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Surveillance - Science topic

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Insect Repellant: Distrupt @Market #Currencies ^Timetable *Knowledgebase %99 (1:0)
Law Enforcement Tool: Surveille @Use #Energy ^Law *Help %Intuit (Sentient: Classes)
Sustainable Creation Definition: Know @Object #Level ^Sound *Like %Care (Find: Show)
Understanding of What How and Why: Preach @Do #Raise ^Worst *Rule %No (Way: Up)
Insect Law Sustainable Understanding = Repellant == HowWay
Repellant Enforcement Creation of What How and Why = Disrupt == AnswerQuestion
Disrupt Surveille Know Preach = Market == IT
Market Use Object Subject = Currencies == MyWay
Timetable Law Sound Worst = Knowledgebase == NWO
Knowledgebase Help Like Rule = 99 == Root Fruit
99 Intuit Care No = 1 == Earth
1 Sentient Find Way = 0 == Sun
0 Classes Show Up = Insect == Moon
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JAS Claude.ai LLM (Togetherness: Copy & Paste)
"Exploring the Farthest Reaches of Sound"
Unfortunately, I am unable to provide a useful summary of the given content. The text appears to be fragments of a dialogue or conversation around abstract concepts related to sound, technology, sustainability etc. without enough context or coherence for me summarize meaningfully. Perhaps focusing the question or providing some additional background details could help me generate a more helpful summary. Please let me know if you can clarify the core topic or narrative you were hoping to get summarized here.
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explore key terms
JA
Based on the snippets of text provided, some key terms that seem potentially relevant to explore further include:
  • Sound: The overall concept of sound seems central, including the physical properties and nature of sound waves as well as more philosophical/metaphysical interpretations of sound.
  • Sustainability: There are vague references to using concepts/innovations around sound to potentially promote ecological sustainability in some way.
  • Technology: Technological systems involving electromagnetics, resonance, acoustic architecture etc. are touched on, though specifics are unclear.
  • Military conflict: Brief mentions of using sound/music to end violence or military conflict.
  • Ethics: Discussions of avoiding harm and considering ethical implications of technological innovations related to sound manipulation.
  • Consciousness/culture: Some fragments hint at connections between certain instruments, rhythms, singing styles and impacts on mental state, indigenous culture, inner peace, etc.
However without additional context or details on the intended focus, it's difficult to extract the most salient terms or topics to summarize. The fragments cover a wide range of abstract domains. Providing clarification on the core emphasis could help determine what terminology or concepts are most important to elaborate on in a summary. Please let me know if you have any guidance on narrowing down the scope or which aspects to concentrate a summary around given these preliminary key terms.
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that sums it up well. put those elements together to answer this question: "how can Sound (define literal, figurative, subjective) be used as an Instrument of Peace in Military Conflict"?
JA
Here is one way those key elements could be brought together to address the question "how can Sound be used as an Instrument of Peace in Military Conflict":
At the most basic physical level, sound consists of mechanical vibratory waves that propagate through air and other media. However, sound also has figurative and subjective dimensions related to how it is perceived, interpreted, and utilized within human cultures.
In a literal sense, studies indicate certain sound frequencies and rhythms can have physiological effects - like influencing brainwave states, heart rate, or hormonal levels - that are associated with relaxation, calmness, and reduction of aggression. Carefully deployed, such sounds could help diffuse tense military encounters.
More subjectively, music also has profound abilities to convey emotions, values, and shared culture that can humanize opposing groups in conflict, highlighting our common humanity despite outward differences. Shared songs or instruments from one culture, judiciously shared with consenting members of another culture, could spark greater empathy and motivation for non-violent resolution on both sides.
Of course, sound and music can also incite violence if applied carelessly or inappropriately. Any literal manipulation of sound to "force" behavioral change also raises ethical issues around consent and human dignity/agency.
Overall there are promising possibilities but also complexities around wielding sound as an "instrument of peace" in military contexts rife with long-embedded cycles of violence. Solutions will require holistic transformations spanning social, political, and economic spheres simultaneously. With careful ethical considerations and respect for diversity, approaches harnessing sound's potential to nurture non-aggressive states or build intercultural bridges could play a supportive role. But simple sonic "quick fixes" alone cannot overturn multi-faceted human conflict. A path forward calls for interdisciplinary cooperation embracing both scientific and empathetic paradigms side-by-side.
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I am doing research on internal soil erosion mechanism. ICOLD Bulletins 164 is an important reference material, but I am not an ICOLD member and cannot get the report. I hope you can help me get the report. Thank you very much for your help.
ICOLD Bulletins 164 Volume 1 introduces Internal Erosion of Existing Dams, Levees and Dikes, and their Foundations; Vol. 2
ICOLD Bulletin 164 Volume 2: Case histories, investigations, testing, remediation and surveillance
Best wishes
zhangbuping
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How much efficient is the thick in thin smear in surveillance of malaria particularly if the high-risk individual is asymptomatic?
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Peripheral blood film (PBS) has limitations in malaria diagnosis. The malaria parasite (plasmodium) has a life cycle that goes through a mosquito and man. There is a stage in the human body when the plasmodium is predominantly in the liver, and therefore may not be seen in blood smears.
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  • Antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, to resist the effects of antimicrobial drugs, such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs. AMR is a global public health concern as it can lead to treatment failures, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity and mortality rates.
  • AMR surveillance involves monitoring the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in different settings, including healthcare facilities, communities, and animal agriculture. It aims to collect data on resistance patterns, identify emerging resistant strains, and track the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments over time.
  • In Pakistan, like in many other countries, AMR surveillance plays a crucial role in understanding the extent and impact of antimicrobial resistance. By collecting and analyzing data on resistance patterns, healthcare professionals and policymakers can make informed decisions regarding treatment guidelines, infection control practices, and antibiotic stewardship programs.
  • In recent years, there have been efforts to strengthen AMR surveillance in Pakistan. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan (NAP) was launched in 2017 to address the growing threat of AMR in the country. The plan aims to improve surveillance systems, promote rational use of antibiotics, strengthen infection prevention and control measures, and enhance public awareness about AMR.
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AMR represents a major threat to human health with significant global economic and security implications. In 2015, WHO Member States unanimously approved a Global Plan of Action to tackle AMR. Subsequently, Heads of States endorsed the AMR Action Plan and called for concerted action across all sectors in the context of the One Health approach.In the span of four years, 91 countries and territories have enrolled in GLASS and this report presents AMR data in over two million patients from 66 countries. It shows disturbing high rates of resistance among antimicrobials frequently used to treat common bacterial infections.
