the specimen. The abradant and specimen rotate in the same direction at very nearly but not quite the same angular velocity (250 rpm) on noncoaxial axes which are parallel to within 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.). The small difference in speed is to permit each part of the specimen to come in contact with a different part of the abradant at each rotation. Each rotation is equivalent to one cycle (ASTM D 4158).
Evaluation methods of abrasion tests can be done by series of experiments conducted abrasion cycles for determination of weight loss. There are various measurement methods to measure abrasion properties of yarns, including yarn on yarn abrasion and yarn external abrasion, which comprises different test procedures.
Just refer this site for further study.
Hope it work out for you.
Ashish
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Nylon fibers are mainly dyed with acid dye. But due to the less number of amino (-NH2) group than wool (approximately 6 times lower) deep shade cannot produce by acid dye due to lower exhaustion.  
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You can try to change the pH (increase the acidity 2,5 - 5).
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I am wondering what kinds of techniques are used to cut fiber segments to lengths of 1 mm or less (common in flocking industry). Currently, cutting is done by hand and is too tedious to be practical. Thanks for the help.
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Alec McCarthy I would suggest to apply this technique on prototype first and see the results.
Regards/
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Could you tell me the smallest diameter required for capillary action of water in PET hollow tube? If the diameter is smaller than that practically there will be not capillary action...
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Dear Manas,
have you solved the problem? I also want to know the effective diameter range pf capillary. Could you help me ?
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I need to know how distribution of size of silver nano particles is.
is it possible?
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TEM or HRTEM
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Cotton Stalks
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The below mentioned researcher has many articles on cotton stalks and other types of biomass. Happy new year.
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Similar to a project I have recently seen "Nest Hilo Roof" I am going to do a Master's thesis in a CONCRETE ROOF OVER A TEXTILE MESH. I am starting to work on the literature review and it's being complicated to find other examples done before.
Thank you for your help in advance. Any literature advise would be welcome.
Regards,
Maria
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I've extracted dyes from the post-consumer PET fabrics, now I would like to characterise the extracted dyes and find out what exact dyes they are.
I've done FTIR and NMR (proton) but it is very difficult to confirm the dye names and types from these analysis.
I really appreciate if someone can suggest any other analysis to find out the dyes name.
Thanks
Raj
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Dear Rajendran,
Standard spectral analysis techniques for visual and infrared light absorption are only accurate if you can verify that only one dye is present. It is however relatively easy to identify the presence of multiple dyes using Beer Lambert law three dimensional recipe prediction. Thus, to identify unknown PET dyes you would in principle develop and maintain a data base of spectral absorption versus dye concentration profiles for all the main PET dyes that might be present. You then select likely candidate members and use precise prediction of spectral profiles by Beer Lambert optical density analysis to verify their presence.
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Hi. I've been testing some leather samples for colorfastness to perspiration but they show bad performance. Does anyone know if I should cure them in acid or alcohol or with alkali for it to retain the dye better?
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Colorfastness of Dyes
There are two key factors that may improve the wet colorfastness of your dyed leather. The first is the quality of the dye to substrate bond and the second is the efficiency of the wash off stage of the dyeing process. Any given leather dye should have a published sweat fastness rating and clearly you should avoid the worst offenders. It is also possible to use after treatments such as metal-complex formation or after tanning to reduce staining by residual dye solubility. The classic paper on wetfastness improvement is: ‘Chemical reactions between dyes and wool’ AN Derbyshire, GR Tristram - Journal of the Society of Dyers …, 1965. More recently Thiophene-Based Azo Dyes that establish covalent chemical links with the substrate have been developed which have good colorfastness to sweat.
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Can anybody please give me an idea regarding the Silk fibroin extraction process? I have several problems with regards to the extraction of this protein. First, silk is not soluble completely in LiBr 9.3 M solution (LiBr volume is exactly according to the Nature Protocols, 6, 2011, 1612-1631). Second, after dialysis, silk was undergone a fast gelation within 1-2 days, while protocol says that SF solution must stay stable roughly a month at 4 degrees. Please share your experience, if anybody knows the solution of these problems...
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1) The first issue that I always emphasize for silk fibroin dissolution is to cut the fibroin fibers after degumming process to very small pieces. I used the laboratory grinders and at the end I could obtain fibroin with very small pieces that could be easily soluble in their ternary solvent. So, I believe you have initially try to cut the fibers in small pieces and check if they are still unsolvable.
2) The other issue is the solution concentration. The ratio you've used is equal to the 25% solution. I think it might be better you prepare various concentrations in the range of 5% to 25% and check if you could solve the silk fibroin at any of those concentrations. Bare in mind that if you do the dialysis afterwards, your concentration will be 10 times less as the solutions will be 10 times diluted during dialysis procedure.
Good luck with your experiments.
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I would like someone could share with me any paper about the effect of the pretreament level with optical whitener in the shade of dyed cotton after batch dyeing.
I'm specially interested in the shade changes to blue because of the optical whitener use.
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I think the paper intituled "Colorants textiles" can help you.
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When we dye polyester with disperse dye there is the requirement of maintaining constant acidic ph of fabric. Just using acetic acid at 150-200 degree centigrade cannot withstand and maintain constant ph for this we need to introduce buffer system into it.
Kindly suggest what ingredients should I use to make buffer for this system.
Can I use Acid and different salt for example acetic acid and sodium citrate? Can it be used as buffer?
