Sustainable Economic Development - Science topic

In recent years, various forms of green finance, green financing within the framework of the development of green banking, green investment funds supporting the implementation of green economic ventures, playing an important role in the process of green transformation of the economy, are being developed.Nowadays, in financial institutions, commercial banks and investment funds, which add to their missions the issue of achieving the goals of sustainable development, protection of the climate and the planetary biosphere, considerations arise on how the structure of green financing for the implementation of green economic ventures should be formulated. On the other hand, public institutions involved in the implementation of certain climate and environmental policies are also trying to find a common denominator between the issue of selecting the type of green economic projects to be financed and the issue of selecting a certain green financing formula, i.e. the structure of the type of financial instruments, including green public finance, green credit, green corporate finance involved in supporting the implementation processes of pro-environmental and pro-climate economic projects. In view of the above, on the one hand, many companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions make decisions concerning the selection of specific currently applied forms of green financing for pro-environmental, pro-climate and sustainable business projects. On the other hand, a growing number of economic entities and institutions are considering both the issue of various types of green business projects, green investments and the choice of forms of green financing within the framework of financing carried out by commercially operating companies and enterprises, as well as green financing within the framework of non-refundable grants or loans granted on preferential terms from the system of public finances of the state and granted within the framework of programmes implemented within the scope of the developed environmental and pro-climate policy. The key determinants of the choice of forms of green financing for the implementation of green economic ventures, including, inter alia, new green investments, economic ventures implemented for the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, to accelerate the process of green transformation of the energy sector, to counteract the progressive process of global warming and to reduce the scale of the global climate catastrophe are primarily the issue of financing costs and the availability of financial resources also in the form of non-refundable financial grants and coming from various sources, including from the system of public finances of the state within the framework of the developed environmental policy. The non-refundable grants offered to citizens as part of green financing can play an important role in the scale of implementation of green economic ventures, including, inter alia, new green investments, economic ventures implemented to develop renewable and emission-free energy sources, to accelerate the process of green transformation of the energy sector, to counteract the progressive process of global warming.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the honourable scientific and research community:

What do you think?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Globalisation processes are subject to and influenced by various factors and processes operating over the long term. In recent years, the main determinants of globalisation processes include the growth of transnational corporations, international financial institutions, changes in the scale of economic protectionism applied, changes in international foreign trade strategies, cross-border capital flows financing direct investment and speculative investment in other countries' capital markets, international trade wars, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic and the recession of the 2020 economy, the increasing importance of green economic transformation and sustainable economic development, the energy crisis of 2022 and the intensifying negative effects of the progressive climate crisis. It may be that in the future, due to the intensifying negative effects of the progressive global warming process, the developing climate crisis, the importance of international environmental policy and supranational coordination for the implementation of sustainable development goals may be modified by globalisation processes in the years ahead. As a result, the structure of key priorities and factors shaping globalisation processes may change in the future. The importance of environmental, climate and sustainability factors in globalisation processes may increase. If globalisation processes undergo such modifications then international economic sustainability may also grow in importance. The question then arises as to how the processes of economic globalisation should proceed in order for sustainable international economic development to be realised?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about it?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What are the most serious problems of civilization development that should be solved as soon as possible? What are the global problems for which research should be developed and solutions to these problems resolved in 2019 and in subsequent years?

One of such research problems, which should not be postponed for an indefinite future, is the need to develop environment-friendly sustainable economic development in order to slow down the adverse process of global warming.

With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.

Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.

But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.

At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable.

More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface.

Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases?

How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy?

How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Although, mangroves have been acknowledged as effective coastal bio-shields and conservation of the same has been taken up as a collective global agenda[1], a more collaborative and intensive effort should be put in place for conservation of these unique habitats. Similar to the collective efforts at the global level, collective efforts at the local and regional level should be initiated and fostered for conservation and sustainable management of mangrove habitats. In this context a discussion note was prepared to initiate a dialogue with individuals and organizations in India, especially on the eastern Indian coast to initiate the “Eastern Indian Mangrove Alliance for Conservation (EIMAC)”, to collectively identify the issues and opportunities and initiate a collaborative effort for conservation of mangrove habitats, sustainable economic development of the coastal communities and climate change mitigation and adaptation on the eastern Indian coast. The following sections of the discussion note provides an overview of the mangrove habitats of the eastern Indian coast, biodiversity, socio-economic conditions of the artisanal fishermen, and the threats of climate change. It was intended that this discussion note would provide the background and help to open the window for further discussion and initiate collaborative and collective action.

[1] Outlook Business Team, 2022. COP27 identifies mangroves as important solution to climate change. Outlook, retrieved online: https://www.outlookindia.com/business/cop27-identifies-mangroves-as-important-solution-to-climate-change-news-235946

What should be the structure of a diversified energy sector that would have a high level of energy security and be fully resilient to the energy crisis?

