Science topic
Spiders - Science topic
Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the largest order of arachnids, with approximately 37,000 species having been described. The majority of spiders are harmless, although some species can be regarded as moderately harmful since their bites can lead to quite severe local symptoms. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p508; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, pp424-430)
Publications related to Spiders (10,000)
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The Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 is an iconic Australian species and considered among the most dangerously venomous spiders for humans. Originally described in 1877 from a single specimen collected in “New Holland”, this spider has a complex taxonomic history. The most recent morphological revision of funnel-we...
Studies using the Approach/Avoidance Task (AAT) paradigm have demonstrated that individuals with heightened levels of spider-fear, as compared to lower levels of spider-fear, are characterised by biased action tendencies, indicated by speeded completion of movements that increase apparent distance between spider-stimuli and themselves (push movemen...
Urbanization as a major driver of global change modifies biodiversity patterns and the abundance and interactions among species or functional species groups. For example, urbanization can negatively impact both predator–prey and mutualistic relationships. However, empirical studies on how urbanization modifies biotic, particularly multitrophic, int...
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the structural and biophysical properties of the wild-type antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I, isolated from the venom of the spider Lycosa erythrognatha, and its analog LyeTx I-b, designed to enhance antibacterial activity, selectivity, and membrane interactions by the acetylation and increased amphipathic...
The discovery of novel cytotoxic drugs is of paramount importance in contemporary medical research, particularly in the search for treatments with fewer side effects and higher specificity. Antimicrobial peptides are an interesting class of molecules for this endeavor. In this context, the LyeTx III, a new peptide extracted from the venom of the Ly...
Forest restoration often involves monitoring programmes to determine whether biodiversity levels and ecosystem services have changed over time. This study investigated changes in ground-hunting spider communities (families Ctenidae, Lycosidae and Zodariidae) in an actively restored forest, an unrestored gravel mine, and two alternative land-use typ...
Background
Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for cognitive functions, including attention, memory, and sociability, is essential for maintaining synaptic integrity. Deficits in acetylcholine levels are linked to cognitive impairments. Heterozygous VAChT KD (VAChT KDHET) mice, characterized by reduced vesicular acetylcholine transporter pro...
Copulation is essential for transferring sperm from males to females in most animals. During copulation, males and females are often static and thus prone to predation or other threats. Its duration should therefore be reduced to minimize costs but sufficient to ensure the fertilization of eggs. Here, we investigated reproductive behavior and succe...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted substantial interest because of its diverse applications. In the agriculture sector, automated methods for detecting plant diseases offer numerous advantages over traditional methods. In the current study, a new model is developed to categorize plant diseases within an IoT network. The IoT network...
In this paper, based on bionics, a flexible multi-band antenna is designed to mimic the structure of a spider’s web, which supports various communication standards such as 4G, 5G, and GPS. The antenna lays out multiple loop branches in a limited space to achieve wideband operations from 1.31 GHz to 2 GHz (42.4%), from 3.4 GHz to 4 GHz (16.2%), and...
Memory reconsolidation interventions offer an exciting alternative to exposure treatment because they may target fear memories directly, thereby preventing relapse. A previous reconsolidation intervention for spider fear abruptly reduced avoidance behaviour, whereas changes in self-reported fear followed later. In this pre-registered placebo-contro...
In response to climate change, a northward range expansion has been observed in many species. The wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi, has expanded from its historic range in the Mediterranean ("core"), now reaching as far as the Baltic States and Scandinavia ("edge"), even faster than the pace of climate change. We explored life history traits, adult...
Arthropods play key roles in ecosystems as pollinators or as food resources for many birds. The decline in arthropods in farmland due to agricultural intensification is related to negative population trends in farmland birds. Semi‐natural areas such as fallow land are valuable habitats for arthropod communities in farmland, but the potential of the...
Physiological or genetic assays and computational modeling are valuable tools for understanding animals’ visual discrimination capabilities. Yet sometimes, the results generated by these methods appear not to jive with other aspects of an animal’s appearance or natural history, and behavioral confirmatory tests are warranted. Here we examine the pe...
Riparian ecosystems harbour unique biodiversity because of their close interconnections with adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how aquatic ecosystems influence terrestrial biodiversity over different spatial scales is poorly understood, particularly in the tropics. We conducted field campaigns to collect 235 terrestrial invertebrate assemblages alo...
Spider silk is renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties, combining low density with high tensile strength and high extensibility and thus very high toughness modulus (t., i.e., dissipated energy per unit mass). However, the potential toughness of spider silk can be significantly enhanced if spiders evolved the ‐currently absent/undiscover...
The manipulator actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) is a widely used type of robotic arm in industrial automation. However, its performance can be limited by non-linear dynamics and uncertainties in the system. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a synergetic control strategy (SACT) to improve the performance of the SACT,...
