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Dietary composition provides valuable insights into a species' behavior, foraging ecology, and habitat use, which are crucial for both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. In recent decades, Chinese pangolin populations have been declining due to poaching and habitat loss, making it crucial to understand their ecological needs for effective co...
The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, is challenged by the significant energy expenditures of tunnel construction for resource discovery. Subterranean termites use idiothetic mechanisms to explore large spaces, while the use of resource-specific cues for localized search is disputed. Here, termite response to wood mulch, termit...
Plant traits affect wood decomposition. Far less acknowledged, wood trait–decay relationships may vary with environmental conditions that alter the spatiotemporal distribution of decomposer activities. Unfavourable environments can suppress decomposer activities and weaken the wood trait–decay relationships. We hypothesize that waterlogged soils in...
The Oriental termite genus, Speculitermes (Termitidae: Apicotermitinae) was previously considered soldierless, as soldiers
are rarely encountered. Among the 12 species of Speculitermes, soldier caste is described only for three species. Herewith
we report hitherto undescribed soldier caste of S. dharwarensis for the first time with additional rec...
In general, the weakness of particle board is its low strength. This research aims to increase the strength of particle board through modification of particle board in the form of hybrid particleboard (HPb). In this research, HPb was made using Cotylelobium melanoxylon for the core layer and Gigantochloa pruriens, Bambusa vulgaris, and Gigantochloa...
The study of Reticulitermes chinensis offers valuable insights into insect aging and longevity, focusing on telomere biology and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Telomeres, the protective cap at chromosome ends, are often linked to cellular aging and lifespan. Through transcriptomic analysis using the RepeatExplorer tool, a total of 10,740 SSR loci...
Fungus‐farming termites cultivate a Termitomyces fungus monoculture in enclosed gardens (combs) free of other fungi, except during colony declines, where Pseudoxylaria spp. stowaway fungi appear and take over combs. Here, we determined Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of healthy Macrotermes bellicosus nests in nature and VOC changes associated wit...
Plastic pollution is one of the biggest current global threats to the environment given that petroleum-based plastic is recalcitrant and can stay in the environment for decades, even centuries, depending on the specific plastic type. Since less than 10% of all plastic made is recycled, and the other solutions (such as incineration or landfill stora...
Termitophiles are organisms completely dependent on termites, completing at least part of their life cycle within the termite colony. In the subfamily Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae), the tribe Corotocini, which is exclusively composed of termitophilous species, exhibits extreme body modifications. After eclosion from the pupal chamber, and once findi...
Objective: To evaluate the performance of two fipronil Insecticides (Domanil 50 SC and Saadnil 5% SC) for controlling termites attacking sugarcane setts. Treatments: Domanil 50 SC at 640 ml/fed (32 g.a.i.) Saadnil 5% SC at 640 ml/fed (32 g.a.i.) Shuonil 5% SC at 640 ml/fed, (counterpart) (32 g.a.i.) Untreated control Material and Methods: Results:...
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Umbrella 55% EC (Chlorpyrifos 50 EC / 5% Cypermethrin) for controlling termite infestations on seedcane cuttings. Treatments: Umbrella 55% EC at 1.875 l/fed (103.1 g.a.i) Umbrella 55% EC at 1.500 l/fed (82.5 g.a.i) Umbrella 55% EC at 1.125 l/ fed (61.9 g.a.i) Tricel 48% EC at 1.0 l/fed (standard) (48.0 g....
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Combat 20% SL and Punto 200 SL insecticides in controlling termites on seedcane setts.
This presentation focuses on assessment of performance of two Fipronil Insecticides (Shuonil 5% SC and Turbo 20% FC) for controlling Termites (Blattodea: Termitidae) Attacking seedcane cuttings at Kenana Sugar Company Farm, White Nile State, Sudan.
This presentation focuses on evaluation of the Efficacy of Oracloprid 200 SL (Imidacloprid) Insecticide to Control Termites (Blatodea: Termitidae), Pests of Seedcane Setts at Kenana Sugar Company Farm, White Nile state, Sudan
The use of termite mound soil as a construction material has the potential for sustainable and cost-effective building practices due to its abundance. This research aims to utilize the enzymatic properties of termite mound soil to improve the production of stabilized soil blocks, focusing on enhancing strength, durability, and sustainability. Cemen...