What should be the share of different energy sources, including renewables and carbon-free energy sources, within a diversified energy sector that would be fully resilient to the energy crisis?

What should be an energy sector that is resilient to energy crises on the one hand and takes into account the needs of citizens, the needs related to the issue of sustainability, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. it should also be a pro-climate and pro-environmental energy sector?

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Those who read the 1987 Brundtland Commission Report know that it was about sustainable development solutions to the social and environmental sustainability issues embedded in the traditional market model due to the assumption of social and environmental externality neutrality that had led to social problems(poverty, over population) and environmental problems(Pollution, environmental degradation) that the commission highlighted as the reason for the need to go, not half way from business as usual, but away from business as usual, and they gave us the definition of sustainable development, not of sustainability…..

Sustainable development requires an integrated approach that takes into consideration environmental concerns along with economic development.

In 1987, the United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Today, there are almost 140 developing countries in the world seeking ways of meeting their development needs, but with the increasing threat of climate change, concrete efforts must be made to ensure development today does not negatively affect future generations.

The Sustainable Development Goals form the framework for improving the lives of populations around the world and mitigating the hazardous man-made effects of climate change. SDG 13: Climate Action, calls for integrating measures to prevent climate change within development frameworks. SDG 14: Life Below Water, and SDG 15: Life on Land, also call for more sustainable practices in using the earth’s natural resources. “

See we know, a) sustainability(optimization based) is not sustainable development (maximization based); b) The commission gave us a definition of sustainable development and not of sustainability as they saw the social and environmental issues created by the traditional market in terms of sustainable development thinking; c) that is why we have sustainable development goals, NOT sustainability goals.

We know the sustainability model is different than the sustainable development model and according to the model inconsistency principle sustainability and sustainable development can not be equated or defined one as the other or the other as the one.

Which raises the question, Do defining sustainability as sustainable development requires alternative academic facts? If yes, Why?

I think YES, what do you think?

Feel free to provide your own view when answering the question.

In your opinion, what are the biggest barriers and limitations for the global dissemination in the business processes of sustainable green economy based on the concept of green economy?

Please reply

Best wishes

I think there are many challenges for the implementation of SDGs.

What socio-economic policy is appropriate for reducing poverty and social exclusion in contemporary social market economies?

Please answer

Best wishes

Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG,

I invite you to discussion and cooperation.

Best wishes

Do you agree with my opinion that in the context of the forecasted slowdown in the economic growth of many countries in 2019, policies for activating entrepreneurship and innovation should be developed within the framework of active, pro-development, anti-crisis, Keynesian, national socio-economic policies?

Please reply

Best wishes

Coal based power plants are one of the cheapest and more effective instruments to produce electricity. Many developed countries have already applied this plants and had the benefit from it. Although some of the countries have now stopped using coal based plants because of the negative impact being created towards the nature.

At present, many developing countries specifically in Asian and African region, are choosing Coal to produce more electricity as the demand is at the highest peak; even though a huge environmental degradation is happening due to these circumstances.

Should sustainable pro-ecological economic growth based on the green economy concept become one of the key pro-social, pro-development and anti-crisis segments of the national and supranational socio-economic policy?

Please reply

Best wishes

Are sources of global or national financial, economic, debt, monetary and financial crises described and explained in recent years in scientific publications taken into account in financial supervision institutions in shaping prudential instruments, improving financial system security systems in order to increase this level of security and reduce risk potential future occurrence of similar, similar financial and economic crises, etc., thus improving the sustainable economic development of the country and the global economy?

Do you know examples of countries in which in recent years institutions of supervision over the financial system while shaping prudential instruments, improving financial systems security systems took into account the sources of global or national financial, economic, debt and monetary crises described and explained in recent years in scientific publications e.t.c.?

What types of prudential instruments, instruments of the process of improving financial risk management, including credit, liquidity, currency, debt or other, operational, market, etc. were improved by financial supervisors after the global financial crisis in 2008, which were proposed in the last years in scientific publications?

Is the importance of improving the credit risk management processes in financial institutions growing due to the continuation of processes and market situations occurring on financial markets, including capital markets, stock exchanges, used business practices in investment banking, forecasted decline in the global economic growth rate in 2019, emerging considerations about the subsequent re-evaluation of securities valuations, etc.?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Best wishes

Problems related to sustainable development and mostly in deloping countries.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Proecological sustainable economic development implemented according to the concept of the new green economy?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Proecological sustainable economic development implemented according to the concept of the new green economy.

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

Planet Earth inclusive of humanity is facing the unprecedented twin crisis of global warming and climate change which are impacting all systems and sectors transgressing all boundaries. There are two main approaches: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation for preventing greenhouse gases to build up in the atmosphere by curtailing its release at the source as well as by enhancing GHG sink. The second strategy involves measures for living with the climatic changes. A balanced mix of multiprong measures is to be taken from individual to institutional levels, from local, regional to global scale.