In this study, we performed a comparative analysis based on a total of 255 spider mitogenomes and four outgroups, of which the mitogenomes of 39 species were assembled de novo, to explore the phylogenetic relationships and the adaptive evolution of mitogenomes. Results showed that Argyroneta aquatica had the longest mitochondrial length and the mos...
The orb-weaver spider genus Yaginumia Archer, 1960 from China is revised, and three species, including two new species, are recognized: Y. medog Mi & Wang, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Xizang and Y. qiong Mi & Wang, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hainan; the type species, Y. sia (Strand, 1906) (♂♀), is redescribed based on specimens from Guizhou and Hubei. A distributio...
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in hospital settings, and early diagnosis is a crucial challenge to improve clinical outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a valuable resource to address this challenge, with numerous investigations exploring its application to predict and diagnose sepsis early, as well as personalizi...
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a widespread environmental contaminant that can have adverse effects on the health of vertebrate wildlife. This study focused on diets and MeHg contamination of nestling red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) from a wetland in north Texas, USA. In previous research at the study site, a risk assessment model suggested t...
The description and test results of a quite simple and yet universal integrated method for quantifying the state of ecosystems and the degree of negative impact on them by industrial facilities based on biodiversity parameters are presented. The approach is based on the normalisation of diversity parameters of indicator groups of animals and plants...
The sense of smell is a central sensory modality of most terrestrial species. However, our knowledge of olfaction is based on vertebrates and insects. In contrast, little is known about the chemosensory world of spiders and nothing about how they perform olfaction despite their important ecological role. The orb-weaving spider Argiope bruennichi le...
The mesnidoviruses are positive single-stranded viruses belonging to the order Nidovirales . They were mostly found in mosquitoes, and represent a link from small to large nidoviruses. In this study, we report 18 newly discovered nidoviruses in TSA database, most of them are from spiders (Order Arachnida ). After reassembly, we got 9 nearly complet...
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a heterogenous family of proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification, playing a crucial role in the adaptation of organisms to varying conditions of metal bioavailability across ecosystems. Despite their significance, MT characterization across animal groups remains uneven. While MTs have been extensively st...
Aim
Globally, arthropod biodiversity is under threat, with increased risk of species‐level extinctions, and this threat is particularly acute on oceanic islands. A fundamental first step towards understanding extinction risk is to understand genetic connectivity among the constituent populations of a species. Our aim is to develop and implement a p...
This study investigates the coxosternal or ventral sternal region, in scorpions and spiders. We collected 10 specimens of Scorpions from provinces Baghdad in region Abo Kreab and Salahuddin provinces in Tikrit then 7 specimens of Spiders were collected from variant regions in provinces Baghdad and various genera and families were collected and proc...
Remanufacturing mechanical components via reverse engineering and 3D printing is a promising alternative for sustainable manufacturing and prolonging part lifecycles. Selecting the right scanning method for reverse engineering is pivotal for ensuring remanufacturing accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This research proposes a pilot framew...
Background
Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970 comprises 68 species, distributed in Japan (28), Korea (31) and southeast of China (9). This genus has not been recorded in the north-eastern part of China.
New information
A new species: Falcileptoneta taoqii sp. nov. (♂♀) are reported from Jilin Province, China. This is also the first record of Leptonetida...
A remarkable new species of Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871, is described from Colombia, Acanthoscurria armasi sp. nov., representing the first published record of the genus from this country. New insights into palpal bulb morphology and biogeography of the newly-proposed theraphosoides species-group are provided.
Background
The genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901 previously included 25 known species and one subspecies from Asia, 12 species and one subspecies were reported in China.
New information
Five new species of Latouchia Pocock, 1901 from southern China are described: L. calcicola sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hainan, L. jinyun sp. nov. (♂♀) from Chongqing, L. linmufu...
During the spring of 2019, 187 spider species were collected and identified from the north of Greece, in the regional units of Chalkidiki, Serres and Thessaloniki of the administrative region of Central Macedonia. A list of collected species is given. Siwa dufouri (Simon, 1874), Improphantes turok Tanasevitch, 2011, Phrurolithus nigrinus (Simon, 18...
Chirp of a cricket or drone of cicadas indicate the arrival of summer, a way in which we are bound to nature through insects. Insects are musicians creating a coherent sound containing melodic and harmonic content, and instrumentalists making sound through the use of specialized body parts but are not vocalists that produce sound with a larynx. Mem...
In this article, the arthropod predators and parasitoids of 8 species of Sitobion Mordvilko, 1914 (Aphididae: Hemiptera) are catalogued along with their prey/host aphids and their host plants distributed in different states and union territories of India. Most common species are Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775), Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi, 1921...
