Swine - Science topic

Hello, thank you so much for your great help on this. Besides 18s I tried GAPDH but it did not work. I have to try others as you kindly suggested. have a great weekend!!!

For rewrite of name author in research gate by go to edit information in setting of your profile

Hi Miguel Gallach,

Did you find out how to do this? I'm struggling with the same question now.

Regards,

Maja Winther Iversen

Péter Gyarmati and Caroline Weydert thank you so much for the suggestions. I treated the RNA with proteinase K and then used the Zymo RNA Clean & Concentrator kit, and the ddPCR reactions worked really well. I believe that during the RNA isolation process, some enzyme from the kidney was being eluted along with the RNA, which was inhibiting the reaction.

Yes I get them as well. Sort of gushing praise and request for contact but no actual question the person wants answered. And no indication that the (bot most likely) knows anything specifically about my research area. And yes, they are always from the persona of a young woman.

I just don't know what the scam is or what they hope to obtain.

Dear Debasish Borah

To organically enrich pig excreta and increase its nutrient quality, you can:

Compost with carbon-rich materials like straw.

Add organic amendments like biochar or rock phosphate.

Ferment using the Bokashi method with effective microorganisms.

Inoculate with beneficial microbes or compost teas.

Mix with green manures for added nitrogen.

Monitor pH and adjust with lime or gypsum if needed.

These methods enhance nutrient content and improve the manure's effectiveness as an organic fertilizer.

Arman Seyyedi 🏭🏭🏭

Melting low-grade (BF quality pellet) Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) in a submerged arc furnace (SAF) for pig iron production presents several technical challenges:

1. Chemical Composition Variability: Low-grade DRI often contains higher levels of impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and other undesirable elements compared to higher-grade materials. These impurities can affect the furnace chemistry, resulting in more complex slag management and potential quality issues with the pig iron produced.

2. Thermal and Electrical Efficiency: Low-grade DRI generally has a lower density and higher reactivity compared to higher-grade pellets. This can impact the thermal and electrical efficiency of the submerged arc furnace. The lower density may lead to a more porous charge, which can reduce heat transfer efficiency and complicate the control of electrical power input.

3. Melting Behavior: The melting behavior of low-grade DRI is different from that of higher-grade materials. The lower melting point and different slag characteristics of low-grade DRI can lead to operational challenges in maintaining stable furnace conditions. In particular, the formation of a more fluid slag may necessitate adjustments in furnace operation to prevent excessive slag loss or operational instability.

4. Furnace Design and Operation: SAFs are typically optimized for specific feed materials. Melting low-grade DRI might require modifications to furnace design or operation, such as adjusting the electrode configuration, changing the current distribution, or optimizing the fluxes used to handle the altered slag chemistry. These changes can increase operational complexity and costs.

5. Energy Consumption: The energy required to melt low-grade DRI can be higher due to its lower density and higher reactivity. This can lead to increased electrical consumption and potentially higher operational costs. Additionally, managing the energy input to achieve the desired melting and reduction efficiency without overheating or causing instability in the furnace can be challenging.

6. Slag Management: The nature of the slag generated from low-grade DRI can be more challenging to handle due to its composition and viscosity. Effective slag management is crucial to ensure that the furnace operates efficiently and that the quality of the pig iron remains consistent.

Addressing these obstacles requires a detailed understanding of the material properties, adjustments in furnace operation, and potentially, modifications in the design and management of the submerged arc furnace.

It seems like you're looking for information on a specific type of analysis related to the oil and gas pipeline industry, specifically regarding pig residual analysis. Pigs (Pipeline Inspection Gauges) are used in pipelines to inspect and clean them, and residual analysis involves examining what is left behind after a pig has passed through a pipeline.

While pigging operations and residual analysis are more commonly associated with pipelines in the oil and gas industry, it's less common to find specific reports or studies directly related to pig residual analysis in this context. Typically, such analyses might focus on:

If you're looking for specific reports or studies on pig residual analysis, you may want to explore academic journals, conference proceedings, or technical reports from industry organizations such as:

These organizations often publish technical papers and reports on pipeline integrity management, pigging operations, and corrosion control, which may include sections or studies related to residual analysis.