Termites are considered by the general public as pests, but their presence can be a bioindicator of environmental quality. This is because termites have a functional role as Soil Ecosystem Engginers. Alas Bromo University Forest has various stands that can influence the presence of soil macrofauna, one of which is termites. The aim of the research...
Lightning strikes are a common source of disturbance in tropical forests, and a typical strike generates large quantities of dead wood. Lightning‐damaged trees are a consistent resource for tropical saproxylic (i.e., dead wood‐dependent) organisms, but patterns of consumer colonization and succession following lightning strikes are not known. Here,...
Arinana A, Ardiansyah F, Andika R, Tarmadi D, Satimo. 2025. Identification of subterranean termites and their attack characteristics on settlements in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 22-35. The increase in termite attacks on buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia coinciding with the city's construction boom, is reshaping environmental dynam...
Decaying of wood is a major factor in modelling global carbon emissions and their effect on climate change. When not properly considered, trees used in urban greening have been observed to cause hazards and do a disservice in terms of carbon storage due to their degradation. This degradation process is aided by species properties and climatic and b...
The current research focused on the synthesis of two series of pyrazole derivatives and evaluation of their insecticidal effectiveness. In the first series, seven pyrazole Schiff bases 3a-g were successfully synthesized with yields (79–95%) by condensing phenylfuran-2-carbaldehyde with substituted pyrazole rings. In the second series, eleven amino...
Termitomyces mushrooms, known for their symbiotic relationship with termites and their high nutritional and medicinal value, are challenging to cultivate artificially due to their specific growth requirements. This study investigates the impact of arginine on the mycelial growth, development, and lignocellulolytic capabilities of Termitomyces. We f...
Termites are a lineage of social cockroaches abundant in tropical ecosystems where they are key decomposers of organic matter from wood to soil. Despite their ecological significance, only a handful of reference-quality termite genomes have been sequenced, which is insufficient to unravel the genetic mechanisms that have contributed to their ecolog...
Tree hollows are critical habitat for many species globally, and fauna studies often include assessments of hollow abundance. However, traditional ground‐based surveys for hollows can be inaccurate, either over‐ or under‐estimating hollow abundance and/or accessibility. In order to address this inaccuracy, ground‐based hollow counts have previously...
Wood-destroying termites are quite influential in Indonesia, and the subterranean termite Schedorhinotermes javanicus is one of them. This study was conducted to determine the feeding preferences of subterranean termites S. javanicus on tusam (Pinus merkusii) wood and the influence of their environment. The bait woods made of tusam boards were inst...
Background
Fungus gardens of the termite Odontotermes formosanus , excavated from Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, were subsequently incubated under laboratory conditions. A Xylaria species emerging from these fungus gardens was initially identified as X. angulosa , a species originally described from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Iriom...
The study uncovers the promising anti-termite properties of Eucalyptus pellita bark extract, a resource often discarded as industrial waste in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry. It investigates the anti-termite efficacy of various extracts from E. pellita bark and identifies the extract with the highest activity, followed by a comprehensive...
This study evaluates the chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological properties of untreated and heat-treated Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb ex L.f.) D.Don wood from the Azores, Portugal. Heat treatment was performed at 212 °C for 2 h following the Thermo-D class protocol. Chemical analysis revealed an increase in ethanol soluble extractives and li...
Symbiosis with chemoautotrophic bacteria has evolved in many animal lineages inhabiting reducing habitats such as hydrothermal vents, allowing these holobionts to thrive in dark biospheres. In certain instances, the symbionts have become intracellular, residing within specialised bacteriocytes. The integration of microbial symbionts with eukaryotic...
Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb. is a Fabaceae family genus that prolifically grows as a weed in southern regions of India and is known for insect-repellent activity. The purpose of the current study is to assess the efficacy of anti-termite activity of the different solvents extracts and formulations of C. ramosissima against Odontotermes obesus which...
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of three thermal-modified wood species when exposed to weathering in urban and maritime/industrial environments and their durability against subterranean termites. The wood species studied were Maritime pine, ash, and blackwood acacia. All wood samples were exposed to two di...
Insect pests represent a threat to the integrity of historic buildings and homes, causing serious losses and irreversible damage. These pests can cause extensive damage to organic materials, including wood, textiles, and paper. Beetles, termites, booklice, moths, and cockroaches are just some of the main insect pests that are frequently found in hi...