All the researchers, thinkers and RG friends are invited to take part in this important discussion with your insightful views and useful literature about the state of the art of mitigation and adaptive strategies - both traditional ecological knowledge and modern tools and technologies.

Sustainable development is very important in the context of the increasing use of resources and environmental pollution.

The basic issue that must be achieved within the framework of full sustainable development is the renewal of resources, reduction of economic growth to the optimal level ensuring renewable resources, reduction of environmental pollution, creation of biodegradable substitutes for fossil fuels, replacement of traditional energy based on mineral combustion for technological innovations in in the field of energy, including the development of energy based on renewable energy sources, etc. To this should be added a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to slow down the negative aspects of the oceogenic climate of the Earth. There is so much to do in these themes and, above all, a great deal to do in the 21st century so that it would not be too late.'

To effectively carry out this process, it is necessary to develop universal, precise measures of sustainable development that will be used globally and will be recognized as the standards for assessing the process of achieving and achieving sustainable economic development in harmony with ecology.

But it is very difficult to establish precise measures for the sustainable development process. Sustainable economic development in correlation with ecology should be measured to determine if it is being implemented. It is necessary to define precise determinants that on one hand will determine the pace of economic development and on the other hand will take into account specific issues of ecology. It should be a set of quantified indicators based on selected measurable and quantitative data, so that the whole analytical process can be considered as a research objective method. The best solution will therefore be to develop an analytical scoring method, for which the basic components of this method will be defined economic and ecological quantitative indicators.

In the light of the above, the question arises: Is sustainable development possible taking into account the full harmony of economic development with ecology?

Even if it is unrealistic, what are the reasons for building a theoretical model that would present such a fully balanced development?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

How can the effectiveness of the environmental policy of the state be increased in order to achieve sustainable ecological development based on the concept of green economy in the shortest possible time?

Please reply

Best wishes

Think about it, the corona virus has brought the supply side and the demand side of the pro-rich growth economy in place in most countries.....

Before the virus hit a high portion of the demand side was already cash poor or short; and after the virus hit and lockdowns and stay at home policies came alone that high portion of the demand side went basically cash empty....

If the governments, safely or not, move towards bailing out the supply side of the market to set up again its pro-rich growth structure to reopen economies, they need as strong demand, but a cash empty demand can not support such a structure as it could not afford to participate in the market,,,,and the market should be expected to collapse....

However, if the government sets up a sustained direct trickle down program to give the demand side ability to pay/buy, then this can create a tricle up effect that would clear the goods and services coming from the newly revived pro-rich growth model as they would be able to participate in the market for as long as the direct trickle down is on..

Which raises the question, Will the recovery of the pro-rich growth economy need a trickle up push from a direct trickle down program?. I think yes, what do you think?

In your opinion, what are the biggest barriers and limitations for the global dissemination in the business processes of sustainable green economy based on the concept of green economy?

Please reply

Best wishes

Global warming is being addressed through a sustainable development lense formally since 2012 Rio +20; and therefore, it is being addressed outside sustainabiltiy rules.

And this raises the question, is not global warming a sustainability isssue? I think it is a sustainabiltiy issue. What do you think?

There are several possible explanations of why mainstream economists and thinkers from the UN level up and down have steered the solution to the environmental crisis away from green market, green growth, and green economies commitment they place on themselves in 2012 Rio +20, and leaning towards dwarf green markets like carbon pricing or low carbon…pushing economics towards the non-science domain in the process, and if the process continues or it is not corrected soon, then I believe economics cannot longer then be called a science as a field which do not follow the scientific method/the theory-practice consistency principle on purpose is not a science….it can be a business, but not a science….

One of the main explanation to the issue above can be constructed around two key words: manmade market distortions vrs market failures which get clouded under the paradigm shift knowledge gaps as in this case the green market paradigm shift knowledge gap; and the only inside solution to the paradigm shift those inside the box can see is to look at the issue, that once was assumed not to be an issue at all, as externality led market failure.  And to treat an issue that in the new market is supposed to be endogenous issue as an externality led market failure adds more distortion to the already distorted market…..Thomas Kuhn/The structure of scientific revolutions suggested the inability of those inside the box to deal with paradigm shifts like the shift to green markets, those inside the box see only externality led market failures and those outside the box see the man made distortions that need to be corrected/closed to internalize the externality and create green markets…..I will show this in my next paper, but I am curious about whether others see what I can easily see so I am asking this question....

We know that Adam Smith assumed social and environmental externality neutrality to simplify reality and  to create an economy only market making only economic issues endogenous issues and the only issues reflected in the pricing mechanism of the traditional market. 

Therefore Adam Smith gave a model with two distortions in 1776, a social distortion(a) and an environmental(c) distortion and one dominant component, the economy(B), the structure below:

TM = aBc

TMP = P = ECM + i

Society(a) and environment(c) did not matter, they are there to meet economic goals....remember the thought?