Please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community, not to the RG team. However, they do not add research "by hand", you are expected to do this yourself. See this help page for instructions: https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293005132305-How-to-add-research

try on samples that are confirmed positive by Microscopy and for Microscopy you need fresh samples

We can assist you on that

Hi, the general appearance may resemble a chironomidae, but I doubt it is, they do not have powerful mouthparts like the one seen in the pic. There are many species of dipterans whose larvae develop on carcasses. Some detailed photos of the cephalic and anal extremities will be useful.

Altought i didn't know about this until i read your question, i think that yes there are tetraspanin like markers in plants (alias TET), but not the CD markers we known in humans.

Some of these have structural similarity with the human ones, and that is why the antibody work. In the paper, probably dont known the right TET maker that is detected and they use the common term.

It depends what you want to know!

Nitrogen is a crucial element for plant growth and development, playing a significant role in the fertility and health of soil. Pig manure, being a source of organic matter, contains nitrogen in the form of organic compounds, primarily as proteins and urea. When pig manure is applied to agricultural fields, the nitrogen present in it can have several effects on the soil:

1. Nutrient enrichment: Nitrogen in pig manure acts as a fertilizer, supplying essential nutrients to the soil. This can enhance the growth and productivity of crops by providing a readily available source of nitrogen, which is a key component for plant growth.

2. Soil organic matter: Pig manure is rich in organic matter, which contributes to improving soil structure and increasing its water-holding capacity. Organic matter also enhances the nutrient-holding capacity of the soil, making it more fertile and better equipped to support plant growth.

3. Soil microbial activity: The addition of nitrogen-rich pig manure can stimulate microbial activity in the soil. Microorganisms play a vital role in nutrient cycling by decomposing organic matter and releasing nutrients in forms that plants can absorb. This can lead to increased nutrient availability in the soil.

4. Nitrogen leaching: Excessive application of pig manure, particularly when nitrogen is applied in amounts that exceed crop requirements, can lead to the leaching of nitrogen into groundwater or surface water bodies. Nitrogen that is not taken up by plants can be transformed into nitrate and easily washed away, potentially causing water pollution and contributing to the formation of harmful algal blooms.

5. Acidification: Pig manure contains certain organic acids that, when decomposed, can contribute to the acidification of soil. Acidic soil conditions can have adverse effects on plant growth and nutrient availability, and may require additional measures to mitigate the pH imbalance.

To optimize the effects of nitrogen in pig manure on soil, it is important to carefully manage its application. This includes considering the nutrient requirements of crops, the nitrogen content of the manure, and employing appropriate application techniques to minimize nitrogen losses through volatilization or leaching. Additionally, combining pig manure with other organic materials or complementary fertilizers can help balance nutrient ratios and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Normally cow dung is measured in kg and biogas in m3. 1 kg of cow dung along with an equal quantity of water (1:1) under anaerobic conditions. can vary depending on several factors such as the composition of the feedstock, the temperature of the digester, and the efficiency of the biogas system. Some digesters can yield 20 m3 of biogas per tone of waste while others can yield as much as 800 m3 per tone.

e.g.,

One tone of TS can produce 200 ccm of biogas, so 1 kg of TS will produce 0.2 m3 of Biogas.

One Kg of dung contains about 20% TS.

Now, 1 kg of dung which contains 20% TS will produce, 0.2*0.2 = o.04 m3 of biogas.

1 kg dung will produce 0.04 m3 of biogas.

Hence, 1/0.04 = 25 kgs is required to produce 1 m3 of Biogas.

Density = mass/ volume.

density of biogas is 1.15 kg/m3

mass ( required here is 1 kg )

volume required to make 1 kg biogas = mass ( 1 kg )/ density (1.15 kg/m3) = 0.86 m3.

therefore to produce 1 kg of biogas we need 0.86*25 = 21.7 approx 22 kgs of dung.

Please note the above calculation has been conducted without the addition of water. Generally a 1:1 ratio of feedstock is to water is taken. This will alter the calculations significantly.

Similarly, biogas yield can be calculated on Volatile solid (VS) content, which is a percentage of TS content. Another way is to base your calculations on the Chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) of the substrate. Though COD methods are generally employed for waste water treatment.