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I Think no need to use buffer in this dyeing system
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I need to determine the stress-strain relationship of flax yarns. To calculate the nominal stress, I need to know the cross-sectional area (original area) of the flax yarn before the application of the tensile load. However, the cross-section of the flax yarn changes significantly when the yarn is pulled or straightened. Do you have any recommendation or reference for this?
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Dear
Md. Abdur Rahman
,
Thanks for sharing such a helpful link. In that link yarn linear density testing is recommended for measuring the cross-section area of the yarns. My yarns' length changes considerably from the situation the yarns are left loose to the situation that the yarns are stretched. Could you please advise how loose/tight the yarn should set (preferably in quantity) before measuring the length?
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How to fabricate a textile antenna using cotton as substrate so that while etching the copper, substrate is not affected?
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Hi Isidoro,
Cotton is available in several permittivities. I would suggest you buy a particular type of material—> characterize it and then use that permittivity for your substrate.
Sameer
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Hi,
I am a master student doing my master thesis in "Textile Engineering" in Sweden. My project is based on producing "Highly conductive and Highly flexible polymer filaments". I am mixing Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) with Multi walled carbon nano tubes(MWCNT) using twin screw micro compounder(melt extrusion). I had extruded 3mm MWCNT filled TPU filaments. I had used MWCNT vol% of 0.57 and 0.85. I have doubts regarding how to find the percolation threshold values. It will be of great help if you can give me some valuable suggestions. Thank you for your time in advance.
Regards,
Vignesh.
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There is no universal percolation limit in CNT filled polymer composites. It depends on measurement technique, ex: electrical, mechanical, rheological etc. Petra Pötschke of Leibniz institute has done tremendous work on this topic.. especially this paper is worth mentioning. doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.02.009
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Silk waste can be felted. Can the waste from bamboo silk also be felted?
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The surafce of silk fiber is very smooth and therefore unlike wool, silk cannot be felted. You can modify the surafce of fiber by depostion tor by laser itching and then can try to carry out felting.
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i have tried to make caustic treatment at mercerization machine to MJS polyester woven fabric but found  no  hydrophilic properties. 
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Would like to know where you purchase enzymes for treating textiles.  I require ligninase enzyme for treating natural fibers and lipases for polyester.
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Limited color variety is presumed as one of the key shortcoming of natural dyed textile materials. Lion share natural dyes are incurred from plant origin. Each source has an intrinsic color. If we use diverse dye concentration into dyeing bath then color strength will be altered. Additioanlly, diverse crosslinking agents may also change the color in little extent. But if wanna made a prominent change in color of an identical dye. In this regards, would you please suggest me some pathways of producing color variety. 
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how we can dye  with out wrinkle appearance to 4 way stretch woven fabric poly viscose blend woven fabric with 7% Lycra in both warp and weft in exhaust dyeing ? what would be the appropriate process route?
should it be directly heat set on greige or other ?
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the fabric is made of polyester 60% viscose 34% and lycra 6% if we dont heat set the fabric how you lock thw size of fabric and what would be happen with GSM ?
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Casein has been used in the past for many applications, including fabric making. However, now a scientist from Germany has found a method to process casein without the use of any chemicals and making the textiles resistent to washing and ironing from EXPIRED milk. I am interested and intrigued about the process and steps of making textiles from EXPIRED milk.
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Thank you Fadl for your input! However, if you would have seen the studies all the casein produced from milk in this scenario is from milk that has gone bad and would have been thrown out anyways. 
Although you can get fibers from other alternatives, my government has put laws that expired milk cannot be sold and has to be thrown out. Not sure about your country, but in mine they do not allow milk that has gone bad to be sold or be used in other products that are for human consumption. 
It is easy to reject the idea thinking of other alternatives and distributing to starving people. In my point of view, I view this as simply as another method to reduce waste in an already existing problem. In a perfect world were waste does not exist, I would totally agree with you. 
Thank you once again for your opinion. 
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In order to reduce the water requirement for jute retting or other similar fibre, Is there any alternate method where use of water is minimum or negligible. 
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Hello, There are several retting methods such as:
"
• Dew retting (biological)
• Cold water retting (biological)
• Hot water retting (biological)
• Mechanical separation (physical)
• Chemical extraction (chemical)
• Enzymatical extraction (chemical)
• Ultrasonic separation (physical)
• Steam-explosion (physical)
"
Among them;
Cold and water retting techniques are obviously based on water usage. Enzymmatic and chemical fiber extraction may need lower water amount during retting process; however, neutralization and deactivation is needed following these methods. Using high cocentrations of chemicals, higher temperature and higher durations increases effectiveness of the retting procedure.
"During dew retting, agricultural residues such as plant stems are left out in
the field where biological organisms partly degrade some polysaccharides exposing the fiber bundles. "
So, minimal water is needed during retting; however, water may be used during cleaning after the completion of retting.
"Mechanical fiber separation may be carried out in different ways such as beating the fiber source with metal blades (scutching) or combing (hackling). When combined with other separation techniques, mechanical decortication, which is also
known as scutching, leads to production of lighter, softer and finer fibers. " No/minimal water is neeed during mechanical "retting". Use of it may need lower water usage is used combined with another retting process.
Lower amount of water should be needed in ultrasonic and steam explosion techniques compared to conventional water retting techniques.
