Tetrapoda - Science topic

Evolution of the mandibular structure has played a key role in the taxonomic diversification and niche exploration of tetrapods, from the initial water-to-land transition to the origin and radiation of mammals. While jaw evolution through these key transition points have long attracted attention, no studies of jaw evolution to date capture the brea...

OFD1 is a protein involved in many cellular processes, including cilia biogenesis, mitotic spindle assembly, translation, autophagy and the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. Despite many potential interactors identified in high-throughput studies, only a few have been directly confirmed with their binding sites identified. We performed an analysi...

The initial stages leading to the vertebrate neck are aquatic; this has been long known. These initial stages include the disconnection between skull and pectoral girdle, and the loss of several opercular bones. The late Devonian (early Frasnian stage, 385.3-374.5 mya) Tiktaalik is currently known as the sister group of Tetrapoda and already presen...

The knowledge of parasitic fauna in wild animals is essential for understanding the ecological conditions that determine the occurrence and prevalence of parasites in their hosts. With the exception of records of one Pentastomida (Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922) and two Nematoda (Physaloptera sp. and Aspiculuris sp.), detailed information abo...

The general assumption is that survivors of mass extinctions show a reduction in body size, the Lilliput Effect, but then may diversify fast, according to the 'early burst' (EB) evolutionary model. Global ecosystems were obliterated in the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) by extreme volcanism which triggered numerous killing mechanisms and e...

Peirosauridae (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) is one of the fossil lineages of crocodyliforms ubiquitous in the Cretaceous deposits of the Bauru Basin. Here, we describe a new species of a longirostrine Peirosauridae from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Basin, Late Cretaceous). The specimen consists of a partially preserved skull with a cranial roof,...

This article presents an original hypothesis of the origin of vertebrate limbs. According to this hypothesis, the tentacles and limbs of Bilateria originate from two circles of tentacles of the coelenterate ancestor, the labial circle and marginal circle. In Bilateria, the tentacles of the coelenterate ancestor gave rise to the metameric processes...

Amphibians and reptiles play a critical role in the evolution of Tetrapoda, showcasing significant diversity in terms of their genetics, species, morphology, life history traits, and evolutionary functions [...]

Among terrestrial tetrapods, the origin of herbivory marked a key evolutionary event that allowed for the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. A 100 Ma gap separates the oldest terrestrial tetrapods and the first undisputed herbivorous tetrapods. While four clades of early tetrapod herbivores are undisputed amniotes, the phylogenetic positio...

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001

Volatile low complexity regions (LCRs) are a novel source of adaptive variation, functional diversification and evolutionary novelty. An interplay of selection and mutation governs the composition and length of low complexity regions. High %GC and mutations provide length variability because of mechanisms like replication slippage. Owing to the com...

We report a natural cast of the left manus of an indeterminate temnospondyl, found in an outcrop of the Matzitzi Formation (Upper Permian) in the northwestern region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. This ichnite is the first record of temnospondyls for the country, as well as the southernmost record of this group in North America; additionally, this...

Fishermen-hunter-gatherers of sambaquis (Brazilian shell mounds) had an intimate affinity with marine-coastal environments, where they exploited a great variety of fish and mollusks that comprise the best documented fauna from sambaquis. However, other groups of animals as mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are also present in these sites, bu...

The diversity and evolution of the temporal skull region is a classical text book example of comparative anatomy. In the earliest land vertebrates this region was, in most cases, completely covered by an armor of dermal bones. This armor has been successively reduced over time, leading most famously to the evolution of temporal fenestrae and margin...

This contribution presents a detailed methodology for reconstructing the anterior and posterior autopodia (manus and pes elements) of the sauropod dinosaur Neuquensaurus australis. The study utilizes various techniques, including digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning, reconstruction, retrodeformation, scaling, texturing, rendering, 3D printing, a...

La Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) es la cadena montañosa más grande de México (1,400 km), y no obstante una de las regiones menos estudiadas del país. Utilizando registros de ejemplares examinados en colecciones científicas, observaciones directas, fotografías y datos bibliográficos, construimos una base de datos con 4,659 registros únicos de mamífe...

Reptilia exploit a large diversity of food resources from plant materials to living mobile prey. They are among the first tetrapods that needed to drink to maintain their water homeostasis. Here were compare the feeding and drinking mechanisms in Reptilia through an empirical approach based on the available data to open perspectives in our understa...

Note: Despite the title in Portuguese, the chapters were written in English. Moreover, all chapters are currently published in peer-reviewed journals and can be found and requested in my Research Gate account. ABSTRACT: Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and higher taxa within geographical space. The distribution of species c...

The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternativel...

Patterns of growth throughout the lifetime of an animal reflect critical life history traits such as reproductive timing, physiology, and ecological interactions. The ancestral growth pattern for tetrapods has traditionally been described as slow-to-moderately paced, akin to modern amphibians, with fast growth and high metabolic rates considered a...

Citation Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, 2022, p. 189. The contents of the brain cavities of non-avian archosaurs have been inadequately understood. Dissection of the brain and surrounding tissues of large specimens (ca. 80 kg) of Alligator mississippiensis indicates that extant crocodilians possess a pineal gland, an ara...

Developmental pathways encompass transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements that interact as transcription factor-regulatory element (TF-RE) units. Independent origins of similar phenotypes likely involve changes in different parts of these units, a hypothesis promisingly tested addressing the evolution of the rib-associated lumbar (RAL) mor...

Five species were identified in the studied collection: Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881, first record for Uruguay, Ascorhynchus corderoi du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1952 and Pallenopsis candidoi Mello-Leitão, 1949, with extended ranges, Pallenopsis patagonica (Hoek, 1881), a species complex recently analysed with molecular data and Ammothea tetrapoda...

To address challenges in management and conservation of fishes and fisheries it is essential to understand their life histories and energetics. The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 1150 of the 40000 extant species of fish. It gives 250-280 traits per species, depending o...

The Junggar and Turpan basins of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China, host a well-preserved terrestrial Permo-Triassic boundary sequence exposed along the northern and southern flanks of the Bogda Mountains. During the Permo-Triassic transition, this region was located in mid-latitude northeast Pangaea, making it an important comparis...

Phylogenetic analyses and their resultant tree topologies underlie paleobiological studies. Regardless of the type of study, the relationships of focal taxa are foundational, whether implemented in a qualitative or a quantitative framework. This reliance places a premium on the continued refinement of both phylogenetic methods and inference. Temnos...

Background The Plesiosauria (Sauropterygia) are secondary marine diapsids. They are the only tetrapods to have evolved hydrofoil fore- and hindflippers. Once this specialization of locomotion had evolved, it remained essentially unchanged for 135 Ma. It is still controversial whether plesiosaurs flew underwater, rowed, or used a mixture of the two...

An annotated checklist of the helminth parasites associated with reptiles from Peru is provided, as the result of a compilation of parasitological papers published between 1963 and January 2022 and records of species deposited in national and international collections. The list provides data on hosts, developmental stage, sites of infection, geogra...

The microanatomical features of the intestinal tract mucosa layer in different species of tetrapoda vary according to the type of species, tissue, and function of the targeted cells. In the present study, we have evaluated the histological and histochemical variations of the intestinal tract in four species representing superclass tetrapoda. Bufo r...

Regeneration, the replacement of body parts in a living animal, has excited scientists for centuries and our knowledge of vertebrate appendage regeneration has increased significantly over the past decades. While the ability of amniotes to regenerate body parts is very limited, members of other vertebrate clades have been shown to have rather high...

Assessing biodiversity is the first step towards its successful management and conservation. Lyulin Mountain is located near the city of Sofia, but its fauna is relatively poorly studied. It offers a wide variety of habitats, which suggests the presence of many species of vertebrates. Preliminary studies show that some of them are species of nation...

