Science topic

Technology Transfer - Science topic

Spread and adoption of inventions and techniques from one geographic area to another, from one discipline to another, or from one sector of the economy to another. For example, improvements in medical equipment may be transferred from industrial countries to developing countries, advances arising from aerospace engineering may be applied to equipment for persons with disabilities, and innovations in science arising from government research are made available to private enterprise.
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Dear Researchers,
As part of my PhD research at Université Cadi Ayyad, I am conducting a study on knowledge transfer among Moroccan researchers in the field of science and technology. The goal of this research is to better understand the dynamics of knowledge transfer and its impact on innovation in Morocco.
I would greatly appreciate your participation in this anonymous questionnaire, which will take only a few minutes of your time. Your insights will be invaluable in contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of knowledge transfer in fostering scientific and technological progress in Morocco.
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That fine. Its good to generalise your findings. Surely, I will try to respond by filling in your questionnaire.
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Following
and
which commercial technology is available ?
Probably is not necessary an head set and spirits of priests can be lead and activated with meditation like REIKI
What do you think ? This is an AI topic
Diego Moretti
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commercial technology can control brain ?
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Dear Participants- Faculty and Researchers from Pakistani Higher Education Institutions,
Thank you for participating in research study that aims to 'Analyze Individual and Institutional Factors in Commercialization of Research in Pakistani Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)'.
Your participation in this research is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various factors that impact research commercialization within academic institutions. The information you provide will be treated with strict confidentiality.
Survey is divided into 2 parts i.e. Part A and Part B, please take your time and fill both the surveys. You are requested to type last 5 digits of your phone number in the forms, as your unique identifier. This unique code will help researcher link your survey Part-A and survey Part-B together.
Survey Link:
Appreciate you take time and fill this survey by August 19, 2024.
Thank you,
Tasneem Ilyas
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I am a tutor at Gulf College in Oman, Department of Business and Management Studies. It gives me a great chance to participate with you. Tasneem Ilyas
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Our world has many kind of languages. Some languages have important contribution for our lives. For example we can learn a lot of sciences and technologies transfer from that language. But the other ones maybe ourselves don't find any advantages to study that language. Looks like just waste our time. What is your opinion about this topics ?
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Thank you for your insight Rhianon Allen, and Victoria Sethunya.
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Nigeria's data on tertiary education attainment, research and development, international technology transfer, and domestic technology investment from 1990 - 2021. Regards
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Thanks for the update
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Dear colleagues.
I am thinking about the possibility of developing a predictive model applied to technology transfer processes in healthcare, its main intention in anticipating the success achieved by the parties involved. Computationally, is this possible?
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Bondar-Podhurskaya Oksana Hi, do you have any suggestions for methods?
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Numerous countries in the global south, particularly in Africa, Latin America, and south Asia, have struggled to grasp the technology transfer process. In these countries, technology conceptions, incubation, and entrepreneurship, as well as startup drafts left on desks prior to initial trial and implementation— Why? Probably. Keeping in your mind the political ecosystem and economic instability are two issues that these countries frequently confront, while other world leading nations' occasionally face, too. What, in your thinking, are the causes behind this failure? And how do they uproot the root causes--either in collaboration or independently?
1.Why?
2. Why?
3. Why?
What lesson left over from Asian tigers catch up development to the rest of the world--herein?
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Dear Haimanot,
Yes, that's right. The key factor of economic development is the wealth of the economy and economic entities in particular categories of production factors, including production factors and / or resources enabling the offering of specific services. According to the first trend in the history of economic thought, the school of classical economics includes various resources, raw materials, processed factors of production, etc. classified under three headings: land, labor, capital, among the three key categories of production factors. However, during the 3rd technological revolution in the second half of the 20th century, the development of information technology, ICT information technologies, the development of information and other services based on these technologies, followed by the development of the Internet and other types of technologies, including Industry 4.0, technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution ( e.g. robotics, artificial intelligence, learning machines, Internet of Things, smart technologies, cloud computing, computerized multidimensional simulation models, Blockchain etc.) this three-element classification of production factors (factors of economic growth) has proved insufficient. In the context of neoclassical trends in economic thought that have been developing since the 1970s, the growing importance of such factors of production processes as: technology, information, data, innovation, entrepreneurship is indicated. In developing economies that aspire to become rich and fully developed economies in the future, having advanced, modern technologies of production and / or offering services is a particularly important development factor. Developing economies are also often knowledge-based economies. In knowledge-based economies, new technologies are becoming one of the key factors of production, economic development and comparative advantage. First of all, information technologies and Industry 4.0. As a result, international technology transfer is sometimes deliberately restricted. On the other hand, internationally operating forms of technology significantly contribute to technology transfer through direct investment carried out in other countries. The pandemic, through the increase in the scale of digitization and internationalization of economic processes, could accelerate this kind of cross-border flow of knowledge and information regarding the methods and techniques of production processes and offering services. Moreover, the ongoing economic and information globalization is also a factor accelerating the processes of cross-border transfer of new technologies. In addition, in the face of growing global problems, such as the health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, the growing climate crisis caused by climate change, the progressing global warming process, more frequent droughts and forest fires, increasing environmental pollution, etc. international cooperation should be developed in order to increase the effectiveness of solving global problems of civilization development. As part of this cooperation, new eco-innovations and pro-environmental technologies should be implemented into production processes as soon as possible and should be disseminated on a global scale. The current and future climate change, the growing global climate crisis, like the pandemic, is a global problem. Therefore, solving this kind of key global problems of the development of civilization, creating new, effective instruments for solving these global problems should also be carried out at the international and global level. Therefore, new technologies that are used to solve these global problems should also be available to all countries of the world. In 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic caused a deep economic crisis in the economies of many countries. The scale of the crisis was very diversified depending on the branch and sector structure of the economy. In 2021, thanks to the interventionist, anti-crisis instruments of public aid offered to enterprises and companies in crisis, it was possible to quickly lead the economies out of the economic crisis of 2020. One of the important factors of anti-crisis state aid are also targeted subsidies for the implementation of new investment projects in which modern technologies are used. Efficiently applied anti-crisis programs of socio-economic policy contribute to the growth of entrepreneurship and innovation of companies, enterprises and other types of economic entities. However, on a supra-national scale, international trade wars are still waged between some of the world's major economies, and barriers to the transfer of modern technologies and the flow of production factors are still applied. Such restrictive measures contribute to a slowdown in economic development and limited availability of new technologies for developing countries. On the other hand, globally operating international corporations and the information globalization developing thanks to the Internet contribute to the dissemination of technology on an international scale.