Ant-eating mammals represent a textbook example of convergent evolution. Among them, anteaters and pangolins exhibit the most extreme convergent phenotypes with complete tooth loss, elongated skulls, protruding tongues, and hypertrophied salivary glands producing large amounts of saliva. However, comparative genomic analyses have shown that anteate...
Social insects build robust nests to physically defend their colonies against attacks by predators and the intrusion of parasites and pathogens. While many previous studies on termite nests have focused on their physical defense functions, their nests also harbor various microorganisms that play a role in maintaining the colony’s hygienic environme...
In many Countries, watershed development plays a significant role in rural development and natural resource management plans. The baseline survey study is crucial to address biophysical and socioeconomic-related issues before CALM P4R implements its community-based participatory integrated watershed management program at a chosen watershed. The goa...
Aboveground ecosystem structure moderates and even confers essential ecosystem functions. This includes an ecosystem’s carbon dynamics, which are strongly influenced by its structure: for example, tropical savannas like those in central Kenya store substantial amounts of carbon in soil. Savannas’ belowground allocation of carbon makes them importan...
Eco-enzyme is a fermentation product that uses organic waste as a base material in addition to sugar and water. The fermentation process is carried out under anaerobic conditions with the help of microorganisms from organic materials, producing a valuable liquid as an environmentally friendly pesticide, such as a termite repellent. This study aims...
Microbial communities have shown promising potential in degrading complex biopolymers, producing value‐added products through collaborative metabolic functionality. Hence, developing synthetic microbial consortia has become a predominant technique for various biotechnological applications. However, diverse microbial entities in a consortium can eng...
Clustering and routing approaches helps in addressing the design challenges which are primarily responsible for achieving energy efficiency and network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Swarm-Intelligence (SI) based algorithms helps in determining optimal or near optimal solutions to the problems of Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP)-hard...
Chirp of a cricket or drone of cicadas indicate the arrival of summer, a way in which we are bound to nature through insects. Insects are musicians creating a coherent sound containing melodic and harmonic content, and instrumentalists making sound through the use of specialized body parts but are not vocalists that produce sound with a larynx. Mem...
There are various compounds to increase the natural resistance of wood, but they can be harmful to humans, domestic animals and the environment. Natural products are therefore being researched to ensure the sustainability of the environment, human health and reduce the use of traditional products. The objective of this research was to evaluate the...
Lophomonas blattarum is a flagellated protozoan parasite found in cockroaches' and termites' hindgut. It can rarely cause bronchopulmonary infection in humans, especially in people with other comorbidities or immunocompromised, but the prevalence and characterization of the disease remains poorly understood. In this case report, we present a case o...
Mangroves in the coastal region of Maros Regency represent a critical ecosystem that plays a vital role in coastal protection, marine habitat provision, and climate change mitigation. However, these mangroves face numerous threats, including pest infestations that can severely damage the ecosystem. This study aims to (1) identify the types of pest...
Biyomimikri, mimari tasarımda doğanın milyarlarca yıllık evrimsel süreçte geliştirdiği stratejilerden ilham alarak sürdürülebilir ve yenilikçi çözümler sunmayı amaçlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu teknik, enerji verimliliği, malzeme kullanımı ve çevresel uyum gibi alanlarda etkili çözümler üretirken, form, süreç ve ekosistem seviyelerinde uygulanabilmekte...
This paper presents a comprehensive checklist of termites found in Kerala, including their district-wise distribution. A total of 93 species from three families and 34 genera are documented. Among these, Termitidae emerges as the dominant family, encompassing 76 species from 27 genera across four subfamilies. The recent additions to the termite fau...
This study focused on enhancing the properties of inferior short-rotation teak (SRT) wood through impregnation with lactic acid (LA)-based treatments, aiming to improve its dimensional stability, biological durability, and thermal stability. Applying a vacuum-pressure of 12.2 bar for two hours, followed by curing at 150 °C and 180 °C, the research...
Anacanthotermes turkestanicus is a termite species that causes significant damage to wooden structures, cultural heritage sites, and agricultural facilities in Central Asia. Traditional chemical control methods, such as the use of synthetic insecticides, pose environmental risks and often provide only temporary relief. This study explores the devel...
The South Asian subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola is a serious hazard to agriculture due to its destructive feeding habits and resistance to conventional pesticides. Toxic effects of Acacia nilotica and Bauhinia alba leaf extracts were investigated on the termite mortality and their impact on termite gut microbiota. Extracts were evaluate...