Then the 1987 Bruntland Commission critique came in "Our Common Future'" and suddently social and environmental issues matter and need to be internalized...so they shifted to green markets, economy and environment partnership markets, with the structure below:

GM = aBC

GP = P + EM = ECM + i + EM

The structure of the shift is as follows as the environemental distortion is corrected (c---------->C) as now environmental issues matter and they are reflected in the price mechanism of the market as an externalty margin(EM):

TM = aBc-----------------------> GM = aBC

TMP = P = ECM + i -------------------> GP = P + EM = ECM + i + EM

Therefore, to correct Adam Smith model to reflect environmental concerns we only need to correct the distortion in his model as the environment matters and internalize the environmental cost in the pricing mechanism of the market....

GP - TMP = ECM + i + EM - (ECM + i ) = EM

So when Adam Smith assumed social and environmental externality neutrality he introduced those distortions as there has never been social and environmental externality neutrality....Therefore,  to correct his model we  only need to correct the distortion, not to treat the distortion as an externality led market failure which is what apparently those inside the box are doing in the case of the shift to green markets....

As Adam Smith created these social and environmental externality distortions as they have always been there I use the term man made market distortions....

So the question is, Are manmade market distortions market failures?  I say no, what do you think?

 “Yes and Why or No and why” answers or comments please to better exchange ideas.

I am currently trying to estimate the effect of energy crises on food prices. Given the link between energy and food prices, I am inclined to reason that ECM will be best to estimate the relationship between food price and energy price (fuel price). Additionally I would like to include dummy variables in the model to estimate the effects of periods of energy crises on food prices. This I know is simple to do.

Where am confused is, how to model price volatility in the context of an ECM. I am only interested in the direction where fuel price, as well as the structural dummies for energy crises influences not just the determination of food price, but their volatility as well.

In 2012 Ric + 20 we shifted in theory to green markets, green economy and green growth thinking as the three indispensable components of environmentally friendly economic development, yet you do not hear much about green markets since then from those leading the development agenda be it OECD or FAO or World Bank or WRI, and so on... given the impression that green markets are not important in solving the environmental sustainability problem affecting the traditional market....which raises a the question, Can the green economy and green growth exist without green markets? I think No, what do you think?

Please share your own opinion on the question about this question indicating why you think so

If we look at sustainable development as different partial ways of correcting the traditional market, then sustainable development based markets follow the maximization rule too. But true sustainability is a full correction of the traditional market, not a partial one, which leads to the question: Is true sustainability consistent with the concept of maximization too? I think no, true sustainability is inconsistent with maximization.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Sustainable pro-ecological anti-crisis Keynesian socio-economic development?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Sustainable pro-ecological anti-crisis Keynesian socio-economic development.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG

I invite you to discussion and cooperation.

Best wishes

In which economic conditions, active housing policy, under which new housing estates are being built on a large scale, can be an effective instrument for pro-development, Keynesian, counter-cyclical state interventionism?

How should the state run an active, investment housing policy within which new housing estates are being built on a large scale in order to support balanced economic development without generating credit risk growth and subsequent economic crises as part of pro-development, Keynesian, anti-cyclical state intervention?

Please reply

Best wishes

Outcomes in terms of commercialization. Bentonite can be employed as a support for catalysts. What about the dye? A catalyst?

Just think about it, from about 1960s to 2012 a green cold war was on in western countries and the Rio +20 conference was the event where winners and losers were going to come up. The competitors in the different economy-environment coalitions were perfect environmentalism and imperfect environmentalism. Perfect environmentalism aims at fixing the environmental sustainability gap to achieve environmental sustainability, imperfect environmentalism aims at patching the environmental sustainability gap to achieve environmental externality management. In the end from 2012 to now the world went environmental externality management. So the question, can 2012 Rio +20 conference be taken as where perfect environmentalism lost the green cold war? I think yes, what do you think?

In which sectors of the economy, types of economic activity should be used development-oriented socio-economic policy to stimulate the economic processes of the entire economy?

This issue is particularly important now, ie in the period of the forecasted slowdown in economic growth in many countries for 2019.

What types of business ventures should be supported by state bodies and co-financed from the state budget?

What types of public goods should be developed as part of a pro-development socio-economic policy?

What types of investment projects, eg in communication, energy and IT infrastructure, should be developed with state support?

What economic policy should be actively pursued by the state? Is monetary policy (eg purchase of assets lost by central banks from commercial banks), fiscal policy (eg lowering certain categories of taxes), housing policy (eg building housing for the poorest citizens), social policy (eg subsidies for setting up a business in the form of a micro-enterprise) etc.?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Best wishes

Entrepreneurship has emerged from people's permanent desire to meet their own needs, namely the permanent capacity to adapt to the new technological challenges of the markets and to create new elements to meet the needs of the market. Due to their innovative nature, entrepreneurs persist in discovering new sources of documentation to continually improve their activities. For the sustainable development of small businesses, especially in rural areas, the role of entrepreneurs is determined by their knowledge capacities in terms of supply, the cost of their products and services, and the mobilization of financial resources in the development of new businesses or the expansion of existing businesses.