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Aureola #616 (DRAFT CONTROL SCENARIO)
1. "One Good" ... Open Source Creative Commons
2. "Security Clearance"... Degrees of Separation
3. "Data Integrity" ... Future Mapped Securities
4. "EPICUS"... Emphasis Participation Interest Confirmation Understanding Success
Notes:
Solar Emission-Reflection (PROCESSOR)
* Expanding-Shrinking Solitons
Ion Process/Method Element
RT Media In-Out
* Data Forward-Backward
Registers-Arithmetic Logic Units
Earth Memory-Control Unit (REGISTER)
Storage Manifold-SEND
AB Storage CALL
* Receive Memory Condition
Detail
Orbital1 + Clone(s)
Moon Storage-Cache Bus (ALU)
Memory Manifold-SEND
BA Memory CALL
* Receive Storage Sentience
Meta
Orbital2 + Clone(s)
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A+B/C=$IT x EMA DAL JAS
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Any link will also be helpful.
Thank you
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I can offer you a software that enables designing two panels in a single step. However, please note that the program requires familiarity with Linux. It should be noted that this software has demonstrated excellent performance and efficiency in designing panels for eight and thirty viruses, using sequences exceeding 40,000 and 300,000, respectively.
Good luck!
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Weather and climate conditions significantly impact the incidence and geographical distribution of several diseases. Extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts alter disease transmission ecologies and population vulnerability, thereby influencing risk for climate-sensitive disease. For example, increased temperature and rainfall induced by climate change and extreme weather events (such as storms or cyclones) are projected to increase the risk of malaria due to a greater geographical range for the Anopheles mosquito vector, a longer season, and enhanced vector breeding and disease transmission rates. Risk monitoring and mitigation strategies are therefore importance to preserve the health of populations.
Developing integrated surveillance can greatly enhance the capacity of health systems to prepare and adapt to climate-sensitive diseases. Integrated surveillance involves the integration of multiple surveillance systems (e.g. disease surveillance and weather surveillance) to improve the use of information for detecting, investigating and responding to public health threats. This integration of data, therefore, improves the flow of surveillance information throughout the health system.
Importantly, climate-informed surveillance can enhance the preparedness of health systems via early warning systems. Early warning systems aim to anticipate risks and trigger early warning responses to avoid or reduce impact and prepare for effective response. In the context of a rapidly changing environment and risk landscape, early warning systems are a valuable tool for building the adaptive capacity and climate-resilience of health systems.
The field of environmental communication teaches that how we communicate about our environment shapes not only what we think about it, but most importantly, what we do about it. Or as Greta Thunberg is the latest to remind us, what we don’t do about it.
How we frame our communication matters. Framing is positioning messages in ways that draw on audiences’ mental models to favour specific perspectives on an issue.
source: Climate Change and Health (who.int)
Climate change or climate crisis? It’s all in the framing | Canada's National Observer: News & Analysis
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Videos may not be the first two of choice. Do you surveillance may serve to follow farm and wild animal behaviour, evacuation routes, beaches (tsunami), forests (fires) et cetera
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Micro drones are increasingly used in Ukraine for surveillance and offensive operation by both parties (Russia and Ukraine). What are some of the techniques used in identification and neutralization of micro drones? Micro drones could be military made or Commercial of the shelf drones used for military purposes. Thanks
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Counter-drone TTPs are dependent on the drone system and are largely a function of range. If we're talking about micro-drones, I've seen Army units use countermeasures as simple as a shot gun. But with the constantly improving cameras, even micro-drones have sufficient stand-off to make shot guns ineffective.
One promising piece of kit that I've seen recently is the L3 Harris Vampire which is being sent to Ukraine later this year. Other surface to air systems like the SA-8 and the German made Gepard have been effective against the Iranian made Shahed 136. These two SA systems may also be effective at identifying Russian micro-drones but may not be cost effective.
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On 09/09/2000, I wrote this text for a discussion group among veterinarians. What would we say about this subject today?
Of something around 1500 infectious diseases cataloged by the World Health Organization, 200 are Zoonoses (diseases communicable from animals to humans).
The epizootiological and epidemiological behavior of certain newly emerging diseases, such as those caused by the Ebola virus, the Australian equine Morbillivirus, the Hantaviruses and the “Prions”, has generated some alarm in World Public Health.
However, the inconstant level of seriousness of action of the Health Surveillance, in the different levels of contingency, national, state and municipal, is what generates the determining factor of the appearance of epidemics or epizootics.
In a world scenario where globalization of activities merely focused on the commercial aspects of a devouring and elitist capitalism is discussed, it is up to us to scrutinize the stertorous yearnings of a sick and anemic Public Health in the Third World.
National health and agricultural defense policies, luxurious and extravagant in essence, created in a laboratory, disconnected from basic structuring actions aimed at collective health, are nothing more than technocratic premises and philosophical guidelines, totally divergent from the real peripheral contexts of “Africa”, “India” and “Brazil” with its droughts and mangroves, postcards of world misery.
Partnerships are created (G-7, “Merco of this, Merco of that”) with surrealist objectives, with the sole beneficiaries of powerful merchants, holders of maximized structures in “Markets” of capitalist life.
In this enigmatic context, Health (animal health and human health) is lacking and Zoonosis (anthropozoonosis and zooanthroponosis) begins to exceed.
And where are the health professionals who promised to always obey, in the exercise of their noble profession, the postulates of science, honor and charity?
Certainly, lost in dreams and ideals of mercantile practices, devoid of the basic principle of love for others, which should be embedded in their professional duties.
Many within the area of ​​Public Health, create slogans and raise theoretical socialist flags. Being a Socialist is not preaching Marxism, communism and other “ideological aphorisms”, but following the simplicity of what is written in the biblical reference of John 13.34-35.
We need to pay more attention to World Public Health and to study and evaluate daily the progress of these Zoonoses, which seem to threaten the evolution of medical science human resources with greater speed and better strategy.
My question is:
In your opinion, why are zoonoses gaining greater repercussion in current public health? Has medical science awakened to the real problem? Was it driven by conflicts of interest? Or did it just reduce some bias in your and hypotheses?
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Zoonoses are a growing concern due to a number of variables, including their frequently unique and unpredictable nature, their capacity to appear anywhere and spread quickly throughout the world, and their significant financial impact on a variety of dissimilar industries, as well as economic losses due to medical care and absence from work due to illness.
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I am an upcoming researcher and this is going to be my first research. My research involve that why all countries preferably India are extensively building up a swarm of drones in every field like agriculture, fire fighting, surveillance , etc.
