Science topics: ImmunologyT-Lymphocytes
Science topic
T-Lymphocytes - Science topic
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Publications related to T-Lymphocytes (10,000)
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T-cell redirecting therapies, which include chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts) and bispecific antibodies (BSAs), have revolutionized the treatment of relapsed\refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Expanding clinical experience with these advanced therapies shows the potential for the optimization of their use with combination or consolid...
Tissue-resident immune cells (TRICs) are a highly heterogeneous and plastic subpopulation of immune cells that reside in lymphoid or peripheral tissues without recirculation. These cells are endowed with notably distinct capabilities, setting them apart from their circulating leukocyte counterparts. Many studies demonstrate their complex roles in b...
Background: Brain cancers represent a formidable oncological challenge characterized by their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions. The tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical determinant of tumor progression and treatment efficacy. Within this complex ecosystem, microglia and macrophages play fundamen...
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that has been recognized, stigmatized, and treated for millennia. Recent translational research has revealed key mechanisms of disease, including cellular stress, innate immune activation, T cell–mediated elimination of melanocytes from the skin resulting in clinically apparent white spots, as well as stem cell reg...
Harnessing the potential of the immune system to treat cancers has been the goal of many scientific investigations and recent advancements in tumor immunology have allowed for cancer immunotherapy to become a reality. T lymphocytes that express the γδ TCR (γδ T cells) do not require antigen presentation by target cells. Instead, they recognize phos...
COVID‐19 remains a significant global health problem with uncertain long‐term consequences for convalescents. We investigated the relationships between anti‐N protein antibody levels, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2‐associated TCR repertoire parameters, HLA type and epidemiological information from three cohorts of 524 SARS‐CoV‐2‐inf...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of solid cancer remains below expectations; adding cytokine help through IL-18 has shown remarkable efficacy in first clinical trials. As IL-18 is also a powerful driver of hyperinflammatory conditions, we discuss to what extent unleashing IL-18 is a double-edged sword in CAR T cell therapies.
T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide–MHC complexes lies at the core of adaptive immunity, balancing specificity and cross‐reactivity to facilitate effective antigen discrimination. Early structural studies established basic frameworks helpful for understanding and contextualizing TCR recognition and features such as peptide specificity and...
Backgrounds and Aims
CD8+T cells are crucially associated with the fight against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CD161 has been shown to express remarkably on HCV‐specific CD8+T cells. However, the accurate function of CD161+CD8+T cells in HBV immunity or pathogenesis remains undetermined.
Methods
Blood samples were collected from 25 chronic he...
The reasons for the low frequency of anti‐Ro/SS‐A antibody in patients with HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy complicated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are unclear. In this study, we investigated whether HTLV‐1‐infected T cells can act directly on B cells and suppress B cells' production of antibodies, including anti‐Ro/SS‐A antibody. For this purpose, w...
Background: T cell clonality is commonly assessed in the diagnostic work-up of mature T cell lymphoid neoplasms. Although fragment-length polymerase chain reaction (FL-PCR) assays are most widely used, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the TRG and TRB genes is increasingly being used to assess T cell clonality. Objective: The present work is a sc...
Background: Nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising vaccine strategy, especially for COVID-19. While the LNPs protect mRNA from degradation and efficiently deliver the mRNA to antigen-presenting cells, the effect of lipid composition on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA/LNP va...
As individuals grow older, their T cell repertoire progressively shifts from being dominated by naive T lymphocytes to featuring a preponderance of memory T cells. This phenomenon is well documented in immunological literature and frequently attributed to repeated antigenic stimulation over the course of a lifetime, coupled with thymic involution a...
Splenic rupture leads to massive hemorrhage and requires immediate surgical intervention. Splenic rupture results from trauma or from underlying disease processes. Lymphoma is a rare cause of atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) with high mortality rates. We present a case of ASR due to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) requiring s...
Microvascular inflammation (MVI) in kidney transplant biopsies is mainly associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), sparking debate within the Banff Classification of Renal Allograft Pathology regarding its exclusivity. This study reviewed the literature on MVI in T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and analyzed MVI in our transplant populatio...
Background
Over the last decade, the anticancer effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) have been reported in various preclinical or clinical studies. However, the effects of RVS on immuno-oncology, especially on the functional properties of T cells and their phenotypes, remain unclear. Here, we planned to investigate the impact of RVS on immuno-o...
Despite the advances of CAR-T cells in certain hematological malignancies, mostly from B-cell derivations such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, a significant portion of other hematological and non-hematological pathologies can benefit from this innovative treatment, as the results of clinical studies are...
The human immune system can recognize, attack, and eliminate cancer cells, but cancers can escape this immune surveillance. Variants of ecological predator–prey models can capture the dynamics of such cancer control mechanisms by adaptive immune system cells. These dynamical systems describe, e.g., tumor cell-effector T cell conjugation, immune cel...
Background
Identifying breast cancer markers with superior sensitivity, cost‐effectiveness, and practicality is imperative. Circulating immune cells and plasma cytokines hold promise as potential breast cancer markers.