Social interactions represent a double-edged sword. On one hand, sociality can facilitate sanitary collective behaviours; on the other hand, it creates opportunities for pathogen transmission. In termites, sanitary behaviours can entail a rescuing strategy at early stages of infection, followed by the elimination at later stages. We explored whethe...
Human activities have significantly transformed Earth’s ecosystems and biodiversity, with over 75% of ice-free land altered due to habitation and land use. The 2023 planetary boundaries framework update indicates that six out of nine critical boundaries for Earth’s health have been breached, highlighting the urgent need to reduce anthropogenic envi...
Recycled pine wood pallets serve as a viable alternative material for diverse construction and furnishing applications. However, its durability requires enhancement to increase resistance to termites, fungi, and other deleterious agents. Coating treatment is one method to enhance the durability of recycled pine wood pallets. Applying a coating to w...
The growing global demand for sustainable energy solutions has intensified the exploration of novel biological systems for renewable energy production. Among these, insect gut microbes have emerged as a promising resource due to their unique ability to degrade lignocellulosic biomass, a major component of plant cell walls. The metabolic potential o...
A twelve-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis) grown on seaweed as a dietary protein source in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total of 600 live African catfish specimens were used in the investigation, which were divided into four groups (ATD0, ATD1, ATD2, and ATD3) depend...
The snouted harvester termite (Trinervitermes trinervoides (Sjöstedt, 1911)) is a widespread grass-eating termite species that constructs thermoregulated dome-shaped mounds. However, little is known about the influence of these mounds on the arthropod assemblage structure in the surrounding grassland matrix, and whether the mounds represent ecologi...
Termite symbiotic bacteria have potential as a biological agent that has not been extensively researched. This research aims to uncover the potential of termite symbiotic bacteria as a biological agent against the damping off disease (Sclerotium rolfsii) in soybean plants. The research was conducted in the plant protection laboratory, biosciences l...
Kerala, situated in southern India, provides an ideal environment for Termitomyces mushrooms due to its warm temperatures, high humidity, and monsoon-driven rainfall. These termite-associated mushrooms thrive well in nutrient-rich soils like laterite, forest loam, and coastal sandy, supporting their symbiotic relationship with termites of the Macro...
Accreditation activities are critical for an institution pursuing excellent recognition. However, the segmented approach to records or document management employed for accreditation, which relies on paper-based records, has several flaws. Impediments such as misplacement, crumpling, termites, and other conditions that might result in damaged or los...
The study aims to assess the health condition of mangrove forests on Ambon Island using the approach of tree damage value, forest damage and tree productivity value. The study was conducted in the Mangrove Forest area at 128014’40.680” N and 3038’6.358 S on Ambon Island. The study at the tree level consisted of 3 clusters of 4 subplots measuring 1...
Termite life cycle optimizer (TLCO) is a recently introduced swarm intelligence metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the intricate behaviors exhibited by termite colonies, demonstrating competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms. However, the original TLCO encounters challenges related to unbalanced exploration and exploit...
Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) is an urban termite pest that is controlled by chemical applications. We investigated the effect of the association of Isaria farinosa (Holm: Fries) Fries, I. fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith, and I. javanica (Frieder & Bally) Samson & Hywell-Jones with the extracts of Libidibia ferrea var. ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.)...
We assessed acceptability of two flours and porridges of complementary foods based on germinated grain amaranth and maize with or without edible termites and dagaa small fish named “Winfood Classic” (WFC) and “Winfood Lite” (WFL), respectively, compared to Corn Soy Blend Plus (CSB+) among mothers and young children. A total of 57 children consumed...
The diversity of traditional foods in Kisumu West District of Western Kenya was assessed with an aim to identify the foods with a potential for complementary feeding. Leaves were the most consumed plant part amongst vegetables, while a few fruits were consumed together with their seeds. Amaranthus cruentus L. was found to be consumed as a leafy veg...
Distillation process of aromatic plants produces a considerable amount of solid residues, which are rich in secondary metabolites known as bioactive compounds. In this context, residues from hydrodistillation of selected aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita L., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, have been studied for t...
In recent years, wooden structures have been being gradually replaced by reinforced concrete and brick buildings. Although a conservation system has been established in Indonesia, specific conservation and repair guidelines for traditional wooden buildings have not been well-regulated. This paper takes the omo sebua as a research subject, aims to c...