Syntax - Science topic

Jewish humor is often characterized by certain themes, styles, and cultural references that distinguish it from other forms of humor. While it's important to note that humor can vary widely among individuals and communities, there are some common elements often associated with Jewish humor:

Anton: Excellent response. It's OK if the levels remain separated as long as there is eventually an interface between the two. This is the tricky part.

Thanks. I am running with SPSS29 a syntax written with SPSS27.

Maria Wiertsema In Mplus, the output for indirect effects in multilevel mediation models is typically provided in unstandardized form, even if you have requested standardized output. This is because indirect effects are typically computed as products of regression coefficients, and standardization is not a straightforward process for these coefficients.

The reason for not including standardized estimates for indirect effects in the output is that standardization can introduce complexities in multilevel models due to the hierarchical structure of the data. Standardization typically involves dividing coefficients by standard deviations, which may vary at different levels of the hierarchy.

In multilevel models, standardization at one level may not be meaningful or appropriate when considering the entire hierarchical structure. Therefore, Mplus, like other statistical software, usually provides unstandardized estimates for indirect effects to maintain the integrity of the multilevel model and to avoid potential misinterpretations that can arise from standardizing coefficients in a hierarchical context.

If you wish to obtain standardized indirect effects, you may need to manually compute them by dividing the unstandardized indirect effects by appropriate standard deviations of the variables involved. However, it's essential to exercise caution when standardizing coefficients in multilevel models and to consider the hierarchical nature of the data to ensure meaningful interpretations.

You can get it by specifying a mixture model with a single latent class. Below is an example syntax for a 1-factor CFA model with ordinal indicators:

TITLE: Ordinal CFA Example

DATA: FILE = data.txt;

VARIABLE: NAMES = y1-y4;

CATEGORICAL = y1-y4;

MISSING = *;

CLASSES = c(1);

ANALYSIS: TYPE = MIXTURE;

MODEL: %OVERALL%

F by y1-y4;

Hello

You will find some examples in this video :

Regards

xtcointreg ROA BOS FGD CEOD BOE LEV FMS FAGE, est(fmols) noconstant full

xtcointreg ROA BOS FGD CEOD BOE LEV FMS FAGE, est(fmols) noconstant

xtcointreg ROA BOS FGD CEOD BOE LEV FMS FAGE, est(fmols)

///////////////////////////////////////

xtcointreg ROA BOS FGD CEOD BOE LEV FMS FAGE, est(dols) noconstant full

I tried to recode a string to a numeric variable twice, once by typing in the syntax and then by using the drop-down menu. Neither one worked. The hand-entered syntax kept generating different errors even though it's identical to the drop-down version. The drop-down version ran correctly (no error messages), but the string variable didn't get recoded.

Thanks@blate Moges. Finally i did it using CMA.

One more thing, to add

verify that there are .pdbqt files present in the current directory and subdirectories.

please refer to this link

Hi Lara. I had to go back to check your earlier post. You said that schools, not students, were randomly allocated to the two treatments. Searching for resources on analysis of cluster-randomized controlled trials turned up this 2018 article, which you may find helpful:

I've only scanned it quickly, but it discusses a few different approaches, and concludes with these recommendations.

HTH.

To add a published paper to your ResearchGate profile, you need to:

Alternatively, you can add a publication page to your profile by clicking the Add new button at the top right-hand corner of any ResearchGate page. I hope that helps!

Hello Dineo

Here attached the code to calculate eGFR according to the CKD -EPI 2021

gen eGFR01 = .

replace eGFR01 = 142 * (PreopCreatinine/0.9)^(-1.2) * 0.9938^Ageatdx if SexM1==1 & PreopCreatinine > 0.9

replace eGFR01 = 142 * (PreopCreatinine/0.9)^(-0.302) * 0.9938^Ageatdx if SexM1==1 & PreopCreatinine <= 0.9

replace eGFR01 = 142 * (PreopCreatinine/0.7)^(-1.2) * 0.9938^Ageatdx * 1.012 if SexM1==0 & PreopCreatinine > 0.7

replace eGFR01 = 142 * (PreopCreatinine/0.7)^(-0.241) * 0.9938^Ageatdx * 1.012 if SexM1==0 & PreopCreatinine <= 0.7

best regards.

