Sports Medicine - Science method

Yes

تمارين الاستيقاظ هي تمارين خفيفة تُمارس صباحًا بعد الاستيقاظ من النوم بهدف تحفيز الجسم وتنشيطه استعدادًا لليوم. تساعد هذه التمارين في تنشيط الدورة الدموية، تحسين المرونة، وتخفيف التوتر أو الشد العضلي الذي قد يحدث أثناء النوم. إليك بعض التمارين التي يمكنك القيام بها:

1. تمرين التمدد (Stretching):

قم بتمديد ذراعيك للأعلى والجوانب لتحفيز المرونة في العمود الفقري والأطراف.

يمكن إضافة تمرين تمديد لعضلات الساقين والذراعين بشكل لطيف.

2. التمرين الجانبي (Side stretches):

قف بشكل مستقيم، ارفع ذراعك اليمنى للأعلى، واثني الجذع قليلًا إلى اليسار لتمديد عضلات الجانبين.

كرر نفس الحركة للجانب الآخر.

3. تمرين لف الجسم (Torso twists):

قف بشكل مستقيم وضع يديك على خصرك.

قم بالتفاف الجذع من اليمين لليسار بحركات بطيئة ولطيفة، مما يساعد في تحفيز العمود الفقري.

4. التمرين على الركبتين (Cat-cow stretch):

ابدأ بوضع يديك وركبتيك على الأرض في وضعية الطاولة.

حرك عمودك الفقري للأعلى وللأسفل بالتناوب لتحفيز الحركة في منطقة الظهر.

5. تمرين القرفصاء البسيط (Squats):

قف بشكل مستقيم مع فتح القدمين بعرض الكتفين.

انخفض قليلاً كما لو كنت تجلس على كرسي افتراضي ثم عد للوضعية الوقوف. هذا يساعد في تنشيط عضلات الساقين.

6. تمرين التنفس العميق (Deep breathing):

أخذ نفس عميق، امسكه لبضع ثوانٍ، ثم أخرجه ببطء. يساعد هذا على تهدئة الأعصاب وزيادة الأوكسجين في الجسم.

تُعتبر هذه التمارين مثالية لبدء اليوم بشكل مريح وتنشيط الجسم قبل ممارسة أنشطة أكثر شدة.

It's interesting to see the SCIMAGO journal rankings for Orthopedics and Sports Medicine for 2023 and note the representation of Indian journals within this list. While it's notable that four Indian journals have made it onto the list, their positions within the ranking provide insight into their perceived impact and influence within the field compared to other international journals.

The fact that the highest-ranked Indian journal, the Journal of Orthopaedics, is positioned at #121 indicates that it is recognized for its contributions but may not yet have achieved the same level of global prominence as some of the top-ranked journals. However, being ranked within the top 200 or 300 journals in a specific field still demonstrates credibility and relevance within the academic community.

For Indian researchers and practitioners in the field of orthopedics and sports medicine, these rankings can serve as a reference point for identifying reputable journals for publication and staying updated on the latest research and developments. Additionally, it highlights areas where Indian journals may seek to improve and compete more effectively on a global scale, potentially through collaborations, increased visibility, or enhancing the quality and impact of their publications.

Overall, the inclusion of Indian journals in the SCIMAGO rankings reflects the diversity and contributions of researchers and practitioners from around the world to the field of orthopedics and sports medicine, and it's encouraging to see the representation and recognition of Indian scholarship within this domain.

Congratulations. I am also engaged in research in the field of tennis. I look forward to the publication of your manuscript.

Yes, I check my magazine's rating often

China government always trying to bring their foreign post docs back at higher salary. Many chinese post docs with me went back to China after 3 years in USA.

India goverment has scheme to higher foreign returned post docs, but those are very less and they replied to my application after 1 year I stayed unemployed in India for a year.

