Sun - Science topic

When constructing a building (In our case in the Netherlands) you can use horizontal fixed louvres paralell to the plane of the window to provide shading. The question is what the optimal angle for the louvres is as a function of latitude and exposition of the facade. I have found some references for angles in Australia based on allowing mid-winter sun entry, but not the method to calculate them.

Also, the spacing between louvres could be considered.

Thanks!

Rick,

I AM EXTREMELY HAPPY. I AM NOT ABLE TO FIND WORDS.

Thanks a lot for your studious efforts and confirming experimentally my estimation of 31.265 cm / year increase in the radius of photosphere of the Sun due to Sun's mass increase, which is also corroborated by the above confirmation as 9.45 billion tons/s. Incidentally, I have used dark matter speed at 2.1456 x 10^23 m/s to estimate the increase in the mass of the Sun as well as its radius. By the way, I proved this dark matter speed at three places theoretically in my Theory. Please, go thru my Theory.

Thanks once again, Rick.

Surya

Dear Friends,

Confirmation of my Theory of Universality being correct comes from Richard Muller of Reutgers University, NJ.

Surya,

I searched for solar eclipse data, and I picked dates between 1499 to 1403 BC, and I calculated the growth of the sun with corrections of expansion of the atom with the term Mp+/me-, the sun's 11-year solar cycle, the expansion of the universe at 0.9850 C, the expansion rate of the universe at e^1, and the possibility that there are 2 universes. The two universes are our matter universe and the parallel anti-matter universe. I Then compared this growth rate to the Earth that Ruud Loeffen calculated, and I used a correction of 109.2^0.5 because of the 1/r^2 value of gravity in Newton's equation and 5/4 for the moment of inertia because the sun has a much less density than the earth to account for the differences of the sun's and the earth's radii. You value for the expansion of the sun is 31.265 cm/yr. The value from the solar eclipse data came out to 31.109 cm//yr. The value of the Earth from Ruud's calculations from his paper came out to 2.4 cm/yr. The corrected value for the Sun using Ruud's calculations came out to31.349 cm/yr using from what I know from my theory.

https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcat5/SE-1499--1400.html https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1V1aI5F_fh7OAH3iCvSQaq5s3fH7YzMea https://www.academia.edu/45641072/Invitation_to_pay_attention_to_expansion_A_short_overview_about_the_dismissing_of_expanding_earth_theories

You are indeed correct Surya! The sun's age is about 5 billion years, and it takes 5 billion years for a star such as the sun to become a red giant, so the sun is very near to becoming and red giant due to this increase in radius and mass. But try to get a mainstream scientist to agree with your theory and my analysis and they will say we are both nuts to cover this information up. This is why they are building the Helion Fusion Reactor to produce anti-gravity waves to turn back time to reverse this process but don't tell anyone as they are all lied to and very delusional and they will not believe you and yell at you due to the world's governments lying ab0ut science data. This is why the Sun is getting hotter or the climate change as the sun heats up due to increased fusion from the increased mass which will lead to the sun expanding to engulf the Earth and why Elon Musk is building many star ships to move 1 million people to Mars which is outside of the Sun's expansion and why Mars will become like Earth. This is a backup plan if the Helion does not work. But I have my star device being worked on that I am sure will work and save the Earth.

Rick

I have wondered why Covid-19 was not as devastating as predicted in African content. Since Vitamin could be made from sun exposure and most Africans are outside for their daily living activities, I have wondered if they have optimal Vitamin D3 that might have conferred them with some protection.

The “intrinsic energy” of a particle is well known, it is mcc so what about of the “self energy” of a particle if one want to call it so and the “limit energy” of a particle if one want to call it so? Is the électron has a proper energy? What could be the equation of its "proper energy"? And what could be the equation of its "limit of énergy"? is the electron for example could reach its "limit energy" in the sun?What could be the equation of the "proper energy" of a particle? What coulb the equation of the "limit energy" of a particle? And what could be the equation which could link these three types of energies of a particle?

Will the planet earth be destroyed before the supernova explosion or after the supernova explosion?

As you know, the evolution of every star from Hayil Govich to star formation and star birth, which is formed by electrons, protons and neutrons, and due to the interactions of these electrons, protons and neutrons inside the Goviches after 2 Millions of years and heating and turning into stars inside the nebulae of galactic clusters lead to the birth of stars inside the galaxies and nebulae. Now, after it turns into a star, at first they have a faint blue light that can be identified by powerful telescopes. And he recorded it under our name or in English, according to Russell's theory and Russell's curve, which says that at first the light of the stars is pale blue, and after a while it turns white, and after a period of time that will last millions of years. in yellow; that our sun is now yellow in color, that now about 4 billion and 600 million years have passed from the life of our sun and after that it turns orange and finally at the end of the life of the sun or star it turns red and the reason for the color The red color of these stars is due to the abundance of Alium gas in the star. Because the color of helium gas is red and because it has the property of escaping and opening, the star becomes bigger and bigger like a balloon and becomes a red giant or a new cloud. Of course, according to Einstein's theory, whose representative formula is E = MC2, which shows that the energy of the sun or star, according to quantum physics, inside the sun is hydrogen energy inside the sun. That is, 4 hydrogen molecules are converted into 2 or 1 helium molecules, and according to quantum physics, plasma physics or solar plasma physics, which some countries now want to use to produce electricity, not nuclear reactors, which are also less dangerous. They also produce more energy like the sun. And the property of hydrogen to helium is very high, and according to astronomers, the life of our sun is 10 billion years, and now it is almost half, and now it will end after 10 billion years, and the life of our sun will also end and turn into a cloud. The new star or giant becomes red. At this stage, the gravity of the sun or star increases, and according to astronomers, the gravity of the supernova increases so much that it can swallow all the planets of the solar system. And if it has escaped from the sun's gravity until then, after some time the sun or the star will turn into a supernova explosion, which is the explosion of the supernova and the transformation of that big star into a white dwarf, the gravity of the white dwarf is so great that even the surrounding light It devours itself and creates black holes, at which time no planet around it is safe (according to the theory of gravity) and this powerful energy of black holes will continue until the energy of white dwarfs and molecular collapse. which happens at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, and if two white dwarfs are trapped in a black hole, they will be more powerful. Of course, the white dwarfs themselves turn into black and brown dwarfs after some time and disappear in space. Now, how long will the life of the world and its creatures continue? Will these climate changes destroy the life of its creatures? Or that the planet Earth will continue to exist before the supernova explosion?