To calculate precision on a theoretical frequency, you need to have a set of predicted values and corresponding actual values. Precision is a metric used in classification tasks to measure the accuracy of positive predictions.

The formula to calculate precision is:

code Precision = True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives)

Here, True Positives refer to the number of correctly predicted positive values, and False Positives refer to the number of incorrectly predicted positive values.

If you have a set of predicted values predictions and corresponding actual values you can calculate precision in Python using the scikit-learn library as follows:

Use python code from sklearn.metrics import precision_score precision = precision_score(actual_values, predictions)

Make sure that the predicted values and actual values are in the correct format. For example, if you have binary classification (0 and 1), both predictions and actual_values should be arrays/lists of 0s and 1s.

If you are working with a different programming language or framework, the syntax may vary, but the underlying concept of calculating precision remains the same.

This is what is done in some teams, right?

Framingham has been churning out risk scores since the 1960s! Which one do you want? Their papers usually give a step by step calculation.

I should note that the coefficient for smoking in Framingham is surprisingly small. And also that Framingham is actually a family study, but this does not seem to have been taken into account in the models. Familial clustering of smoking and risk may account for the strange odds ratio.

Hello A. M. A. Al-Khdri. If I follow, you want to carry out interaction contrasts. E.g., you want to test one of the two-way interactions at each level of the 3rd variable. Is that right? If so, I fear that it is not terribly straightforward in SPSS (IMO). The 2008 article by Howell & Lacroix shows some examples, but they the method they use requires fairly advance understanding of how to generate contrast codes. I think it would be much easier to get the desired results using the MANOVA command that they show in some of the supplementary files. You can see their article and get the supplementary materials (i.e., the Appendix link) here:

Meanwhile, do you have access to any other stats packages? I know that the contrasts (I think) you want to look at are much easier to get using Stata. And I imagine the same is true of R or SAS.

HTH.

..thank you for your detailed answer!

Greetings,

Michael

In Silvaco Atlas TCAD, you can dope a region with carbon by defining a carbon impurity profile in the input file. The syntax for this would depend on the specific file format you are using (e.g., deck, MSDX, etc.). Here is an example of the syntax for doping a region with carbon in a deck file:

*Region definition

REGION

...

CARBON 1.0e20

...

END

In this example, the CARBON keyword is used to specify the doping concentration of carbon in the region, which is set to 1.0e20 cm^-3. The REGION and END keywords are used to define the beginning and end of the region definition, respectively. The dots (...) represent other parameters or regions that may be present in your input file.

Note that the doping concentration and other parameters may need to be adjusted based on your specific device requirements and simulation setup. Additionally, you may need to add additional keywords or parameters to specify the distribution and type of doping. Please refer to the Silvaco Atlas TCAD user manual for more information on the syntax and usage of these keywords.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) in JASP allows you to estimate SEM models for multiple groups. To write the syntax for a multigroup SEM model in JASP, you will need to specify which paths are constrained to be equal across the groups.

You can do this by indicating the equality constraints in the path diagram by adding the same label to the path in the different groups. You can use the constrain button in JASP to equalize the path in different groups.

Here is an example of how to write the syntax for a multigroup SEM model with a constrained path:

# Measurement Model

group = {group1, group2}

model {

for (i in 1:2) {

y1 by A1@1;

y2 by A2@1;

}

}

# Structural Model

model {

for (i in 1:2) {

A1 -> y1;

A2 -> y2;

}

# Constrain path A1->y1 to be equal across groups

A1@1 = A1@2;

# Constrain path A2->y2 to be equal across groups

A2@1 = A2@2;

}

You appear to be talking about formatting the cell counts in a contingency table created via CROSSTABS. I suspect you may be able to achieve what you want using the OUTPUT MODIFY command. See the TABLECELLS subcommand and keyword FORMAT.