Aims
To search and validate subtype of circulating immune cells and plasma cytokines as biomarkers for breast cancer patients.
Ma...
Approximately 1 in 200 newborns worldwide are affected by congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV). Most of these cases are asymptomatic due to successful control of the infection by the newborn’s immune system. In this issue of the JCI, Semmes et al. characterized the cellular immune response in cord blood of neonates with CMV infection. The authors found...
The discovery of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within tumor tissues provides a promising avenue to promote the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Yet, the lack of effective strategies to induce TLS formation poses a substantial obstacle. Thus, the exploration of potential inducers for TLS formation is of great interest but remains challenging....
As individuals grow older, their T cell repertoire progressively shifts from being dominated by naïve T lymphocytes to featuring a preponderance of memory T cells. This phenomenon-well-documented in immunological literature-is frequently attributed to repeated antigenic stimulation over the course of a lifetime, coupled with thymic involution and o...
Introduction: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The major routes of HTLV-I transmission are mother-to-child, sexual contact, and blood transfusion. Mashhad is one of the main endemic areas in the world for HTLV-I,...
Lead, a prevalent heavy metal, impairs the immune system by affecting T cell function. Similarly, zinc deficiency adversely affects T cells, with zinc deficiency and lead exposure being linked to reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Zinc deficiency has been associated with increased expression of the transcription factor CREM 100 kDa, which dow...
Approximately 90% of glioblastoma recurrences occur in the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ), while the spatial heterogeneity of the PBZ is not well studied. In this study, two PBZ tissues and one tumor tissue sample are obtained from each patient via preoperative imaging. We assess the microenvironment and the characteristics of infiltrating immune/tum...
We present a rare case of pseudohyponatremia in a 20-year-old male patient with adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ATLL). The patient was admitted for a mediastinal mass with superior vena cava syndrome and was receiving pegaspargase therapy. The pseudohyponatremia was found to be secondary to hypertriglyceridemia associated with the pegasp...
The introduction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies revolutionized treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet response rates remain modest, underscoring the need for predictive biomarkers. While a T cell inflamed gene expression profile (GEP) has predicted anti-PD-1 response in various cancers, it failed in a large NSCLC cohort from t...
Flow cytometric (FC) immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies are essential ancillary methods for the characterisation of T-cell lymphomas. Traditional manual gating and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses can be labour-intensive, operator-dependent, and have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specifici...
Background
Single antigen (Ag)‐targeted immunotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are highly effective; however, up to 50% of patients relapse after these treatments. Most of these relapses lack target Ag expression, suggesting targeting multiple Ags would be advantageous.
Materials & Methods
The multi‐Ag immune responses to ALL induc...
Background: Most spheroid models use size measurements as a primary readout parameter; some models extend analysis to T cell infiltration or perform caspase activation assays. However, to our knowledge, T cell motility analysis is not regularly included as an endpoint in imaging studies on cancer spheroids. Methods: Here, we intend to demonstrate t...
Introduction
Despite significant successes, immune checkpoint blockade fails to achieve clinical responses in a significant proportion of patients, predictive markers for responses are imperfect and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unpredictable. We used T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to systematically analyze prospectively collected pat...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. Despite the advances in medical research, there is still a lot to be explored between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, namely immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to mediate communication between cells and can modulate the activity...
![Target and activity of CAR T cells against TNBC [20]](publication/388009427/figure/tbl1/AS:11431281303558742@1736922090753/Target-and-activity-of-CAR-T-cells-against-TNBC-20_Q320.jpg)
Triple negative BC (TNBC) is a malignant tumor with high invasion, high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The mechanism of T cells in its microenvironment and the potential application of immunotherapy have become the focus of current research. Research has shown that the tumor microenvironment of TNBC is highly heterogeneous, and T cells, as core...
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often experience dysregulated inflammation, particularly when compounded by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether T2D influences the profile of memory T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the gene expression of transcription...
Background/Objectives: New SARS-CoV-2 variants are continuously emerging, making it essential to assess the efficacy of vaccine-induced immune protection. Limited information is available regarding T cell responses to BA.2.86 and JN.1 variants, particularly in elderly individuals. Methods: We evaluated T cell and total IgG responses against the rec...
This review highlights the pivotal role of cellular immunity, specifically T cell-mediated responses, in driving vaccine-induced protection and its broader implications for combating infectious diseases, cancer, and chronic infections. Recent advancements reveal that T lymphocytes play a crucial role in identifying and eradicating infected cells, o...
Immuno-moodulin (Imood), a recently discovered protein expressed in T cells, is associated with anxiety-like behavior in mice. However, its mechanism of action in modulating neuroimmune interactions remains unclear. To investigate this problem, we characterized Imood in human blood and immune cells using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, revealin...
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. A burst of autoimmune reactions in various systems can lead to severe clinical conditions closely associated with mortality. T cells serve as mediators that drive the occurrence and maintenance of inflammatory processes.
Methods
In this work, we employed single-cell t...