During Modi era, situation may become better. If there is faculty position, bribery is number one criteria in India, from where publication will come?, from dum brains of bribery. One of my colleague at Stanford wanted faculty position at IIT, he was given an offer to pay 20 lakhs ruppees. This is in IIT. Modi stopped 2000 note so that all bribery money holder are feeling very pain.

China has much more better science even becoming equal to USA. Indian science is more than a shit

Dear respected Hamidreza Khalounejad,

Perhaps you could consider the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as a NAFLD novel inflammatory biomarker.

Best wishes from Germany,

Martin

"Frigidzone Medicine" is an interdisciplinary field of study that encompasses several research areas related to the effects of cold on human physiological and pathological processes. It likely contains the following content areas:

Overall, Frigidzone Medicine is a broad and interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand and treat the effects of cold temperatures on human health and performance.

A researcher’s best statistical analysis software is the one that satisfactorily addresses the statistical needs of their investigation and lies within their financial affordability and technical ability. That pointed out, the most widely used statistical software platform in the social sciences is IBM SPSS Statistics—albeit not for free. Alternatively, jamovi is a good option for those seeking an open-source package with a similar interface to SPSS. Here is an article that you might find helpful on jamovi.

Şahi̇n, M., & Aybek, E. (2020). Jamovi: An easy to use statistical software for the social scientists. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 670–692. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.661803

Good luck,

There is a range of software, depending on your discipline and the type of data you are collecting. Currently in social and beahvioural sciences, the preferred software packages are STATA and also R. However, SPSS is also a good package but expensive to purchase. R is free. Excel is also available as part of Microsoft Office but its statistical capability is not as good as some of the others.

If you are collecting qualitative data then packages can include Nvivo, Atlas, Maxqda, among other.

Hope this is helpful.

Evidence:

Check out these:

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Physician and Sportsmedicine

Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

In regards to a short publication time, as you know with any top-tiered journal, it will depend on how well the manuscript is written. Less revisions = faster time to publication.

Michael

Resistant exercises can tire MS disease quickly. This is an undesirable situation in patients with MS.

I recommend more ROM exercises and short-term isometric exercises.

The best MS exercises are aerobic exercises, stretching, and progressive strength training. Aerobic exercise is any activity that increases your heart rate, like walking, jogging, or swimming. You just don't want to overdo it—it should be done at a moderate level. https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/neuroscience-blog/2017/may/multiple-sclerosis-and-exercise

Studies have revealed that pool chemicals and their by-products (some chemicals combine to form new chemicals) cause burning eyes, skin irritation, allergies, asthma and higher rates of cancer.

https://www.spectralightuv.com/are-pool-chemicals-safe#:~:text=Studies%20have%20revealed%20that%20pool,and%20higher%20rates%20of%20cancer.

Also check https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-increase-nitric-oxide

I'd recommend this review assessing the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in reducing PMS in women.

Best regards, Michał Fułek.

Dear Colleague,

I just started to collect data on exactly this topic as part of a more comprehensive meta-research study regarding orthopedic and sports medicine literature.

I think right now, most studies with a medical background pre-register in classic registries for clinical trials like clinicaltrials.gov or the german equivalent DRKS. Regarding studies without medical background, I would say OSF pre-registration formats are more common and I expect that the proportion of registration and preprints in STORK will increase in future.

Best,

Robert

HI:

This is Leslie David Montgomery from San Jose, CA, USA.

I recently read your Research Gate profile and your interest in MS/cooling.

I worked at NASA Ames Research Center, CA for a number of years. One of our larger projects regarded body cooling for astronauts and the application of body cooling for MS patients.

You can find articles about our work on Research Gate Leslie David Montgomery. There are several papers there that might be of interest to you.

I have also worked in the field of biothermal modelling of divers and other types of sports participants.

Please let me know of your current work in this area.

I can best be reached at email: pmontgomery@telis.org.

Looking forward to possibly hearing from you.

les montgomery

I also sent this note to your hotmail account.

I have created a couple of tools to calculate the variables from IPAQ short and long version.

