Surveillance - Science topic

In the famous mantra of McKinsey, ‘what gets measured gets managed’. Drawing on previous work (Pitts 2021, 2022a, 2022b), the point of this chapter is to suggest that what gets measured gets mediated, too, and that labour in an age of ‘digital Taylorism’ is and can be a site where this is worked out. Digital Taylorism is used in the literature to d...

This chapter examines the data privacy challenges posed by AI-driven education and offers strategic solutions to protect student information. The authors explore how AI systems are collecting various types of student data, from test scores to social interactions, and what this means for privacy. Through real-world examples, the authors shed light o...

An Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT) refers to an internetworked group of pervasive devices that coordinate their motion and task execution through frequent status and data exchange. An IoMT could be serving critical applications such as military reconnaissance, security surveillance, etc., and hence the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality o...

This critical review explores the relationship between jus cogens-peremptory norms in international law-and the regulation of privacy and personal freedoms in the context of the internet. Jus cogens norms, such as the prohibition of torture and the right to privacy, are foundational principles that hold universal applicability and cannot be derogat...

Ultra-wideband radar technology (UWB) has demonstrated its vital role through various applications in surveillance, search and rescue, health monitoring, and the military. Unlike conventional radars, UWB radars use high-frequency, wide-bandwidth pulses, enabling long-range detection and penetrating obstacles. This work presents an in-depth review o...

Artificial intelligence has introduced revolutionary and innovative solutions to many complex problems by automating processes or tasks that used to require human power. The limited capabilities of human efforts in real-time monitoring have led to artificial intelligence becoming increasingly popular. Artificial intelligence helps develop the monit...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes. Studies have found that dietary habits and biochemical metabolic changes are closely related to T2DM disease surveillance, but early surveillance tools are not specific and have lower accuracy. This paper aimed to provide a re...

Despite the significant potential that artificial intelligence (AI) holds for transforming academic libraries, various challenges have hindered its widespread adoption and use. As a result, AI integration in academic libraries remains limited, particularly in developed and developing countries. There is a lack of comprehensive reviews that explore...

L’anticipation des ruptures de médicaments et leur gestion à l’hôpital représentent un réel défi et nécessitent des solutions innovantes. Actuellement, il n’existe pas d’outil adapté pour surveiller et anticiper ces ruptures de manière proactive. Cette étude vise à développer un tel outil et à évaluer son impact sur la gestion des ruptures de médic...

JAK inhibitors are pivotal in treating immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. However, emerging safety concerns warrant careful evaluation. A recent analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) revealed that RA patients using JAK inhibitors face nearly double the ri...

The rising use of diagnostic imaging has led to an increase in the incidental detection of pancreatic cysts, with reported incidences of 1.2–2.6% on Computed Tomography and 2.4–49.1% on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. While many of these cysts are asymptomatic and benign, the enhanced imaging techniques have also revealed malignant and premalignant les...

Convenience is the feeling and aspiration that animates our platformed present. As such, it poses urgent techno-political questions about the everyday digital habitus. From next-day delivery, gig work, and tele-health to cashless payment systems, data centers, and policing convenience is an affordance and an enclosure; our logistical surround. Driv...

Deep learning has revolutionized real-time image recognition by enabling rapid and highly accurate image analysis across various domains. This paper explores cutting-edge deep learning architectures, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Residual Networks (ResNets), and Transformer-based models, highlighting their advancements and applica...

The globally circulating policy discourse 'international students are ideal immigrants' merges three policy arenas: economic immigration, higher education, and international student mobility. This is part of a relatively new edugration (education + immigration) policy context in which international students transition to permanent residency status...

This article presents a Visual Servoing Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme for autonomously tracking a moving target using multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The scheme is developed for surveillance and tracking of contour-based areas with evolving features. NMPC is used to manage input and state constraints, while additional...

Despite advances in imaging modalities, as well as improved surveillance, many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) present with advanced disease characterized by large tumours and concomitant portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT). Without treatment, this population of patients with HCC and PVTT have a median survival of only 2.7 to 4 months (...