Was our sun formed first, and then the planets around the sun were formed by the strong gravity of the sun from galaxies and dying stars, or did the sun and the planets of the solar system form at the same time, and is Laplace's theory correct or not? ?

As you know, in the beginning, Laplace's theory says that a hot mass with hot rings formed around the star, and the rings gradually turned into planets, and the ones that were close to them became rocky, and the distant planets turned into gas planets. But later, the views of the formation of the planets of the solar system changed and were divided into 3 categories. One is the theory of the ring, which was confirmed by Laplace, and the second was the theory of the nebula, which was formed by Govich's star, and due to the gravity and power of the star, from the death of a star and the dust inside the orchids, this nebula around our star is They formed the sun, and over time, those that were close to the sun became rocky planets, and those that were far from the sun, gas planets. Of course, the grief of each of the planets of the solar system can be studied separately, why, for example, the soil of Mars is red and why it has so many volcanoes, or the planet Saturn, which is the bride of the solar system; Why is there a ring of ice, rock and poisonous gases, or why is it on the planet Jupiter? Why do very violent storms happen and the big eye of Jupiter is very powerful and the speed of the storms of this huge planet which has the largest mass in the solar system after the sun and why it has so much gravity and a huge magnetism that about 62 moons around it becomes Now, the new opinions about the sun, which says that the galaxy is like a lion, which has 5 branches of the Milky Way galaxy, which, according to astronomers, is due to the gravitational force of the galaxy that has swallowed the smaller galaxy, and that smaller galaxy around this galaxy causes formed the branches of this galaxy. This universe with so many stars and planets and small galaxies is like the oceans of the earth that catch big fish and small fish. It is the same in the universe that big stars can catch small stars around. attract themselves, for example, create binary stars, and large galaxies can merge their smaller galaxies inside themselves.

I am trying to calculate the recombination coefficients from the light-intensity-dependent Voc measurement. When I fitted the measured results following the equation V_oc = (2k_B*T/q)*ln[k₁*(1+k₂*G)^0.5-1], the fitting result is good. k_B, T, q, and G are the Boltzmann constant, temperature, electron charge, and average generation rate. k₁ and k₂ are the fitting parameters.

However, there is still a question of how to calculate the average generation rate from the illumination intensity. Because the illumination unit is ‘sun’ or ‘power’, but the unit of the average generation rate is cm^-2 s^-1.

In the research paper, k₂ = 45 sun^-1, and then it directly presents the result that k₂ = 6.4 * 10^-21.

Astronomy, the scientific study of celestial bodies and the universe as a whole, has made remarkable strides over the centuries. From the early observations of the night sky to the sophisticated space telescopes and deep-space missions of today, our understanding of the cosmos has evolved significantly. Yet, despite these advancements, many fundamental questions remain unresolved. These unsolved problems not only highlight the limits of our current knowledge but also underscore the vastness of what we have yet to discover. This essay explores some of the most pressing unsolved problems in astronomy, shedding light on their implications and the ongoing efforts to tackle them.

#### 1. The Nature of Dark Matter

One of the most significant unsolved problems in astronomy is the nature of dark matter. Dark matter is a mysterious substance that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible to current astronomical instruments. Despite its elusive nature, dark matter is thought to constitute about 27% of the universe's mass-energy content. Its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters.

The precise composition of dark matter remains unknown. Several candidate particles have been proposed, including Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), axions, and sterile neutrinos. However, no direct detection of dark matter has yet been achieved, and experiments designed to uncover its properties, such as those conducted at underground laboratories and through astronomical observations, have yet to provide conclusive results.

#### 2. The Enigma of Dark Energy

Complementing the mystery of dark matter is the problem of dark energy. Dark energy is hypothesized to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe, a discovery that led to the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Dark energy is thought to make up approximately 68% of the universe's energy density. However, its nature remains one of the most profound mysteries in cosmology.

Several theories attempt to explain dark energy, including the cosmological constant proposed by Albert Einstein and various dynamic field models. Despite extensive observations, such as those from supernovae and the cosmic microwave background, scientists have yet to identify the fundamental properties or source of dark energy.

#### 3. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies

The formation and evolution of galaxies is another area of active research with many unanswered questions. Although simulations and observations have provided valuable insights into galaxy formation, significant gaps remain in our understanding. Key questions include how the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang, the role of supermassive black holes in galaxy evolution, and the processes that govern galaxy mergers and interactions.