They are available in my profile:

Long version tool ->

Short version tool ->

I hope they are useful for you.

Best.

Digestive enzymes are extracted from animals,plants and microorganisms. Pancreatic enzymes for digestion are extracted in the Middle East from Camel, Cattle and Cheeps.Also yeasts are an important sources in our country as a source of huge enzymes.Lactic acid bacteria are used as lactase source for treatment of lactose-intolerant people.

Tom's excellent answer above references the seminal Myers 2002 paper - and 1 MET (3.5ml/kg/min) has become commonly used (by me too!). However, reviewing this topic recently, I came across a surprising number of papers that report much lower differences that are still associated with improvements in hard outcomes (e.g. survival). How about this one: a difference of only 0.4ml/kg/min or 6% increase in VO2 max over three months improved outcome (composite primary endpoint of time to all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalization) by 5%! See the HF-ACTION heart failure trial: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732187/ . Perhaps we need to lower our minimum important difference for VO2 max to 1 ml, which would have major implications for powering future studies..........

Я считаю, что такие исследования очень необходимы именно в журналах по спортивной медицине

Excellent discussion.

Keep an eye out for the following:

1/ Generally, predatory journals will use overly flattering language to solicit you to submit a manuscript with the promise of "quick" publication. They usually do not mention fees in the initial soliciting message. The mention of fees also will not be easily found on their websites. Legitimate journals should (and typically) have their fees explicitly listed on the submissions page. Also check the contact information provided by whomever contacts you (see item 3 below).

2/ The editorial staff should be easy to find. Who are they? What institutions are they affiliated with? Whom exactly are you contacting when you have a question? You should be able to easily see this, along with their personal and institutional information should you want to do a simple Google search.

3/ Out of curiosity, I've gone as far as doing a Google search for the address of a publisher that raised a red flag, and it appeared to be a random dockside warehouse. If they do give contact information, make sure to check it.

4/Their websites may look dated, or may have other suspicious content. I have never seen a publisher's website with "pleased customer" comments on it(??). This is not lunch at a fish and chips joint.

Again, these may not be enough to blacklist any journal per se. When in doubt, ask your institution's library staff or a colleague to help you verify. This latter point is further emphasized if research counts toward upward movement in your institution, as the relevant committee may check the legitimacy of this journal and the publication may not count.

Cheers.

Dear Wei Hongwen ,

Be careful with this one. The mentioned journal “Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Open Access Journal (OSMOAJ)” is published by “Lupine Publishers” and this publisher is mentioned in the update section of the Beall’s list of potential predatory publishers:

This is by itself not enough to say that it is not okay, see for discussions about how to estimate the value of the Beall’s list elsewhere here on RG:

Method Predatory journals and publishers: a menace to science and s...

There are however some additional red flags:

-Prominent fake impact factor (Cosmos Impact factor), see for more about fake metrics:

-No mentioning of indexing in Scopus or ESCI. Their indexing info includes numerous meaningless memberships.

-Without serious indexing, rather high fees

A journal like "Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM)" from SAGE is a way safer choice (with a real impact factor and more) with a lower fee as well.

Hope this answers your question somewhat.

Best regards.

It is reported that there are many "RR type" players in measurement items that require instantaneous power such as back muscle strength and long jump.

There is definitely a lack of norms for the yo-yo tests. I have created some general guidelines which are not based on any research,

for the YYIR1: https://www.theyoyotest.com/norms-yyir1.htm

and the YYIR2: https://www.theyoyotest.com/norms-yyir2.htm

If you want to see a good summary of results (means, sd and ranges) from a large range of sports, see the recent study by Schmitz et al. (2018)

Schmitz B, Pfeifer C, Kreitz K, Borowski M, Faldum A, Brand SM. (2018) The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results. Front Physiol. Jul 5;9:87.