RESUMEN
Son conocidas para el mar Caribe 22 especies de cangrejos de la familia Inachoididae. Elanálisis de material proveniente de las capturas incidentales de la pesquería de camarón enla ensenada de La Guardia, isla de Margarita, Venezuela, reveló la presencia de la especiePaulita tuberculata. Este registro representa una adición a la carcinofau...
In Algeria, spiders are poorly known arthropods, and sufficient information is still lacking regarding their biodiversity. This study contributes to the understanding of spiders in northeastern Algeria, focusing on their biodiversity. The spiders were collected from three different habitats (Cork oak forest, Kermes oak forest, and Algerian oak fore...
The article enlists the predators and parasitoids of 4 species of Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1854 (Aphididae: Hemiptera) along with their preys, host plants and their distribution in different states and union territories of India. These are the corn aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), the waterlily aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761),...
Abstract The coexistence of spiders in the Central European floodplains of the Danube River was assessed at 18 study sites (more than 43,000 individuals identified). Environmental conditions, i.e. groundwater level, flood regime, vegetation and tree shading, were defined as the main factors. The presence or absence of flooding and the depth of the...
Latar belakang: Sirosis hepatis penyebab kematian ke-11 diseluruh dunia dan penyebab ke-15 morbiditas diseluruh dunia. Penyebab utama sirosis hepatis adalah hepatitis B dan hepatitis C. Angka kejadian sirosis hepatis di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan akibat hepatitis B berkisar antara 21,2-46,9% dan hepatitis C berkisar 38,7-73,9%. Tujuan: Untuk m...
The goblin spider Orchestina manicata Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Oonopidae) has remained taxonomically unrevised and has not been phylogenetically placed until now. In this study, O. manicata is redescribed based on newly collected specimens from Sri Lanka. The habitus and genital morphology of both males and females are illustrated and described, with...
This paper explores the potential of using the spiderweb
metaphor to support educational programs on awareness of human
trafficking. The methods of conceptual analysis and empirical studies
showed how the metaphor can shape students’ perceptions of human
trafficking. The results of the experiments with 60 undergraduates reveal
that texts deliberate...
Images often suffer from various types of noise during their collection and transmission, such as salt-and-pepper, speckle, and Gaussian noise. The wavelet transform (WT) is widely utilized for denoising. However, the decomposition level and threshold significantly impact the quality of the resulting images, but they are difficult to set. This pape...
New species of Lynx spider, Hamataliwa sagitta sp. nov. is described from Vazhani dam area, a part of Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Detailed morphological description, diagnostic features and illustration of the female of this species is given.
Here we provide a casual observation of egg sac shape, clutch size, and the time of hatching of the spider Euryopis californica Banks, 1904 (Theridiidae).
The aim of this article is to present a series of studies dealing with the term “frame” and different approaches to its analysis in teaching students English political vocabulary with the usage of graphic-visual strategies. In particular, the article touches upon the problem of correlation between the language and the consciousness of a person on t...
The new wolf spider species Wadicosa intermediata sp. n. belongs to W. quadrifera species-group is described based on both sexes collected from Idukki district of Kerala, southern India.
Hirriusa arenacea is a Southern African spider described by Lawrence (1927) as Hirrius arenaceus from Namibia. They are small ground-running spiders frequently encountered in sandy areas on the soil surface. Information on their general morphology, behaviour, and distribution in South Africa, as well as photographs of live specimens, is provided.
The Event and MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition) industry has become increasingly important in the global economy. Bandar Lampung, as one of Indonesia's developing cities, has significant potential to develop this industry. However, the development of the event and MICE industry in this city remains underexplored and not fully optimi...
Kesepian merupakan pengalaman subjektif yang umum dialami pada masa transisi dewasa awal (18-30 tahun), khususnya saat peralihan dari sekolah menengah ke pendidikan tinggi atau dunia kerja. Fenomena ini muncul ketika interaksi sosial atau hubungan seseorang tidak sesuai harapan, menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dan tekanan emosional. Tinjauan sistematis...
Se estudiaron las relaciones interespecíficas en torno a una agregación reproductiva de la avispa solitaria Stenancistrocerus hispanicus en Murcia (SE de España) entre 2022 y 2024. De todas ellas, destaca el cleptoparasitismo que llevaron a cabo las hormigas Tetramorium semilaeve y Aphaenogaster iberica sobre las presas (larvas de curculióni-do) al...
Spiders play an important role in ecological balance and are considered to be the ecological indicators. Seasonal Diversity of Spider fauna was carried out in selected areas of Kollam district at Southern Kerala during Pre-monsoon, Monsoon and Post-Monsoon in 2024. Under the Order Araneae, a total of 53species belonging to 17 families namely Aranei...
Suemus punctatus Lawrence, 1938, is known from Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. They are free-living plant dwellers found on grasses and occasionally on shrubs. Their movements are erratic, and using their claw tufts and scopu-lae, they can move about swiftly on the vegetation. Information on their general morphology, behaviour, an...