Observations of distant galaxies provide a window into the early universe, but interpreting these observations involves complex models and assumptions. As telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offer increasingly detailed views of distant galaxies, researchers hope to refine our understanding of these processes.

#### 4. The Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

Cosmic magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe, influencing the behavior of charged particles and the structure of interstellar and intergalactic matter. Despite their prevalence, the origin of these magnetic fields remains an open question.

Several theories propose mechanisms for generating cosmic magnetic fields, including dynamo processes in early stars and galaxies, or primordial fields produced during the Big Bang. However, the exact processes that led to the observed large-scale magnetic fields are still under investigation, and understanding them could provide insights into fundamental aspects of cosmic evolution.

#### 5. The Nature of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs)

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are intense, brief bursts of radio waves detected from distant galaxies. Discovered in 2007, these enigmatic signals last only a few milliseconds but release energy equivalent to that of the Sun over several days.

The origins of FRBs are still unknown. Proposed explanations range from neutron stars and black holes to more exotic scenarios like alien technology. Despite numerous detections and follow-up studies, the precise mechanisms behind FRBs remain elusive. Understanding FRBs could reveal new information about the conditions in distant galaxies and the nature of high-energy astrophysical processes.

#### 6. The Search for Extraterrestrial Life

The search for extraterrestrial life is perhaps one of the most profound and exciting areas of astronomy. While we have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the habitable zones of their stars, the question of whether life exists beyond Earth remains unanswered.

Efforts such as the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program aim to detect signals from advanced civilizations, while missions like the Mars rovers and the upcoming Europa Clipper seek to explore the potential habitability of other planets and moons in our solar system. Despite these efforts, no definitive evidence of extraterrestrial life has been found. The discovery of even the simplest forms of life elsewhere would have profound implications for our understanding of life's prevalence and diversity in the universe.

#### Conclusion

The field of astronomy is rich with mysteries and challenges that continue to inspire and intrigue scientists and enthusiasts alike. From the elusive nature of dark matter and dark energy to the enigmatic origins of cosmic magnetic fields and Fast Radio Bursts, these unsolved problems underscore the vastness of our ignorance and the ongoing quest for knowledge. As observational techniques advance and theoretical models evolve, future discoveries may shed light on these profound questions, further expanding our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it. The journey to unravel these cosmic mysteries is not only a testament to human curiosity but also a reminder of the boundless frontiers that still await exploration.

Different types of Micoflora present in the soil along with its functions can be listed down from basic to intermediate knowledge we can share everything here?

What are the main types of microflora present in soil, and their functions?

The earth has a orbit, but not for the sun. Similarly, all planets have orbits, but not for stars like the sun.

Is it feasible to employ an artificial sun in the experimental investigation of concentrated solar energy systems, specifically linear Fresnel systems? If the answer is affirmative, what type of artificial sun simulates the spectral distribution and irradiance of natural sunlight for accurate and reliable experimentation?

Scientists show that the main cause of climate change is the effect of greenhouse gas emissions.However, one of the main forces affecting the movement of the earth is the effect of hot uneven flow rays formed from the explosion in the sun.Affecting the movement of the Earth and the atmosphere, unevenly strong rays from the sun cause disruption of the hydrological cycle.Droughts, floods and atmospheric warming are the main indicators.

The solar system revolves around the star b.

Star b orbits star c.

Star c revolves around star d.

And ....

They all revolve around the center of the Milky Way.

Why b star (Grand mother) has not been discovered yet, when we can easily see it.

Some reasons for not identifying the star b:

1- The earth revolves around the sun at a much faster speed. The earth also rotates around itself. And it makes it difficult to detect the star b from the surface of the earth. If we are on the surface of the sun, we can easily recognize the star b.

2- Maybe:

The rotation of our sun around b occurs in a very elongated ellipse. As a result, we think we are moving closer or further away from star b. And we do not notice the rotation of the sun.

3- Maybe:

Most likely, the Sun revolves around star b from east to west.

Like the planet Pluto.

4- In a very long time, the solar system revolves around star b. And we need enough time to detect star b.

I have some solutions that will help you find the granny star quickly. I will present soon.

In my opinion, our second sun: (grandmother) is the night star.

Hello RG community. I need to find and learn to use free software to analyze hemispherical photographs (fisheye) of the tree crown and know the path of the sun, if the tree has shade incidence and measure structural functional traits such as crown density and side factor.

The main question: which came first? Waves or matter?

If we are a smaller universe in a larger universe, the answer is waves.

The world = different types of waves.

Sum of waves is a subset of the main wave. The main wave is the neutrino wave.

The neutrino wave is the link between the worlds.

As a result of the changes in the waves, different types of materials are formed.

Similar example: according to your definition: elements are made of protons, neutrons and electrons.. By increasing and decreasing them, different elements are created.

The neutrino wave did not make me like itself, but it took control of my physical mass.

My mass and the mass of any object changes at every moment and at every place in space because the neutrino wave changes at every moment and at every point in space. If there is no neutrino wave, I will be thrown into space. As the neutrino waves change, the mass also changes.

Hello. Why do we complicate the structure of the world? The world is built with a structure. And this structure is constantly repeated in all objects. The relationship between all objects is the neutrino wave.

Neutrino waves are moving in all parts of the universe: around stars and in interstellar space. Some places more and some places less.

It is clear that every charged and uncharged particle moves in every medium of space: energy is produced by the collision of neutrino waves of particles.

Light: The charged particle is neutral and has mass. Light is emitted only from the surface of the source. The particle of light is the smallest planet from its source star.