The pine marten (Martes martes L.) is an endangered and protected species for Bulgaria. It is considered rare, however, the species is understudied in the country. So far, the pine marten’s distribution was considered to include most of the highest mountains in Bulgaria, with largest population segments in the Western Rhodopi Mtns., Central and Wes...

Background The present availability of full genome sequences of a broad range of animal species across the whole range of evolutionary history enables one to ask questions as to the distribution of genes across the chromosomes. Do newly recruited genes, as new clades emerge, distribute at random or at non-random locations? Results We extracted val...

The morphology of the temporal region in the tetrapod skull traditionally has been a widely discussed feature of vertebrate anatomy. The evolution of different temporal openings in Amniota (mammals, birds, and reptiles), Lissamphibia (frogs, salamanders, and caecilians), and several extinct tetrapod groups has sparked debates on the phylogenetic, d...

Vertebrates employ an impressive range of strategies for coordinating their limb movements while walking. Although this gait variation has been quantified and hypotheses for its origins tested in select tetrapod lineages, a comprehensive understanding of gait evolution in a macroevolutionary context is currently lacking. We used freely available in...

Five kinds of footprints have been recovered from the Middle Pennsylvanian Norton Formation in far southwestern Virginia. They are referred to cf. Batrachichnus salamandroides (a basal temnospondyl), cf. Limnopus heterodactylus (an eryopid temnospondyl), aff. Limnopus sp. (a large eryopoid or trematopid temnospondyl), Characichnos isp. (an amniote...

The mosasaurids (Mosasauridae) were a group of lizards that became highly specialized for marine life in the mid-Cretaceous. By the end of the Cretaceous, they had undergone an adaptive radiation, and showed a wide range of body sizes, locomotor styles, and diets. Their ranks included piscivores, apex predators, and durophages. Here, we report a ne...

The Atlantic Forest is a heterogeneous and complex vegetation mosaic caused by variety of climatic, geomorphological, and edaphic conditions. It has long been known that the Atlantic Forest has one of the most diversified biotas on the planet, presenting high levels of endemism. Here, we update the knowledge regarding terrestrial vertebrates occurr...

Chinlechelys tenertesta is a turtle from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation of the Chinle Group of eastern New Mexico, USA, which has largely been ignored in recent studies of the phylogenetic position of turtles (Testudinata) within the Tetrapoda. Here, we present the first comprehensive description of the morphology of Chinlechelys tenertes...

Background: The present availability of full genome sequences of a broad range of animal species across the whole range of evolutionary history enables one to ask questions as to the distribution of genes across the chromosomes. Do newly recruited genes, clade by clade, distribute at random or at non-random locations? Results: We extracted values f...

Embolomeri were semiaquatic predators prevalent in the Carboniferous, with only two species from the early Permian (Cisuralian). A new embolomere, Seroherpeton yangquanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Zoobank Registration number: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:790BEB94-C2CC-4EA4-BE96-2A1BC4AED748, registration: 23 November 2020), is named based on a partial right...

The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognized global macroecological patterns, yet its deep time evolution and drivers remain uncertain. The Late Triassic (237–201 Ma), a critical interval for the early evolution and radiation of modern tetrapod groups (...

Recent efforts have led to the development of extremely sophisticated methods for incorporating tree-wide data and accommodating uncertainty when estimating the temporal patterns of phylogenetic trees, but assignment of prior constraints on node age remains the most important factor. This depends largely on understanding substantive disagreements b...

Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their phenotypic traits and geographical distribution and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, genomic resources are very limited for this group of species, consequently inhibiting research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the...

Gymnophiona, the most poorly known group of extant amphibians, includes elongated limbless tetrapods, with compact ossified skulls and reduced eyes, mainly adapted to fossorial life (only the Typhlonectidae exhibits adaptations for an aquatic or semiaquatic behavior). Caecilians are poorly represented in the fossil record, and despite the low numbe...