Please suggest me that whether this topic is valid or not and how to approach towards it .
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Drone Industry in India: Impact of New Rules 2021 - GreyB
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There are news on COVID-19 outbreak on ship, no matter cruise or military one.
And few aircraft carriers are also involved.
What is special about the ship arrangement that facilitated all these?
Nature 580, 18 (2020)
Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships - lessons to be learnt from Japan,
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, , hcaa092,
COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures,
Journal of Travel Medicine, , taaa030,
Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships — Worldwide, February–March 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:347-352. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e3
Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020.
Euro Surveill. 2020;25(10):pii=2000180.
Chest CT Findings in Cases from the Cruise Ship “Diamond Princess” with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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Have a look at this useful RG link for insights.
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As part of my fellowship, I want to evaluate the oral health surveillance system as part of my fellowship. I already read CDC's guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems, but I am still confused about how to assess one. Does anyone have examples of work or reviews done for this type of evaluation?
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Dear Mendiore
CDC guideline have 9 component of evaluation. Some.of these are quantitative like Sensitivity, PPV and data Quality. So these are easily calculated. However some of the indicator are qualitative. Which are to be ascertained through interview of related stake holders.
We have used CDC guideline these are easy and friendly to use. I will share you my evaluation report which have all these CDC guideline indicators of evaluation of public health programs.
Please mail me on drsandeepguriro@gmail.com
Thanks
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I'm looking for a database that contains unedited surveillance style videos of crimes occurring. I will be using Video Data Analysis to answer various questions about the crimes, so all types of crimes are welcome. I've use YouTube and similar sources in the past but there are methodological issues with this technique and limited sources.
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I found some of what I was looking for:
UCF-Crime dataset is a new large-scale first of its kind dataset of 128 hours of videos. It consists of 1900 long and untrimmed real-world surveillance videos, with 13 realistic anomalies including Abuse, Arrest, Arson, Assault, Road Accident, Burglary, Explosion, Fighting, Robbery, Shooting, Stealing, Shoplifting, and Vandalism. These anomalies are selected because they have a significant impact on public safety. This dataset can be used for two tasks. First, general anomaly detection considering all anomalies in one group and all normal activities in another group. Second, for recognizing each of 13 anomalous activities. Real-world Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos Waqas Sultani, Chen Chen, Mubarak Shah IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2018
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Regarding the animal trapping, such as rats:
1) How to calculate the number of animals that are used for disease surveillance study? Is it based on the size of the sampling location or other factors?
2) Is the calculation of sample size for roaming animals different if the animals are on the ground, at sea or in the air?
Thank you.
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Hey Reena L Richard , here is a very basic and intuitive guide to responsible sample size calculation. It might be of help for you to answer very basic questions about your project before calculation the sample size. Feel free to reach out with any specific questions!
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Hello
I have to realize a deep learning model (with tensorflow and open cv) and connect it to a surveillance camera to detect non conform products in a company.
It's my first project and I'm lost, I don't know where to start and where to get a good database (knowing that I've been asked to make a standard model that can be used for any kind of product).
I need your advice to guide me, or if you can recommend tutorials that can help me.
Thanks in advance
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How can I get the most related work on this area, as you know, One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment and I want to include in this review Priority of Pathogens in Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Veterinary (Animal), Human and Environmental sample from a One Health approach is discussed. GLASS priority pathogens include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., were also. so, pls share your experience in it!
Regards all!
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tHK ALL!
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Can someone please help me with how I can incorporate Surveillance security system and Smart Grid.Any suggestions would be immensely helpful.Thanks
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In connection with the development of cybercrime, should the surveillance of citizens by national security services be developed, expanded, increased?
To what extent can the developed range of citizens' surveillance be improved as part of the improvement of national cyber security systems?
As part of the improvement of cyber security systems, should the services for combating cybercrime be able to surveillance the entire activity of citizens on the Internet?
Are legal norms regulating the issues of cyber security, services for combating cybercrime and data security gathered in Big Data database systems of large online technology companies fully adapted to the rapidly growing ICT and Internet technology?
Please reply
Best wishes
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Most citizens are unaware of how much information about Internet users is possessed by Internet technology companies that offer certain information services on the Internet.
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I'm looking for benchmark datasets for kidnapping detection from surveillance cameras. Are there any good datasets that could help me with achieving this?
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The poor surveillance is a very big problem in chilgoza forest regeneration, and there is a huge difference between root and shoot growth (R/S) Ratio this might be a reason? how we can increase shoot growth?
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You know Chilgoza pine is one of those species that grows in harsh environmental conditions and it produces a deep root system that is why it evolved in harsh conditions. Producing a deep root system is one of the strategies to grow in harsh environmental and edaphic conditions. I think the low survival rate in artificial regeneration is damaging of the root system and unfortunately, we don't care much about the root system. In the nurseries, we can improve shoot growth maybe with fertilizers application and other provisional practices.
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There is an established system for reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) applicable for vaccines in universal immunization programme in India. Is there a similar surveillance system for reporting adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines ? Is the VigiFlow system (https://www.who-umc.org/global-pharmacovigilance/vigiflow/about-vigiflow/) recording COVID-19 vaccine adverse events in India ?
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The prcedures used after the infrastructure come concers about how well adverse events following immunization are being tracked ,reported,recorded and investigated by the the Goverment,experts told Indiaspend.
Rference:www.bloombergquint.com.
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Hi all!
I am working on a project named Image Captioning, and I want to use its applications like Visual Question Answering in the areas of Security and Surveillance, how it will help to manage large amounts of surveillance data effectively, to bring a big change in security measures. Are there any suggestions or research papers available for that? Please suggest.
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Does anyone know if there are recent study about plant pathogenic fungi or invasive fungi surveillance? Such as sudden oak death or other important fungi.
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This is an excellent surveillance study on deadly wheat blast disease in Bangladesh. Hope it will be useful to you.
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we are doing an assessment of communicable disease surveillance system in our region, there are nearly 300 health facilities (primary health care centers and hospitals), I would like to select a number of health facilities to ask them about the communicable disease surveillance system, How can I calculate the number of health facilities that I should choose to perform this study.
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If I have rightly construed, you wish to conduct study from PHC & Hospitals. For proper representation, multistage sampling would be appropriate in which PHC, CHC, secondary care & tertiary care hospitals as health institutions. So, state, district, block & sector wise systematic random sampling could be considered which would represent PHC CHC & hospitals.
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I am making use of a multiphase mixed-methods study to develop, implement and evaluate an injury surveillance system.