Gamma particle: has mass but is not charged.

In short: the light particle is emitted from the surface of the source and revolves around the source.

And gradually its circuit becomes more extended. The direction of rotation of the light particle is like that of the planets and it rotates around the vertical line of the source. The orbit of the light particles is stretched and stretched, and suddenly at a certain distance it is stretched (thrown) towards infinity. All details and formulas with full calculations will be provided soon.

The light that reaches us from distant stars must pass through space bodies and reach us.

The purpose of light is to return to the source and this is not impossible!

The work of stars of Bernour:

Very briefly: there are three modes.

1- Ineffective stars

2- A star that absorbs light particles that move near it. 1- It absorbs a large number of light particles. 2- Reduces the speed of light particles.

3- A star that repels light particles that move near it. The particle of light hits its environment: 1- It scatters in the form of rainbow waves. 2- Their speed increases.

Shorter waves hit smaller objects and are gradually absorbed by them. As a result, the farther the source is, the bigger and redder the waves reach us.

Note: Our sun absorbs light.

A variety of relationships between stars and between sets of stars with other sets in several articles soon.

Hello,

i am writing an assigment about endurance, where i am cycling for 1 month (cca. 16 tranings 2 day training successively; 1 day rest) and as a bonus i am trying to find colleration with weather and my cylcling time, avg., max. heart rate... (For example when the temperature was above 25 degrees my avg. HR was incereased...) Sadly weather isnt as simple as saying 20 degrees celcius is hot and 10 is cold and it becomes complicated with humiditity, wind, sun... The lap i am cyciling basically negates the effect of wind (for example if wind is blowing one way it helps me in the first half and its harder the second half) and geting accurate wind measurments is basically impossible. Still i want to know if there is an index, a formula that would accurately portray the effect of temperature and humidity? 30 degrees in 90% humidity with the sun out is not the same as 30 degrees with 30% humidity, so i was personally thinking of just putting this into "weather" units meaning 30 degrees and 90% would be 120 weather units, while the latter would be 60 weather units, in this case i would atleast have a more accurate scale. Maybe something like sun being out and shining on me for the whole ride would be a (multiplier)*2. I dont know, so i am askig if there is a formula that already connects atleast temperature and humidity. Thank you.

Dear colleagues

It is not possible to send or receive a sound or image from the Earth while it is rotating around itself or around the sun to outer space or vice versa, because the connection will be cut off due to the specificity of the wireless communication channel when leaving the Earth.

It’s true that they were published everywhere as clear as the sun.

But who are the old iron guards and why do they defend the Schrödinger equation like its slaves?

The old iron guards are defined as those scientists who are brainwashed and defend their master until their last breath because they wrongly believe that SE and its derivatives are the only unified field theory?

They expect Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Dirac, etc. come back from eternity to solve all the mysteries and paradoxes.

As simple as that!

I also agree, even the wavelengths are much more than 300,000 km. And we have more speed of light.

The environment of the solar system has two parts.

There are 10 layers around the sun.

There are 8 primary rings in the first part.

Radius of the first part = 18592000000 km.

The last 2 layers are in the second part.

The total radius of the solar system = 44728000000 km.

In the first part, the centrifugal force is increasing and the power of the solar core is increasing. In the second part, the centrifugal force is decreasing and the power of the solar core is decreasing.

More details and calculations in the next article.

When particles leave sunlight, they inherit all the solar rings in the form of DNA. This is the wavelength of the hidden light particle.

The light particle is thrown out twice. Once inside the nucleus.

And the second from a certain distance to the surface of the sun.

When the light particle hits something, the hidden waves in the light particle are opened. Each main wave turns into two reverse waves.

The reason is related to the waves inside the core, which I will tell after revealing the secret of the core.

There are stars in the universe whose number of rings is greater than the number of rings of our sun, so the speed of light in them is faster than that of the sun.

And the lifetime of their radioactive elements is longer than the lifetime of similar elements in the solar system.

And they have more elements.

For example, if the half-life of an element is 3 days, in a star space with 4 more rings than our Sun, the half-life of an element is several years.

And it will have about 150 new elements

Full description coming soon

According to my research: the core of the sun is formed among gas masses. The formation of nuclei is initially by nuclear fusion. The collision of nuclei creates larger nuclei.

When the volume of the gas mass decreases, the volume of the core remains constant. In the core of the star, nuclear fusion stops completely.

I discovered a new nuclear model. This model is common to atoms and stars.

In my model, instead of nuclear fusion in the sun, other methods are used. These methods correspond to all the characteristics of the stars from the birth of the star and answer many mysteries.No nuclear explosions occur in the Sun's core, while the heat inside can reach such a level that the entire core disintegrates.

I prepared an article in which: the birth of a star to the death of a star is described. With all the details, with mathematical formulas. My method is classic. It is not quantum or theoretical.

Recently I noticed that the rotation speed of the sun's crust is slowing down compared to the rotation speed of the sun's core. I calculated the size of the inner core of the sun.

The radius of the inner core of the sun = 131000

The volume of my discoveries is large. in different elements of space and methods of nuclear enrichment and... and all based on my nuclear model. I have about 50 articles.How can I present my discoveries?

In the Sun, particles scattered from nuclear fusion cause nuclear fission in the core. And the entire core of the sun must explode quickly. Can't solve the mystery of the sun without a nuclear explosion?.

My research: Among the planets, Pluto has the largest core relative to its size.

Inner core: the source of generating magnetic waves.