Prevention is better than cure, furthermore if observations are made on perturbation behaviour then agility based movements ought not give rise to injuries. The risks of injury in exercise and in sport can be perceived as both external (environment) and internal (the self) hence judgement knowledge applied to training offers better decision-making. The tackle in all codes of football becomes a matter of evaluating ones organisational skills, that is the player who controls the ball out plays his/her opponent (opposition rapport).@

Dear Ahmed,

Subjects in this older study had to perform at least a maximum of aerobic power output (VO2 max) at a stationary bicycle ergometer:

All the best, Martin

Dear Seyyed,

Maybe the following papers will help you:

Qian S, Li M, Li G, Liu K, Li B, Jiang Q, Li L, Yang Z, Sun G. Environmental heat stress enhances mental fatigue during sustained attention task performing: evidence from an ASL perfusion study. Behav Brain Res 2015;280:6-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432814007724?via%3Dihub

Otani H, Kaya M, Tamaki A, Watson P. Separate and combined effects of exposure to heat stress and mental fatigue on endurance exercise capacity in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017;117(1):119-129. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00421-016-3504-x

Robertson CV, Marino FE. Cerebral responses to exercise and the influence of heat stress in human fatigue. J Therm Biol 2017;63:10-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456516301668?via%3Dihub

Best wishes from Germany,

Martin

Immortality ??? You gotta be kidding ! Look around ! There's no such thing in nature. Immortality, fountain of youth, super food, etc are all just examples of how superficial and greedy humans are. We want everything even though what we really need is not much at all. All we need is just simple common sense. How come nobody has ever done research or come up with something that will change our bad behavior towards one another ? Nobody has ever figured out or found the molecules of "love" or "hate" so we can make more "love" molecules and let the T cells eat up all the "hate" molecules. Wouldn't that be great? Then, we can live forever if we can get rid of hate. I welcome all of the medical achievements to make human suffering less, but "immortality" will not accomplish that.

Hi I have a longish paper on this coming out in the next few month in the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: it's called:Therapeutic Use Exemptions and the Doctrine of Double Effect.  The anwer isn't nearly as simple as other answers suggest. it depends on the role of intentions in both the morality of, and the regualtion of doping.  There's a signiificant tension between Wada's approach to TUEs and the principle of strict liability.  The two are inconsistent.  I favour an approach which takes account of intentions - as is common in most moral theory and most jurisprudence.  

The previous author already said ....

there is a mechanical association....

however it becomes relevant when there is a predisposing  factor like altered bio mechanics / .....

Dear Terry,

Here are further studies on the subject:

Valentin-Gudiol M, Bagur-Calafat C, Girabent-Farrés M, Hadders-Algra M, Mattern-Baxter K, Angulo-Barroso R. Treadmill interventions with partial body weight support in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay: a report of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2013;49(1):67-91. http://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/europa-medicophysica/article.php?cod=R33Y2013N01A0067

Ribeiro T, Britto H, Oliveira D, Silva E, Galvão E, Lindquist A. Effects of treadmill training with partial body weight support and the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method on hemiparetic gait: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2013;49(4):451-61. http://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/europa-medicophysica/article.php?cod=R33Y2013N04A0451

Van Kammen K, Boonstra A, Reinders-Messelink H, den Otter R. The combined effects of body weight support and gait speed on gait related muscle activity: a comparison between walking in the Lokomat exoskeleton and regular treadmill walking. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107323. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167325/pdf/pone.0107323.pdf

Brasileiro A, Gama G, Trigueiro L, Ribeiro T, Silva E, Galvão É, Lindquist A. Influence of visual and auditory biofeedback on partial body weight support treadmill training of individuals with chronic hemiparesis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;51(1):49-58. http://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/europa-medicophysica/article.php?cod=R33Y2015N01A0049

Ganesan M, Sathyaprabha TN, Pal PK, Gupta A. Partial Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Impact on Gait and Clinical Manifestation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(9):1557-65. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277238525_Partial_Body_Weight-Supported_Treadmill_Training_in_Patients_With_Parkinson_Disease_Impact_on_Gait_and_Clinical_Manifestation