HTH.

Robert Schaefer

Thanks a lot. I'll try it and see if it works.

* Create a toy dataset to illustrate.

NEW FILE.

DATASET CLOSE ALL.

DATA LIST LIST / A B C D E (5F1).

BEGIN DATA

1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 1

1 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 1

1 0 2 0 0

END DATA.

IF A EQ 1 and MIN(B,C,D,E) EQ 0 AND MAX(B,C,D,E) EQ 0 severity = 1.

IF B EQ 1 and MIN(A,C,D,E) EQ 0 AND MAX(A,C,D,E) EQ 0 severity = 2.

IF C EQ 1 and MIN(B,A,D,E) EQ 0 AND MAX(B,A,D,E) EQ 0 severity = 3.

IF D EQ 1 and MIN(B,C,A,E) EQ 0 AND MAX(B,C,A,E) EQ 0 severity = 4.

IF E EQ 1 and MIN(B,C,D,A) EQ 0 AND MAX(B,C,D,A) EQ 0 severity = 5.

FORMATS severity (F1).

LIST.

* End of code.

Q. Is it possible for any of the variables A to E to be missing? If so, what do you want to do in that case?

Ange, I think the easiest way for you to find an answer to your question would be to google something such as "SPSS recode variables YouTube". You'll probably find several sites that demonstrate what you want to do.

All the best with your research.

Hello Alice Wickersham. A couple of possibilities come to mind. IIRC, Stata's -mixed- command uses ML by default, whereas SPSS's MIXED command uses REML. So you'll have to decide which one of those you want to use, and modify one of the commands to use that one.

Also, IIRC, Stata's mixed command does large sample estimation by default--i.e., it reports z-tests and Chi² tests. If you want it to report t-tests and F-tests instead, you have to use the dfmethod() option.

HTH.

David Eugene Booth Thank you so much for the attachment and your reply.

Very interesting question. I am following it.

see this link

First any definition of a concept should follow a linguistic approach or theory in whose term you would define what recursion is. Then, an identification of the level at which you want to measure recursion is required.

As natural as it seems, recursion seems incalculable by observation. But, data may be limited to a certain number of languages in a certain type of texts. This may be a good beginning.

Regards

Initially I am practising on arty board which have internal XADC. I am able to give analog signal and able to display(debugging). But I have problem in finding the address of the stored sample. Basically I want to monitor those samples.

Somayeh,

EMG generally results from a bi-polar signal measurement of muscle activity with both positive and negative components as the activation occurs. As such, the signal is usually measured at a high frequency to pick up the signal's relative positive and negative directions. So merely downsampling or using a spline to decrease the number of samples will remove important parts of the signal.

That being said, the positive-negative parts of that signal are usually physiologically challenging, if not impossible, to interpret and what is often of more interest is the timing of increasing or decreasing muscle activation, which is correlated to the net amplitude of the signal as time progresses. Increased activation yields an increased EMG signal as more motor units are recruited via a more significant electrical signal.

Therefore, you should first use a moving root mean squared (RMS) window that takes the RMS of a certain number of samples (n) at a time and progresses to the end of the waveform. The RMS window process will then remove the positive-negative component of the signal and leave only information related to the modulating amplitude of the signal. In the more general signal processing realm, this is often referred to as "demodulation." After you have RMS windowed/demodulated your signal, you can simply use a spline filter or a standard downsampling/algorithm to get your data and your desired number of samples for your 100 data points for the complete movement phase for the individual.

Thor

Dear Heleen, did you find an answer to the question, what are the differences between the two versions?

Also would it be possible to receive the syntax for version 1?

Thank you so much in advance!

Kind regards, Johann

Konstantinos Mastrothanasis, by introducing manual copying & pasting etc., you make reproducibility much more difficult. IMO, anything that can be done via command syntax ought to be done via command syntax. The basic code Ange H. posted will work for the particular values she showed in her post--see the example below. If it is not working, that suggests there are other values present in the dataset other than the ones she has shown us. But we are still waiting for her to upload a small file including the problematic cases.