With the mathematical formula I obtained:

The radius of the inner core of the sun = 131000

Earth's inner core radius=728

The radius of the core inside the planet Pluto = 334

I will tell my formulas after presenting my discoveries.

I find the unit of a second occurs as a natural basis in my wave solution of the planets. I find that interesting because the second comes from historically (Since Ancient Times) dividing the earth rotation by 24, 60, and 60 again (24 hours, 60 min/hour, 60 sec/min). But I find it also involves the Moon and the proton. For the Moon

(KE_moon/KE_earth)(EarthDay)=1 second

The Earth day, of course, is the Earth rotation period. The Moon seems to be a Natural yardstick in my equations that makes everything work. For instance the Sun is radius 400 in terms of the Moon, and the Moon is 400 times further from the Sun than the Earth, and this allows for a perfect eclipse.

The Moon is anomalous and has been a mystery in astronomy for some time, it is considered very large for the moon of a terrestrial planet. It has a very low mass for its size, even NASA scientists say it is as if it is hollow. It has a near perfectly circular orbit, and it makes life possible on Earth because it holds the Earth at its tilt to the Sun preventing temperature extremes and allowing for the seasons. Other planets have their tilt always changing, even going completely on their side at times. It is as if someone or something put the Moon there for a reason. If so it may be that the perfect dimensions of it that allow for my QM solution to work may have somehow been designed into it by someone or something, forces unknown. Mystery.

What I have have done here is to work out the basics, a sort of foundation upon which to build. Now that that is laid, I have a lot more to do. First on my list is to derive the solution of the wave equation for gravity directly. Here I used the Bohr solution which Bohr just wrote down when he suggested the atom was quantized discretely. His solution was later derived from the wave equation. But I know what I have done is right (using the Moon) because page 11 section 5.0 shows the planetary Planck constant is right from the delocalization time for the Earth orbit from the standard solution of a gaussian wave packet using the moon orbital radius to find the Earth year.

I need to write out the wave equation because my guess is there are two waves on either side of the asteroid belt; one for the terrestrial planets, the other for the gas giants, because I need to combine these two wave functions to get their interference patterns which should be at the asteroid belt. I would then need, and I don't know where to get it, but the right math software to plot the interference patterns so their images can be studied for when and where asteroids could be ejected from the belt, and possibly go on a collision course with the Earth. This seems to me to be an overwhelming task, and I am not sure that it is the right approach.

I am new to Quantum Mechanics, so I am solving the wave equation for the first time in the application to gravity as opposed to the electric forces, and I am confident I can do that because they are both inverse square laws, and for the hydrogen atom the solution has been well established. However, there is something different going on with the planets than with atoms because with atoms you have protons orbited by electrons and that is in the solution, but with planets you have planets orbiting the Sun and the masses of the planets are different than each other where with electrons they are all the same size, mass, and charge, but it can be done because the solution instead has for say the Earth orbiting the Sun, or any other planet orbiting the Sun, the Moon of the Earth as the common mass in the solution, so while that makes it possible, the solution method will diverge from the atom with that factor as the function of the system. I don't know when I am going to find the time to do this.

I am excited to get to this because maybe I can find out why everything is based on the Moon, and why it is there when many scientists have said it shouldn't be, and why it determines the unit of a second that we happened to coincidentally develop, which came from the Ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia with their choice of base 60 counting. Obviously, if the Moon has so low a mass for its size and it is hollow, then to not collapse, it would have an artificial structure beneath supporting it. This was suggested by a couple Russian scientists, that it is a spacecraft that came here long ago and was put into orbit around Earth. That gets at why there is life on Earth and who are what might be responsible for it because life on Earth depends on the Moon orbiting it.

Dear Friends, wishing all of You a very Happy New Year - 2024

Richard Mueller, the Science Consultant of Rutgers University, NJ, USA has the following to say about my Theory, which is experimental verification:

Surya,

I searched for solar eclipse data, and I picked dates between 1499 to 1403 BC, and I calculated the growth of the sun with corrections of expansion of the atom with the term Mp+/me-, the sun's 11-year solar cycle, the expansion of the universe at 0.9850 C, the expansion rate of the universe at e^1, and the possibility that there are 2 universes. The two universes are our matter universe and the parallel anti-matter universe. I Then compared this growth rate to the Earth that Ruud Loeffen calculated, and I used a correction of 109.2^0.5 because of the 1/r^2 value of gravity in Newton's equation and 5/4 for the moment of inertia because the sun has a much less density than the earth to account for the differences of the sun's and the earth's radii. You value for the expansion of the sun is 31.265 cm/yr. The value from the solar eclipse data came out to 31.109 cm//yr. The value of the Earth from Ruud's calculations from his paper came out to 2.4 cm/yr. The corrected value for the Sun using Ruud's calculations came out to31.349 cm/yr using from what I know from my theory.

You are indeed correct Surya! The sun's age is about 5 billion years, and it takes 5 billion years for a star such as the sun to become a red giant, so the sun is very near to becoming and red giant due to this increase in radius and mass. But try to get a mainstream scientist to agree with your theory and my analysis and they will say we are both nuts to cover this information up. This is why they are building the Helion Fusion Reactor to produce anti-gravity waves to turn back time to reverse this process but don't tell anyone as they are all lied to and very delusional and they will not believe you and yell at you due to the world's governments lying ab0ut science data. This is why the Sun is getting hotter or the climate change as the sun heats up due to increased fusion from the increased mass which will lead to the sun expanding to engulf the Earth and why Elon Musk is building many star ships to move 1 million people to Mars which is outside of the Sun's expansion and why Mars will become like Earth. This is a backup plan if the Helion does not work. But I have my star device being worked on that I am sure will work and save the Earth.