The excerpts are from 
Yılmaz, N.D. “Agro-Residual Fibers as Potential Reinforcement Elements for Biocomposites”, Chapter 11, in “Lignocellulosic Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Properties”, Ed. Thakur, V.K., Wiley -Scrivener, USA, ISBN 978-1-118-77357-4, s. 233-270. ,2015
Hope this is helpful...
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Hello, I am currently doing research on bamboo strip reinforced epoxy composites.In my study I have found that the composite tensile properties is lower than the tensile properties of pure bamboo strips that I have used as reinforcement. Could any one help me to find the reasons?
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DEAR MS. MAHUYA,
THANKS FOR YOUR KIND RESPONSE AND NICE EXPLANATION.
BEST REGARDS
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Hello, i have some problems trying to calculate the areal weight (g/m^2) of a carbon fiber braided composite.
Is there a way to measure it only knowing the weight per unit lenght (g/m), the numer of filaments for each tow (12K) and the braid angle (45°)?
Or am I still missing some information?
Thanks in advance
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Hi Erwin,
Knowing the weight per unit length of the fiber is useful.  The number of filaments in the fiber tow does not help as you already know the weight of a single yarn.
What you want to know is the total number of yarns in your braid and the length of each yarn.  You may have to do a little math based on your angle to determine the length of the yarn.  Multiply the number of yarns that are in the braid by the unit weight per length of the of the yarn.  That will give you the total weight of fiber in your braid article (I'm assuming that it has already been infiltrated with a resin and made into a composite as you could just weigh the braid.)
Once you have your total weight of fiber, measure the area of the braid.  Now you have your weight per unit area - your areal weight.
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I'm on a low budget, which is why i opted for urea because it is supposed to reduce the hydrophobicity of the fibroin protein, but so far I've achieved nothing with it.I In my last attempt, I dipped the two cocoon silks in 9.3 M of urea for 4 hours at a temperature of 60 degrees celsius. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance. 
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Hi,
Its an interesting question that I like to discuss it further: before, I like to ask
Could you find a way to dissolve in urea? or not yet?
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I am preparing a work of collecting items in the world used in traditional silk dyeing.
So I need help getting information about traditional dyeing: materials and methods used.
Best regards,
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Hi, I am working in pre-cocoon sector, so u have to consult someone in post cocoon sector! Thank u
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I modified polyester fabric and now want to checking toxicity.
how can I do that?
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Once our group used fibroblast cell culture; and put coated fabrics in the culture. We check the population of the cells using MTT assay.
Another method is to use fluorescent Microscope. After you put the modified fabrics in cell culture (e.g. fibroblast), you stain the culture with the corresponding fluorescent dyes and observe under fluorescent microscopy the cell numbers and morphology after several days. Hence, the data can be both quantitative (through ImageJ image processing) and qualitative (through observing the cells' membrane).
For reference on the 2nd method, please have a look at the following publication:
Textile/Al2O3–TiO2 nanocomposite as an antimicrobial and radical scavenger wound dressing
For either method, remember to also provide control sample (uncoated fabrics).
All the best!
Dedy
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how can I load ciprofloxacin on fabric which modified with betacyclodextrin? I mean what is condition (Temp. , pH, Time etc.) ?
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thanks Mr. Jicsinszky
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Need strong chemical band
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Hello,
Hope the attached article can help you.
If you want to make strong bond, you can use physical or chemical methods. In your case you want to have chemical bond, you can think about using binder, surface modification etc.
TD
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I am working on treatment ( textile wastewater ) artificial wastewater containing two dyes ( AB113- 681.65 Molecular Weight, BR46- 401.3 Molecular Weight) by Wetlands. what is the type of amines will release and how I know the wavelength for them? 
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Amjad, the linked article and associated references should be useful. Table 5 shows the main spectral regions of absorbance in the UV–visible range for some aromatic amines, and there is other useful information in the manuscript text following it.
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John
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I am embarking on a design project to discover how innovation in textiles can help with the side effects and/or healing of large scars.
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In order to control dosage issues, which is critical, it is best to treat your substrate which will be a bandage at the fiber level, not textile level. Dosage levels need to be controlled very carefully.  See my publication on wound healing.  We now have an accelerated form of this chemistry which we impregnate into cotton fibers for exactly this purpose. 
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Does anyone know of ways to keep skin moisturised under clothing? Preventing clothes absorbing moisturiser? Textiles that work with the skin to stop it drying out?
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Microcapsuling with spray option.
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It is said that it is difficult to get maximum Berger whiteness in recycled polyester fabric, please share what are the reasons and solutions? 
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The reason for discoloration are colored polyenes which are formed during thermal and photo-oxidative degradation of PET. In the link below the mechanism is explained (formation of vinylester, polymerization and elimination to polyene). There are stabilizers like phosphorous acid to avoid discoloration during processing but bleaching afterwards is difficult. An symptomatic "healing" is the use of optical brighteners for recycled PET. I am not sure if chlorine or oxygen bleaching would improve the color.
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We are evaluating aquatic toxicity of some dyes (most of them are for textile and leather) using bioassays but we would like to have an experct check of the structures of the compounds we are testing because we found some problems in the characterization of molecular structure.
Can you help me suggesting a valid/validated library for dyes?
We have checked on ChemId, chemAgora, ChemSpider but we still have some missing data and we would like to confirm existing data,
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Dear Diego,
Zarrin and Jordi posted valuable answers. I send you 5 ETAD jpg files  and you can see the sense of my sentence : " before you reinvent the wheel".