Meanwhile, here is the aforementioned example that works.

* Read in the values Angela showed in her post.

NEW FILE.

DATASET CLOSE ALL.

DATA LIST LIST / svar(A20).

BEGIN DATA

'Occurred 0 times'

'Occurred 1 time'

'Occurred 2 times'

'Occurred 3+ times'

END DATA.

LIST.

* Recode svar to nvar.

RECODE svar

('Occurred 0 times' = 0)

('Occurred 1 time' = 1)

('Occurred 2 times' = 2)

('Occurred 3+ times' = 3) into nvar.

FORMATS nvar (F1).

VALUE LABELS nvar

0 'Occurred 0 times'

1 'Occurred 1 time'

2 'Occurred 2 times'

3 'Occurred 3+ times'

.

CROSSTABS svar BY nvar.

There is one for low cycle fatigue with the direct cyclic approach. The inp file can be found here:

sophia.pwadam@stu.uccedu.gh @ Isaac mwinlaaru PHD

Part 6 in "Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal" by T.M. Palmer and J.A.C. Sterne (2016) provides a good first step. The "help network" command in Stata is also useful. Cochrane also used to sponsor training at the University of Bristol for doing network meta-analysis using Stata but they may have switched to using R. That was a good course.

Hi Ahsan Ullah!

When your basis set is not on G16, you need to write the "gen" keyword on your command line instead of the basis set. Then you write the coordinates and finally, you put the info of the basis set for every atom involved. The info for every atom must be separated with four asterisks.

I will show you the format that you should follow along

%chk=water.chk

%mem=4GB

%nprocs=4

#p opt freq b3lyp/gen

(leave a blank space here)

Title Card Required

(leave a blank space here)

0 1

H 2.75003900 -0.15335800 -0.68738400

O 2.15041200 -0.17165800 0.06153800

H 2.01471800 -1.09859400 0.27260600

(leave a blank space here)

H 0

S 5 1.00

3.387000D+01 6.068000D-03

5.095000D+00 4.530800D-02

1.159000D+00 2.028220D-01

3.258000D-01 5.039030D-01

1.027000D-01 3.834210D-01

S 1 1.00

3.258000D-01 1.000000D+00

S 1 1.00

1.027000D-01 1.000000D+00

S 1 1.00

0.0252600 1.0000000

P 1 1.00

1.407000D+00 1.000000D+00

P 1 1.00

3.880000D-01 1.000000D+00

P 1 1.00

0.1020000 1.0000000

D 1 1.00

1.057000D+00 1.0000000

D 1 1.00

0.2470000 1.0000000

****

O 0

S 10 1.00

1.533000D+04 5.080000D-04

2.299000D+03 3.929000D-03

5.224000D+02 2.024300D-02

1.473000D+02 7.918100D-02

4.755000D+01 2.306870D-01

1.676000D+01 4.331180D-01

6.207000D+00 3.502600D-01

1.752000D+00 4.272800D-02

6.882000D-01 -8.154000D-03

2.384000D-01 2.381000D-03

S 10 1.00

1.533000D+04 -1.150000D-04

2.299000D+03 -8.950000D-04

5.224000D+02 -4.636000D-03

1.473000D+02 -1.872400D-02

4.755000D+01 -5.846300D-02

1.676000D+01 -1.364630D-01

6.207000D+00 -1.757400D-01

1.752000D+00 1.609340D-01

6.882000D-01 6.034180D-01

2.384000D-01 3.787650D-01

S 1 1.00

1.752000D+00 1.000000D+00

S 1 1.00

2.384000D-01 1.000000D+00

S 1 1.00

0.0737600 1.0000000

P 5 1.00

3.446000D+01 1.592800D-02

7.749000D+00 9.974000D-02

2.280000D+00 3.104920D-01

7.156000D-01 4.910260D-01

2.140000D-01 3.363370D-01

P 1 1.00

7.156000D-01 1.000000D+00

P 1 1.00

2.140000D-01 1.000000D+00

P 1 1.00

0.0597400 1.0000000

D 1 1.00

2.314000D+00 1.000000D+00

D 1 1.00

6.450000D-01 1.000000D+00

D 1 1.00

0.2140000 1.0000000

F 1 1.00

1.428000D+00 1.0000000

F 1 1.00

0.5000000 1.0000000

****

(leave a blank space here)

Hope this helps!