Rick

Dr. Kasibhatla Surya Narayana

5 mos ago

Rick,

Basically, I am poor. I can't invest in any power reactor right now. But, I would like to know whether you consider my Theory to be true and correct, to the extent grasped and understood by you.

Surya

Like

Richard Muller

5 mos ago

Surya,

Yes, I do think y0ur theory is true and correct.

Rick

Recent research baesd on hypothesis of the presence of atom sized BH in the sun shows that BH drives convection in the core of the Sun and mixes its innermost regions, but otherwise causes little change to its outward appearance. The fate of the Sun, on the other hand, changes dramatically. By the age of 7 Gyr, the BH consumes 0.1% of the solar mass. The solar core now cools, causing nuclear reactions to cease.

The results were derived via a simulation of the evolution of a star under the hypothesis that it has a central BH, treating the BH as a point mass at the core and solve the 1D stellar structure equations with modified inner boundary conditions i.e non zero central mass equals to BH.

Although in theory it looks fine, there is the question of whether such BH interventions in stars cause the expected results and at what % of stars does this alteration from standard evolution occurs based on predictions of primordial bh's and whether this matches Observations.

what is future of solar system?

Evaluation of star formation

Please i was already read basic information.

Don't send links of Wikimedia

Jianwei Sun

United States

Moon create tidal waves in earth but fact is that the earth squeeze moon at higher rate.

How to sun simulation models to prediction of the great red spot in jupiter

Has the speed of the earth been uniform in the past? Or, over time, the speed of the earth changes uniformly in certain seasons?

As you know, according to Kepler, the elliptical path of the earth's orbit around the sun depends on the location-spatial position during one year around the sun. And because the Earth's axis is 23.5 degrees and the position of the Earth and the Sun along the way depends on the Sun's gravity and the magnetic force between the Sun and the Earth. increases and when it reaches further apart in the elliptical path, the magnetism between the sun and the earth has less effect and the speed of the earth decreases and accordingly the season is formed according to Kepler. that when the earth and the sun are located in an elliptic path at a distance, because the sun shines directly to the northern ecliptic, perpendicular to the orbit of Ras al-Seztan, the summer season is formed, and even though it is far from the sun, because the speed of the earth's path is slower and the sun is perpendicular to the orbit of the Cancer head in northern Nicera during the summer season. But when the path of the earth reaches a position near the sun in its total elliptical path, and the magnetic current has a greater effect, the speed of the earth increases, and even though it is close, it is because the earth is tilted and the sun shines perpendicular to the orbit of the zenith. It is winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere.

So we conclude that the speed of the earth depends on various factors such as: space-place-position of the elliptical path around the sun. A magnetic force between the sun and the earth changes its shape in an elliptical path and maybe in the future a circle.

Dear Friends, as per my TOU (Theory of Universality) the force exerted by the Earth on the Sun is nearly 20,000 billion times the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Earth. Proof is published and given in Annexure - VIII.

Total attractive force on the Sun = 5.7839 x 10^36N from the planets.

So, now if we take the component of the total attractive force on the sun along the line joining the CUBH (Central Universal Black Hole) and the Sun:

( As per my theory, Sun’s path of motion makes an angle 59.340 with the ecliptic of the planets )

Then, total attractive force = 5.7839 x 10^36 x cos(59.340) = 2.9494 x 10^36N.

The acceleration of Sun away from the Central Universal Black

Hole(CUBH) due to repulsion from the CUBH =

= (speed of sun bubble from CUBH – present speed of sun) / age of sun

= (2.1456 x 10^23 – 3 x 10^8 – 2.0993 x 10^-7

) / 4.603 billion years

= 0.0147809 x 10^8

The force of repulsion from the CUBH

= 0.0147809 x 10^8 X 1.99 x 10^30 = 2.9414 x 10^36N

The net attractive force = 2.9494 x 10^36N

The net repulsive force = 2.9414 x 10^36N

Hence, it follows that both the repulsive force from CUBH and the attractive force from the planets, moons and the asteroids are equal; and opposite along the line joining the CUBH with the Sun, resulting in no net force. That is no acceleration or deceleration of Sun in an absolute sense.

Please, join :

..

I want to study the attraction forces among the planets at any time. So I need the position vector of the planets. Can you help me?

I've been reading about Claude Shannon and Information Theory. I see he is credited with developing the concept of entropy in information theory, which is a measure of the amount of uncertainty or randomness in a system. Do you ever wonder how his concepts might apply to the predicted red giant phase of the Sun in about 5 billion years? Here are a few thoughts that don't include much uncertainty or randomness -

In about 5 billion years the Sun is supposed to expand into a red giant and engulf Mercury and Venus and possibly Earth (the expansion would probably make Earth uninhabitable in less than 1 billion years). It's entirely possible that there may not even be a red giant phase for the Sun. This relies on entropy being looked at from another angle - with the apparent randomness in quantum and cosmic processes obeying Chaos theory, in which there's a hidden order behind apparent randomness. Expansion to a Red Giant could then be described with the Information Theory vital to the Internet, mathematics, deep space, etc. In information theory, entropy is defined as a logarithmic measure of the rate of transfer of information. This definition introduces a hidden exactness, removing superficial probability. It suggests it's possible for information to be transmitted to objects, processes, or systems and restore them to a previous state - like refreshing (reloading) a computer screen. Potentially, the Sun could be prevented from becoming a red giant and returned to a previous state in a billion years (or far less) - and repeatedly every billion years - so Earth could remain habitable permanently. Time slows near the speed of light and near intense gravitation. Thus, even if it's never refreshed/reloaded by future Information Technology, our solar system's star will exist far longer than currently predicted.