Best regards,
Dariusz
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Research has long been evaluated from a scientific quality lens. The technology transfer and associated aspects lens for economic impacts is also in youth. Emergence is in the field of societal impacts. Which is the best journal to publish such work done from a engineering perspective.
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I need to identify the KPI's for the technology transfer on the basis of the skill and raw materials. I want to know what are the key performance indicators for shifting any technology from one place to another places by focusing on two main constraints i.e. skills of workers and raw materials.
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Hi,
who would be the actor doing the shifting?
e.g. if you need to widen your perspective from traditional to wide, you might need 3rd parties to help you to do it and then KPIs should be measured from the service provider (are they talented enough to do it):
Traditional and extended fleets in literature and practice: Definition and untapped potential
Best collaboration practices in supply chain of technical wholesale items
Logistics service provider as a business growth enabler and supply chain synchronizer
Or if you do it internally, do you have proper framework to notice what you need to be able to start to look outside of your own field to find solutions (technology) to transfer into your context?
Systematic literature review and research gap issues on third party logistics operators selecting WMS for efficient operations for customers
A development of the warehouse management system selection framework as academic-industrial collaboration work with sustainability considerations
B.R.,
Assoc. Prof. Ari Happonen
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If a company that produces equipment / technology that used by other companies adopts technology, how can we see the adoption process from the perspective of the company that uses the equipment / technology produced by the company? In other words how does adoption move from one company to another? What methodology is suitable for this view?
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This is typically examined by the company that sells its technology by using "case-studies". The case-studies are formulaic but unique to each company and typically examine time gained, the profit gained, and other efficiencies.
Be aware that most case studies are written by marketing teams for use as promotional materials and will not let researchers interview their customers or disclose a customer list. You can typically find the case studies that are available for the public on the manufacturer's website.
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In the current climes of digital transformation, cloud adoption, big data and Artificial Intelligence, etc., there is a need for every forward thinking organization to have in place a framework or mechanism for technology transfer. What exactly is a technology transfer framework and how can it help with the advancement of any organization?
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Thank you Fareed for the excellent resources.
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This patent (Technological Intellectual Property) is in the process of transferring technology to a private company that will commercialize it on the market.
There is the cash flow method with exponential regression based on cost .... This approach, I believe, is simple and does not consider other qualitative and quantitative important aspects of technological assets.
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One of the advantages that I see in making use of DCF is using the risk adjusted hurdle rate table from [1]. I think the values of the RAHR have some of the qualitative and quantitative elements that have provided me with some of the most useful evaluation criteria to pursue a project and present them to investors. The RAHR values can be further refined to fit your needs and leverage a well known method of valuation.
[1] Valuation and Dealmaking of Technology-Based Intellectual Property: Principles, Methods and Tools by Richard Razgaitis
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I have samples from tumor and adjacent tissue ( NAT) under a variety of conditions. I do not have a lab to do omic analysis .I am seeking suggestions on which commercial research labs or academic institutions would provide such service at the best price possible.Thanks
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I am looking for experts in establishing technology transfer offices in Universities / Colleges.
I need help to set the important KPIs to ensure that the TT office is sustainable.
Pls share any information or article with me that is related to the topic.
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This an area of great adventure, the TTO has contributed significantly to certain universities like MIT and Stanford but have been an utter failure in most other universities. The success of TTO is determined by certain capabilities, and key is probably the leadership that heads and manages this entity - which needs to have skills and experiences that are both academic and commercial. Most TTO fail to bridge the gap between research and monetization of this research with collaborative involvement of private industry stakeholders like - company that acquires this research and funds/VCs that finance this research.
I am herewith attaching some papers that you would find interesting to understand issues facing TTOs and how you can evolve a model to evaluate their effectiveness (KPIs).
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The examples from Asian and African countries where China has made lots of technological and financial assistance, would be a guideline for countries that are willing to begin cooperation in this area.
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Hi,
Can someone suggest of a university that can accommodate a possible short university attachment (1 - 3 months) for collaborative research in the area of market-oriented R&D commercialization? I've been studying successful cases of public university spin-offs and government research institutes (GRIs) technology transfer in Malaysia for the last 2 years and would be interested to explore research collaboration in similar area with colleagues from other universities. Thank you.
Baharudin
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Dear colleague,
Maybe we can help you in Wageningen. My colleague maria.annosi@wur.nl could be an interesting entry point.
vincent blok
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In scaling-up laboratory technologies, what are some of the areas to consider throughout the demonstration stages in order to get the technology to the commercial application?
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Hum
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It is believed that incubators can contribute much in innovation and enterprise creation. however, their impact towards the achievement of these objectives is too variable from country to country and from region to region. So my question is, what is their developmental progress(be it evolutionary or revolutionary in the timeline), the impact on a country social and economic development (may be on empirical investigation basis) and the total number of incubators in the world?
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TBI are strategically used by emerging market countries like India, China and the Phillipines, with heavy funding impact. I do think it is a good seed strategy for startups and most of the money will not be wasted, i.e. the money-burn-rate always signals the degree of inexperience.