Good morning Benard Mzapi, You have an interesting ?, that I know nothing about in terms of the animal species/ measurement biology/chemistry. However, from a statistical point of view, you need to consider how retrospective you want this to be, what datasets you have access to & how many time points of measurement you have, are they comparable? Are the measurements continuous or categorical & what other co factors or variates are you wanting to measure/ get data on. Then decide on your analysis. What program are you using for statistical analysis? Good luck with this.

Hi,

For analysing high-frequency components in the primary somatosensory cortex, spectral analysis methods like Fast Fourier Transform or Wavelet Transform are popular. Toolboxes like MATLAB's Signal Processing Toolbox or Python's SciPy library can be useful.

Hope this helps.

With regard to immunohistochemistry, you could use Actin, Desmin or Connexin-43 however cardiac myocytes can be readily appreciated and identified on a standard haemotoxylin and eosin stain. What are you trying to differentiate them from?

In the case of clinical cases vaccination not advise because it act as stress beside silent infection in contact animals give immune response better than vaccine

Robert Adolf Brinzer Thank you for your recommendation. By the way, my first plate is fine without using a protease inhibitor, so I'm now curious that would it be possible that some of my reagents are not in good condition. I stored my samples for a few months before running ELISA. By the way, between these 2 plates, they are different tubes of samples but they are from the same day that I collect just from the different pigs.

soft pellet

Ki67 immunohistochemistry is a widely used marker of the tumor proliferative fraction. Apart from the nuclei staining of dividing cells, MIB-1 monoclonal antibody was withal found to stain the cell membrane of some tumour types. Indeed, such membrane reactivity was proposed as a diagnostic feature of the hyalinizing trabecular tumour (HTT) of the thyroid. To verify the diagnostic role of the Ki67 membrane pattern, 6 HTTs, 8 pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas (SH), and 6 other human tumors with MIB-1 cell membrane immunoreactivity were stained by immunoperoxidase with 5 different anti-Ki67 antibodies in different experimental conditions. We show here that the cell membrane reactivity reported in HTT is engendered only by MIB-1 and not by other antibodies to Ki67 (including commercially available mouse and rabbit monoclonal antibodies). In integration, this particular pattern is obtained only if the reaction is performed at room temperature because automated immunostained which operates at 37 degrees C does not engender any MIB-1 membrane localization. The same findings were obtained in the other 6 tumors. Conversely, sclerosing hemangioma of the lung did not engender any MIB-1 cell membrane reactivity in our hands. Cross-reactivity of the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody with an epitope expressed at the cell membrane level (rather than an artefact) seems the most likely explication for this finding because the immunoreactivity is generally profound and uniform in the membrane-positive tumours. We conclude that when Ki67 immunohistochemistry is utilized for diagnostic purposes in a suspected HTT, only the MIB-1 clone at room temperature should be employed. Shuang Xia @Lord James Henderson Mitchell https://dailyplanet.club/

No problem!

If necessary to survive or restore a human life, any products driven from pig or dog is applicable.

Point 1:

There are many arguments:

1- Pig or dog driven products will be considered as a part of human body when they become inserted, injected or implanted.

2- Saving human life is perior to any issue.

3- Animal driven products become transubstantiation as the part of human body.

Point 2:

Not only pig or dog, but also any forbidden (by Islam) animal for eating are under above arguments.

Point 3:

"Necessity" appears when a life-threatening issue occurs and there is no any alternative option to resolve that problem. The diagnosis of such necessity don't be resulted by only physicians or scientists.

Hi Augustin Siama, I think it's an embryonated flea egg.

Thank you

I might be useful to know if the pcr is failing or if it is working but the quant studio setting are not set correctly so you are not picking up the increased signal of amplification. Try running a couple of your amplified samples on an agarose gel to see if you have any amplification. While you are doing that if any of your colleagues have primers for any housekeeping gene borrow some and run a pcr for gel running to test if your cdna is good quality and also as a check that your primers are/are not working

Gordon L Warren Thank you very much for your detailed answer. However, I already have the protocol for freezing the samples properly (experience from chicken and human samples), my question was directed to dissection part, how to recognize semimembranosus in pig and what is proper way to take peace of tissue, how big, which tool to use (knife, razor blade...). Of course first cuts will be cut in smaller adequate pieces before freezing.