There are debates regarding the function of green marketing from various standpoints. On the one hand, the concept may refer to the promotion and encouragement of ecological way of consumption and production. On the other hand, it may also be linked to the idea that green marketing merely exploits the concern for nature, hence commodifies the environment. What do you think?

To the problems resulting from the predatory economy of obtaining wood from the Amazon rainforest, nowadays we should add the more frequent drought and fires of this Amazon rainforest.

In recent years, the number of cases of weather anomalies and climate disasters caused by climate change related to the increasingly faster global warming process is growing rapidly. The increasingly faster global warming process is the result of an increase in greenhouse gas emissions emitted by industry and the energy sector producing electricity and heat based on the burning of minerals. In addition, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions is due to the development of the automotive industry also powered by burning minerals. Greenhouse gases are also emitted by agriculture, mainly livestock production carried out using traditional production technologies without complying with the principles of organic farming. In addition, the burning of rubbish, including plastics, causes greenhouse gases and toxic to humans and other forms of life chemical compounds to be released into the atmosphere. Due to the warming climate of the Earth, the consumption of electricity is growing, because the houses are installed larger refrigerators, refrigerators, air conditioners and more electronic devices enabling access to the Internet. The increase in demand for electricity causes a rapid increase in generation capacity in traditional power plants generating this energy based on traditional energy, consisting in burning increasingly larger amounts of hard coal, lignite, mazout from crude oil and other minerals.

Due to the above, a very negative effect of the progressing global warming process are more and more frequently occurring weather anomalies and climatic disasters, above all the more frequent drought causing forest fires. Increasingly larger forest fire areas cause degradation of natural environments. For example, at present (August 2019) there are forest fires of the Siberian Tundra at the Arctic Circle, fires of large areas of the Amazon rainforest, forest fires in many places in Europe and in many other places of other continents. This is another very negative effect of the more and more frequent drought and other weather anomalies being a derivative of the progressing global warming process. Droughts and fires very quickly cause impoverishment of biodiversity, soil sterility, degradation of natural environments, decline in the number of living organisms, extinction of many species of flora and fauna and other negative processes.

These fires, especially the Amazon rainforest fires in Brazil are very negative for the Earth's ecosystem due to climate change. The Amazon rainforests produce up to 20 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. oxygen. During current fires (end of August 2019), part of the Amazon rainforest with an area of 1.5 football field burns every minute. the government in Brazil has announced that it does not have the resources to counteract this problem. It does not have enough firefighters and firefighting equipment to even try to put out the fire. This is a problem not only for Brazil but for the whole world. This is a global problem. The problem of the burning enormous rainforests of the Amazon rainforest should be the subject of urgent convening of a special UN conference as soon as possible, including the participation of many other international ecological organizations, governments of many countries, internationally operating financial institutions and industrial corporations capable of providing assistance and organizing measures and necessary actions to put out the fire as soon as possible. The Amazon rainforest fire is already a serious SOS signal for the Earth, for humanity, for the lives of many species of flora and fauna that the critical point caused by the global warming process has clearly been exceeded.

Therefore, quick actions are necessary to extinguish this fire and implement in Brazil and other countries programs of systemic implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development in accordance with the green economy philosophy. It is not easy in the situation of a developing country, a country that is just developing its industry and technology in order to achieve a level of economic development similar to the level of income, equipment with technologies etc. in highly developed countries. Therefore, systematic international assistance is needed for Brazil and other developing countries, which lack funds for implementing eco-innovations and implementing ecological reforms, among others in the field of development of renewable energy sources and limiting the plundering economy of obtaining wood from the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon rainforest fires are a serious SOS signal sent by nature towards humanity. There is less and less time for the implementation of the necessary pro-ecological activities. These are no longer paraphylosophical deliberations as was thought in public opinion at the turn of the 20th century. The progressing global warming process is a fact. It is also a fact that climate change, which is unfavorable for life on Earth, is primarily the responsibility of man.

Climatologists estimate that the necessary pro-ecological reforms in global terms should be carried out by 2030 at the latest for effective slowing of the global warming process to be effective. If this plan is not implemented, then by the end of the 21st century the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by another min. 3-4 degrees, which will result in an increase in climate disasters. Earlier there will be a complete melting of glaciers, the release of methane from the thawing Siberian tundra and other polar regions, an increase in drought, fires and volcanic eruptions. This will cause a chain reaction of climatic disasters that are a derivative of global warming and at the same time the same processes will be the source of further greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in the average temperature at the Earth's surface. If the climate change process enters the aforementioned chain reaction of climate disasters related to the global warming process, then it will not be possible to stop and significantly slow down these negative processes on Earth's life. However, there are still a few, max. several years to implement environmentally friendly reforms globally, implement sustainable economic development in economic processes carried out in accordance with the green economy philosophy. Therefore, the current question is: Will humanity use this remaining time to implement this plan. It is the biggest global civilization challenge for humanity in the 21st century.