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My Institution just applied for a patent based on a finding of my group (we are based in Mexico). I want to promote its licensing to some company that might be interested. Has someone done this? is there any good resource for these matters? I do basic Science.
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@Mathieu Guerville, thank you for letting us know. However, is that worldwides service or your service is limited to the demand in certain industrial regions and/or countries. How successful is actually this licensing? Can you please share some examples, or Mathieu Guerville, please, can you provide some reading material/experience/stories, thank you in advance.
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Hi we are looking for porcine iPSC and MSC lines, does anyone know of a good source of these (either research or commercial lines?)
Stephanie
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There are several "Banks" available:
WiCell
Boston University Center For Regenerative Medicine
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Can we adaptive the blockchian technologies for transfer the medical information in between hospitals or clinical servers. The goal for this discussion to eliminate the server centerlization towards a decenterlization in telemedicine architecture.
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No, you can't. Blockchain is not a database. It is a transaction record. It allows you to track when data was shared, but it does not allow sharing of the data itself. Blockchain is a tracking tool. It was designed to prevent people from double-spending an electronic 'coin'. Real-world coins get physically transferred from one person to the next. But in the electronic world, you can make a 'copy' of something and give the copy away and still retain a copy for yourself. This would not work for transactions of value.
So, blockchains can be used to track where data goes, as long as everyone who uses it reports the transaction to the blockchain!
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Today the complexity of life and the wide technology available.so why we dont make technology more simple and give more instructions to beginners, Now you tubes and Facebook,and other means ,We expect more programs to help youngers to find more jobs ,and China is leading the world .so how can we make technology more available ?
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My dear friend ,i am very happy to see you in this remarks ,you are absolutely right ,we need :
1-make more training for millions of youngers .
2- encourage companies to make technology more accessible,
3- pay money for begginers to learn technology.
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Technology transfer is big task that make country more successful in industry and applied technology.
is definition of technology transfer has application for rehabilitation science: the biomedical and engineering applications of rehabilitation research can follow some, but not all, of the traditional technology transfer mechanisms. Rehabilitation research does pose a new challenge that requires additional mechanisms for transfer, because much of the research results in therapeutic interventions that are applied in exercise techniques and educational strategies by professionals, not through the use of drugs or equipment.
In traditional pharmaceutical clinical research, ntervention(s) (Pocock, 1987). Most clinical research is funded by private industry (biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies) or the federal government (e.g., the National Institutes of Health [NIH], the National Science Foundation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute on Disability ,therefore i ask how technology be btransfered?
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Transfer of training between distinct motor tasks after stroke: Implications for task- specific approaches to upper extremity neurorehabilitation
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Metaphors are powerful ways for conveying scientific hypotheses. And we are looking for fresh theoretical and methodological insights to the classic questions of archaeology as we are setting forward to discuss the mechanisms by which inventions and innovations shaped the societies that embraced them during our session Nr. 371 "Trial and error in times of transition"of EAA in Bern [https://www.researchgate.net/project/EAA-2019-Session-371-Trial-and-error-in-times-of-transition] If you feel willing to contribute to the discussion, please consider submitting an abstract. 10 days left!
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Excellent! Çok teşekkür ederim!
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I believe for the societal benefit and bigger good the major research outcomes should be made public with selflessness and humbleness. Though there are a few entities who believe that research should be always confidential and should never be shared, even after registering the same. Please share your thoughts on this.
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Commercialization of scientific results is ideal but there are many problem. have a look at this chapter entitled: The Main Problems in Commercialization of Scientific Research Results. hope be useful:
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The aim of the present research topic is to gather relevant contributions addressed to improve the characterization and the understanding of commercial lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells and LIB packs, composed of serial-parallel combination of cells. For reliable and optimum operation of connected cells, an accurate understanding and control of cells behavior is mandatory. LIB packs performance and durability can be severely affected by cell-to-cell variations (CtCV). Identification, quantification, statistical analysis, modeling and simulation of CtCV is a key issue in battery pack performance optimization both prior and after assembly. Addressing the issue prior assembly will allow proper matching of cells to be placed in series and in parallel and undoubtfully increase pack performance and safety but it will require additional testing and thus time and money. CtCV can relate to the initial performance of the cells but also to their aging pace. Parameters to be considered includes manufacturing and assembly intrinsic variations but also extrinsic variations such as non-uniform thermal conditions. Addressing the issue after assembly will be the job of the Battery Management Systems (BMS) and should therefore not be calculation intensive and be derivable from information from available voltage, current and temperature sensors. This can be very challenging in large LIB packs, owing to the high number of involved cells and the random nature of battery usage in the field. Furthermore, BMS must take into account the CtCV in the charging algorithm, in the algorithm to keep the battery ready to deliver full power when required, and in the definition strategies to extend the life of the battery pack. In this research topic, we aim to collect the most relevant research on commercial LIB characterization, diagnosis, prognosis, and performance optimization, from experimental testing, statistical analysis, thermal modeling, to BMS algorithms.
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In state agricultural universities , some scientists are entrusted with technology transfer job whereas they are trained in research projects during their masters and doctorate programmes. Contrary to this , in private sector, people are enrolled and trained in either production, marketing, quality control and procurement etc. As a result of which technology is transferred automatically among the users.Hence, is it essential to have a Ph.D for technology transfer purpose.
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No. Relevant skills and experience matter.