Swe NN, Sendhilnnathan S, van Den Berg M, Barr C. Over ground walking and body weight supported walking improve mobility equally in cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2015;29(11):1108-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271648447_Over_ground_walking_and_body_weight_supported_walking_improve_mobility_equally_in_cerebral_palsy_A_randomised_controlled_trial

Best wishes from Germany,

Martin

The best one I have found for my patients with a symes amp is the flex symes prosthesis from Ossur.  Here is the info:

Proprioception of the ankle could be better targeted by applying specific unstable destabilisation. You'll maybe find some articles with R.TERRIER and N.Forestier as top author, and the links attached below. For other articulation like knee or hip i'am not sure ! It appears that destabilisation on unstable surface did not target ankle proprioception kiers-brumagne 2012

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Interesting. Look at propioceptive aspects

no comment

Please let me know if this citation (and reference below) is useful to you.

“Why joints pop

Like nearly all the joints in your body, the knee joint is covered by a protective membrane containing synovial fluid. This fluid lubricates the joint, allowing it to move smoothly and easily.

Occasionally, tiny gas bubbles build up in this fluid. When the joint moves, the bubbles are released, causing the nearby ligaments to emit a snap or pop sound. The technical term for this phenomenon is crepitus, which also describes all grinding or crackling sounds and sensations in the body.

When to be concerned about joints popping

Most of the time, this popping and creaking of joints is harmless. However, crepitus is also a symptom of the joint degeneration that leads to osteoarthritis.

 You should worry about joint popping if:

•It's occurring frequently in one location

•It's accompanied by pain

•It's accompanied by joint swelling, tenderness, or stiffness

•You're also having pain as a result of prolonged joint movement, such as when walking

If you're experiencing pain when a joint pops or you have any other of the symptoms listed above, talk with your doctor. If your symptoms and test results indicate it, your doctor may diagnose osteoarthritis and start treatment. Treatments for osteoarthritis can ease pain, improve mobility, and slow disease progression—especially if it's caught early.”

Reference:

Dennis

Dennis Mazur

Hi

what do you mean

other than

VO2, VE and respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

Evans procedure was modified 20 years ago by Mosca and we can compare this osteotomy with Salter osteotomy due at the hip joint. After the lengthening of the external ray the coverage of the talus head increase by correcting the abduction of the forefoot.  To be efficient is important to have enough bone that means that exist age limit. I think 9 years old is ok to start this osteotomy if we treat a child with spastic disease. For idiopathic planus valgus is better to use this osteotomy after 12 years old at girls and 13 years old at boys.

@Benedikt Mitter  It's true that is not specified if it is either dynamic or static stretching, my bad i'm sorry i dont know why i suposed it. And about the velocity studies i mentioned i think is quite interesting the fact that such a non linear exercise as the pull up provides such similar results as the ones with the smith machine. However I'm really looking forward to see what results you guys get as I really hope that velocity based training  becomes to norm, provably due to my engeneering self wanting a physical magnitude to work with everyday.

Thank you for responding and i wish you the best luck with the participants and i hope noone drops :)

dear friend

the fil  in the attachment can be a good help of you. If more help needed, let me know.

regards

It is usual for tall athletes to concentrate in some kind of sports when shorter to others. For example we will not see a weight lifter to be a tall person. All this is based on the biomechanics of the limbs and the moment arms that forces are applied on. Because of this different somatotypes are performing better in some sports than others. Despite this by working with every athlete as an individual someone can improve performances and eliminate weaknesses. From the literature point of view, there are few books on biomechanics of the musculosceletal and also the Kapanji's three books. Andrew Amis has studied the forces around the elbow that I am aware of and there are papers for this. About elbow forces again there is also an old report coming from the aviation (early '50s if I recall). There is a lot of work on knees as well as spine.