Please try to obtain publications of ETAD via Switzerland. There is a part concerning the aquatic toxicity.
I worked with the physical chemistry  and chemistry of dyes and textiles dyes since 1968 to 2009.
Please try to obtain the following 2 books (see 1,2,3jpg files). They contains a lot of infos concerning the structure.
Please don't collect our answers but answer a.s.a.p. if you want to receive a help of answerers.
If your research is confidential you can answer via  Message (only xou and me can read the text of your answer).
JRG
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list of Dyes used in Indian textile industries
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Hi 
I have some list of dyes that i can help you with,
Orange ME2RL
Yellow F4G
Yellow ME2RL
Turkish Blue G 
Blue FNR (Cibacron)
Blue FNG (Cibacron)
Yellow FN2R (colourtex)
Red F3B (colourtex)
Blue XL (colourtex)
Here i found a link on dyes sold by Chemistar in South India
Different marketing industries sell the dyes in different names. 
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There are many research papers published on Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) bleaching which state that it is sustainable process to do bleaching with potassium permanganate.
e.g.
I agree with conducted research regarding effectiveness and results obtained through use of potassium permanganate, but I have come to know recent news that KMnO4 is restricted in many countries and it is non-biodegradable at all.
CHT Bezema has introduced alternative of KMnO4 which is 99% biodegradable, you may visit following link to know about their product.
As per CHT report, Why KMnO4 is restricted?
Manganese is a heavy metal and not biodegradable. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) belongs to the substances which are particularly dangerous to the environment with high fish toxicity. In many countries there are strict regulations or even an obligation to provide evidence to avoid any misuse of KMnO4.
Please share your valuable information and thoughts.
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As Dr hassan mentioned Hydrogen peroxid is recommended for textile fabrics.
Regards
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I'm working with cotton, linen and polyester.
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Then you better take control sample, and use same time and condition for both and compare.
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From the EDS analysis, elemental atomic and weight wise percentages are obtained along with EDS spectra. Please share your views if from these elemental atomic percents we can QUANTIFY the presence of some element, for example in a coating on a textile, and compare the results among different samples (for example in as deposited surface coated sample and after multiple washing) to analyze and report coating durability etc. will this quantification and comparison be correct?
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For your specimens proper quantification is very difficult (if even possible) task. You need good equipment and very good operator. EDS software is pretty dumb, it will produce "results" even they are unacceptable. 
If you are interested in changes in quantity of some element present in coating, which is not present in a fabric, use just line intensities (integral, area) and compare them after different treatments. 
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I am working on the plasma treatment of merino wool for shrink proofing application. The changes in surface morphology (descaling) is one method to check shrink proofing of wool. I need to know, are there any other standard tests/practices in textile industry, which can be performed on fiber to determine shrink proofing?
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Dear Sandra,
There is no information available. We tried to find a correlatrion between the 2 tests. However, we couldn't see significant correlation, only very coarse trends. For my opinion the main reason for this is that two different testing procedures with extremely different fibre making up are compared. In case of TM 31 you are washing a knitwear produced from a yarn on basis of a set cover factor as well as set parameters for yarn make up. The test result strongly depends on these parameters. E.g. in case you are going to test a higher twisted yarn, the resulting shrinkage behaviour is decreased, in case of less dense yarns the skrinkage behaviour is increased. In contrast to TM 31 in the IWTO-test only wool tops are tested (without any individual fibre fixation by yarn and knitwear construction). I believe that this is the main reason for the lack in correlation between both methods.
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Cambodian labor productivity in Garment and textile industry 
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You might also check Textile Outlook International - case studies on countries.
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There exists grease on the surface of wool fibers. I want to measure the volume of the grease on the surface of the wool. So searching for some methods to do that. Thanks.
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Dear Fengxin,
the volume is difficult to measure, but the mass can easily be determined by solvent extraction according to the IWTO standard IWTO-10-2003: "Method for the Determination of Dichloromethane Soluble Matter in Combed Wool and Commercially Scoured or Carbonised Wool". You can find the standards at www.iwto.org.
Best regards from Bremen
Holger
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Dear all   
What is standard method for measuring Electrical Surface Resistivity of Nanofiber? and if measuring this parameter with four point probe technique which formula is best formula for calculate Surface Resistivity of thin sheet such as nano fiber web ?
thanks
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Dear Elham,
You can use the formula : [ Resistivity -  Rho(o) = 2pi S R ] ;  where S is the distance between the two probes , R is the Resistance which you can calculate by (V/ I) [  value obtained from four probe in mV , mA ]  , measureV and I at different point of nanofiber [ say 5 values ] and take the average of (V/ I) to get R , use these values in the above formula to get Resistivity Rho(o) and conductivity sigma = 1/Rho(o) . 
In general  there will be a correction factor which is essential if the sample thickness is very less compared to the distance of the adjacent probes ; for example if the distance of probe is 0.2 cm and if the nanofiber/film thickness is 0.001 cm , then you should apply the below formula ,
Rho = Rho (o) / [ 2S /W ] Log e 2  , where W is the thickness of sample , you can convert all values in cm such that you can report your Resistivity (Rho ) or Conductivity :  Sigma =( 1/Rho) in [ S/cm ] , hope this will help you.
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My formula're 25% filler masterbatch +  75% PP virgin.  The problem about filler masterbatch or technology or something?