Regards
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Original research articles are published by commercial and society journals with a lot of effort and reasonable finances, no doubt. In the end, these organizations earn a decent profit in the first five years of publication and release through internet. Nonetheless, the research organizations also invest a lot of money, effort and intellectual accomplishment for initiating, creating, producing and publication of this new knowledge for their own, country and the world society upliftment. The creators may, however, generate some profit from patents and restrictive transfer of technology. At the same time, a massive research and knowledge is created by a large majority of researchers without much profitability. Such research mostly becomes a basis for development of salable technology, usable basic knowledge, entertainment material, luxury, leisure resources, etc. But the commercial journals would restrict free circulation of this research for at least half-a-century, until the society either forgets about it or treats as obsolete. In this scenario, the society and the original creator of the knowledge suffer the most, for no fault of theirs. Logically, copyright law should have been amended long back to correct this loss of information already generated. What is the view of researchers on this, has never been asked. Please give your views in order to advise the governments on this aspect. Link
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There is little economic justification for the present system of allowing private publishing houses to lock publicly financed knowledge behind a pay wall and to keep it there for decades.
Copyrights in relation to literature published in academic journals in most cases are held by corporate publishing houses. Elsevier is an example. Yet the value of these copyrights derives overwhelmingly from the cost of the underlying research - and that cost generally is funded either publicly or by charitable endowment. These last mentioned funding sources also finance most of the cost of the peer review process.
Users of content in academic journals are not limited to persons affiliated with universities. Private scholars, researchers and technologists also rely on that knowledge. Moreover, universities are very unevenly financed both globally as well as within countries. For example, few African universities are funded above the median level for universities in Germany. The present copyright system may be criticized also on the basis that it operates as a structural limitation on access to knowledge in less wealthy countries.
I think there is a strong argument for limiting the duration of new copyrights applicable to (partly) publicly financed academic research to one year only.
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I am posing a question to this group to see if someone has a different perspective on BAC libraries that might convince me to keep the libraries in my -80 freezer instead of discarding them as I am presently inclined. Is there good value in retaining old BAC libraries. In the pre-Pac Bio days, when one wanted to sequence a genome, often a BAC library was prepared and BAC clones sequenced to help provide longer scaffolds than whole genome shotgun libraries or Illumina seqs would provide. Also, if there was a gene of interest, one could probe filter copies of the BAC libraries, isolate a hybridizing clone and primer jump to sequence the entire clone.
I have half a chest freezer filled with plates that contain glycerol stocks from two Rhipicephalus microplus (a cattle tick with genome size greater than human) BAC libraries. It has been at least 5 years since any use has been made of the libraries. As I approach retirement in 2019, I am wondering if these libraries should be disposed of (properly, of course) while I am still present or if they should just be left behind in the old freezer for my replacement to decide upon their value. Would anyone like the BAC libraries? If someone had a need for them, I could possibly arrange for a transfer, though USDA legal team and technology transfer would have to generate the proper paperwork. Comments are welcome!
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While BAC libraries are used less and less for genome sequencing, they are still important for providing large contigs of DNA for cloning or expression. There may be another institute, or a commercial company, that would be interested in archiving your BAC library for potential future use.
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Universities and other public research organizations are increasingly protecting their inventions – from genetic inventions to software – helping raise additional funding for research and spurring new start ups. The rise in university patenting has occurred against a broader policy framework aimed at fostering a greater interaction between public research and industry in order to increase the social and private returns from public support to R&D. The general strengthening of intellectual property protection world-wide as well as the passage of legislation aimed at improving technology transfer are additional factors that have facilitated the expansion of patenting in academia in OECD countries.
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Dear Usharani,
thanks for your remark. Not many scientists are used to report the potential invention in time before they plan to publish it. The dire fact is that most of the time the space left for the TTO to prepare a patent application before the thing gets published is rather limited. The resulting patent application may then not be optimal from the point of view of coverage and potential future follow up patents.
As I mentioned previously, you are free to file with a Patent and Trademark office of your choice, including the USPTO. The US Provisional Application might give you the necessary wiggle space to prepare well thought through filing later and still have your fling date before publishing the research.
And yes, good patent is as good as a good paper, thus might be used to document your scientific proves. I'd guess the use of patents to document the scientific achievements should even be actively promoted and encouraged.
Patents of course might be cited in papers (but most scientists do not even care about including patents in their literature search), but more importantly, the scientific papers are frequently quoted in patents.
Should your paper been cited in a patent, this may serve to document your science has also practical applications.
Unfortunately, even if your paper is cited in many patents, this will not change your h-factor a bit. This is because patents are not scanned either by the Web of Science or by most other citation engines. In fact it seems there even is no reasonable tool out there to obtain the paper-in-patent citations, with the exception of one brave experiment by U. Illinois. You can try Google to get your paper-in-patents citation rate, though it may turn out quite cumbersome. Should anyone be aware of anything better, I'd be glad to hear.
Rgds
Michal
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Foreign Universities are mostly surviving through patent and technology transfer
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Patents on their own do not bring in revenues. Countless inventors are on poverty street or die poor. The invention must result in a saleable product that attracts buyers. If you work for a university and invent something whilst working at the university, your IPR ( intellectual property rights) are    automatically transferred to the university as part of the terms of employment, unless there is an explicit clause you have negotiated prior to taking up employment.
That said, countless patents do not bring in revenues unless converted to products. They cost money -- filing for patent costs money>
Good luck to you with any inventions  you have.
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for exemple the lack of qualified human ressources can lead the processus of technology transfer projects to an opperational activities instead of a collaborative activities ...Some one can tel me more about negative impacts of the lack of qualified human resources on technology transfer absorption?
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The technology transfer absorption depends a great deal on the quality and capability of human resources.
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I want to compare missile technology transfer policies of various countries.
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Dear Christine,
Sometimes, it is difficult to find literature on a narrow area. However, you may first find literature regarding technology transfer, or defense technology transfer. As far as the policies of such transfer are concerned, you may get it from the Defense ministry website or you may contact them.
Best Wishes,
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it is knowing that technology is a set of production, organization and analysis techniques, so why do we dismantle the transfer into technology transfer and organizational transfer?