There is a high correlation between the legs to height. but there are other factors that also affect the balance of the body. Remember the principle of balance! muscle and ligament strength, density tulaang also influential. in this case the height (leg length also contributes to balance. So high it would be unstable (but check out, if a tall, thin or muscular?), when a tall, thin it will be more volatile and more increases the risk of injury, but if the height is great , muscles strong, broad pedestal base, it will be stable and less risk of injury.

have not done. in the near future I will try. thank you!

The working capacity may be defined as the physical and mental ability to receive specific workload optimally. certainly influenced by the health and ability of workers themselves, as well as nutritional status, education and training. if this is not met then it is not likely to affect the decline in the quality and quantity of work, behavior, and worse is a medical disorder.

the ability to organize the resources of a person or a business entity, called capability. This also relates to the ability to support physiological and psychological health and safety of workers in an enterprise or organization.

I have that. We worked out with quite a few OA patients of different age groups, and the Malay version was created accordingly for the benefit of those who can't communicate in English.

Hi Ciaran, we used this protocol with T&F when I was a student at the AIS.  Maybe check some of Philo Saunder's papers on running economy. eg: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17149987

Hi Patrick. I believe there is this dataset avaliable, but not so easy. I have published a paper about that ( you can download it in my profiile). Besides this article published about resting metabolic rate in young men I have another data collected with elderly men with this subject (not published yet).

I hope I had helped you!

Raul

Dear Barbara

In qPCR Cq-Ct-Cp values > 35 for detection are not very informative, specially if you did preamplification step. If thats the case a technical individual replicate for those samples will be required (if you want to do a qualitave analysis).

This question is addressed by Anis very well:

"The effects of eccentric training on lower limb flexibility: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2012 Sep;46(12):838-45"

All the answers are helpful, and I am agree with those. But you have to look to your available facilities and the available budget. Then based on it can choose the most accurate.

Hi Charlie!

I have found some related articles to your question:

and attached files.

Best regards,

Tim.

Thanks for your help!

Very useful for me too! 

Thank you very much

Thanks everyone for you kindness...!

Dear Daphne,

You've asked some interesting questions. I wonder if "time spending outside" is synonymous with outdoor activities, out in the nature, physical activities, and exercises.

These links may be of interest to you.

A quite comprehensive summary of factors influencing muscle strength by Jonathan Folland: http://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004

Hi

Usually MRI images are considered for meniscus implant sizing for better precision. These articles may help you,

Thanks and regards,

Mamatha

Hi Michael,

In sport performance research we face similar questions, although they are related to quantifying the workload/training load of an exercise. A cheap and easy to use approach is to calculate the workload by the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) method. It works as follows:

1. The individual rates the intensity of the exercise on a scale from 1-10 (see the attached research paper for the scale).

2. This score is then multiplied by the duration of the exercise.

Example:

The exercise is rated as heavy (score 5) and the duration is 45 minutes, yielding a workload score of: 5*45 = 225 arbitrary units. In this way you can compare different physical activities.

It is a subjective measure of the workload, but depending on what you want to use it for, it may be appropriate. It has been extensively validated against measures of internal load (e.g. heart rate, lactate) and external load (e.g. distance). If you have more questions, then please let me know!

Hi Matias,

I think you should find some data in these articles.

I Hope this will help you.

I do chevron mostly, sometoimes with a very long plantar cut (similar to scarf);  akin just as needed. If the TMT1 is instable, I fuse it. Otherwise the foot biomechanic is altered and a stiff gait results, pushing arthrosis.

Hyperbaric chamber, Lactigo carnosine gel, tissue work

It depends on at what stage the tendinopathy was at before treatment, sometimes it returns to look ultrasonically normal; before that the gaps of hypoechogenicity first change to spots then stripes -like normal tendon (in a longitudinal view).  If it was degenerative tendinopathy then sometimes its just the volume of the hypoechogenicity which decreases

I think you would not find on curling. But nothing prevents you from seeking other similar work areas curling. As carleur who always work knee flexed. It will be in the occupational disease.