Hello, I'm currently having the same problem where my frozen OCT embedded samples crumble when punch biopsied. Did you ever find a solution?

There's a July 2022 article in ResearchGate at this link. It should give some information as well as contacts for further discussion....

Maria Luisa Appleman

ICC (Inter-costal catheter) helps to drain the fluid or air from the plueral spaces and it is general anaesthetic procedure. The main purpose of ICC is to treat pneumothorax, a rare medical condition where the inhaled air leaks into the spaces between lungs and chest wall. It would bring a man to collapse. Generally it occurs in high stamina - demanding sports such as Soccer and Marathon.

Hope it helps!

Dear Rahul Ravi ,

I would like to suggest you this resource:

For years together porcine insulin used in diabetic patients as those insulin differed from the human insulin by only one amino acid out 52 amino acid. So pigs shares many gene similarity with human. That is why a little alterations of gene sequence in the heart of the pig make pigs heart's genetic composition similar to human and thus avoid rejection.

dear Francisco

I design the microRNA primers that I need myself with miRprimer software and my qPCR results are very good. It is very easy to work with this software.

See https://NC3Rs.org.uk/moving-animal-free-scaffolds-construction-3d-organotypic-models

Contact Matthew Phaneuf (matt.phaneuf@biosurfaces.us) or Steven Visuri (steven.visuri@stempharm.com) and mention me.

Clive

Those data are entirely expected. The entire point of including a housekeeping reference gene and a standard curve is to be able to calculate expression relative to the housekeeping gene and allow to you compare between samples.

The variation is most likely due to differences in how much tissue you started with.

Good luck!

Maybe this paper is also helpful. Please find attached the interesting recent published paper related to biosafety concerns in pork industry. This paper may give you a good direction to what you really want.

When it are real big clots, it is most probably due to insufficient long time to clot (in case of serum). Clotting time is much longer an lower temperature like 4°C. When you see fibers moving around, these are cryoglobulins. The only thing you can do is centrifuge them down.

Yes, you can use 2% pig serum or 1:50 ratio.

May you elaborate more ,? are you going to study infection in neonates ?

have seen people who raise chicken above a fish pond. The chicken droppings feed the fish and the fish feed the chicken and the farmer can sell both the fish and chicken to improve his economic situation.

Please take a look at the following RG link for insights.

This question, with a certain complexity, has come back onto the 'official' media and scientific radars. Read for example:

And also (among other items in what will now become a proliferation):

'Damning' science shows COVID-19 likely engineered in lab: experts https://nypost.com/2021/06/06/damning-science-shows-covid-19-likely-engineered-in-lab/?utm_source=email_sitebuttons&utm_medium=site%20buttons&utm_campaign=site%20buttons

Try this. You can get it

Go through the documents attached please: https://www.animbiosci.org/journal/view.php?number=4685 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51908-0.pdf?proof=t

Dear Amalie!

Please You look at the article:

RNA quality and quantity values received by applying different workflows ordered according to the RIN values (starting from the workflow with highest RIN value). The RIN values are represented on top of the columns together with ±SD in brackets. The error bars represent the ±SD. (A) Pig skin samples; (B) Human skin sample.

Figure 4

Representative experion electropherograms of collected RNA. A: Mucosa and MMP tissue fractions of colon descendens and gastric fundus;

thank you. I am done with my experiments, and now have to argument for why my concentrations are low. Do you have some litterature about the reasons you just said? :-)

I'd use a kit and follow the protocol. I'd suggest you ask some colleagues in your lab which ones they have used before and any modifications that they use from the standard protocol.

Good luck!

Hello Ahmed,

To your first question:1- Do I need to assess my data first for normality distribution before applying the mixed model ANOVA?

