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Sprinkler Irrigation - Science topic

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What is the Impact of drip irrigation on water use and crop production? What percent of water does drip irrigation save compared to flood irrigation? By what amount does drip irrigation increase the crop production compared to flood irrigation?
Can you please also share any relevant publication?
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Tomchilatib sug'orish orqali suv tuproqning qaysi qatlamigacha yetib boradi?
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I'm trying to design an irrigation system in which I'm able to get slow liquid flow (dripping) out of multiple holes (exit points) that is uniform across all of the holes. The issue I keep running into is that any discrepancies in the holes - be it slight differences in size, orientation, etc.- results in a preferential path for the liquid and the flow becomes nonuniform; it flows fast out of some holes and slow (or not at all ) out of others.
Any thoughts on an approach would be greatly appreciated.
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Dear Researchers,
Which method is most suitable and recommended as the best water management practice in the world, i.e. Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, Flood, Furrow, Ridges, Center Pivot, or any other method like Hydroponic or multi-story building.
Need your expert decision.
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It is drip arrigation
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Dear All
I need the average soil infiltration rate of different soil types to build up my simulation model, as I am using the Lateral movement sprinkler irrigation system. Do you have a table that show the average infiltration rate?
Regards.
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Dear respected Aymen Al Al Baaj,
I have article on average infiltration rate for soil exposed to different tillage operations. The soil analysis for the infiltration rate is sandy soil. You can check this article.
Hope it would help.
Best regards
Kifilideen
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Creation of recharge surface through rainfall data ....
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Pl. go through this link:
You may found there a key formula to compute GW net rechage component for Indian scenario, although Paper from Dr. C P Kumar (first comment in trailing text) would be really helpful and well explained.
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In order to conduct Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) of EMF from cell phone towers in an area of about 50 sq. km. and at the same time having 12-15 cell phone towers, should one opt for grid wise GPS locations or is it advisable to take random locations? 
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Thanks Raphael for your suggestions
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I need papers or your answers about the comparison between these methods of irrigation particularly about soil moisture and nutrient movement, as I need that at my Ph.D. studies 
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Dear Noha , you have a genuine issue to investigate . I am enclosing some our PDFs fro further reference of yours. Hope , they will be of some use for your work.
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For upcoming years water scarcity will be in peak, in order to reduce the water consumption for irrigation and urban landscapes we have to take some serious step to protect the water scarcity. My research was based on the sprinkler irrigation to reduce the water consumption on landscape.
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Dear KS, your question is very pertinent but I doubt , sprinkler irrigation will be handy under such circumstances where water scarcity is a pivotal issue, since sprinkler  irrigation is  a type of rainfall -like pressurised irrigation  . In-line drip irrigation probably holds far  more promise than sprinkler irrigation . Sprinkler irrigation consumes  more water than drip irrigation . however , with some of the developments in sprinkler irrigation like whirligig sprinkler , gun sprinkler, perforated pipes etc., it has shown some good promise . Provision of real time  pulsing as per diurnal variation in  temperature, VRT , sprinkler irrigation has attained some real utility in field. Despite all these developments , issues relating  droplet ballistics  are still un-resolved. Find below some PDFs , hope , they will be of some further use .
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We monitored irrigation groundwater quality for agricultural use by measuring the daily EC, TDS and pH concentration with a temperature compensated multi-parametric tester (HI 98129) produced by Hanna Instruments.
We also sampled 1500 ml of the water for detailed chemical analysis, from which we computed SAR using the laboratory results to measure sodicity and the analysis shows that SAR (0.174), which is < 3 meaning that sodicity is not an issues.
My main point is, using the daily measurement of EC & TDS, which would you most prefer to better estimate soil salinity at the root zone of water spinach (Impomoea aquatica) ? 
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Investigation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability to Irrigated  Agriculture in Coimbatore District,Tamil Nadu, India
SAR= Na/ (Ca+Mg)/2 (where, all ionic concentrations are expressed in milli equivalents per litre.) There were no much variations in SAR concentration between 2005 and 2008. In 2005,in pre­ monsoon period SAR values are >26 in north eastern portion and the lowest ratio locations of <10 were observed in north western, southern parts of the District and it stretches further west to eastern parts of the study area.
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We would like to show how wind speed and direction impacts sprinkler spray distribution and uniformity across the experimental unit. We collected sprinkler spray coverage using spray collectors (144 total) equally spaced at 2m within and between rows of collectors. Which approach/tool would be best to map wind speed and direction within this context?
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Hi, glad you found it useful. I am sure you could use different programs but I used Excel with a simple IF function. Lets say for example that column A is time, column B is wind speed, and column C is wind direction. If you decide to use 8 variables (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW), column D could be North-East, centering around 45 degrees: with function: =IF(C#>22.5,IF(C#<67.5,B#,-2),-2); where -2 is a random number indicating the times for which wind direction is not between 22.5 and 67.5 degrees. For all directions between 22.5 and 67.5 degrees the values in the column will be equal to the wind speed (B#). Likewise, East would center around 90 degrees where: =IF(C#>67.5,IF(C#<112.5,B#,-2),-2). The same works for SE, S, SW, W, NW. For North the equation is: =IF(C#>337.5,B#,IF(C#<22.5,B#,-2)). Subsequently you can plot each variable against time and adjust the y-axis to not show values below zero.
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We recently used overhead sprinkler systems for irrigation during our field research, which involved biochar & fertilizer trial on morning glory. We collected sprinklers spray water samples (ml) for 30-day after each time we irrigated and we would like to analyze these to show the irrigation spray distribution and uniformity. Which statistical approach/application would you recommend? We would like to show this in a graphic form, however, not in table. We currently have the data points in tabular form. Thanks for your insights.
Jenkins
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Hello All,
I was able to come across a really useful link, which contains some cool, free, and really easy to use statistical application for irrigation water management plan and I thought this could be of use to some of you now or in the future. As per my initial question, from the list of applications I will try the AACALC7 - [very comprehensive hydraulics analysis of sprinkler/spray systems] available and can be downloaded at http://freehc.net.
Thank you all. However, recommendations/comments are still welcome. Try to visit the link and explore some of their cool free software.
Jenkins
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The wetted radius (the throw) of a sprinkler is function of many parameters:
1- the pressure head
2- the the nozzle diameter
3- the throw angle
4- the sprinkler height
5- the nozzle interior design factors.
6- the type of the sprinkler whether hanged or fixed.
For the fixed type, I found some formulas to estimate the wetted radius like this lecture note http://goo.gl/Yj3pa0 Pages 36 and 37, however, it is not so practical equation.
On the other hand, I found nothing for the hanged type!
Can any one help finding a formula to estimate the wetted radius of sprinklers in irrigation?
Thanks in advance...
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I work with mist heads and a bit more complicated atomizers and found that the same heads mounted on risers and 'hanged' from a ceiling generate different wetted radii. Hanging ones were giving a longer throw, but could not relate that to any function of a stem length (for water mist therr is also a problem of humidity and secondary breakup, you do not have). Another issue is that the avergage droplet size also influences the distance droplets travel, as it is related to the shape drag generated by every single travelling droplet moving in still air. In short, I believe there is no general or suitable formula, but you may have a chance in relating experimentally found wetted radii for sprinkler heads instaled on risers and for the 'hanging' ones.