Unusual crowd analysis is an important problem in surveillance video due to their features cannot be extracted efficiently on the crowd scenes. To overcome this challenge, this paper introduced the appearance and motion based unusual events detection method by using multiple moving objects. This method includes appearance and motion based computati...

Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease of the respiratory tract that can be prevented by vaccination. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine coverage rate for the third dose of a DPT-containing vaccine was 86%, with large disparities among countries. Since 2022, many high-income countries have reported a resurgence of pertussis, espe...

Background and study aims Because more than a few patients have intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) with mural nodules (MNs) that are benign, clinical plans should be determined by using histocytological specimens especially, for patients with high risk for surgery or with a small MN. Patients and methods This study in...

Background Tracking the emergence, introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are essential for informing public health strategies. In 2021, Cambodia faced two major epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 triggered by the successive rise of the Alpha and Delta variants. Methods Phylodynamic analysis of 1,163 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from C...

Purpose of Review Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy in adults, accounting for nearly 90% of adult renal tumors. Pediatric RCC has a unique genomic profile and clinical behavior distinct from adult RCC. About 50% of pediatric renal cell carcinomas involve translocation of chromosomal foci which are biologically different...

Background and study aims Long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. Both dye-based chromoendoscopy (DCE) and virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) increase detection of neoplastic lesions. In this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we compared the neoplasia detection rate betw...

Background With shared modes of transmission and clinical symptoms the convergence of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) might lead to reduced diagnosis and detection of TB, which is challenging for healthcare systems already strained by the pandemic's reach. Methods This ecological study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB surveill...

This paper introduces a heuristic approach to address the operational challenges of task allocation and path planning of multiple tethered underwater robot (TUR) systems while ensuring tether entanglement avoidance. Multiple TUR systems, benefiting from bottomless power and stable communication via tethers, hold significant potential for various ap...

Studies on the individuation of surface and buried faults in seismic areas using geochemical methods can be considered a valid approach for improving sustainability in the risk assessment framework. Appropriate scientific knowledge of structural geology and its evolution pre/during/post seismic events can play a fundamental role in human safety and...

This book is about Fisheries Management and has been developed within the framework of angling in Spain, in compliance with legal regulations at the state and regional level, within a panorama of heterogeneity, which is increasingly allowing private participation in the management of the fishing exploitation of our rivers. The analysis we have car...

Contemporary celebrity culture embodies a dissonant tension between a want to end the concept of “the closet” and the social demand to “come out” and a hypervigilant culture of digital surveillance via social media that looks for traces of out-ness. Such that during a recent red carpet interview Billie Eilish describes how she did come out, need no...

This study presents surveillance data from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2023 for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) notified in the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA) and describes the region’s changing CA-MRSA epidemiology over this period. A subset of CA-MRSA notifications from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2015...

This chapter explores in a critical way the urbanized world. Cities have become the new battlegrounds characterized by the ubiquity of surveillance technological systems and insertion into a telematic topology. Everyday experiences, flows, and practices are mapped, governed, and reordered by the proliferation of digital and communication technologi...

Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS) has been used to identify patients at risk for cancer-therapy related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). However, there is limited data on the effectiveness of initiating cardioprotective therapy based on a strain-guided strategy in early stage HER2+ breast cancer patients. This randomized clinical trial assess...

The Zero-Inflated Conway-Maxwell Poisson Regression Model (ZICPRM) is developed specifically for overdispersed, underdispersed, and excessive zeros in the count data. The ZICMPRM is estimated by the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). The estimation through MLE can be affected by the presence of multicollinearity among regressors. Hence, the Liu es...

Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly prevalent and contagious disease, particularly in children under five years old. Its transmission route resembles that of COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented to curb viral spread, which may have concurrently reduced HFMD incidenc...

Objectives Examine the association of asthma, COPD, and Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) on rates of lung cancer screening. Methods 2022 Behavior and Risk Factors Surveillance Survey was used for cross-sectional analysis of self-reported lung cancer screening prevalence in those with COPD, asthma, and ACO, with stratification by smoking status. Multivari...