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I did not get your question
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Hi,
I am trying to predict elastic constants for orthotropic textile composites made with plain and twill weave. I am wondering if I can use MESOTEX to predict elastic constants for my laminates, which will be made from dry fabrics through VARTM. In the articles on MESOTEX, authors have mentioned impregnated yarns and their properties.
Thanks
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You can try SwiftComp, a general purpose multiscale constitutive modeling code. All you need is to provide the mesh to the code. The code can be launched in the cloud at https://cdmhub.org/resources/scstandard. Or used as a plugin for other FEA codes such as anasys or abaqus to power traditional FEA codes with high-fidelity composite modeling capability.
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I am working in pesticide residues analysis. I need to know about the different methods for conversion of cotton lint into cotton powder to determine the pesticide residues in it.
Thanks in Advance,
Mahmoud.
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you need to dry it by freezing. i tried liquid nitrogen once but it did not appeal to me too much. the grinding machine did not work. so i shifted to keeping it in freezers for weeks. it was tedious and unsuccessful. what is left an instrument using the freezing shock. but was not available at time. 
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Can anybody tell me the standardized method to extract fibers from its stem without disintegration of bark into small fibers   
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Dear Raisa,
You can do just like jute fibre collection process (by enzymatic-water rotting)
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How to size polyester yarn? Please suggest recipe.We used modified starch and polyvinyl alcohol but hairiness was too high and it caused loom stoppage. The pick up of yarn was low.
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I concur with Cheng, Use 100% PVA alone or 100% Acrylic size or their mixture. The adhesiveness of PVA or Acrylic size is better than when used with starch. Starch size is best suited when its Polycotton or Polyviscose. Optimization is again necessar depending on mill conditions.
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I may try with values 0.3-0.35 for my models in Abaqus but I prefer to utilize verified values.
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0,35 in the Abaqus model of this paper : "Mechanical responses and damage morphology of laminated fabrics with a central slit under uniaxial tension: A comparison between analytical and experimental results" Jianwen Chen, Wujun Chen, Bing Zhao, Bo Yao
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mass flow rate of steam in condensate= 0.00127 kg/s
mass flow rate of water in condensate= 0.62263 kg/s
Pressure = 488 kPa temperature 150.88 °C
Thank you in advance
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there is a nice easy tool from shipcopumps website to get the receiver minimum size
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Could anyone who are in textile engineering recommend me books?
I'd like to study about fibers, especially about their tensile strength. I tried to find the book explaining about the physical properties of tensile strength of fiber, but it wasn't easy. Forexample, using twisting,  giving tension, or any other different method that are related physical textile engineerings.
thanks!
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my self  s. sundaresan can help you i would like to know in which field of textile sector you need books so that i can recommend
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Textile experts: test method ISO/AATCC
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There are many detergents used in color fastness tests depending on customer requirements. However, certain organizations such as AATCC have sodium perborate as a standard reference detergent. Sodium perborate has found acceptance because  it  is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite, causing less degradation to dyes and textiles. When testing dyed or printed fabrics , it is important to choose a detergent that is similar or closer  to  laundry detergents that will be used during the washing lifecycle. Sodium perborate being one of the ingredients of  a higher percentage of  laundry detergents in the market ,therefore finds a wider acceptance as standard reference detergent. 
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I would like to melt spin some nylon 6 chips but do not know the best dry condition in term of temperature and duration of drying. 
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Thanks Dorota for the quideline.
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I'm looking for articles relating to digital textile printing/engineered prints.
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Latest Technology on digital printing is released in ITMA 2015 at ITALY http://www.rolanddg.de/en/community/go-digital-roland-dg-itma-2015
Go digital with Roland DG printing 
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most of the procedures for making hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings for fabric are multi-step and mainly need ultrasonication... how to make them simpler for industral purposes for example by spray application that needs only hot air for example with the help of hairdrier...
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Even if you do not go for ultrasonication, you can bind nano silica by using binders. But it depends upon your fabric type and nature of bonding required.
Although a detail review is under processing, yet you can read provisional pdf online here
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I know about the nanoparticles used for fabrics and cloths like nanosilver and TiO2, ZnO, .... to reduce dirt and smell of the street sweepers uniforms and easier cleaning and washing what nanoparticles are useful and what binder is the best to dispers the particles in the texture.....please introduce some refferences. 
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 Hi, I´ve worked with carbon cloths, so I cuold help you with the refferances about it, if  you are interested. For example, In this review you can find smth:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/261523
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I'm interested to know, whether there is any formula to determine the maximum strength of a yarn for different counts, different materials and staple length...
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Rope frays when it is cut, which creates a problem when taking a picture of it's cross-section. What resin(s)/gel(s) could successfully hold the frayed rope together while having a minimal impact on this kind of picture?
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To avoid fraying, usually an embedding medium for the ropes is necessary. Beside epoxy resins acrylate resins can be used for the preparation of cross-sections of fibres, yarns or ropes.
In a first test, you could try whether the insertion of the rope into a cork block and cutting of the whole block with razor blades or a knife is helpful. Further, you could try to bring the rope into a tube, e.g. in a heat shrinkable tube, so that it is fixed and then cut the whole system.
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Hi All,
I am trying to assess feasibility to store energy as heat. Now, not to loose too much, it needs to be insulated, by eg a double-walled steel tank, with vacuum between both tanks, and filled with some cheap insulation material, like basalt wool.