There are several sources for defining matlab and matlab code. Particularly, you can read the definition of the Matlab code below:

Also, I found new source about Matlab for you pdf file. You can look. Siddharth Kamila

Hello Laurien Meijer. I think it is easier to tackle this with the data in the LONG format. E.g., suppose you have a variable called PairID that shows which pair each row belongs to. And suppose you want to keep for each pair the row with the higher age. This would do the trick:

* Save the max age for each pair as new variable age_max.

AGGREGATE

/OUTFILE=* MODE=ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE=YES

/BREAK=PairID

/age_max=MAX(age).

* For each pair, keep the record with the higher age.

SELECT IF Age EQ age_max.

DESCRIPTIVES Age PairID.

Note that if both members of a pair have exactly the same age, both would be kept in the dataset. I don't know if that is possible for your data.

Hi There David Morse

Thanks for your response, it is much appreciated! I think I realized from your reply that I need to restructure the data - it is in wide format in terms of the items but not in terms of the timepoints/days. After having banged my head against the wall for a while on this I am going to use R instead ;)

Dear Aritra Roy ,

I think GD3BJ empirical dispersion was included in later revisions of Gaussian 09, so you should move either to not-so-old versions of G09 or directly to G16.

Hope you find it helpful

I believe your model is written incorrectly. The DV SHOULD BE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE = Sign. See the attached screenshot example.

Best wishes David Booth

Kolapo Ayoola Fasina

It depends on what you mean by inverse.

For E.g. it could also be inverse <- 1/x

or

inverse <- -x

bonjour je voudrai connaitre la commande pour décomposer la productivité totale des facteurs en efficacité technique et progrès technologique

There are multiple problems in your gjf file:

1. The **** after lanl2mb for Au is missing. The **** should be present at the end of each set of basis set, even when it is the last one.

2. For Au, you must define both the basis set and the pseudopotential.

3. Never use 6-31G. Use 6-31G(d) instead. The d-functions are essential.

4. The molecule is two large (293 atoms). It is severely out of the scale of DFT calculations. Please reduce the size into less than 150 atoms.

5. There are a vast number of carbon atoms at the edge that do not have adequate valence bonds. Please saturate them with H.

6. In general, Au do not exhibit 1-coordination. Please carefully reconsider the reasons of making this molecular model.

7. LanL2MB is quite out of date. Please use LanL2DZ instead at least. The better choice is SDD.

The right way of defining the basis set is shown as below (comments are shown after !, and please remove them when you write an input file):

# b3lyp em=gd3bj genecp ! use genecp to set both the basis set and pseudopotential

(blabla)

-C -H 0

6-31G(d)

****

-Au 0

SDD ! set the basis set for the valence shell of Au

**** ! Don't forget this line

-Au 0 ! set the pseudopotential for the core electron of Au

SDD

! there is no more **** here in the pseudopotential part

Hello Sourav Pal

The directives in the .top and .itp files have rules about the order in which they can appear, and this error is seen when the order is violated. The include file mechanism cannot be used to  #include a file in just any old location, because they contain directives and these have to be properly placed.

In particular, "Invalid order for directive defaults" is a result of defaults being set in the topology or force field files in the inappropriate location; the [defaults] section can only appear once and must be the first directive in the topology.  The [defaults] directive is typically present in the force field file (forcefield.itp), and is added to the topology when you #include this file in the system topology.

If the directive in question is atomtypes (which is the most common source of this error) or any other bonded or nonbonded [*types] directive, typically the user is adding some non-standard species (ligand, solvent, etc) that introduces new atom types or parameters into the system. As indicated above, these new types and parameters must appear before any [moleculetype] directive. The force field has to be fully constructed before any molecules can be defined.