The decline in species richness from the equator to the poles is referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG). Higher equatorial diversity has been recognised for over 200 years, but the consistency of this pattern in deep time remains uncertain. Examination of spatial biodiversity patterns in the past across different global climate reg...

Reptiles belong to the Tetrapod class. Reptiles also evolved in their descendants. The first reptile distribution at the beginning of the Permium, which is the last Paleozoic. Since that time the reptile branch has continued to develop.

55 Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии № 4 (67) декабрь' 2018 Д.Н. Медников ФИЛОГЕНЕЗ ВЕРХНЕЙ КОНЕЧНОСТИ: ОТ ПЛАВНИКА К ПЯТИПАЛОЙ КОНЕЧНОСТИ Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, г. Москва Предковый для тетраподной конечности плавник обладал бисериальной структурой. Конечности первых четвероногих также имели бисе...

There is no consensus about how terrestrial biodiversity was assembled through deep time, and in particular whether it has risen exponentially over the Phanerozoic. Using a database of 60 859 fossil occurrences, we show that the spatial extent of the worldwide terrestrial tetrapod fossil record itself expands exponentially through the Phanerozoic....

The origin and evolution of the vertebrate skull have been topics of intense study for more than two centuries. Whereas early theories of skull origin, such as the influential vertebral theory, have been largely refuted with respect to the anterior (pre‐otic) region of the skull, the posterior (post‐otic) region is known to be derived from the ante...

The taphonomic and ecological features of the predominantly non-marine fauna and terrestrial flora from two deltaic sandstones in the middle part of the Mospinka Formation (Upper Bashkirian, Lower Pennsylvanian) were studied. The non-marine fauna of the Carboniferous of the Donets Basin is extremely poorly studied. Currently, many groups of animals...

Riassunto. È stato fatto un censimento dei principali database digitali esistenti contenenti record distributivi delle specie di tetrapodi nel Veneto. Per ogni database sono state analizzate diverse proprietà tra cui la copertura tassonomica, quella temporale e quella spaziale, l'abbondanza di record, la consultabilità e l'utilizzabilità. I databas...

The origin of extant amphibians has been studied using several sources of data and methods, including phylogenetic analyses of morphological data, molecular dating, stratigraphic data, and integration of ossification sequence data, but a consensus about their affinities with other Paleozoic tetrapods has failed to emerge. We have compiled five data...

Due to its scientific importance and its characteristic morphology, we have selected the skull of Madygenerpeton as a reference object for tests of digital imaging and replication. The uniqueness of the specimen makes it worthwhile for both digital and analogue represen-tation. Numerous minute tubercles that cover the skull of Madygenerpeton are st...

Fishes are a paraphyletic group composed by craniates except for the four-limbed clade Tetrapoda. This group was the only vertebrate representative until the Devonian but now comprises almost half of the vertebrate species, dominating nearly all aquatic environments. The fossil record is the key to understand the ancient paleobiodiversity and the p...

This paper deals with acro-and basipodial variability in Tetrapoda on the whole and in Amphibia and Reptilia in particular. The variability analysis by "method of spectra" (Kovalenko, 1996) was applied. The characters, chosen for the analysis, were shown to combine with each other in an unfree way. The regularities of their combination were found....

Development and evolution of the pelvic girdle in Tetrapoda

Sleep is a vital and complex behavior, identified in nearly all animals. Based on studies on cats and humans conducted in the 50’s, sleep was separated into two distinct sleep states: slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep (or REM sleep). Those two states were identified based on electroencephalographic, physiological and behavioral parameters. Base...

Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their traits and geographical distribution and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, high-quality genomic recourses are very limited for this group of species, which inhibits some research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the c...

Coprolites are of extreme importance in paleoecological analysis, since they reveal several feeding behavior and biological interactions sometimes inaccessible by the means of body fossils analysis. Besides, their appearance represent the presence of vertebrate animals in certain geological deposits (e.g. rich arthropod trace fossils suites). This...