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following questions:

Please reply

I invite you to discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

If the main card falls, in this case the Adam Smith's movel, all other cards supporting it or being supported by it would fall too; and this is because you cannot push or step on an island that no longer exist.....

And this raises the question, Should we expect a house of cards fall down effect when there is a paradigm shift? I think yes, what do you think?

There are many possible applications and reasons of utilization of renewable energy.

Please share your opinion where and how renewable energy utilization can be increased?

Also, share your opinion, why renewable energy sources are not accepted significantly?

Reaganomics refers to policy world of President Reagan, and Trumpconomics refers to the policy world of President Trump.

Comparing these two world views leads to a similarity and some differences, hence the question: Can you see the similarity and the differences between them?

What do you think?

We know that trickledown ideas are indirect ways of dealing with externalities hoping that as dominant components do better  or expand or grow the passive or dominated or exploited components will some how share too one day in the benefits of that growth....So if we know the externalities, we know or we should be able to guess the nature of the trickle down effect expectations associated with such a model...

In the traditional market model of Adam Smith there are two externalities, social and environmental, but the classic trickle down effect is associated only with social issues/externalities(e.g. poverty), not environmental issues.  And this is a theoretical inconsistency that may be explained by the fact that environmental issues are issues that relatively recently became relevant issues as compared to social issues...

In the perfect green market only social issues are externalities so the green trickle down effect  and expectation is related to social issues only(e.g. poverty).

What about in perfect red market? what is or should be the expectation  and the nature of red trickle down effect? Any ideas?

How should new economies be developed according to the green economy concept with which instruments and pro-ecological policy reforms should be developed to make it possible to achieve globally sustainable environmentally-friendly economic development in the next years?

How effective green economy philosophy should be developed in a pro-ecological socio-economic policy in order to solve key development problems of human civilization, ie environmental pollution, effective and quick in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thus slow down the ongoing process global warming, activation of the development of electromobility, renewable energy sources, development of organic agricultural production, development of production of biodegradable packaging, etc.

In view of the above, I am asking you: How should green economy be developed to allow for a globally sustainable pro-ecological economic development?

Please reply

Best wishes

How can be connect between Environmental pollution and Economy. Economical upgrades destrys the Environment and Vice-varsa. What will be the sustainable Economic goals to keep a sustainable healthy environment.

First, natural ecosystems should be fully described and precisely presented in the media, including new online media. Then, natural ecosystems should be actively and widely promoted as models of sustainable development, including models of sustainable economic development on a national and global level.

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Hello everyone,

I am looking for a proper method to calculate sample size to undertake Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) survey. The questionnaire is based on economic and innovation driven factors at metropolitan spatial level. The study area includes nearly 40 ULBs (urban local bodies).

Any suggestions/ideas are welcome.

Thanks!

Most representation of sustainability shared in wikipedia are in my opinion incorrect, but they are there. Here is an example.

Can you see what is wrong in this representation?

Is it time to change the civilization development strategy globally and focus on sustainable socio-economic development?

Will "ECONOMY" help in this, will "NEW ECONOMY" help in the 21st century?

In the greatest generalization, economics should help reconcile two opposing issues: How to create and deliver through limited markets economic goods, created on the basis of limited resources to meet unlimited human needs. Economics should also help in formulating the answer to the question: what, how and for whom to produce, produce, offer? On the other hand, in the 21st century, the economy should help answer the question: how should domestic and international economies develop in order to achieve sustainable economic development taking into account the issues of ecology, renewable energy sources, increasing the use of secondary raw materials, development of technological innovations, ecological and materials that will enable achieving sustainable development, i.e. such economic development in which the negative effects of this development for the natural environment will be gradually reduced.

This is a very important question in the context of the changing economies of the 21st century, in the context of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0.

Apparently, we are now living in the era of the fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.

The previous three technological revolutions:

1. The industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, determined mainly by the industrial application of the invention of a steam engine.

2. Electricity era of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

3. The IT revolution of the second half of the twentieth century determined by computerization, the widespread use of the Internet and the beginning of the development of robotization.

The current fourth technological revelation, known as Industry 4.0, is motivated by the development of the following factors:

- artificial intelligence,

- cloud computing,

- machine learning,

- Big Data database technologies,

- Internet of Things.

On the basis of the development of these IT instruments and technologies, business analytics of companies such as Business Intelligence and the above-mentioned areas have been dynamically developing in recent years.

In view of the above, I turn to you with the following question: In what direction will the current technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0, develop?

Will "ECONOMY" change its character, its functions in the context of changing economies in the 21st century, in the context of the current fourth technological revolution Industry 4.0, in the context of the growing importance of renewable energy, environmental protection, to reduce the Earth's greenhouse effect and increase the scale of sustainable implementation development?