Thank you in advance!
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bonjour
Prenons l'exemple des conditions de travail (usine, bureau) : les choix techniques (matériel ; procédures) nes eront pas les mêmes si ce sont les actionnaires ou les salariés qui font ces choix.
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I am using knowledge transfer – a process model (Liyanage, Elhag, Ballal, & Li, 2009) for knowledge transfer in Chinese context. Could you please guide me, how I can connivance or give arguments that we can use (Liyanage, Elhag, Ballal, & Li, 2009) adopted model in Chinese context.
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Guenter Clar: My question is that I am using (Liyanage et al., 2009) knowledge transfer model (Western KT model) in Chinese context. Please guide me, how I can argue that Liyanage et al., 2009 model (as Western KT model) is valid to use as adopted model in Chinese KT/TT context through literature/reference support. Waiting for your kind reply/feedback, please.
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Is there any theoretical model which support to analyse technology transfer processes (both producer and receiver).
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Dear Asad,
TT process model You can find in this article: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40852-017-0053-4
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our company looking for cooperation for microsphere form of peptid and we ready for any kind of contarct for technology transfer.
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Hi Kazem,
We can offer peptide synthesis and may be able to help. Please get in touch at cliff.rush@iscabiochemicals.com
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Another important aspect raised by the scholars is that Article 66.2 is not limited to the IPR-related mechanism for promoting technology transfer. Andrew Michaels viewed that “Article 66.2 does not mention IPRs specifically, so developed countries are not limited to IPR-related mechanisms for promoting ITT.
See Andrew Michaels, “International Technology Transfer and TRIPS Article 66.2: Can Global Administrative Law Help Least-Developed Countries Get What They Bargained For”, 41 Geo. J. Int’l L. 223. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 2009.
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It appears to be the common view in Germany that technology transfer needs to be interpreted broadly (see Anzelotti in Busche et al, TRIPS - Commentary (2nd ed, 2013, Carl Heymanns Vertag), Art 66 para 18 - unfortunately in German), also referring to Michaels. Examples given are Tax incentives, direct allowances, R&D cooperations, specific training programs, etc.
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I am from Indonesia, and interested in doing the research project for my Master degree.
Could anyone please give suggestions on 5W1H related to the topic, If you may help me to share your ideas and to give mutual interest of the research, as well as networking, and experience needed for future works. 
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Ms Putro,
I assume by 5W1H you mean, Why? What?, When?, Where?, Who? and How? 
 It is obvious that there  are numerous 5W's and H's you could apply here. For a start, I could ask Why  have  you chosen this particular topic?  Have you any relationship with the armed forces of your country, presumably Indonesia? That  could be critical. If you do not  have links with the military in any country, you might find  your access to information could be difficult for obvious reasons. Military links could also  sometimes not help.
Talking about technology transfer  you need to be aware that technology transfer occurs when one of the parties has established some level of technological expertise which has manifested itself in the development, deployment and actual   use of such devices. No one in their right mind would want to have simple technology transferred to them. Often, it  would be advanced technology. I am pretty sure the MINT countries if interested in technology would be interested in advanced technology. Again I could be wrong; Nigeria does not have much of an engineering or manufacturing industry of the type that can use advanced technology. I am in no position to say anything about Mexico, which does have a large manufacturing industry as a result of its membership of NAFTA.
I would be surprised, without being prejudicial,  if Indonesia and Nigeria have  ever developed their own technology,  and actually manufactured items that have a military use, apart from simple things like rifles, ammunition, field gun shells. I think, from my visit to Turkey and my interactions with  a few Turkish engineers, the country may have developed its own technology – I call it home-grown technology. If I am not mistaken,  that country does build/assemble aircrafts and naval vessels,  after receiving the technology from the West. The next question would be: does the country transfer its technology to other countries. I am not sure of that.  And if it does, to which countries and when and how? Then,  the question of Why arises.
If you want to study military technology transfer, you would be better off looking at the BRICS countries. BRICS = Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. All these countries have engineering and manufacturing industry.
I am sure others can also give you additional information. For now, I wish all the best in your search for a more suitable research topic, than what you propose to do. Nonetheless, you should try and see how far you come with your intended research topic, assuming you have sufficient time to explore....
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It has been necessity to develop some mechanism for technology transfer from developed to developing countries to effectively bring down the rising emissions. In respect to this CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) was seen as a mean to carry it out. But the recent studies of PDDs reveals north-south technology transfer has been negligent, instead south-south technology transfer has been done more in most of the projects. This came to give an idea to strengthen south-south technology transfer. But their has not been any concrete step taken regarding this.
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Precisely NO. Currently we have only soft laws under TRIPS regime which governs Technology Transfer for combating and mitigating  Climate Change in South Asia. There is no hard laws governing the same.  The only way out is bilateral agreements between nations (for example US-CHINA signed one recently).
This casual news report may be of some help 
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What is the role of agents in the process of technology transfer?
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Dear Sanjay
if agents in your definition includes the so called Technology Scouts, then extremely important. These agents have the role of linking developers and inventors mainly due to the confidence these parties have in the agent. 
FC
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Measuring innovation is cristal clear when a patent, an utility model, a plant variety or a new trade mark is developed by researchers. However, when social or institutional innovations are developed, or technology transfer is done with peasants or small farmers, innovation is very difficult to measure.
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Review MIAF experience and you will get the  answer to your questions.  It is a pitty that the Colegio de Postgraduados removed (or hidden) the page that documented this case of success...
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Fundamental literature about history and development of innovation and technology transfer (TT), factors affecting innovation and TT and/or any related literature you think might be useful to study to better understand how start up, spin-off, spinout companies could be developed. Thank You all very much!