Immunological tolerance is a fundamental arm of any functioning immune system. Not only does tolerance mitigate collateral damage from host immune responses, but in doing so permits a robust response sufficient to clear infection as necessary. Yet, despite occupying such a cornerstone, research aiming to unravel the intricacies of tolerance inducti...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) consists of a group of nodes that analyze the information from surrounding regions. The sensor nodes are responsible for accumulating and exchanging information. Generally, node localization is the process of identifying the target node’s location. In this research work, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)-bas...
Background. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of T-cell lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) are better for children (>90%) compared to adults (~57%). The early T-cell precursor (ETP) T-ALL subtype is prognostically unfavorable in adults, but less significant in pediatric T-ALL, and the diagnosis and prognosis of “near”-ETP is controversial. We compar...
Relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (r/r T-ALL/LBL) are frequently aggressive and associated with unfavorable prognoses. Pan-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have shown promising results in clinical trials. In recent years, CD7 CAR T-cell and CD5 CAR T-cell demonstrate effectiveness in treating...
Rapid Recognition and Management of T-Cell Therapy-Related Toxicities in B-Cell Lymphomas: Crucial Updates for the Emergency Department
Background: The immune T-cell subpopulations in inflammatory myopathies (IMs) play a crucial role in the lymphocytic environment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of T-cells and MHC-I expression across different types of IMs. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 34 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis...
To uncover the complex immune mechanisms driving inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis and lay the groundwork for identifying new therapeutic targets and innovative approaches, we conducted 10× single‐cell sequencing on bone marrow cell samples collected from the vertebrae of three AS patients and three non‐AS patients. Using single‐cell sequencin...
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a key player in the NFAT pathway, regulating various cellular processes physiologically and pathologically. NFAT signaling is implicated in developing multiple diseases, such as cancer progression, that are associated with angiogenesis. Despite numerous studies on NFAT, there is still a dearth of in...
Background
Dysfunction of the skin barrier is regarded as a key event in the initiation and progression of inflammatory skin diseases. In many cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), epidermal‐resident memory CD8⁺ T (TRM) cells play a central role in the immune response to contact allergens. However, if and how allergen‐specific CD8⁺ TRM cells...
Introduction: The adaptive immune response plays a crucial role in resolution of viral infections; however, there is limited data on the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines like Sinopharm (Sin), Sputnik-V (SpV), and especially for the heterologous combination Sputnik-V/mRNA-1273 (Spv/Mod) scheme. Furthermore, emerging variants may compromise the...
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis, pathological pregnancies and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The occurrence and development of APS are complex and associated with immune disorders, with its prognosis remaining uncertain. Owing to its pathogenesis, anticoagulation t...
Background: Influenza remains a significant public health challenge, with vaccination being a substantial way to prevent it. Cell-cultured influenza vaccines have emerged to improve on the drawbacks of egg-based vaccines, but there are few studies focusing on T cell immunity with both types of vaccines. Therefore, we studied the following 2022–2023...
Identifying activated T lymphocytes and differentiating antigen‐specific from bystander T cells is crucial for understanding adaptive immune responses. This study investigates the efficacy of activation‐induced markers (AIMs) in distinguishing these cell populations. We measured the expression of commonly used AIMs (CD25, CD38, CD40L, CD69, CD137,...
The immune repertoire (IR) is a term that defines the combined unique genetic rearrangements of antigen receptors expressed by B and T lymphocytes. The IR determines the ability of the immune system to identify and respond to foreign antigens while preserving tolerance to host antigens. When immune tolerance is disrupted, development of autoimmune...
While the Banff classification dichotomizes kidney allograft rejection based on the localization of the cells in the different compartments of the cortical kidney tissue [schematically interstitium for T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) and glomerular and peritubular capillaries for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR)], there is a growing evidences tha...
Objectives
Deauville scores (DS) from PET/CT imaging are increasingly being used to direct response‐adjusted treatment strategies in lymphoma, including large B cell lymphomas (LBCL).
We aimed to investigate the outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in LBCL and the role played by pre‐transplant disease status, as...
Tetraspanin proteins are closely associated with high-curvature membrane structures and play key roles in organizing membrane domains and regulating membrane signaling in immune cells. However, their specific roles in regulating T cell membrane signaling, particularly within the microvilli often characteristic of these cells, remain poorly understo...
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are traditionally used to manage bone diseases, but recent evidence suggests they may play a significant role in cancer immunotherapy by modulating γδ T cell activity. These agents, particularly nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, enhancing their cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, gaps remain...
Cancer treatment has traditionally focused on eliminating tumor cells but faces challenges such as resistance and toxicity. A promising direction involves targeting the tumor microenvironment using CAR T cell immunotherapy, which has shown potential for treating relapsed and refractory cancers but is limited by high costs, resistance, and toxicity,...
After kidney transplantation, conversion to belatacept is a promising alternative in patients with poor graft function or intolerance to calcineurin inhibitors. The risk of acute rejection has not been well described under these conditions. Here we present a retrospective multicenter study investigating the occurrence of acute rejection after conve...
Controlling gene expression is useful for many applications, but current methods often require external user inputs, such as the addition of a drug. We present an alternative approach using cell-autonomous triggers based on RNA stem loop structures in the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA. These stem loops are targeted by the RNA binding prote...