Can anybody help me how efficient this would be at hot ?. The highest temperature possible with cheap steel is about 500 degC.
Best Regards,
Henri.
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Hello Henri,
My previous general comment seems to cover what you are saying.
"Any material you put between the inner and outer tanks will basically do three things with the radiation emitted by the inner tank: reflect it back, absorb it, or transmit it."
Art this point in this thought experiment I will agree that we disagree and it would be interesting to actually do the experiment OR create a heat flow/radiation simulation with realistic material parameters.
Practical note: putting a high surface area material such as rock wool in the vacuum will greatly increase pump power requirements and pump down times, maybe even limit the ultimate vacuum reached due to outgassing.
Cheers, Robert
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Generally we know silk is the only natural filament fiber. But spider silk is now a new term discussed.
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Thanks dada.
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Most of the natural dyes show poor wash fastness property (especially alkaline wash fastness) after dyeing with cotton fabric.  
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Most important  process in the cotton dyeing is scouring process. Impurities present in the cotton varies from one region to another Calcium , Magnesium Iron manganese and copper vary from one variety to another . To get good fastness properties porous structure and capillaries in fully developed cotton should have free flow of liquor during dyeing. If this is done in scouring fastness of the natural dyes could be improved on cotton. Need based reciepe has to be worked our. Best cotton has following impurities 
1) Calciun 650 PPM 2) Magnesium -420 ppm 3) Iron 12 ppm ,4) Magnesium less 2  5) Copper less then one.
But cotton we recieve has calcium 1643ppm . Magnesium 870 ppm  Iron 88PPM , Magnesium 12 ppm , and copper 5ppm 
The impurities present in the cotton wont allow  proper dyeing and fastness in  dyed  products. The measurements and processes required are inadequate in the process houses in decentralised sector. Hence, this awareness is required to be inculcated in all dye Houses 
I hope this will give you lead to get fastness properties. If you need further clarifications free to contact me 
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Silver nano-particles are known to provide antimicrobial properties in medical textiles. They can be incorporated into medical textiles in two ways. By having them introduced into the polymer during the yarn production itself OR after the textile fabrication , ie. loaded as entrapped particles during the yarn bundling,  weaving or knitting process. Which one of them is a preferred practice from the manufacturing as well as efficacy point of view?
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I would suggest post-treatment of fibres. In case of applying Ag-NPs during spinning release of Ag-ions can be at least reduced. I would suggest a combined wet-chemical treatment of the textile, e.g. post treatment with polymers being able to bind silver and silver nitrate followed by photochemical reduction of Ag-ions to Ag-NPs. We usually apply an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine and AgNO3 to the textile surface and then irradiate in UV. Advantage of this in situ formation of Ag-NPs is that you will be able to avoid any problem with aggregation of NPs.
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It is possible for manufacturing banana pulp paper and used for manufacturing of currency notes and commercially used for getting more durability?
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Banana fiber is a multiple celled structure. The lumen is large in relation to the wall thickness. Cross markings are rare and fiber tips pointed and flat, ribbon like individual fiber diameter range from 14 to 50 microns and the length from 0.25 cm to 1.3 cm, showing the large oval to round lumen.
Banana fiber is a natural fiber with high strength, which can be blended easily with cotton fiber or other synthetic fibers to produce blended fabric & textiles. It is mainly used by cottage industry in Southern India at present. Banana Fiber also finds use in high quality security/ currency paper, packing cloth for agriculture produce, ships towing ropes, wet drilling cables etc.
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Any one please give me how N- methylol acrylamide is a used for textile processing, is the presence of free acrylamide monomer will not harmful when we use in textile.  Please clarify, if any one know about this topic
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How is N-methylol acrylamide useful in textile processing  co-polymers, which are used for a variety of purposes. The only ... polyacrylamides are in surface coatings and adhesives, textile dyeing, leather processing, paper and cardboard manufacture and in cosmetics. Residual ..... some countries from the use of acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) grouting agents.FIND THE DETAILeD nocNAS pdf 
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Tenacity of the silk yarn is one of the important inherent characteristics of the silk yarn   needs to be preserved in processing. Silk is the only filament yarn which is subjected wet   to processing treatment several times  before it is converted into the fabrics Viz Crepe, Georgette Chiffon Taffetta , soft silk  Doupion etc . Each fabric has different handle and lustrous Effect 
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Depends on the type of degumming process.. acid, soap or alkali degumming generally decreases tenacity.. but some degumming chemicals like sodium silicate will not adversely impact tenacity..   this data is at fiber scale. 
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i am working on textile dyes' degradation for which i have to optimize different process parameters (atleast 8 factors). I have reviewed the literature and found both of these designs in different papers but mostly central composite design is used. 
Can anyone plz suggest me which one of these is the best and do i also need to carry out the single factor experiments as its reported that more than 4-5 factors cannot be studied using these designs?
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Placket-Burman is not suitable for optimization. The purpose of using Placket-Burman is to determine the most significant factors (Screen design). In general, Placket-Burman is not recommended because interactions are partially confounded or "aliased" with main effects.  Composite design is mainly used for optimization purposes with no confounding. Since you have 8 factors, CCD requires around 282 runs (Full design) which is very expensive and time consuming. Therefore, I recommend you to use first Placket-Burman to find few critical factors for the output responses, and then use CCD to optimize these critical factors. Please do NOT use face centered cubic design which is one of response surface designs because this method has multicollinearity if the problem has more than 5 factors. 