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Dear Colleague,
Innovation is widely recognized as essential condition for business success ensuring growth, sustainability and competitiveness. Innovation is a very broad concept and involves many different stakeholders varying from governments and scientists to business executives, marketing specialists and consumers. The diversity of the involved parties leads to different perspectives to innovation, thus resulting in different understanding of the concept. From the very general point of view innovation can be understood as a process from idea generation to commercialization – bringing the idea or invention to the market as a new product, process or service through the phases of idea generation, research and devel- opment, product development, marketing and selling a new product or service. The idea becomes an invention, when it is converted into a tangible new artifact. The inventions are necessary seed for innovations, but the inventions do not inevitably lead to the innovation. Innovation is mostly regarded as the commercial and practical application of ideas or inventions. Innovations are classified by the type, the degree of novelty and the nature. Four types of innovation are distinguished: product or service innovations, process innovations, marketing innovations and organizational innovations together with three degrees of novelty: new to the firm, new to the market and new to the world . There is also three types of innovation nature defined: incremental, radical, disruptive. Types of innovation, degree of novelty and innovation nature define the three dimensions of innovation space.
I recommend to see WIPO's published articles regarding your request too.
please, see the attached articles:
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Recently I found in the IAM patent monetization yearbook 2012 an article about "Patent books as civilzed revolution in patent licensing". The concept of Patent books seems to be compelling.
With a Google search the idea of "Patent books" can only be found at the website of the IP strategy company TAEUS (http://www.taeus.com/articles/patentbooks-a-civilized-revolution-in-patent-licensing/).
Are there other / similar implementations of the "Patent book" approach? What are the shortcomings of the concept of "Patent books"?
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Once again, Robert Cogan seems to be speaking eminently sensibly. In other words, 'patent books' seem to be of little or no value. @Robert - a nice and gentle answer!
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Acceptance criteria for related substance
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If this is a method transfer of a validated analytical method for a specific product and the company from whom the method is being transfered provides established specifications and method(s) for the related substances then, you must use those same specifications and methods for your analysis.  The results you get must fall within those specifications of the method that is being transferred for that specific product.   If they reference the compendial method (USP) for related substances for that API or that finished product and provide a specification than you must use the same method that they are referencing, that is the USP method,  and the results you get must fall within the range as specified in their method.  The acceptance criteria should be based on a minimum of samples from three different lots of the same product or API and a comparison made between their results and your results for each sample and all results must be within the same specifications unless "spiked" samples were used as part of the protocol. Hope this helps. 
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No of innovations and developments are made by agricultural engineers but it is not reached to the end users. More emphasis required for transferring the developed / improved technology in agricultural engineering.
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This is not effective particularly in developing countries where there is a lack of pragmatic agricultural policies, poor infrastructure for continuous agro-industrial research & development and scarcity of public/private funding to support innovation and growth. Effective transfer will require relevant national systems, mechanisms and business environments among transferors, transferees and end-users.
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By this I mean the implications of exogenous influences (knowledge spill over/ spin-off/ trickle down) originating from more advanced environments. Examples of this could be the technological implications of colonialism for the colonized, or the impact of NASA’s innovations on everyday technology (i.e. memory foam) etc, or the innovation and diffusion of gunpower and its effects.
I know NASA has a “Spinoff” publication, however I am looking for academic treatments on this phenomenon. I guess this is a form of Technology Transfer, however I think because of the leaps in technology are so large, this particular type of transfer is more akin to superimposition, where consumer / cultural preference matters very little?
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I would start from the seminal contributions of Atkinson-Stiglitz, Paul David and Brian Arthur and Giovanni Dosi
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Many countries in the southern hemisphere - from the Middle East to South America - have failed in their attempts to master the process of technology transfer. Significant efforts have been made without avail. Astronomical resources have been spent. In your views, what are the reasons for such failure?
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There are many problem with transfer of technology in developing countries:
1. Lack of pool of scientists and researchers in specific domains
2. Brain drain
3. Small market size
4. Bureaucratic climate
5. Inability to make public investments in appropriate research and infrastructure
Many new technologies generally are capital intensive and many of these countries may not have those resources. Generally the first adopters gets the benefits which favors the developed countries because of their resources.
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Can you point me to literature, results, examples, methodological contributions on analysing and evaluating cluster or network policies? I refer specifically to policies implemented at national, regional or industry level which try to link business enterprises, universities and research organisations, the public sector and intermediaries to support industry or technology development.
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Nobody has picked this up so far, but I'd like to share what I found myself, in case anyone is interested and comes across the post. Within the "Compendium of Evidence on the effectiveness of Innovation Policy" a number of interesting reviews have been written:
Cunningham, P., & Ramlogan, R. (2012). The Effects of Innovation Network Policies, Compendium of Evidence on the effectiveness of Innovation Policy. London and Manchester: NESTA and MIoIR.
Uyarra, E., & Ramlogan, R. (2012). The Effects of Cluster Policy on Innovation, Compendium of Evidence on the effectiveness of Innovation Policy. Manchester and London: NESTA.
Cunningham, P., & Gök, A. (2012). The Impact and Effectiveness of Policies to Support Collaboration for R&D and Innovation, Compendium of Evidence on the effectiveness of Innovation Policy. London: NESTA.
And my much appreciated former colleague Matthias Kiese from Bochum pointed me to the following:
Angeles Diez, Maria (2001): The Evaluation of Regional Innovation and Cluster Policies: Towards a Participatory Approach. In: European Planning Studies 9 (7), S. 907-924.
Aranguren, Mari Jose; Aragón, Cristina; Larrea, Miren; Iturrioz Landart, Cristina (2008): Does Cluster Policy Really Enhance Networking and Increase Competitiveness? In: Mari Jose Aranguren Querejeta, Cristina Iturrioz Landart und James R. Wilson (Hg.): Networks, Governance and Economic Development. Bridging Disciplinary Frontiers. Cheltenham: Elgar, S. 101-128.