Is it time to change the civilization development strategy globally and focus on sustainable socio-economic development?

Will "ECONOMY" help in this, will "NEW ECONOMY" help in the 21st century?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Taking into account the growing emission of greenhouse gases, the ever-increasing global warming process, growing environmental pollution, reduction of green areas, including natural forest ecosystems etc., the importance of implementing the green economy concept and the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development to economic policies in individual countries is increasing. However, from year to year, there is less and less time to implement the necessary proecological reforms, such as the development of energy based on renewable energy sources, development of electromobility, improvement of recycling techniques, waste segregation, reclamation of degraded environment, economical consumption of clean water and other resources obtained from the earth's crust , implementation of eco-innovations, etc.

In connection with the above, the question arises when these proecological reforms will be implemented?

When the green economy concept and the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development will be fully implemented into economic policy?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Can WECS (West, East, Central and Southern) African SMEs thrive sustainably (in internationalization) and conquer the world instead of just surviving in international business as insignificant participants?

Yes they can, so this is not a “fashionable prophecy”. “All things are possible for those who believe’’ and work towards their vision.

Irene Chimoga posed an important question about how African SMEs can survive in the IB competition. My endless fascination with this subject, however, leads me to move the discussion a bit further from mere survival to thriving. Of course, in evolutionary sense, survival is a necessary condition for thriving or future success. But there are various “grubbier” reasons why most WECS African businesses do not flourish internationally (beyond the survival stage) compared to others who are able to penetrate into the African and other markets with a degree of ease.

These include a complex set of endogenous/exogenous, interrelated hidden-in-plain-sight historical, sociological/institutional, ideological and geopolitical factors. Understanding the causes of this underperformance could save future entrepreneurs from falling into the same old trap. Internationalizing essentially refers to expanding beyond the known shores and scaling up into uncharted territories to create more wealth/value with products and services that resonate with a target market (mostly) after success at home. A firm does not need to operate in the EU, Asia or the US in order to be international. Internationalizing across Africa is also internationalization, and there are many fine examples but that is outside the scope of this conversation.

Offering innovative products, identifying niches (opportunity seeking) and having a backup financial support to respond to contingencies (taking risks), joint ventures and alliance formations are all well-known strategies with more or less global application because they are essentially what constitute international entrepreneurship. However, they do not necessarily define the success or failure of African SMEs that are internationalizing. This is because there are specific issues that African businesses must grapple with at a unique level. These are the factors that determine whether they just survive or actually thrive/win/flourish or beat the competition.

The latter construct (‘survival’) answers a slightly different question while to ‘thrive in success’ seeks to sustainably assemble all socioeconomic, political, creative and intellectual resources in an enabling institutional environment to create novel, unique and superior offerings (that are patentable). The next step is to do exceedingly beyond what other nations have done with their products and services on the world market.

WECS Africa in particular faces quite unique constrains and challenges, and I am afraid some good answers and examples from other continents and countries will still not work perfectly when transposed into the African context for any product or service innovation. This is mainly because of six main issues (simplified below):

(i) The lack of political will to invest massively and aggressively in innovative ventures or create the congenial and supporting socioeconomic, political and techno-scientific institutional environment for homegrown entrepreneurs/talents or diaspora returnees.

(ii) The constant leakages and outflow of natural, human and financial resources from Africa as a result of corruption and capital flight, which could have been used for infrastructural development (especially energy and transport) and innovation via e.g. university-corporate partnerships.

(iii) The unfair trade regulations which mostly favour highly industrialized nations; bilateral and multilateral trade agreements that require WECS Africa to export mostly natural resources undermine diversification. However, exchanging resources for infrastructure is acceptable for the time being.

(iv) The failure of the WECS African educational systems to train specialists instead of generalists as well as the glaring omission of Africa’s medico-techno-scientific geniuses from the literature. How can the youth be inspired?

(v) The complacency with the negative connotations surrounding brand ‘Africa’, as if it were the natural order of things for Africa to be counted first from the bottom, instead of focusing on the countless good innovations Africa has for the world that is ready for Africa. Ignore the pessimists, don’t dignify them.

(vi) Governments are not keeping abreast of the speedily changing times and conditions. Change is visible in Rwanda and Botswana while others buy nice cars instead of building factories.

These points may seem quasi banal and innocuous. However, they are fundamental for our politico-sociological discourse on international entrepreneurship because they require more than one question mark about why they still exist. Surely, Africa will thrive just by reversing the above problems, starting with point No. 1.