Hope it helps.

I wish you success

You might want to check out Stride et al.'s (2015) excellent and very comprehensive Mplus syntax collection for various mediation & moderation models to see if you can find the syntax that you need:

Please check this link, it can help you

Thanks for all of you and I have tried many many ways like the answer provided, but don't figure it out. Still wait for the right way.

Here's an example (simple mediation model with one mediator m and two groups):

TITLE: multigroup path analysis

DATA: data.dat;

VARIABLE: NAMES ARE x m y;

GROUPING IS g (1=male 2=female);

MODEL: y on x m;

m on x;

OUTPUT: SAMPSTAT STDYX;

In this example, all 3 paths would be estimated separately/freely between groups. If you wanted the paths to be constrained equal across groups, you would have to change the MODEL statement as follows:

MODEL: y on x (c)

m (b);

m on x (a);

The labels (a), (b), and (c) tell Mplus to hold the path coefficients equal across groups.

If you wanted to obtain the direct, indirect, and total effects from x to y, you would add the statement

MODEL INDIRECT: y ind x;

to the MODEL command.

BTW I forgot to say to be sure that you have the intervention coded on the RHS. Best wishes David Booth

Hello Hannah,

Can you be a bit more specific as to what your variables include (between, and within on the IV side; the DVs as well)?

Good luck with your work.

Thanks Saeb AmirAhmadi Chomachar for the reply, it has helped significantly.

Dear Adam Coussens

I work with SPSS ver. 25 (MAC) and SPSS ver. 28 (Windows) and have not detected any problems with the macro. As an alternative PROCESS you can use the free statistical package JASP, which has a specific module for mediation (https://jasp-stats.org/) or JAMOVI (another free software alternative available at https://www.jamovi.org/). If you have worked with R, PROCESS macro works correctly in this environment.

Best Regards

Could someone send me the syntax of the sf12v2 for SPSS?

I try to get a license of SF12 version 2 scoring is very expensive. I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you very much. My email: sumikao@icn.usyd.edu.au

Dear Prabhath Amarasinghe

Here you have some links that could help you with python:

Links:

- https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.metrics.cohen_kappa_score.html

-https://www.programcreek.com/python/example/89250/sklearn.metrics.cohen_kappa_score

- https://analyticsindiamag.com/understanding-cohens-kappa-score-with-hands-on-implementation/

All the best

I think that you already pointed out an important similarity: laptops can somehow communicate with other devices, such as printers.

For me, the most important difference is that the laptop and printer can only exchange a limited set of 'communications', whereas human language can communicate an infinite number of different messages. Maybe you can say that for human communication you need intelligence, in order to understand and produce messages that have not been foreseen in advance.

Dear Sven Beecken

I'm sorry I can't say anything about Chomsky's claims, but I'd like to try to add a few things to the discussion. Frege did not establish that words correspond to things but that it is possible to differentiate, within the meaning, between sense and reference; that is, "the morning star" and "the evening star" are two expressions that have different meanings (for example, because one alludes to morning situations and the other does not) but name, designate or refer to the same object or referent (the planet Venus). It must be said, however, that in order to metalinguistically affirm that these two expressions designate the same object, it is necessary to assume an ontology according to which what is seen in the morning and in the afternoon is the same thing; that is, when Cicero wrote De natura deorum, alluding to the morning star (Phosphorus, Lucero or Lucifer) and the evening star (Vesperus or Hespero) as two different entities, the Fregean distinction could have been made but not with these examples. What Tarski does - which to me has little to do with this semantic distinction - is to provide a criterion for any definition of truth in the "material" correspondence sense (in the sense of correspondence to extralinguistic reality), using a formula for expressions different level linguistic sentences (for a metalinguistic sentence and an object sentence): "X is true if and only if p", which is typically exemplified by the famous sentence "'Snow is white' is a true sentence if and only if snow is white". However, in the text itself, where he states that "truth" is a semantic term, he refers to "the truth" as if it were some kind of substance or entity and -fundamentally- as if it were the same as speaking of a term or a definition, which in my opinion rather obscures his claims. But, furthermore, since it can also be said " 'Nothing nothings' is a true sentence if and only if nothing nothings", it seems to me that the formula has much the aspect of a circular or tautological logical device and that, most importantly, which is to explain why a "material" sentence is true and what exactly it means to correspond to a fact precisely remains unexplained.