We investigated the intra-hospital distribution of C. difficile strains by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates collected in 2022 at the University Hospital Centre (UHC) Zagreb. In total, 103 patients with first-episode CDI in 2022 at UHC Zagreb were included, based on the screening stool antigen test for GDH (RidaQuick CD GDH; R-Biopharm AG,...

In a time where women's safety is concerned, there is this recommendation of having a total system of security for women with a deep learning technique, helping increase hazard detection and personal protection that uses powerful algorithms of computer vision along with machine learning models suggested system monitors the identification of a threa...

Human‐derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anticancer drug entities. Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin, such as patient‐derived or cell line–derived xenograft tumors, is dependent on immunodeficient strains. Tumor‐bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to developing unwanted disorders pri...

As influenza A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b continues to spread from wild birds to poultry and to both terrestrial and marine mammals, the recent cases in cattle highlight the critical importance of being prepared for and responding rapidly to spillover events and of planning for early detection and response at the country level, especially in countries...

Background: Surgical resection for ampullary lesions lacks clear guidelines. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard treatment for malignant ampullary tumors but is often excessive for ampullary adenomas (AAs) due to its high morbidity and mortality. Transduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) is generally reserved for small benign lesions where endoscop...

This article examines the problem of human security as a factor in sustainable security in post-war Armenia. In post-war Armenia, the scope of global responsibility of small states is expanding, and sustainable security and sustainable development are becoming the basis of the discourse on the problems of the future of the South Caucasus and the ob...

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious and have significant clinical implications in the pediatric population. In the present study, we employed a combination of long-read sequencing and short-read sequencing to accurately reconstruct 32 genomes of HAdVs. The phylogenetic analyses based on the whole genome and genes revealed distinct sub-...

Object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision, widely used in fields such as autonomous driving, security surveillance, medical imaging, and drone image analysis. With the continuous advancement of technology, object detection algorithms have evolved from traditional methods to deep learning approaches. This paper categorizes object det...

Background/Objectives: Endotoxin, a component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacteria, disrupts the immune system, potentially leading to multiorgan failure. Unlike previous studies, we enrolled patients with mild clinical conditions after major abdominal surgery and assessed the predictive value of endotoxin activity (EA) levels for acute compli...

Within the framework of climate change, droughts and flooding have significant societal and environmental ramifications, which prompts research into management strategies, associated risks, and resulting crises. This study aims to demonstrate the historical occurrence of droughts and inondations and their effects on agriculture and the environment....

High performance infrared imaging devices have extensive applications in environmental monitoring, surveillance, and national defense. Pixelless upconversion imaging devices offer promising potential for large-format infrared imaging. In this work, we propose a pixelless upconversion imaging device enhanced by a microsphere (MS) structure. Fabricat...

We focus specifically on the rare occurrence of cardiac thrombi in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). LFS is a hereditary risk to a diverse range of specific, uncommon, malignancies. Children and young adults have a heightened susceptibility to many malignancies, particularly soft-tissue and bone tumors, breast malignancies, central nervous system maligna...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) presents with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including an increased risk of tumor development and hypertension. Comprehensive data on genotype‒phenotype correlations in patients with NF1 are limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the detailed genetic and clinical characteristics of NF1...

Accurate detection and tracking of small objects such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorbikes are critical for traffic surveillance systems, which are crucial in improving road safety and decision-making in intelligent transportation systems. However, traditional methods struggle with challenges such as occlusion, low resolution, and dynamic traff...

Purpose To assess active surveillance (AS) adherence for prostate cancer (PCa) in a “real-world” clinical practice. Materials and methods We utilized our institutional database which was built by interrogating electronic medical records for all men who got diagnosed with PCa from 1995 to 2022. Our cohort included all patients aged < 76 years, with...

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic in western and Central Africa, and in May 2022, a clade IIb lineage (B.1) caused a global outbreak outside Africa, resulting in its detection in 116 countries and territories. To understand the global phylogenetics of MPXV, we analyzed all available MPXV sequences, including 10,670 sequences from 65 countries colle...

Cyber-attacks pose a security threat to military command and control networks, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems, and civilian critical national infrastructure. The use of artificial intelligence and autonomous agents in these attacks increases the scale, range, and complexity of this threat and the subsequent disruption...