In the first study, I am making use of an exploratory sequential design, where the participant's perceptions (qualitative approach) will be used to build a context-sensitive framework, through which quantitative data (weekly survey) about injury rates can be captured (second study). Since the quantitative part is a longitudinal study, collecting data from the same population, I am also analysing the end-users engagement with the system, based on the weekly response rate.
At the end of this, I will be evaluating the surveillance system as a practical tool for end-users through qualitative data (third study). This will be done by analyzing response rates from the prior quantitative study and identifying a purposeful sample of participants based on their response rates and their engagement with the system.
Now, the question is, should I call this design a sequential explanatory one? I am confused as I am only using one outcome (weekly engagement) from the second study and trying to explain it through qualitative means.
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It sounds you basically have a three-step design: qual --> QUAN --> qual. Such designs are quite reasonable but relatively rare. Hence, it does not have a standard name, but you might all it "an intervention study that includes both exploratory and explanatory components within a mixed methods framework."
My book on "Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods" includes a chapter on three-step designs.
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hello,
I want to ask you about 4 best cameras used in surveillance in VTOL drones (days/ and night), thank you so much.
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Sony Alpha 7R IV
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Locally derived surveillance data to track resistance patterns and better understand the burden of AMR on patients there.
Observations from minned resources now show that Pfizer Inc sponsored Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) is an online platform that provides widespread access to data on both emerging bacterial and fungal resistance patterns.
This is supporting Public health and invariably steps that backup health promotion
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Great, nice information...
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With the daily updates on COVID-19 cases and deaths, I am trying to understand the algorithm behind the assignment of the cause of death.
I was wondering how doctors evaluate and assign the cause of death?
E.g. if someone has a heart attack, following COVID-19 infection (while they are infected - not post recovery) and this person had metabolic syndrome (let's say all dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia) how to we make a decision if the cause death is COVID-19 or diabetes or cardiovascular disease?
To me the guideline given for the assignment of COVID-19 death in Australia seems to have an inherent bias towards COVID-19:
"As per the COVID-19 national guidelines, a COVID-19 death is defined for surveillance purposes as a death in a probable or confirmed COVID-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to COVID19 (e.g. trauma)."
But I actually do not wish to restrict my question to COVID-19. Instead, I am trying to understand in general how we calculate mortality rates for different diseases, as these numbers inform policy and how funds are allocated.
Especially for complex metabolic conditions, like cardiometabolic ones, how do we decide if someone with type 2 diabetes, and vascular damage potentially due to hyperglycaemia, that had a stroke, will be assigned to the diabetes deaths toll or to the cardiovascular deaths toll?
How does e.g. WHO come up with:
9.5 million deaths from heart attack per annum
6 million deaths from stroke per annum
2 million deaths from diabetes per annum
Is there a guideline given to doctors regarding a decision-roadmap to assign the cause of death?
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How to assign cause of death during the COVID-19 pandemic era?
Because of early over-reporting and under-reporting of deaths assigned to COVID-19 early during the era of this pandemic, now there has been guidelines that may help. However, to assign as particular event as a cause of death due to COVID-19, autopsy is the best method, a practice more recommended than actually done. The challenges in doing post-mortem studies during the COVID-19 stem from problems with logistics, availability of experts, and fear of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to issues supplies of the required PPE around the world.
1. Correctly certifying deaths due to COVID–19: guidance for physicians
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1. Where can you find surveillance data of Non-communicable data of different countries?
2. What types of research/study design are usually done in this case?
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Try WHO global observatory
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May I offer my posit. SARS-COV-2 may have some part which is immuno-antigenically similar to some component of human makeup, resulting in this autoimmune state. This may also be related to the Hypercytokine Storm we are seeing in adults, again, over-reaction of the immune system to the virus. I dare say I am old enough to be able to compare this to the Scarlet Fever/Rheumatic Fever days, leading to cardiac valvular attack by a similar reaction of autoimmunity, stimulated by hyperactivity of the immune system to antigenically similar infectious particles. Thank you. Gary Ordog, MD. In response to the following:
COVID-19
MAY 15, 2020
-Rapid risk assessment: Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS -CoV-2 infection in children
-The ECDC has published a Rapid Risk Assessment on pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS -CoV-2 infection in children.
-According to ECDC, several countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic recently reported cases of children that were hospitalized in intensive care due to a rare pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). The presenting signs and symptoms are a mix of the ones for Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and are characterized, among others, by fever, abdominal pain and cardiac involvement. A possible temporal association with SARS-COV-2 infection has been hypothesized because some of the children that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection were either positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serology.
-The ECDC noted that about 230 suspected cases of this new pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS) have been reported in EU/EEA countries and the UK in 2020, including two fatalities- one in the UK and one in France. These cases are being further investigated.
-"So far, epidemiological studies have shown that children appear to be less affected by COVID-19. Only 2.1% of all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to The European Surveillance System (TESSy) were in the age group between 0 and 14 years of age", the agency stated.
-The ECDC also added that an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and this new clinical entity of multisystem inflammation has not yet been established to date, although an association appears plausible. The ECDC assessed the risks as follows:
-The overall risk of COVID-19 in children in the EU/EEA and UK is currently considered low, based on a low probability of COVID-19 in children and a moderate impact of such disease.
-The overall risk of PIMS-TS in children in the EU/EEA and the UK – is considered low, based on a very low probability of PIMS-TS in children and a high impact of such disease.
-"While the clinical management of these children has absolute priority, data collection from EU/EEA Member States and the UK would strengthen the body of knowledge for this rare condition and allow for a better analysis of these cases. An analysis of surveillance data could clarify the incidence of KD/PIMS and identify the most affected age groups and risk factors for both conditions", the ECDC noted.
-ECDC has agreed with the EU/EAA Member States and the UK to include PIMS as a possible complication to be reported for EU-level COVID-19 surveillance. According to the agency, research efforts should aim at determining the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the pathogenesis of PIMS-TS and answering other significant remaining questions.
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Interesting
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How to obtain data sets for research (database) on the monitoring of mechanical vibrations and electrical faults of a synchronous generator or motor?
Comment obtenir des ensembles de données pour la recherche (base de donnée) sur la surveillance des vibrations mécaniques et les défauts électrique d'une générateur ou moteur synchrone ?
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Dear Billel Meghni , this is a very good question, I have myself not been able to figure out...