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How can textile fabrication make an effort to reduce physical and psychological exhaustion of people subjected to travel?
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Let me answer you in two parts
For physical exhaustion
 You need to have the fabric which is having good strength to resist the travelling jerk and friction.
Secondarily it must have the better elastic recovery so that to retail its dimension.
The fabric fatigue resistance must also be considered
It's strength shall not be affected by the travelling foods or drinks
For psychological exhaustion
The fabric must be having good appearance and have to be dyed or printed with nice pattern
The fabric must be water absorbant and having quick dry properties to give some satisfaction to traveller
The fabric must be treated with soil release finish or with stain repellent chemicals to avoid the stain on it and hence maintain the travellers mood
The seats must be have some functionalities like the bottle pouch, paper holder, food carrier etc to Worth or to compensate any shortcomings
All these may not be correct but you have to look youself as a common traveller and what you want or expect during travelling
You can't satisfy the psychological exhaustion because each mind is different. People will find the mistakes but you have to answer for those
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I want to apply permanent fire retardant/proof finish, for flash fire, in garment form. Could anyone suggest me for the same.  
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Thanks Dr. Roth Phylaktou for your valuable inputs. By the word fire proof I wanted to mean ignition resistance, I completely agree with you on this. Another problem is these ignition resistance chemicals make the fabric hydrophobic in nature. We want the fabric hydrophilic for better comfort. Could you give any suggestion on this? Thanks Manas
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We have range of weights per square meter  40 gms to 100. Heavier fabric   definitely needs finishes. Count of the yarn used also plays  significant role 
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I do agree  i think study needs to be done for the range of wt/mt and cover factor comfort  of the fabric. Region wise and season wise  for the India  population keeping in view aesthetic value  of the saree and develop  glamour of the country . We can promote this sari as  brand associated with Indian culture to promote  Human value,  Moral and ethical society. India should take the lead in developing these brands and promote our Handloom  and power loom sari  weavers 
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Most don't play only with the nylon sock only but put a cotton sock below the nylon team sock, building therefore a "composite material" that has really good property, preception and response. Have you included this configuration in your test?
Old teenager and adult do not play with balls that are too light, or it seems kicking the air. The constact point if poorly inflated is a large surface instead of a precise point. Have you use properly inflated balls for this?
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Yes polyester socks leads to skin  infection if worn continuously more then 12 hours 
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I work with a fibers of wild silk, fineness 1,07dtex, strength 26,90cN/tex, elongation at break 34,25 CN/tex. In hot water fibers are melt. 
My problem: 200 caterpillar working nest, I need to make insulation of fibers.
Manual isolation is uncertain because it destroys the fiber.
Is there any chemicals (aqueous or oily base) that the fibers would not melt and allowed me the insulation fibers? 
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 Just soften the Silk with Luke  warm water 10 to 25  Degree centigrade. Raw sercin covering fibroin will soften  so that  brittleness is reduced fibers can be handled  
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I am looking for experiences and opinions about modelling and simulation of textile structures (woven and knitted fabrics) using Blender program. Could we achieve a realistic simulation of draping behaviour of textiles?
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Hi with respect;
Here is a brief description about this software:
Blender is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. Alongside the modeling features it also has an integrated game engine.
by the way, I think that you could provide a graphically vision of your textile material with no problem but it needs your full experience about the software frame.  
may be the link bellow can help you somehow:
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Specifically random dispersion of discontinuous fibres in the polymer matrix
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Hi Jimmy,
you should look at the "Halpin-Tsai" equation for the elastic properties of short fibers reinforced  composites.
This equation is very useful also because it is based on experimental observations.
You may find the equation in any textbook on mechanics of composite materials.
To summarize the answer: the random modulus can be roughly expressed by the following relationship:
Er=3/8* E11+5/8* E22 (1)
Where E11 and E22 are the longitudinal and the transversal moduli of an ideal unidirectional composite with short fiber aligned
in one direction and having the same volume fraction of fibers of your composite.
Eq. 1 above comes from homogeneization procedures.
Similar results can be obtained (for random fiber composites) with lamination theory by assuming the composite with random fibers be equivalent to a quasi-isotropic laminate [0, +45,-45,90]s where the lamina properties are again E11 and E22 (i.e. calculated properly with H-T equation).
Having all the above in mind now you can realize that , in the limit of long fibers , E11 reachs the highest value representing the upper bound for a given volume fraction of fibers. In this case the H-T equation reduces to the familiar rule of mixtures and E11 is as follows:
E11=Em*Vm+Ef*Vf
Vm and Vf being the volume fractions of phases.
Concerning E22 you will not find much difference with the H-T equation if use the following equation
1/E22=(1/Em)*Vm+(1/Ef)*Vf
(whatever the aspect ratio-the length to the diameter ratio- of the fibers)
Concerning the ultimate properties, namely the strength of random short fiber composites, the story is little bit more complicated. However, please, have a look at
R.M.Jones: "Mechanics of Composite materials" ISBN I-56032-712-X .
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The phenomena starts from carding up to the fabric dying process.