I usually prepare the skin as follow:

- Shave the hair with a blade razor

- Abrasion with a dermic sand (smooth sand) to remove the dead cells from epidermis (Cornea)

- Clean with an alcohol wipe and let the skin dry

- Apply a pre-gelled Ag-Cl electrodes and wait about 3 to 5 minutes before collecting EMG data

And it works very well.

Marcelo,

My project for my Masters dealt with peroneus longus reflex response to sudden ankle inversion under 2 overlapping conditions of cognitive information, anticipation and cognitive loading. We are still waiting for the manuscript to be accepted, but if you send me a message, I would be happy to show you some of the data. I know this is a static task, and not really a dynamic or unstable surface in terms of maintaining stance balance, but hopefully my results can inform you.

I identified a trend suggesting that the later components of the stretch reflex, believed to have more cortical control, were more affected when a more difficult cognitive task was added. While not a strong trend, this may suggest that at minimum our protective strategies for balance recovery stay intact under a cognitive load, but your proposed study will hopefully add to this growing field. 

Additionally, this may help you, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Mar;40(3):180-7 - not healthy participants, but they utilized a biodex stability platform and manipulated surface stability.

Regards,

Physical activity, ethnicity and cardio-metabolic health: Does one size fit all?

Jason M.R. Gilla, , , Carlos A. Celis-Moralesb, Nazim Ghouria

this article will help you, unfortunately we don't have data collectively for asian population

Hi Bas

Thanks so much

Dear Patrick,

this link might be useful: http://www.sedentarybehaviour.org/sedentary-behaviour-questionnaires/

However, as far as I am aware, validity of the previously mentioned questionnaires (GPAQ, IPAQ) has only been demonstrated for physical activity and not (extensively) for sedentary behaviour. For example, the IPAQ has only two questions addressing sitting time (none for overall sedentary behaviour), with one item asking for time spent sitting during the last seven days on a weekday and another asking for sitting time on a weekend day (each in hours and minutes). From my point of view, data from those questions are, at best, questionable.

Hence, I strongly agree with Dieter on the objective measurement of sedentary behaviour to take the risk of recall bias (and social desirability to a certain degree) out of the assessment. The papers attached might be of help in your decision which method may yield the appropriate data to answer your research question.

Bests,

Carsten

Several studies suggest that when subjects mentally rehearse or execute a familiar action, they engage similar neural and cognitive operations. Here, we examined whether muscle fatigue could influence mental movements. Participants mentally and actually performed a sequence of vertical arm movements (rotation around the shoulder joint) before and after a fatiguing exercise involving the right arm. We found similar durations for actual and mental movements before fatigue, but significant temporal discrepancies after fatigue. Specifically, mental simulation was accelerated immediately after fatigue, while the opposite was observed for actual execution. Furthermore, actual movements showed faster adaptation (i.e., return to prefatigue values) than mental movements. The EMG analysis showed that postfatigue participants programmed larger, compared to prefatigue, neural drives. Therefore, immediately after fatigue, the forward model received dramatically greater efferent copies and predicted faster, compared to prefatigue, arm movements. During actual movements, the discrepancy between estimated (forward model output) and actual state (sensory feedback) of the arm guided motor adaptation; i.e., durations returned rapidly to prefatigue values. Since during mental movements there is no sensory information and state estimation derives from the forward model alone, mental durations remained faster after fatigue and their adaptation was longer than those of actual movements. This effect was specific to the fatigued arm because actual and mental movements of the left nonfatigued arm were unaffected. The current results underline the interdependence of motor and cognitive states and suggest that mental actions integrate the current state of the motor system.

In my opinion exercises imrove blood supply and muscle strength actively, while heat packs do so in a passive way. So I prefer active exercises.

A recent paper in Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise gave very good detail regarding the ultrasound settings as well as the calculations they performed including pennation angle.

Timmins, RG, Ruddy, JD, Presland, J, Maniar, N, Shield, AJ, Williams, MD, Opar, DA (2016) Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training. Med Sci Sport Exer, 48(3): 499 - 508.