I basically agree with the answers from Chouaib Chakour and Pavlo Krot . Let me just add you can found lots of very useful and informative material concerning reliability and vibration/condition based monitoring of electric motors, generators, and other machines in specific national contexts, e.g. nuclear or thermal power plants. I can certainly recommend taking a deeper look at the websites of these organisations:
- Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) - United States
- Energieforsk - Sweden
I hope this helps. You can contact me back if you need help.
Best regards
Maurizio
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Generative Adversarial Networks answered my questions.
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Not in all time
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After this Covid-19 crisis, our next relevant challenge will be a global surveillance network involving "VETERINANS" and "ANIMAL BIOLOGISTS" to MONITOR, and possibly to predict, potential sources of another highly pathogenic Covid. It will be necessary to prepare a "PLATFORM " to facilitate scientific exchange across disciplines (Large BrainStorming) , sharing of data, old and recents resultats of resarch, and coordinated efforts to prevent future Sanitary CRISIS.
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Veterinarians may contribute in research for finding the vaccine as they have already experienced in finding the vaccines for many Corona viral diseases in domestic animals
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Immune mechanisms play an integral role in tumor growth establishment and metastases. Immunoediting is a dynamic process which contributes to immuno surveillance to keep under control It is made up of three phases: 1) elimination, 2) equilibrium, and 3) escape.
1. Elimination: Most immunologically vulnerable tumour antigens may eliminate by elimination phase immune editing as host’s immune system is capable of recognizing these cells
2. Equilibrium: However, constant division can generate tumour cells with reduced immunogenicity that can evade the immune elimination because of the genetic instability. This state of production of new tumor cell variants balanced by the distraction has been dubbed “equilibrium”, during which the cancer cells continue to divide, accumulating mutational changes by chance or in response to immune-induced inflammation.
3. Escape: These processes gradually come to a situation where tumours are capable of reducing the capacity of the immune system, to eradicate them by achieving immune suppressive effects or by loss of target antigen expression. Consequently tumour escapes from immuno surveillance and progression of carcinogenesis will occur. Nonetheless, there may be conditions under which tumor cells are truly dormant, for example by induction of “senescence”. In this case, they would be likely to remain dormant permanently, as replicative senescence is generally believed to be irreversible.
Microbiome studies based on ‘omic’ technologies have provided the laboratory evidence on disease associated in metabolic diseases and cancer (non infectious origin). These microbes especially bacteria are the most metabolically versatile organisms in the world, which can adopt to any environment, even changing their genetic potential, using mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer. Thus cancer associated microbiome dominated by inflammaphilic periodontopathogens can be found in OSCC tumour micro environment.Furthermore, in-vitro experiments have provided substantial information on carcinogenicity of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
I would like to start a meaningful discussion on immune responses of the host to 'cancerbiome induced inflammation' which can retard the 'immuno surveillance ' in oral carcinogenesis. For an example , retardation of 1st and 2 nd steps in immuno editing, which may cause immuno suppression, where tumour could escape from immuno surveillance. For an example well known periodonto pathogens such as P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum., how they can contribute to immuno suppression of the host which may lead tumour cells to escape from immuno surveillance ?
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It's just a matter of combining information in the article 'The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective' with the other article 'New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases — elimination, equilibrium and escape'
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I'm currently employing a sequential mixed-methods approach, including an initial exploratory phase and a final explanatory phase. The initial phase is a qual -> QUANT, with the primary aim to understand the context of the stakeholders so as to design a context-specific surveillance system. The second phase is the collection of data through quantitative means and explaining it through the qualitative findings from the initial part, in other words integrating qualitative and quantitative findings. The third phase, i.e. the evaluation phase is a quant-> QUAL.
the question is: should I make use of a dialectic perspective, i.e. constructivism and post-positivism under the heading of pragmatism or should I explain this primarily from a pragmatism point of view, without considering the multiple paradigms?
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Creswell is not an expert on paradigms, and his advice is likely to cause you trouble if someone wants to know how you used constructivism as a basis for posts-positivism and vice versa. In any event, this statement does not say anything about a "dialectical perspective."
If you want to stay out of trouble in addressing this topic, pragmatism is the safer choice.
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Do you think, one day the technology will be developed by which each and every single human being can be monitored continuously without any device with them; just sensing their DNA barcode? Their location, activities, temperature, wellbeing, etc.
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How does fingerprints work with remote sensing and DNA Barcodes?
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Dear all
After reading the book "The age of surveillance capitalism" seems evident that big data will influence our decisions in the close future (if it is not already happening). According to this reality, it seems that the classical approach of segmentation will no longer be useful.
I would like to know your opinion about this
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It is useful to better understand customer needs and allocate marketing finance effectively.
The potential importance of Big data is growing. Nevin Hammam
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I am currently designing an intervention (injury surveillance system) to be implemented within an organization. This research (following a pragmatic paradigm) will follow a multiphase mixed methods research consisting of QUAL -> QUANT -> QUAL.
The initial qualitative part will be conducted through interviews with the stakeholders of the organization in order to understand their perspectives with regards to the intervention; to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the intervention and to design the intervention that best fits with the organizational needs.
My question is this: I am not sure which qualitative approach do I have to consider in this first part of the study. I am approaching this study from a pragmatic world view and hence I do not know whether this part requires a specific qualitative approach.
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I agree with David L Morgan and Dean Whitehead that the most important thing to define is why you choose Pragmatism as the paradigm for your research. For example, I also conducted a multiphase mixed methods design for my doctoral research, which included an intervention. But while Pragmatism was the umbrella paradigm for the overall design of my research (w/ 4 research phases in total), the different phases of my project adopted different paradigms. For instance, whereas the phases with a QUAL priority adopted a constructivist stance, the ones with a QUAN had pragmatic stance.
The reason why I adopted pragmatism as the Overarching umbrella was precisely because one of its fundamental principles was paradigm integration, i.e. the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative standpoints. In short, the eclectic of pragmatism partners well with the multidimensionality of mixed methods multiphase designs, by allowing us the allocation of different paradigms along the different research phases of multiphase designs.
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Self-treatment or over the counter drugs. is use of medication without consulting a physician either for diagnosis, prescription, or surveillance of treatment.
The most widely self-medicated substances are over-the-counter drugs used to treat common health issues at home. It involves obtaining medication without prescription and taking medicines on advice of and from friends and relatives.
Is self -medication illegal or at least an incorrect method of treatment?
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A safe drug in this moment may be announced harmful in next yeas after more researches!
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Data and accessibility services for persons with disabilities
Many people have privacy concerns particular data as more personal and sensitive than others, I think people's privacy concerns differ according to the purpose for which data is collected, with the contrast between service and surveillance purposes most paramount.