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The movement of twist in a yarn over a surface was found to be governed by two separate mechanisms. These were designated as the flattened and rotating or leakage mechanisms. The twist blockage forces appeared to be developed gradually over the contact surface and there was some yarn rotation on the surface and often a steady loss of blocked twist. It was discovered that another important feature of the twist blockage phenomenon is that, the twist blockage behavior is highly sensitive to the relative orientation of the guide axis to the yarn, and to the direction of the yarn twist helix (S or Z).In ring spinning or false-twist is deliberately fed upstream against the flow of yarn. The upstream movement of this twist may also be blocked to a greater or lesser degree if the yarn passes over a guide or similar surface.
In ring spinning process, Downstream blockage is defined as the prevention of the transmission of yarn twist in the same direction as the yarn flow; upstream blockage is defined as the prevention of twist propagation in a direction opposite to the yarn flow.
the phenomena appears at different types of industrial textile manufacturing as waving, fabric dying... etc. 
Reference
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How surface porosity(size and number) changes for hollow fibers against the solid one of same polymer? I'm interested to know about the water absorption property of solid and hollow filaments/fibers of same polymer. Any work on movement of water molecule inside the solid and hollow filament/fiber(polyester or other polymer)?
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Thanks Paola for your input. I know it can be. I shall see the chapter you mentioned. I want to know for same parameters(and same solvent/non solvent used), whether the pore size & pore number on the filament surface changes for hollow filament against the solid one. Whether such factors affects the wetting property?I shall appreciate, if you can share your view on this.
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as singeing is to destroying projecting fibre from fabric surface, shouldn't it be that the later the process the better the performance?
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Thank you for your question. In case of blended goods, desizing is done prior to singeing. 
For example
Process sequence for polyester/viscose blends
Desizing --> Washing --> Heat-setting --> Singeing ---> Drying
or
Singeing --> Desizing --> Washing --> Drying ---> Heat-setting.
The process of mercerizing is omitted when viscose is present in the blends. Sometimes singeing operation is done after dyeing to avoid sooty appearance or dye specks arisen from melted beads of polyester.
To know more read this book
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRE-TREATMENT PROCESSES OF TEXTILES BY S.R. KAR MAKAR 
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What are the factor influence the spirality.
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I think already several methods suggested here. You may use Nu Tork yarn, the spirality of this yarn is much lesser. Other m/c factors like:
1. Fabric tightness/ GSM increase spirality reduces.
2. mc guage (directly increase)
3. no. of feeder ( directly increase)
4.stitch length, I believe if stitch length increase spirality increases...
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I am visiting Japan as a guest researcher this spring and will work on a project that combines knitting technology, supply chain management and fashion logistics. I want to knit fine gauge fabric on a circular knitting machine, single jersey machine.
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Well the man that designed the seamless circular knitting machines are from Japan.  I watched a documentary on how they designed the knitting machine, but for the life of me I can't recall the name of the man nor his company.  Anyway a quick google search delivered http://www.fukuhara.co.jp/ hope it is of use.
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I have done diaotization of light chain silk for modification of tyrosine present in it. I tried H1-NMR and ATR-FTIR on these modified silk. But no peak was observed, from dizonium salts in both of these characterization, Is there any technique to determine that silk material is diotized and %diaotization done after completion of experiment?  
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I am not sure if this paper describes exactly what you are trying to quantify, but the Kaplan lab has used the extinction coefficient of the azo group to estimate the degree of modification. "Modification of silk fibroin using diazonium coupling chemistry and the effects on hMSC proliferation and differentiation."
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I am looking for information/experiences related to 3D/4D printing of textile-like materials and clothing objects. Additive technologies have found their place in many applications and industries. Recently, they are more and more used also for production of flexible textile-like items. I am interested in 3D/4D printing of such forms using a combination of synthetic and natural fibrous materials.
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Hi Zoran,
Tamicare has done some interesting work on textiles and they claim to integrate textile fibers with synthetic elastomers:  http://www.tamicare.com/
Xuberance made quite a splash with a 3D printed wedding dress at TCT Asia, although that is entirely synthetic: http://www.tctmagazine.com/3D-printing-news/watch-xuberance-3d-printed-wedding-dress/
More speculative, the wire printing technique from Cornell could possibly be adapted to printing textile-like materials which combine synthetic and natural materials:  http://interactive3dprinting.infosci.cornell.edu/wireframe.html
Hope this helps,
Crispin
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I'm in a development project of a composite of leather shavings and PVC, I need to improve the compatibility between these materials.
Maybe an alkali or acid treatment that were proven before, or any superficial treatment
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You may check out the following paper:
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Suggest material which is suitable to design textile antenna for ultra wide band application.
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You can refer to the above link for a review on this topic..you can also refer to some other ieee papers by the authors for extensive details.
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What is the purpose of removing metals such as calcium and magnesium (demineralisation) from the cotton during textile processing?
Are they necessary?
During the cotton pretreatment is demineralisation carried out combined with the desizing step or after scouring step?
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Thank you for your answers :)
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Anyone with an idea where a very strong and absorbent textile (reinforced cotton) material be applied to?
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Maybe it applied to baby diapers. 
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I'm looking for a source of (preferably PP filament) nonwovens, say < 25 g/m2 that show (relatively) high modulus and strength in the machine direction and sufficient lateral bonding to enable easy handling. The aim is very low cost reinforcement.
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Spunbond  polypropylene nonwoven have very good mechanical properties in machine direction and good properties in cross direction (S, SS or SMS) you can also find Melt blown nonwoven (less price than S nonwoven)