During past years different studies have attempted to describe the tetrapod fauna of Iran, most of which have focused on the herpetofauna. However there is no coherent study of the endemic species of Tetrapoda in Iran. In this study, we provide a list of endemic species of Tetrapoda in Iran, mention their habitat, distribution, their conservation s...

During past years different studies have attempted to describe the tetrapod fauna of Iran, most of which have focused on the herpetofauna. However there is no coherent study of the endemic species of Tetrapoda in Iran. In this study, we provide a list of endemic species of Tetrapoda in Iran, mention their habitat, distribution, their conservation s...

In alle organismen met een hart vervult dit orgaan een vitale functie, namelijk bloed doorheen het lichaam pompen. Bloed voorziet het lichaam en de organen van de nodige voedingstoffen en zuurstof en verwijdert afvalstoffen en CO2. Toen vissen het water inruilden voor het land, onderging het hart een aantal ingrijpende veranderingen. Hierdoor evolu...

Vertebrata/Craniata, ‘Ostracodermi’, Pteraspidomorphi, Tetrapoda, Amniota, Synapsida, Mammalia, Primates, Haplorhini, Hominidae, Homo sapiens, lateral sensory (canal) line & pore systems, geology, palaeontology, evolutionary trend, origin, homology, philosophy of sciences, history of sciences, science, pseudo-sciences, relativism, Leonardo da Vinci...

This article presents a synthesis of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossil tetrapods from Greenland, including an updated review of the holotypes and a new photographic record of the main specimens. All fossil tetrapods found are from East Greenland, with at least 30 different known taxa: five stem tetrapods (Acanthostega gunnari, Ichthyostega eigili, I....

An extensive karyotype variation is found among species belonging to the Columbidae family of birds (Columbiformes), both in diploid number and chromosomal morphology. Although clusters of repetitive DNA sequences play an important role in chromosomal instability, and therefore in chromosomal rearrangements, little is known about their distribution...

The Carboniferous and early Permian were critical intervals in the diversification of early four-limbed vertebrates (tetrapods), yet the major patterns of diversity and biogeography during this time remain unresolved. Previous estimates suggest that global tetrapod diversity rose continuously across this interval and that habitat fragmentation foll...

After new studies were carried out in the Lopingian Val Gardena Sandstone of northern Italy, in the Recoaro area (Venetian Prealps, NE Italy), the following tetrapod ichnotaxa are identified: cf. Capitosauroides isp., cf. Merifontichnus isp., Pachypes isp., Paradoxichnium isp., and Rynchosauroides isp., probably corresponding to ?parareptile, capto...

The question of how tetrapod limbs evolved from fins is one of the great puzzles of evolutionary biology. While palaeontologists, developmental biologists, and geneticists have made great strides in explaining the origin and early evolution of limb skeletal structures, that of the muscles remains largely unknown. The main reason is the lack of cons...

Tom 66 2017 Numer 3 (316) Strony 441-447 DWA SPOSOBY ROZWOJU KRESOMÓZGOWIA U SZCZĘKOWCÓW: INWERSJA I EWERSJA Wyróżnia się dwa typy budowy morfolo-gicznej kresomózgowia szczękowców, za któ-re odpowiedzialne są przeciwstawne procesy: ewersja i inwersja. U większości taksonów kręgowców wystę-puje inwersja kresomózgowia. Proces ten ma miejsce u czworon...

The late Palaeozoic is a pivotal period for the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Generalised warming and aridification trends resulted in profound floral and faunal turnover as well as increased levels of endemism. The patchiness of well-preserved, late Permian terrestrial ecosystems, however, complicates attempts to reconstruct a coherent, glo...

Major transformations in brain size and proportions, such as the enlargement of the brain during the evolution of birds, are accompanied by profound modifications to the skull roof. However, the hypothesis of concerted evolution of shape between brain and skull roof over major phylogenetic transitions, and in particular of an ontogenetic relationsh...