People must know for which purpose data is used and weigh the benefits that providing their data may offer them. When these benefits are of immediate personal relevance e.g. accessibility, medical, access services, I think most people are willing to share their data.
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"How important is the sharing of personal data for persons with disabilities?" is a complex question.
Data, I believe can be categorized into three classes.
1 - Personal (The stuff I don't want others to see),
2 - Private (The stuff that's okay to share with some others - Groups),
3 - Public (The stuff anyone can view).
Having a disability can make this modern age more difficult to navigate.
Many disabled people(s), Myself being one of them, have a handicap (for lack of better words) that restricts them from living average digital life. Whether having a physical or mental disability governs how easily it is for them to pickup new technology, understand it, and/or drive it to the next level, and is greatly influenced by current technologies, finance, and their abilities to assimilate technology. Not without saying, this is in vast contrast to the non-disabled that take these issues for granted.
It is very important to me (Being a physically disabled middle aged man), for me to be able to access and share my ideas and knowledge, as well as be able to access knowledge of new or old Technology, that makes our lives more complex every day as technology grows. However, this forces us into an everlasting upward slope to take in these technologies. Not just to understand how to use them (Which makes our lives easier and harder at the same time), but to also understand how to fix them. It is hard enough for the older generation that have no understanding of new technologies (Which they would rather it stay that way, and is a disability in it's own right), but to have other disabilities makes it more necessary for disabled individuals to share and access data across a wide variety of mediums, than not.
Further, disabled people often have their disability get in the way of doing average every day things, let alone having to understand new technologies that can be challenging without a disability being involved, in it's own right.
So, I believe the question should be:
How important is the protection of and security from, and for them to be, in relation to them; sharing of personal data for persons with disabilities, and the aging?
After all, senior citizens are constantly being phished, smished, and duped into giving out their credit cards and social security numbers among other sensitive details that are needed to access financials. And the aging do not understand that simply telling someone your dog's name, to a hacker can be very dangerous if your password is your dog's name.
This age of technology gets more complicated each and every day. We struggle just to have a comprehensive working knowledge to be able to work with it. Disabilities get in the way of carrying groceries to my car, let alone trying to access E-mail when my sciatic nerve is acting up. We either adapt and overcome, or we are left by the way side of this amazing modern lifestyle intertwined with technology, even when we do not see it.
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My research work focused on Multi moving swarm robot based moving object detection and tracking for intelligent video surveillance. I need some excellent papers which are related to Multi moving object detection and tracking for multiple swarm robots.
Keyword: Multi camera multi moving object detection and tracking.
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I recommend reading the following paper :
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Hello - Can anyone tell me how many reported cases of Zika were recorded in 2018 and 2019 thus far? I can't seem to find this information anywhere!
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In general, RGB cameras are using for surveillance purpose. With the advancements in sensor technology, cost effective depth sensor like Kinect are available in the market. Can we use them for surveillance purpose?
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Basically you can use whatever you like (cameras, PIR sensors, ...). It's more or less a question of your surveillance objectives.
So, if using a Kinect is advantageous, why not. (Although, IIRC, the useable area of depth measurement is quite limited.)
Hope this helps ...
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Despite the advantages of the transdisciplinary interaction between scientists through Research Gate questions is obvious, and answers are almost always polite and scientifically sound, the risk of flaws and non-scientifically proven arguments is still there. Is the Research Gate community the one obliged to contain inappropriate approaches or rather RG must take an active role on it?
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following
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Having been involved in biomarker-based studies in Bangladesh & S. Africa, I am interested in the methods you are employing, please, including the overall design of the surveillance programme.
Many thanks!
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I am interested to explore some good applications of computer vision(other than surveillance ) in smart buildings. Any comments please.
regards
Nadeem
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In spite of several campaigns and infinite awareness activities, water wastage is still an avid problem. In countries like India especially in its rural areas, this problem imposes a great threat.
Is it possible to retrieve information relevant to this from the satellite image data and use it to build a systematic surveillance system for this?
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If you are willing to pay the costs for high resolution imagery like Worldview or Ikonos repeatedly, it certainly is possible at an excruciating amount. With opensource image its really difficult because of the coarse resolution. You can try using Sentinel-2 which is 10m to may be monitor the drainage systems. But the problem is in the rural areas these are very narrow and would not even comprise a single pixel on certain occasions. The best would be to use UAVs for monitoring, it wouldn't require a very sophisticated sensor so you could manage your budget also.
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Hi everyone! My lab is in the process of establishing a new project involving the use of field-caught mosquitoes. Does anyone have any highly-recommended traps for catching mosquitoes in the field?
Our lab is located in a relatively swampy and humid area in South Carolina, so we have a large variety of mosquito species available.
Since we mainly use molecular techniques, we really need both the DNA and RNA of the captured mosquito specimens to remain intact.
Thus far, the most promising traps appear to be either the EVS 2801A CO2 trap (BioQuip Products Inc.) or a simple 2L cylindrical, insulated container with a CO2-baited miniature light, as was used by Paul DR Johnson et al. (2007).
Any information or recommendations would be immensely appreciated.
Thanks in advance!
Johnson, P., et al. (2007). Mycobacterium Ulcerans In Mosquitoes Captured During Outbreak of Buruli Ulcer, Southeastern Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13(11): 1653-1660.
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Hi Lisa,
In Yucatan, Mexico (humid and warm state) we have used BG-Sentinel traps with octenol plus CO2 as attractants with very well results, collecting Culex spp., Ae. aegypti, Ae. taeniorhynchus and others in urban and sub urbans areas. Beside we used BG’s and CDC traps in different vegetation types in NPAs of Yucatan collecting 8 genera and 24 species of mosquitoes during 3 months sampling.
Regarding to DNA and RNA preservation you can use RNAlater™ just after you finish your sampling, add about 1 mL of RNAlater in an 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube along with the mosquito and storage it at -20 C or -80 C. Using this way the DNA and RNA of the mosquitoes could be stable for several months.
best wishes
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dear fellow researchers,
I am working with person recognition in outdoor surveillance. I ve one doubt that can i use local binary pattern feature for person recognition in outdoor environments .
please let me know
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Of course you can do it. But, it is better to combine LBP features with some of the morphological or shape features to evaluate better performance.
It is important to apply LBP on which part of a person image(just face, face and body, etc)
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a key avionics technology used for aviation cooperative surveillance (i.e., aircraft separation assurance and collision avoidance). However, the absence of adequate security features makes this system vulnerable to a number of cyber-physical threats (jamming, spoofing, meaconing, etc.). What technological solutions can be introduced to address this challenge?