The assumptions for the general linear model (including regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA) are that the errors (residuals) are normal and homogeneous (Eisenhart 1947, Seber 1966, Neter et al 1983 pp 31& 49, Quinn and Keogh 2002 pp 110 & 280). Evaluation of assumptions in advanced texts, where it occurs, often entails a residual versus fit plot (for homogeneity) and a normal score plot or Quantile-Quantile plot (for normality of the residuals).

"Looking at the data first" seems logical. However, . the assumptions cannot be judged until the residuals are obtained, which is readily done in any commonly used stat package.

By the way, the statistical literature warns against statistical tests to evaluate assumptions and advocates graphical tools (Montgomery & Peck 1992; Draper & Smith 1998, Quinn & Keough 2002). Läärä (2009) gives several reasons for not applying preliminary tests for normality, including: most statistical techniques based on normal errors are robust against violation; for larger data sets the central limit theory implies approximate normality; for small samples the power of the tests is low; and for larger data sets the tests are sensitive to small deviations (contradicting the central limit theory).

Preliminary evaluation seems logical so it can come as a surprise that checking the data before analysis does not address the assumptions. Advice against statistical tests to evaluate assumptions can also come as a surprise. But I think best practice, as in the literature, needs to be put out there in an online forum.

To check assumptions for residuals see:

Good luck with your research,

~David S

Chatfield, C. 1995. Problem Solving: A statistician's guide, Second edition (Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science) 2nd Edition,

Draper, NR and H. Smith 1998 Applied Regression Analysis, 3rd Edition. Wiley

Eisenhart, C. 1947. Biometrics 3:1-21

Gelman, A C Pasarica & R. Dodhia (2002) Let's Practice What We Preach, The American Statistician, 56:2, 121-130, DOI: 10.1198/000313002317572790

Läärä, E. 2009. Statistics: reasoning on uncertainty, and the insignificance of testing null. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 46: 138–157.

if the coding sequence is identical and there's no alternative splicing mechanisms, no, it doesn't matter.

If there are neutral changes in the coding sequence (SNPs), these might affect how the primers partially anneal

this will be suitable you

check this link

Me neither, never hear about that.

Based on the results that we have presented, a sample of minimum 300 subjects is often sufficiently large to evaluate both sensitivity and specificity of most screening or diagnostic tests

check this out.

check this out

@ Anyone who responds to my question:

With respect, please be constructive in responding to my question. I'm having to learn how to use this statistical technique as I go; valuable feedback is still needed and appreciated.

f0llowing

Hi, Elmira and to all the experts out there:)

I'm replying to this post here hoping that whoever who is facing the same problem can get a solution and also to get help myself.

I'm using Retinal pigment epithelium cell too for my enzyme work, human in particular. However, I'm facing a serious contamination problem during the process. I had tried using 2% and even 3% penicillin-streptomycin to clear the bacteria but the media doesn't get any clearer, still cloudy. At the same time, I'm seeing these long &short rod bacteria swimming around actively( as attached in the video below). At this point, I'm not sure is it still bacteria or it's some parasite contamination cause they were swimming very actively.

Does anyone know

1) What type of bacteria is this?

2) Any antibiotic to successfully kill it?

and also to Elmira Keramatfar, if you have successfully cleared the bacteria contamination, how did you do it? What did you use?

Have a nice day everyone.

Regards,

Eunice Cheah

Dear David Guillou ,

Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. Appreciated.

Very interesting finding on the increased lysine requirement (per kg gain basis) that you observed. Do you think it was related to the increased protein:fat deposition rate in the modern breed pigs?

Would you be able to share how the group-housed finisher pigs are restricted fed in France? Do you reduce pigs' appetite or restrict feeder access?

Back to my original question on feed intake trend, the nuclear herd with measured feed intake data over decades would be helpful for analyzing the trend of feed intake. Looking forward to more answers.

Thanks again.

Kind Regards,

Fan

thank you for the answer

Greetings to you, our dear colleagues, on this kind portal

Although I am on the subject of the question outside the specialty

However, equity has benefited from the offering and participation of researchers

Hello Yung-Fu Chang,

I have no idea if there is any cross reactivity between mouse and pig Fc receptors and the respective Fc parts of immunglobolins.