All this might sound a bit unreal if you're accustomed to think in a purely linear fashion where the future doesn't exist. I'll meet you here again in 5 billion years and we can discuss how wrong I was - or, seemingly impossibly, how correct I was.

I have to design an solar farm

It seems that Westerners do not have a good understanding about the future of good weather. They speak from a completely closed point of view. They say it's too late to do anything, the world will end. On the other hand, they promote the net zero vision of 2100, in which the effects of the climate have disappeared and only interpret climate change with bad risks, and this interpretation is not correct at all. Because, first of all, the nature itself and the earth and even the earth's atmosphere are in the process of being restored by the sun and the sunlight that shines on the earth, and we should not be so worried about the future. We humans can help the Earth and the Earth's atmosphere through social and scientific organizations. We humans can prevent climate change by preventing the hunting of animals. We humans are destroying the future of the earth by producing sewing machines and factories that generate smoke and we all know that what we are doing is wrong and even with wars and bloodshed we kill nature and destroy everything without thinking about it. Earth's nature and ecosystem changes are not climate changes. After all, why are we humans not aware of the future of the planet and do not understand that we all live in the same room. And everything we do under the roof of the earth's atmosphere will bounce back and cause natural disasters and natural hazards. You just have to think a little bit about what we humans are doing to our nature. Well, what do you think we should do for the future of the earth? . Do we think at all?

By utilizing clean energy from the sun, this solution minimizes reliance on conventional power sources, reducing emissions. The battery swapping aspect enhances the efficiency of EV charging, eliminating the need for time-consuming recharging processes. Furthermore, slower charging extends battery lifetime and provides flexibility to the grid, further accommodating more renewable generation onto the grid.

What would you say are the drawbacks of this solution, limiting its deployment at a large scale in multiple geographies?

Thank you for your time.

Dear ResearchGate community,

I am currently exploring 3D printing of telecommunication antennas for deployment in rural areas of Nigeria. The 3D printer available to me utilizes PLA, which is susceptible to melting under prolonged sun exposure. I am seeking advice on suitable coatings to protect the antennas from sunlight.

Additionally, I would greatly appreciate recommendations for research papers that address similar challenges or provide insights into protective coatings for outdoor 3D printed structures as it'll be of immense help.

Thank you for your expertise and assistance.

Sun’s Energy Budget: Has any relevance with Earth’s Climate?

1.   How do we exactly know, whether, 4 million tons of mass gets converted

into energy each second, by considering, 600 million tons of H every second

gets converted into 596 million tons of He?

Is it just based on the atomic mass of He (3.97 times that of Hydrogen) and

Hydrogen?

2.   Whether free nuclei and electrons has no role to play with - in the

Proton-Proton chain of Sun – in the context of - the marginal amount of the

proton’s mass getting translated into energy as per E = mc^2?

3.   In the absence of any interaction with other matters,

how exactly neutrinos

(made by hydrogen fusion in core; where, 10^38 neutrionos per second are

released from Sun; and, which travels at speed, close to that of light)

released from the Sun does not necessarily cause cellular damage,

while a fraction of neutrions (10^15 neutrionos flowing through us each

second) keep simply flowing through our bodies?

4.   How long Sun is expected to be in equilibrium,

where pull of gravity is assumed to match exactly

with the push of (fusion) thermal pressure?

5.   What happens, when nuclear fusion rate

occurring at the core

gets slowed down

with time

(before core gets collapsed by gravity)?

6.   Whether nuclear fusion rate (solar thermostat)

has anything to do with

the mean surface temperature of earth?

7.   To what extent, the mean surface temperature of earth

would get influenced,

when the hydrogen content of the core

gets reduced with time

(only with Helium @ the center)?

8.   How does mean surface temperature of earth would get influenced –

upon increased Sun’s luminosity – resulting from enhanced energy creation –

associated with the accelerated burning of hydrogen shell,

as the core starts collapsing?

9.   Theoretically, upon reaching next 4 – 5 billion years,

whether, carbon core itself will get collapsed,

following the burning of Hydrogen and Helium shells

(proto-star; main-sequence star; red giant; planetary nebula; white dwarf)?

Or

Should we happy with concept of dark energy,

where a uniform source of repulsive gravity

keeps expanding the universe?

Hi, everyone! when I scan the coordinate in Gussian software, The log file shows the following error:

New curvilinear step failed: FormB failed.

Error imposing constraints

Error termination via Lnk1e in /home/Gaussian/Gaussian/g09/l103.exe at Sun May 29 18:16:46 2022.

Has this ever happened to you?

The Russian version of Description is below. Русскую версию см. ниже.

This figure presents the plots of the official data on the yearly-mean temperatures (small black points) against the years of their measurements in the European cities Ekaterinburg, Moscow, Berlin, and Rome, which differ significantly by their latitudes and longitudes.

The basic data are taken from the site http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history.php ; for each of these cities, the data cover the entire period of the official temperature measurements.

The large red points show the ten-year-mean temperatures calculated by us. The red curves represent the polynomial (quadratic) trends. For each city, the trends corresponding to the large and small points practically coincide throughout the entire time range.