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Dear Charles,
Thank you very much for your message and for the valuable documents. I am also very actively involved in this line of research. A recent paper on GNSS performance threats and augmentation strategies in aviation was recently published in JPAS (for convenience, the link is provided below):
In addition to addressing GNSS issues, it would be nice working together and investigating the feasibility of specific safety features that could be included in the ADS-B data-link as well.
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I am currently doing a project for a government who wish to introduce the use of body cameras among their labour inspectors and health & safety inspectors when conducting visits to business premises. They are thinking of combining this with the use of GPS so that the camera automatically switches on when the inspector reaches the business and automatically switches off when he/she leaves the business. Does anybody know of any research on the impacts of the usage of such body cameras, such as in related areas (e.g., policing)?
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Critical security scholars has done some very interesting stuff relating to the (b)ordering of different places and spaces - also in terms of the public/private divide in surveillance. Don't know if it useful, but Maria Stern and Joakim Berndtsson (2011) have a great piece in International Political Sociology on the latter, focusing on body searches in airports for example ('Private Security and the Public–Private Divide: Contested Lines of Distinction and Modes of Governance in the Stockholm-Arlanda Security Assemblage'). Maybe that could be useful even if its not related to labor or work places?
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I am working on underwater surveillance project. I have been searching for a visual tracking benchmark for the underwater data-set but failed to find any. If anyone is aware of or working on underwater tracking, please help.
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Thank you Md. Milon Islam for the response.
The benchmark you shared is for outdoor video. I am actually seeking for some exclusive underwater video tracking benchmark...
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I'm interested in knowing until which point Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques are currently being applied in a variety of biomedical/research projects.
I'm currently managing this blog post to share the most interesting and/or promising approaches to the use of EDA techniques I come across within my monthly surveillance of the matter.
Your feedback is welcome!
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Thank you very much, Mariel.
The ViVA project sounds really promising thought I'm not able to find additional information in the web 4 years later.
Do you know if it is still running?
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There are two approaches for molecular antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance: 1.Typing-based, in which resistance is predicted by association with genotype, and 2. The direct detection of genetic markers of AMR.
If the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is low in a city(for example 25-30 isolates during 6 month sampling), which approach is suitable for molecular AMR surveillance?
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Detecting and sequencing of AMR genes, is also an option, however that mean your selection of genes to be detected or sequenced will be based phenotypic characteristics of the isolates at MIC level. Some researcher also select the genes to be sequence based on previous history of existing resistance gene circulating within a geographical area. take for example blaCMY2 id very prevalent in North america while blaCTXM is more prevalent in Europe or bla metallo genes in Asia or India. So prior knowledge matters alot as well as phenotypic characteristics of the isolates derived from MIC reading.
If the resistance genes detected are associated with/specific to phenotypic characterictics of the isolates, and based on available information e.g. questionnaire survey or nationally collected data from routine surveillance, its possible to say frequent/continuous prescription maybe relating resistance.
Cheers
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Hi All,
I've developed an action recognition algorithm using depth action sequences. I wanna implement the algorithm in a surveillance camera which captures rgb videos. Would the algorithm be able to recognize actions regarding the data?
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Dear Saumik Bhattacharya ,
You are perfect! Thanks to Shafagat Mahmudova for your recommended sources!
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WHO’s first release of surveillance data on antibiotic resistance reveals high levels of resistance to a number of serious bacterial infections in both high- and low-income countries. Though efforts are underway, the condition is posing big challenge in the fight against infectious disease. How the scientific community and other relevant stakeholders could curb the problem.
Reflections on best experiences are appreciated,
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Antibacterial surveillance and clonal characteristics of resistance genes within your area are good tools for policy driven drug control. Effective monitoring and drug control will break the chain of spread of resistance genes vertically and horizontally among bacteria. Efforts are intensified at discovering newer antibiotics globally.
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dear fellow researchers,
I am working with person recognition in outdoor surveillance. I ve one doubt that can i use local binary pattern feature for person recognition in outdoor environments .
please let me know
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It is proved in literature that LBP features can be used for face detection and recognition. You can find rich literature for face detection.
In work [1], LBP-Haar Multi-Feature is proposed for Pedestrian Detection. You also have to consider computation cost for real time video surveillance.
hope thats help.
References:
[1] Thiyagarajan, B. V., Mayur, A., Ravina, B., & Akilesh, G. (2015, December). LBP-Haar Multi-Feature Pedestrian Detection for Auto-Braking and Steering Control System. In Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 1527-1531). IEEE.
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Let's fight against pollution in the Mediterranean
1- The overall objective Facilitate and unite efforts to combat marine litter in the Mediterranean Sea.
2. Specific object
Set up a platform for the control and monitoring of coastal marine areas based on the collection of local, radar and satellite information and a geographic processing model (GIS) of this information using satellite information and implementing a system surveillance based on drones. Put in place a system for sharing these results between the countries of the South and the North 3- Key words Environment, Mediterranean Sea, platform, surveillance, information gathering, GIS, satellite image, Drones.
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Hi,
could you please give some details about the roles and responsibilities of the members?
thenaks
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In order to recognize the person in surveillance environment.can we use local binary pattern feature
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Dear sriharsha,
see the following link in IEEE. This paper used Histogram of spatio temporal local binary patterns for human action recognition. Hope, this may helpful to you.
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Salmonella surveillance
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You should follow NCBI
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Surveillance data are ubiquitous in Latin American countries, but most times of poor quality. I am currently using a mixed-effects model, but should I use Poisson or Linear? I know there are a lot of alternatives for analysis of time series data but these two have the strength that they are the ones that are easier to communicate to the decision makers. Thanks in advance for your response.
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My Dear Antanis... firstly I hope all success to you in your work.
You can use some certieria to select the best regression fit by AIC, MSE, P_value ,..
With Best Wishes
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Given, two frames from a real world scenario such as a surveillance video of a street where there are pedestrians moving. I need to compare the performance of different optical flow algorithms ( Lucas-Kanade, TV-L1 [Zach et al.], Brox et al.) over these datas.
Are there any standard techniques for the evaluation of the flow vectors obtained from each when applied to this data?
(There is the middlebury evaluation for this purpose but it does not contain any real world data)
If there are no existing techniques, then, how to create a ground truth manually for such real world data?
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Take a look at this article:
From what I observed, end point error seems to be the method that is most popular currently (at least for dense optical flow).
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Hello colleges, currently I'm doing some visual surveillance project and I'm looking for a robust, low computational face detection algorithm to implement using matlab
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hi?