Also -and despite Chomsky's affirmations-, one must not confuse the thesis that natural language has no reference with the one that it does not describe in the material sense (that it does not describe facts that actually exist), because these affirmations are not equivalents. To speak of reference is to speak of language, and only of language. It can be said that a term or a sentence refers and that does not commit one to the affirmation that this referent exists beyond language, that it can be sustained or not. On the other hand, when it is affirmed that a thing exists or that an event occurs, we are not talking about language, but about a part of the extralinguistic reality that is assumed to exist. For example, and given the Fregean distinction, it can be said that the phlogiston theory refers, because the phlogiston theory is language and the reference is a semantic relation: the phlogiston is the object to which it alludes (its referent), and that in her the term "phlogiston" has a certain meaning, and to say at the same time that her affirmations do not describe any fact or any entity of the world (that phlogiston does not exist), and in the first case, from our metalanguage something is affirmed about a language object (the phlogiston theory) but when it is said that there is no entity in the world that is phlogiston, one is not talking about language and, therefore, nothing is being said about semantic relations. Now, the thesis that natural language does not have a descriptive function, or does not describe extralinguistic facts or entities and properties, has been confuted in various ways, fundamentally assuming different assumptions about its nature, for example, by pragmatist, neopragmatist arguments, by those who maintain that languages ​​are acts or actions, etc. In an article on the beginnings of the Vienna Circle, Carl Hempel says that the thesis that there could be a correspondence between language and facts was already rejected because they were things of a different nature between which there was an "abyss". Perhaps a quick way to express it is to say that there will always be an insurmountable metaphysical difference between the word table, with its meaning, and table, and for some authors that means that "correspondence" is impossible. If you want to complicate things further, a Kantian or neo-Kantian might say that correspondence with facts is impossible because at best there may be a correspondence with what appears to us as facts in the mind.

If we are talking about language, reference and correspondence with facts, it can be problematic to offer arguments that speak of perceptions or words as mental states, since there are several arguments that have opposed the thesis of the mental or internal nature of language natural, from the sciences considering that it is a system of (physical) signs that responds to certain rules and is intended for communication between speakers, and from philosophy authors such as Reichenbach or Carnap have considered that it is not mental, and even Karl Popper has been emphatic about it, considering that it is abstract in nature. Another way of understanding it is by thinking that natural language is a collective evolutionary product of a species of animals, that words and meanings existed before any of us, that we have simply learned to reproduce it in consciousness and use it. That is, is this a philosophy of language debate or a philosophy of mind debate? Thank you.

Hello Gecho,

I dont have sorry.

Best,

I need it too, Please if you get let me know

Hello,

I checked the topol.top where the forcefield parameters lines in top while in older version the force field parameters defines in last section of topol.top

so you have to define your ligand .itp in below forcefield parameters lines.

ex.

; This is a standalone topology file

;

; Created by:

; :-) GROMACS - gmx pdb2gmx, 2020.4 (-:

;

; Executable: /apps/GROMACS/2020.4/bin/gmx_mpi

; Data prefix: /apps/GROMACS/2020.4

; Working dir:

; Command line:

; gmx_mpi pdb2gmx -f protein.pdb -o complex.gro -ignh

; Force field was read from the standard GROMACS share directory.

;

; Include forcefield parameters

#include "charmm36-feb2021.ff/forcefield.itp"

#include "AW_GMX.itp"

.....

[ molecules ]

; Compound #mols

Protein_chain_A 1

LIG 1

SOL 13404