La neurochirurgie en Algérie se trouve à un carrefour crucial : d'une part, elle est un élément essentiel du système de santé, confrontée à une prévalence croissante des pathologies neurochirurgicales ; d'autre part, elle a un impact économique notable. Dans ce contexte, l'évaluation médico-économique des services de neurochirurgie revêt une import...

The Nazi regime meticulously crafted a hierarchical structure that merged military efficiency with ideological dominance, embedding its authoritarian vision into every facet of governance and command. Central to this system were titles incorporating the terms "Führer" (leader) and "Über" (superior), which symbolized authority, control, and superior...

Background Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience depressive symptoms such as anhedonia as well as cognitive dysfunction which can subsequently impair their work performance. Purpose To assess the effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in working patients with MDD in South Korea. Patients and Methods This was a subgroup analys...

Optimizing and understanding vision systems' computational accuracy is crucial as they become increasingly integrated into daily life. Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) lead computer vision technology with efficient object recognition and image processing. However, DVS data's high computational complexity poses a problem f...

Audio classification plays a vital role in diverse fields such as communication, medical diagnostics, and forensic analysis, where accurate and reliable processing of audio signals is critical. This study presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-Attention framework designed to enhance performance and robustness in audio classification, address...

Background In Kazakhstan the pediatric population levels of obesity based on fat mass (FM) assessment are currently unknown. The present work aimed to assess average childhood FM levels and the prevalence of high levels of adiposity (based upon FM levels). Methods Cross‐sectional data from 2015 to 2020 nationally representative Childhood obesity s...

Disease surveillance remains important for early detection of new COVID-19 variants. For this purpose, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integrating of COVID-19 surveillance with other respiratory diseases. This requires knowledge of areas with elevated risk, which in developing countries is lacking from the routine analyses. Focusing...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important swine pathogen that has caused considerable economic losses in the global swine industry. During our surveillance of pigs in Shandong, China, from 2018 to 2020, we found that the PCV2 infection rate was 7.89% (86/1090). In addition, we found frequent mixed infections of PCV2 with porcine reproductive...

In 2024, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is facing an unprecedented mpox outbreak. Cases are caused by MPXV Clade I across the country. But a new variant, Clade Ib, emerged in eastern provinces and spread to neighboring countries. This paper provides an extensive overview of priorities to consider for future actions in mpox response. Dia...

During the 33rd Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) football tournament in Cameroon, organizers and health authorities required a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result <48 hours before entry and provided free SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination at stadium and fan zone entrances. We describe the outcomes and implementation of mandatory SARS-CoV-2 testing at fan...

The advanced emerging technologies such as Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in the domain of power systems surveillance accost newly imminent threats due to the malfunctioning of PMUs, cyber-attacks, switching events, faults, and unobservability in PMUs measurement causes missing values and outliers in the PMU measured signal which abruptly hampers...

Recent advancements in autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), such as aerial drones, ground vehicles, and quadrupedal robots, have significantly impacted the fields of infrastructure inspection, emergency response, and surveillance. Many of these settings contain multiple moving elements usually neglected in the planning process. While a large body of wo...

Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been recognized globally as an important public health problem. Effective road safety initiatives should address the traffic system as a whole to find a solution and look at the traffic system as a collective to discuss interactions between vehicles, road users and road infrastructure. Therefore, epidemi...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly popular and widely used across various sectors, including industry, academia, and the military (Mohsan, Khan, Noor, Ullah & Alsharif, 2022). They play a crucial role in global defense, particularly in hostile environments, as they typically require fewer personnel for operations and maintenance than...

The high risk of traffic accidents on highways caused by low visibility makes it vital for accurate visibility estimation. As an effective and low-cost solution, image-based visibility estimation has achieved great progress. However, most existing methods simply regress the visibility from a single image, while their predictions suffer from signifi...

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are cystic dilations of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. Around 80% of CCs are diagnosed within the first decade of life. These complex clinical entities are extremely rare, especially in the Western population. CCs are frequently classified according to the Todani classification. CCs may be asymptomatic or prese...