But just a quick thought how you could check it:

You could isolate murine monocytes or macrophages and incubate them with some µg of pig sera. Wash the cells and incubate with an fluorescence labeled anti-pig-antibody (e.g. anti-IgG).

Run a control sample where you block the Fc-Receptor of the monocytes/mac first with an blocking antibody (anti-CD16/32 maybe?). In this sample you should have no signal, proving the specific binding of pig-IgG to murine receptors.

Measure the fluorescence signal via FACS or a plate reader.

Of note:

Firstly, It's just my idea and I'm not an expert concerning cross reactivity or immune globolins etc...

And: You might (or might not) run into some issuses if your detection antibody (fluorescence labeled anti-PigIgG) recorgnizes the same binding site of your immune globoline which would be used for the binding to FcReceptors.

Maybe this helps a little bit

best regards

Robert

there are many measurement to calculate MRI that note in book named ( veterinary MRI).

hi Sébastien,

With these miniature implantable temperature loggers, you can have the laboratory animal body temperature recorded to detect very small temperature changes, up to 25 milli Celsius, after a stressor is applied to the animal via vaccine, medication in the food or solution sprayed in the environment. The download of the data is done while the WeeDip is implanted in the animal by wireless communication with a antenna.

Thermo Fisher Scientific catalog no. RB-9017-P0 for PGR (but it recognizes both A and B isoforms).

doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.07.002

You could count skin abrasions on the flanks of the pigs.

It is quite easy to see and document on non-pigmented animals.

thank you very much Heaven Le A Roberts for your suggestions and article link...

Caroline Candebat I can see no faults in your plan, but I must admit that the types of calculations are certainly not my strongest point. Just discuss it (once again may be) with a colleague or supervisor. If you can explain things to another person it means that you know and understand them yourself.

Still be aware that also the requirement data are not absolute values, their determination also carries large variability.

So being very precise in your calculations may cost quite some time and afterwards appear not to be warranted due to the variability in feedstuffs, animals etc etc.

Using rubber dam

CD3 antibodies are generally cross-reactive across most species, the 3-12 clone mentioned above should work on pigs. Beyond that it's probably going to be difficult, since there's not a lot of work done on pigs so commercial antibodies probably haven't been tested on them. You can try a search on Biocompare specifically for pig reagents, or you can look for antibodies for these markers that are noted to be cross-reactive across rodent, dog and human, in that case it is likely they should work on pigs.

Dear Elmira,

CER can provide you with pig serum.

If you are interested, please provide me with your e-mail address to discuss your needs.

Best regards,

Marie-Ange

Hi James,

I had a similar problem with a CSTR: low VFA measurements (using HPLC) but high FOS values form the FOS/TAC determination. I found in the publication of Purser et al. (2014) ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.020 ) that FOS is highly overestimated in relation with measured total VFA content (fig 2 on the article). It was suggested that carbonate content may produce an interference during titration of acetate (fig 3 on the article). A correction of the determination of FOS, from the Nordmann method, is then needed for a more accurate estimation of VFA content.

I hope this information may give you a clue to solve your question.

Best Regards,

Henry Fisgativa

Pbs or media, it doesn't matter so much for that period of time. I've always opted for media.

Again, speed will depend on the cell type. Having not worked with your cells I would guess that 200 g for 10 min.

This still showed contamination? Try 0.22 um and clean your incubator and hood thoroughly.

You can run higher concentrations of antibiotics in the short term. But I would not recommend past a few days.

Hi Ali ,

I would focus my reply on numerical analysis of furnace.

As you know its very complex cross flow reactor , so start with simplest model- non reactive CFD analysis .

Choose a config : depending upon production rate - there are different modules of furnace ( working volume). Use the temperature zones as Boundary conditions (BC) of a porous media against hot blast flow ( flow rate and Pressure as BC) . Initially keep porosity of furnace constant. Then make that function of height. Later on include the effect of Kinetics ( reaction flows) . As far as I know , its not same for any furnace, because kinetics depends upon the Raw material to furnace ( ore / sinter / pellet) and their internal ratio as raw material feed. So make some assumption based on a published literature. Given my understanding, BF analysis is based on measured conditions at exit, I have never come across the details on internal kinetics of a furnace.

Thank you for the tip.