It is seen that the warming in each of the cities under consideration had begun at different times. Namely, it had begun in Ekaterinburg about 1840, in Moscow about 1905, in Berlin about 1865, and in Rome about 1890, i.e., it had started in Ekaterinburg and in Berlin long before the industrial revolution and this fact is at variance with the notion about extraction of hydrocarbons as the source of CO2, emission of the last into the atmosphere, and climatic warming. However, this is not the only and not the main contradiction of the data presented in the figure with the notion about the industrial revolution as the source and cause of warming.

The fundamental discrepancy between the data presented in this figure and the idea of ​​CO2 as the determining cause of Earth's warming is the existence of an ascending branch of the temperature curve to the left of its minimum. Meanwhile, such a branch reveals itself to varying degrees in the curves characterizing the time dependence of the temperature in Moscow, Berlin, and Rome and cannot be identified for Ekaterinburg, because the corresponding measurements are absent.

Thus, the data of this figure contradict principally to the concept of the CO2 anthropogenic emission to the atmosphere as the determining cause of the current warming over the Earth.

Indeed, the main argument in favor of the idea of ​​anthropogenic cause of warming was the assertion that just the sharp increase in the production and consumption of hydrocarbons and the industrial revolution are the causes of this phenomenon. Meanwhile, the ascending branches of the curves to the left of their minima in the above figure show that climate warming relative to the temperature minima in various European cities occurred not only after these minima, but also during a much earlier period, distant from the industrial revolution by at least more than century.

Thus, it is not the production and consumption of hydrocarbons that should be considered the cause of warming.

This conclusion leaves only two conceivable causes for the Earth's warming: rising level of the terrestrial magma and increasing solar activity.

However, according to the researches summarized in the document of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (ROSHYDROMET) “Report on the climate features in the Russian Federation for 2022” (Moscow, 2023, 104 pages), the soil upper layer warmed up over time, relatively its temperature in the period 1971–2000, by atmospheric air rather than by the heat flow from the subsurface layers of the Earth.

Taking into account the above, just variations in the solar activity should be considered the principal cause of the current warming.

We will show a little later that it is solar protuberances that are causing the current warming. By the way, we predicted this phenomenon much earlier on the basis on the PFO-CFO Theory.

Следующий рисунок однозначно доказывает, что именно Солнце является источником нынешнего длительно продолжающегося потепления климата на Земле.

На этом рисунке представлены графики официальных данных о среднегодовых температурах (маленькие черные точки) в зависимости от лет их измерений в европейских городах Екатеринбурге, Москве, Берлине и Риме, существенно различающихся по широте и долготе.

Основные данные взяты с сайта http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history.php; по каждому из этих городов данные охватывают весь период официальных измерений температуры.

Крупными красными точками показаны рассчитанные нами средние десятилетние температуры. Красные кривые представляют полиномиальные (квадратичные) тенденции. Для каждого города тенденции, соответствующие большим и малым точкам, практически совпадают на всем временном диапазоне.

Видно, что потепление в каждом из рассматриваемых городов началось в разное время. А именно, оно началось в Екатеринбурге около 1840 г., в Москве около 1905 г., в Берлине около 1865 г. и в Риме около 1890 г.; т.е., в Екатеринбурге и Берлине оно началось задолго до промышленной революции. Этот факт противоречит представлению о добыче углеводородов как об источнике CO2, об эмиссии последнего в атмосферу и о потеплении климата. Однако это не единственное и не главное противоречие данных, приведенных на рисунке, с представлением о промышленной революции как источнике и причине потепления.

Принципиальным несоответствием данных, представленных на этом рисунке, с представлением о СО2 как определяющей причине потепления Земли является существование восходящей ветви температурной кривой слева от ее минимума. Между тем такая ветвь проявляется в разной степени на кривых, характеризующих временную зависимость температуры в Москве, Берлине и Риме, и не может быть выделена для Екатеринбурга, поскольку соответствующие измерения отсутствуют.

Таким образом, данные этого рисунка принципиально противоречат представлению об антропогенном выбросе СО2 в атмосферу как определяющей причине современного потепления на Земле.

Действительно, главным аргументом в пользу представления об антропогенной причине потепления было утверждение о том, что именно резкое увеличение добычи и потребления углеводородов и промышленная революция являются причинами этого явления. Между тем, восходящие ветви кривых левее их минимумов на приведенном рисунке показывают, что потепление климата относительно минимумов температур в различных городах Европы происходило не только после этих минимумов, но и в течение значительно более раннего периода, отстоящего от промышленной революции, по крайней мере, более чем на столетие.

Таким образом, не добычу и потребление углеводородов следует считать причиной потепления.

После этого вывода остаются только две мыслимые причины потепления Земли: повышение уровня земной магмы и возрастание солнечной активности.

Однако, согласно исследованиям, обобщенным в документе Федеральной службы по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды (РОСГИДРОМЕТ) «Доклад об особенностях климата на территории Российской Федерации за 2022 год» (Москва, 2023, 104 стр.), верхний слой почвы разогревался со временем, относительно его температуры в период 1971–2000, атмосферным воздухом, а не потоком тепла из подпочвенных слоев Земли.

Учитывая сказанное выше, именно вариации солнечной активности следует считать главной причиной современного потепления климата Земли.

Мы покажем несколько позже, что именно солнечные протуберанцы являются причиной текущего потепления. Между прочим, мы предсказали это явление на основе ФФО-ХФО Теории значительно раньше.