La subclase Pentastomida engloba a endoparásitos que habitan predominantemente en el tracto respiratorio de reptiles carnívoros, como los ofidios, quienes actúan como hospederos definitivos. Además, algunos pentastómidos como Porocephalus sp. tienen potencial zoonótico. Si bien Latinoamérica posee una gran diversidad de ofidios en sus diferentes ec...

La subclase Pentastomida engloba a endoparásitos que habitan predominantemente en el tracto respiratorio de reptiles carnívoros, como los ofidios, quienes actúan como hospederos definitivos. Además, algunos pentastómidos como Porocephalus sp. tienen potencial zoonótico. Si bien Latinoamérica posee una gran diversidad de ofidios en sus diferentes ec...

The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably red...

The FOXP subfamily is probably the most extensively characterized subfamily of the forkhead superfamily, playing important roles in development and homeostasis in vertebrates. Intrinsically disorder protein regions (IDRs) are protein segments that exhibit multiple physical interactions and play critical roles in various biological processes, includ...

Establishing the homology of the zygomatic or jugal bone and tracing its origin and early evolution represents a complex issue because of large morphological gaps between various groups of vertebrates. Using recent paleontological findings, we discuss the deep homology of the zygomatic or jugal bone in stem gnathostomes (placoderms) and examine its...

Dentre os tetrápodes basais, os temnospôndilos se configuram como um dos grupos mais numerosos e diversos do registro fóssil, especialmente da metade do Permiano até o final do Triássico. No Brasil, estão registrados no Permiano (formações Pedra de Fogo e Rio do Rasto) e no Triássico (Supersequências Sanga do Cabral e Santa Maria). O espécime aqui...

Triadobatrachus massinoti is a batrachian known from a single fossil from the Early Triassic of Madagascar that presents a combination of apomorphic salientian and plesiomorphic batrachian characters. Herein we offer a revised description of the specimen based on X-ray micro-tomography data. We report previously unknown caudal vertebrae, possible m...

Myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes belong to a multigene family, and the regulated expression of each member determines the physiological and contractile muscle properties. Among these, MYH6, MYH7, and MYH14 occupy unique positions in the mammalian MYH gene family because of their specific expression in slow/cardiac muscles and the existence of introni...

Mammalia (Vertebrata: Tetrapoda) em desenhos animados do cenário infanto-juvenil dos últimos 40 anos Vertebrata é o grupo de animais mais familiares aos seres humanos entre os seres vivos atuais. Muitos desses animais estão presentes no cotidiano, sejam como animais de estimação, usados na alimentação ou trabalho. Independente da associação, o fato...

Wyróżnia się dwa typy budowy morfolo-gicznej kresomózgowia szczękowców, za które odpowiedzialne są przeciwstawne procesy: ewersja i inwersja. U większości taksonów kręgowców występuje inwersja kresomózgowia. Proces ten ma miejsce u czworonogów (Tetrapoda), u ryb chrzęstnych (Chondrichthyes) oraz ryb kost-nych (Osteichthyes), z wyjątkiem promienio-p...

Stereospondyls are a diverse and morphologically distinctive clade of basal tetrapods that rapidly reached a global distribution and high abundance during the Early Triassic. Yet, the first stereospondyls appeared in the Middle–Late Permian of Gondwana, mostly represented by Rhinesuchidae. Australerpeton cosgriffi is a long-snouted representative o...

Almost all extant testudinids are highly associated with terrestrial habitats and the few tortoises with high affinity to aquatic environments are found within the genus Manouria. Manouria belongs to a clade which forms a sister taxon to all remaining tortoises and is suitable as a model for studying evolutionary transitions within modern turtles....

this research tetrapod have been utilized for breakwater cover layer or armour layer. The effect of wave duration on the armor layer tetrapod stability was studied. The models were run in the irregular wave flume, where Bretschneider spectrum may be generated attacking the breakwater. The waves were set to break before reaching the breakwater...