Colgan, Charles S.; Baker, Colin (2003): A framework for assessing cluster development. In: Economic Development Quarterly 17 (4), S. 352-366.
Fromhold-Eisebith, Martina; Eisebith, Günter (2008): Looking Behind Facades: Evaluating Effects of (Automotive) Cluster Promotion. In: Regional Studies 42 (10), S. 1343-1356.
Ketels, Christian H.M. (2005): How to Evaluate Clusters. In: La Revue Parlementaire (881). http://www.larevueparlementaire.fr/pages/DS_juill05/DSpole_cketels.htm.
Schmiedeberg, Claudia (2010): Evaluation of Cluster Policy: A Methodological Overview. In: Evaluation 16 (4), S. 389-412.
Sölvell, Örjan; Williams, Mats (2013): Building the Cluster Commons. An Evaluation of 12 Cluster Organizations in Sweden 2005 - 2012. Stockholm: Ivory Tower Publishers. http://www.clusterobservatory.eu/system/modules/com.gridnine.opencms.modules.eco/providers/getpdf.jsp?uid=7a70a31d-3f8a-41c9-b415-f88e464d116a.
Turner, Mark; Monnard, Alexandre; Leete, Laura (2013): The Evaluation of the U.S. Small Business Administration’s Regional Clusters Initiative. Year Two Report. Washington, D.C.; College Park, MD: U.S. Small Business Administration; Optimal Solutions Group, LLC.
Happy reading!!!!
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Innovation has the capacity to improve performance, solve problems, add value
and create competitive advantage for organizations. Innovation can be broadly described as the implementation of both discoveries - inventions and the process by which new outcomes, whether products, systems, processes or organizational forms, come into being (Williams, 1999).
The process of innovation depends heavily on knowledge, particularly since knowledge
represents a realm far deeper than simply that of data, information and conventional logic......
The conceptualization of KM overlaps to some extent with other literatures, including that of
organization learning (Scarbrough and Swan, 2001) and innovation. Many academics on Bussiness and Economics considere that the potential of Knowledge Management (KM) creates the intellectual capital as sources of innovation and renewal, business strategy should be focusing more on these issues.
For Beckman (1999), KM concerns the formalisation of and access to experience, knowledge, and expertise that create new capabilities, enable superior performance, encourage innovation, and enhance customer value.
Coleman (1999) defines KM as an umbrella term for a wide variety of interdependent and interlocking functions consisting of: knowledge creation; knowledge valuation and metrics; knowledge mapping and indexing; knowledge transport, storage and distribution; and knowledge sharing.
And defining knowledge as “information combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection” (Davenport et al., 1998)
Knowledge Management (KM) is a relatively new term that encompasses not only the related notions of knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing (externally from other firms to the small firm and/or internally among firm members), but also the knowledge utilization process (Choo and Bontis, 2002; Takeuchi and Nonaka, 2004).
Innovation Management is the discipline of managing processes in innovation. It can be used to develop product, process and organizational innovation. Innovation Management includes a set of tools that allow managers and engineers to cooperate with a common understanding of goals and processes. The focus of innovation management is to allow the organization to respond to an external or internal opportunity, and use its creative efforts to introduce new ideas, processes or products.
About Organizational Learning Stata (1996, p. 318) explains that organizational learning occurs through shared insights, knowledge, and mental models. Thus organizations can learn only as fast as the slowest link learns. Change is blocked unless all of the major decision makers learn together, come to share beliefs and goals, and are committed to take the actions to change. Second, learning builds on past knowledge and experience – that is, on memory. Organizational memory depends on institutional mechanisms (e.g. policies, strategies, and explicit models) used to retain knowledge.
To make innovations is necessary manage knowledge to generate organizational learning to make innovations...
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learning is a process, knowledge is an asset, innovation is a business
Ciao friends!!
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Biosensors have been popping up in academic papers for some time, and they all cite the same aspect: it's going to be the next big thing, next big thing, etc. Biosensors research focuses mostly on validating the new device against a standard available protocol. I have seen biosensors that validate against HPLC, ELISAs, spectrophotometry etc. However, a lot of biosensors target the same analyte, and they provide different transducers, materials, pathways and recognition techniques to sample those analytes in a complex media. Some 'projects' of biosensors are more attractive than others. Some are more 'novel', others are more 'proven'. If I were to commercialize biosensors on a large scale, let's say in an over-the-counter fashion, my materials would need to be cheap and disposable, environmentally-friendly; if they were to be in a lab, otherwise, the biosensor would have to be able to run multiple times. My question is (and it's a little philosophical), how do you choose, from a entrepreneurial point of view, that a biosensor that just has the 'it's gonna sell a lot' feature among so many available options to sense something? I wish I knew how the guys at the diabetes/glucose biosensor had the idea to put their invention into the market, in an era where no one would expect a little strip with a blood drop to measure their sugar levels. Are there any similar ones on their way?
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Having created the term „biosensor“ already in 1977 (Fresenius Z. anal. Chem. 287, 1-9 (1977)) I must agree to your statements that many biosensors described in the literature are too often academic toys lacking any strict validation according international quality standards. The glucose sensor is an exception due to the abnormal high stability of glucose-oxidase. I think the most difficult problem is a long lasting reliable calibration made by the sensor producer with respect to the fragile biological recognition elements. Also the definition limits their applicability: the bio receptor in close contact with the transducer prevents the rejuvenation of the sensing area by new and working biological receptors. But even with the most prominent biosensors, the glucose sensors, sensor trials with different manufacturers deliver not such an agreement which an Analytical Chemist (trained in the field of standard reference materials analysis) would tolerate. With the exception of glucose sensors, how will they be stored and how will their calibration be guaranteed? Those problems have limited a wider use of biosensors or have rendered them into semi-quantitative devices. See also attached paper.