Analyses of the current failure in internationalization tied to innovation cannot be conducted ‘ahistorically’. Recognizing this sociological fact will save money and time. Thus, the hierarchy of value of all products and services is encased in a history or what Wherry (2013) calls ‘collective stories’ told about a product’s place of origin, its people and sociopolitical institutions. This partly explains why consumers decide whether or not to buy a product from a particular place. Apart from basic necessities, consumers buy hedonistically, for self-affirmation, status and for pleasure or for a particular need (e.g. health products). Flowers and chocolate from WECS Africa are advertised as “buy this so that a woman in Kenya can take her son to school.” However, that is not how Swiss chocolate is advertised. It is advertised as exclusive. Most rational or emotional consumers do not buy because of solidarity/charity but for quality, price and prestige. So the next big question is: How can WECS African SMEs internationalize outside this paradigm of expectation of false-solidarity-associated-mercantilism with their novel goods and services (innovations)?

I welcome your comments!

I need to study the present management scenario of the wetlands of my area and also to make suggestions regarding their possible sustainable management. Need guidelines about what econometric tool and/or model would be appropriate. Can game theory be useful?

Infrastructure investment is typically publicly funded because it is (mostly) a public good.  This is perhaps even more so for investment in restoration of natural infrastructure (nature-based systems).  But given current constraints on government budgets new approaches are needed besides depending on the public purse.  Would appreciate guidance to any work examining effectiveness of alternative funding models. Thanks in advance.

Isn't any development really aimed at economic growth?

A Green Economy is..

…"one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. It is low carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive" (UNEP, 2011).

Initial Cost (materials, labour, transport)... (addressing affordability)

Ease of use (addressing accessibility)

(I am considering another indicator that addresses user health/comfort in some way, such as indoor air quality, but I think the data would be too time consuming to find. Any suggestions for user health/comfort that are simply to quantify would be helpful).

Please feel free to suggest other performance indicators, bearing in mind this is an undergraduate dissertation and I want to keep things simple due to time and data constraints. IT's more of a 'proof of concept' study.

For me, the interesting question is: To what extent can the use of natural capital and labour stimulate Green Economy growth? This is obviously a much broader question than what I am seeking to do, and even if I tried...I would undoubtedly get nowhere considering the complexities of sustainable economic development.

Nevertheless, I think comparing building materials against Green Economy objectives is helpful to search for improvements to the urban housing situation in developing countries.

Any other comments and advice would obviously be well received.

Thanks

With the rising climate change levels on Earth, some scientists are looking at alternative solutions to accommodate the increasing number of human inhabitants on the planet. One of which is terraforming, wherein a planet in the Solar System is made to simulate Earth-like conditions to ensure the survival of organisms. I’ve learned in our Ecology class that there are plans to terraform Mars in the future. However, it would take thousands of years and trillions of dollars to accomplish. Some concerns include the quality and stability of materials that would be used in this project and the technology available as of this moment. I would then like to ask, besides Mars, is there another planet/moon which is less costly, less risky, and less time-consuming to terraform? In other words, is/are there Earth-like planet/s that are somehow easier to colonise than Mars? I would also like to know if there is a possibility to see even a glimpse of this project come to fruition during our life time.

I am looking for evidence on social development. Although, many researchers including Brundtland Commission Report (1987) defined sustainable development  as development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”, is this definition is only limited to physical aspects of development?

If so what about the social aspects of development? 

Can the social development too sustainable? If so how?

I am working in Galapagos+ biodiversity use alternatives. I found that many of the huges resources (diversity, endemismo , landcape) are lost because of tourism and fishing activities  I think these must be incluided as an economic lost in these sectors.

Dear friends and researchers of RG World (RGen Citizens),

The issue has infinite spatial scale and depth profile as well as multidimential perspectives about how Mother nature bonding with father time has optimized operations, processes, products, tools, techniques and technologies in creating lives, systems and ecosystems. Human being can take inspiration and emulation in optimizing his  operations and activities on his planet Earth and shrink his ecological footprint that can offer promise of human sustainability along with other siblings of mother Earth.

The history of Ghana forest and wildlife policies have recurring challenges that need to be redressed and possible remedial actions to beef up its usefulness in the management of biodiversity.

There are several techniques already utilized by the industry to grow microalgae as Bubble column, air lift, flat panel, Vertical column, tubular bioreactor, and many others. 

So, which one of them is the most suitable to get a sustainable technology as cost-effective and environmental ecofriendly?

How would you define "a sustainable investor"? Is there any publication which deals with this question? What makes an investor sustainable? I am curious about your feedback!

Many construction projects are unique,complex , risky and are heavy capital investment, but also face many failures. Infrastractural development is very critical to the economic growth of developing countries, particularly in Africa.

I need inputs on business plan including how to make the village financially viable to support itself and enable people to stay in the same village using some economic activities. 

Specifically, are income/sales taxes more responsive to economic ups/down than property taxes? I.E., when the economy experiences a downturn, is it legitimate to say that sales/income tax revenue collected by a government would be impacted more quickly than property taxes?

Any sources would also be much appreciated!

is there any improvement in poverty reduction by the help of micro finance? and what further can be contributed to improve the condition.