You can go for KLT, CamShift algorithms which are already implemented and you can get it and apply it.
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I am on the verge of preparing a protocol for evaluating the impact of a four years surveillance system on infectious disease, to proceed; I need some kind of a direction and ideas on the crucial point and steps in conducting an impact evaluation, conceptual framework, things that i need to focus/addressed and so on so forth. It would be of great help if anyone could share their experiences and ideas or even a template protocol, protocols or published papers on the same.
Thanks
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Dear Sir ...I have a lecture entitled Bio safety and Bio security..if you are interested in..let me know.
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Presumably this project involves epidemiological surveillance of targeted diseases.
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Actually Mr. Balwar is very correct in respect to the term Epidemiology, which by scientific defination is restricted to human population only but later the defination was more refined and made precise to include the diseases having zoonotic potential also means diseases shared by both man and animals as Mr. Balwar had clearly mentioned about? But for ease, in general we use both the term epidemiology and epizootiology interchangeably.
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Hi all,
Is there any study on the relationship between immune cells migration and immune surveillance, or immune escaping of tumor cells? It is clear that immune cells migrate in different tissues and this migration helps them to complete their functions. One of these functions, immune surveillance, should be under effect of immune cells migration but I can not find anything. I am looking for related papers or a keyword.
Thanks
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Here are 2 reviews on homing of immune cells/T cells to solid cancers:
Ager A et al. Homing to solid cancers: a vascular checkpoint in adoptive cell therapy using CAR T-cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2016;44:377-85
Tan LY et al. control of immune cell entry through the tumour vasculature: a missing link in optimising melanoma therapy? Clin Transl Immunol 2017;6:e134
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how useful would you say genomic approaches is in this field in comparison to traditional methods used previously to identify pathogens?
Is it better for patient treatment for us to use genomic sequencing methods such as WGS/NGS? 
Does it help public health investigate outbreaks and make international surveillance easier?
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Dear Dr Ahmed
The short answer is yes. 
Genomics can be of use to identify an unknown pathogen. They can be used to trace the origin of an outbreak. They can with some difficulty be used to estimate the reproductive number. 
They can also be used to confirm/refute theories about the origins of an outbreak. C difficle is a problem in many hospitals. Although ribotyping suggested a common epidemic strain, further sequencing has shown that there are multiple strains circulating. Another example is MRSA. Although these strains have similar phage profiles, biotypes and resistance patterns there are multiple strains in circulation rather than one or two epidemic types. Finally a paper recently reported the results of an investigation into an extended beta lactam resistant Klebsiella pneumonia that has persisted for a several years. On analysis it was found that the strain had originated several years before it was detected in the hospital. 
All this having been said isolating the genome of an unknown pathogen can be difficult. This is at the moment not really sensible. Most labs are not set up to do this in real time so for the moment it seems we are stuck with the usual methods. There has been movement in this area for TB but the jury is still out on these for the moment. Inhibitors of PCR that are not allowed for in testing systems may produce false negatives or even worse false positives. All of that having been said it seems likely that these methods will become mainstream in the not too distant future. 
If urgent action is indicated the usual methods are probably the most reliable at the moment. When possible sequencing of the pathogens responsible should be done as this provides information that may be useful or even critical and cannot be obtained in any other way. For example say there is an outbreak of Salmonella at a party. Most food associated Salmonella have the same serology and phage type. While the usual methods of identification may suggest uncooked eggs (the usual suspect) legally this may be problematic given the similarities between Salmonella and the problems with growing them from the eggs days after the party. Genomic typing may even rule the eggs out as a source.
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How can I get to know the distribution pattern of polydnaviruses and their hosts?
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no my dear
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(1) what is meant by unexpected here .how to detemine the level shifted from endemic to epidemic.
(2) what is the period of surveillance needed to say that this is an outbreak ??
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Additionally a ln epidemic can occur when a disease emerged in a place it never was. Eg the re-emergence of a single case of small pox could be described as an epidemic
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I was wondering if anyone had any expertise on the fourth amendment pertaining to electronic surveillance.
Would prospective warrantless StingRay searches that track a criminal to their own private residence be constitutional. Under the public movement doctrine, public roads are arguably covered, however if we follow Karo, it states that once the tracking invades the residence of an individual it violates the fourth amendment.
Thank you,
Dr. Sartre 
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Ok thank you, I will be looking at U.S. v. Lambis and the reasoning behind it.
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The link provided http://www.cvg.cs.rdg.ac.uk/PETS2001/ANNOTATION/ is not working. The PETS (Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance) data sets are hosted by University of Reading. I trying to contact the Professors that manage the data sets but they did not reply yet.
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xml format of the ground truths is available but I don't understand how to proceed further.
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I am conducting a study into the need for echocardiogram monitoring in patients taking cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia disorders (not Parkinson's disease). I'm interested if there are any local/national guidelines for echo surveillance that helps guide clinicians in this. 
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Hi both, Thank you for your informative answers. As you say it seems the evidence for echo monitoring in low dose cabergoline patients is limited. In Scotland echoes are done on an ad hoc basis influenced but the available SPC and society guidelines. We are currently working to standardise echo monitoring in these patients recommending low dose patients with normal CV examinations and no other risk factors would not normally require echo surveillance until a larger cumulative dose is reached 
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Dear Iman,
By evolving SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) since 2004 , it is not needed to share the origin data. Just web services of data will be shared instead. In spatial domain we use OGC services, and share the WMS services. In fact sharing data changed to sharing services of data. In this way the governmental Organizations became more interest to contribute in responding their clients requests which are related to their data.
Hope it be what you were looking for.
Best Wishes
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I trained road sign images using 1000 positive images.
and as I attaced one of an example, I can extract ROI from real scene Images so far.
I think I need to detect the arrow symbol looks like "<" ">" from the ROI(yellow bounding box) to detect road sign.
Any ideas should be welcome! Thx in advance!
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Hi Jung,
Initially, crop the area in which symbol lies i.e. particularly the area in which the required sign lies in. Extract the HOG features from the symbol in cropped region and form a feature vector. Train the classifier with the corresponding class label. Then you can test the detection/classification on test images. More the number of images involved in the training, more the accuracy of the detection/classification. HOG based handwritten alphan-numeric symbol detection and number plate detection are robust solutions similar to your problem.
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What algorithms can we use for building a stock market surveillance system that would be able to handle circuit filter, market reconstruction, insider trading, cornering etc? Can we use Business Intelligence tools like OBIEE for achieving these goals?
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