Background
Hersilia Audouin, 1826 is the largest genus of the Hersiliidae Thorell, 1869, currently including 80 extant species that are widespread throughout most of forests of the Tropical realm. The tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna is one of the most biodiversity-rich regions in China. However, Hersilia can be regarded as being poorly represe...
Se reporta por primera vez para México a la especie Falconina gracilis (Keyserling, 1891) perteneciente a la familia Corinnidae. Esta araña, previamente registrada en Sudamérica y algunas regiones de Estados Unidos, fue encontrada en una zona urbana del municipio de Salvatierra, Guanajuato, México. Este nuevo hallazgo amplía el rango de distribució...
The available data shows that Egypt has not conducted a thorough investigation into insect pests that impact quinoa. The main objective of this study was to identify and categorize insects and other natural enemies of quinoa in the Fayum Government. In four categories-insect pests, other pests, insect natural enemies, and spider natural enemies-a v...
Zodariids are wandering spiders, and important components of the ground-dwelling spider assemblage in South Africa. The family is known from 90 genera and 1298 species (World Spider Catalog, 2024) and 22 genera and 97 species are listed from South Africa. However, species of three more genera Mallinella, Mastidiores and Microdiores still need to be...
Eight species of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 are described; Heteropoda bufocorniculans spec. nov. (Sabah, Sarawak; female), H. sederhana spec. nov. (Java; female), H. temburong spec. nov. (Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak; male, female), H. trifurcata spec. nov. (Pahang State, Malaysia; male, female), H. tutula spec. nov. (Singapore;...
The Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve is a unique location, which is an area of posttechnogenic habitat restoration, including the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, where comprehensive surveys of insect diversity have not yet been conducted. The communities of bees, sand wasps, and crabronids represent different functional groups in ecos...
Miscellaneous notes on the nomenclature of spiders are presented, resultant are: 6 new synonymies; 7 subspecies raised to, and 2 restored to, species level; 40 taxa are proposed as nomina dubia; 1 subspecies is declared a subspecies inquirenda, and 112 species described based on juvenile type material are proposed as species inquirendae.
The snouted harvester termite ( Trinervitermes trinervoides (Sjöstedt, 1911)) is a widespread grass-eating termite species that constructs thermoregulated dome-shaped mounds. However, little is known about the influence of these mounds on the arthropod assemblage structure in the surrounding grassland matrix, and whether the mounds represent ecolog...
Lemongrass and agarwood are potential forest herbal tea products which need to be further explored based on research and development schemes. The purpose of this research is to conduct a sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale and different statistical approaches on mixed lemongrass beverages and agarwood infusion. Four treatments are used...
This work aims to digitize and disseminate knowledge on historical specimens of Malagasy lycosids, as a foundation for future researchers intending to undertake a comprehensive review of this fauna. The types of Arctosa atroventrosa (Lenz, 1886), Geolycosa nossibeensis (Strand, 1907), Hippasosa fera (Strand, 1907), and Trochosa urbana hova Strand,...
The stone huntsman spider Eusparassus schoemanae Moradmand, 2013 an endemic Southern Africa species is discussed. The general morphology of the species is discussed, and photographs of live specimens are provided. Notes on their behaviour, distribution in Southern Africa, and conservation status and threats are provided.
Species expand their spatial distribution when environmental conditions are favorable or when mutations arise that allow them to live in previously unfavorable conditions. The European wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi , is known to have expanded its range poleward faster than climate change would predict. Northern edge populations show higher cold t...
Records of the spider Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 from South Africa are presented. The general morphology of live specimens is discussed, and photographs are provided, with notes on their behaviour and distribution.
Spiders are a significant predatory group across many agricultural crop systems. In Egypt, pomegranate is one of the most considerable fruit crops. Unfortunately, pomegranate fruits are attacked by a range of insect pests. These pests reduce the quality and marketing of pomegranate fruits. So, the present study focuses on identifying true spiders i...
Rain gardens have emerged as an alternative in stormwater management through infiltration and retention of precipitation on-site. The current literature shows a lack of studies evaluating the vegetation development processes in rain gardens and plant species exhibit better adaptation to the system, especially in tropical climate regions. In this co...
Animal Phylogeny Posters (AnimalPP): List of all titles in the educational animal posters series (as of Dec. 28, 2024) with hyperlinks to each poster on ResearchGate. * click on a language to open the corresponding page of the poster on ResearchGate from where it can be downloaded. Currently available: ARANEAE (spiders), HEXAPODA (insects, springta...
Given an entire function $f_0$ with finitely many singular values, one can construct a quasiregular function $f$ by post-composing $f_0$ with a quasiconformal map equal to identity on some open set $U\ni\infty$. It might happen that the $f$-orbits of all singular values of $f$ are eventually contained in $U$. The goal of this article is to investig...