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I am working in a public research institute working on the transfer of technologies emanating from our labs. I need strategies to improve relations with them.
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There are several ways to transfer technology to industry: first, licensing or selling IP to industrial partners; second, create IP-based spinoffs. In a study published in JPIM (2008) we developed several design principles for university spinoff creation that are also relevant for the licensing case (see link for the full article). These principles were recently also validated in a paper by Phan et al., published in AMLE:
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I would like to know about new models for technology licensing
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The ability for an innovator to appropriate rent from its innovation depend on the appropriability regime, nature of the technology and industry structure in which the firm operates.The nature of the technology can influence the licensing model adopted by the firm-fixed fees versus royalties licensing strategies. If you need further details on the technological licensing strategies, please check out the following links... Licensing market for technology market.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268103000027
Licensing as a commercialisation strategy for new technology-based firms.. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733304000708
I hope that help and enable you to develop a long term licensing strategies for the innovation
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Managing these innovation networks by adopting a network approach can lead to effective coordination, understanding, communication efficiency and innovation outcomes.
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At the end of the day it's incentives. It's all about setting the right incentives.
If e.g you want your university students/researchers/professors to go out with their business ideas and found companies that will bring in money and create jobs, you have to give them the right incentives, such as e.g.
1.) encourage them (by e.g. funding them with some seed money) to expose themselves to the market so that their business idea will be tested in the most brutal and realistic way (and make them stop writing endless reports/business plans/white papers on their oh-so-great-idea-the-world-has-waited-for)
2.) a "plan B" for the case the venture won't work out - so that they know they can e.g. return to the university if the business fails
3.) Make it easy to transfer the IP (that was created by the scientists but usually belongs to the univesrity) into the start-up's balance sheet in exchange for a stake in the company. If and only if the IP belongs to the company, the company can eventually be sold. If the IP is merely leased/licensed/borrowed from the university no one is going to buy the start-up (when it grows big enough).
THIS AGAIN means that legislation might have to be adjusted. It is not a given that a university is allowed to hold stakes in companies.
Which leads us to the other stakeholders you mentioned - they have their agendas too and it's up to you to set the right incentives so they gonna change them the way you'd like.
Businesses e.g. love to use universities as their extended workbench or brush up their cash flow statements, in case the government is giving away some subsidies related to that (the keyword here would be "tech-transfer") - here both the university and the government would (maybe) be better off if they adjusted the incentive system.
Many universities e.g. love to file patents - the more the better. Makes a good impression for the image brochures ("Ohhhh, look at us, we are such an innnovative university..."). Such universities have absolutely no incentives to build up coherent patent startegies. Because that would mean that only highly selected and sophisticated inventions are going to get filed. And that's bad for the stats.
The result is that easily fileable crap gets filed (esp. if the state administration or someone else is paying for it) and true, focused innovation does not take place.
And the list goes on andon and on - it's an interesting & complex field.
It would be nice to learn from you what you actually are trying to achieve at your place.
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Is this an activity that you would engage in?
Would you prefer to take greater control of your inventions to avoid the slow pace of the current process and increase interactions?
Would you spend the time to market your inventions directly to industry for faster collaboration and feedback?
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did you have a look at the German university approach TechAdvance Approach ?
it is a very successful method for assessing the commercialisation potential of research and technology.
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I am looking for people who work in labs for neuroscience (mostly computational neuroscience and probabilistic modeling) and in the same time have relationship at the industrial level, i.e., they contributed in a spin-off or any of the technology transfer actions.
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Dr. Noreen Samad
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Has anybody studied this? How many there are, how much do they earn, fields, disciplines, types of consulting services? I'm thinking more of selling services rather than selling IP.
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What are the main challenges in the commercialization of a product?
Is it better to sell a successful idea or the product itself?
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The most impotent thing to find out is, in my opinion, if you really have a product. In the definition: a product is something that can be sold AND someone is willing to pay for it. If you can pin down what it is exactly what you plan to sell, you can figure out the potential production cost. And then try to find out if there is really someone who needs your product so much that he will pay for it. And roughly how much. If these two figures fit, you have a product. If not, you don't.
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In many areas we have witnessed convergence of technologies to create integrated products and systems. As examples consider the way Google has been merging ideas and technologies to produce integrated solutions. Not so long ago Navigation solutions were the main stay of a number of firms, but with Google Maps (convergence of mapping, navigation and the web) and the Navigation features it has, I wonder who is now willing to pay for such solutions elsewhere? Hence, begging the question, what has happened to the firms and their employees that engaged in developing these systems? If this convergence trend continues, don't we then have a real threat of having sophisticated systems replacing our labor force?
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Convergence of technologies does not happen overnight! People who are well versed with old technologies are in a better position to innovate, adapt and migrate into integrated technologies (because they already know the foundation and basic building blocks). Technologies, processes will keep converging and merging but it will be people who will drive the change. So, the old workforce will need to learn new tricks as time passes by. No resting and no rusting please!
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Specifically, as compared with the United States or Britain. Is Japan successful?
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Sean,
OTW, I'd say that academic technology transfer in Japan is excellent. The entire system is heavily controlled and monitored by the Ministry of Education, even though there are hundreds of private universities, so that much of the funding for research comes from government, with a certain amount of corporate and other funding in some fields, notably science and engineering. This means that there is often a requirement to undertake research that will have some clear public benefit.
It's out of my own field, but senior academics in the sciences often maintain their own labs, often with large teams of undergrad and postgrad researchers, and often undertaking corporate or government sponsored research which is designed to feed directly back to society (or the corporate sponsor). In this case, the students working in the lab often find employment in the same corporate sponsors.
Arguably, there aren't many areas in Japan that are truly 'publish or perish' either, so serious researchers have more freedom to undertake practical research in addition to research for publication.