Spectrum - Science topic

The work of a social worker regarding the inclusion of children on the autism spectrum in school life generally involves creating a social history for the child entering the school, with the aim of improving their daily life quality and resolving any social conflicts that may arise in this context, always in collaboration with their family. The question I pose is how a social work professional should act when the school the child is to be enrolled in lacks the resources to facilitate this inclusion.

Which emerging enabling technique—be it advanced cooperative sensing, adaptive learning in CR, or innovative trading models—holds the greatest promise for next-generation spectrum sharing in 5G/6G networks?

#SpectrumSharing #CognitiveRadio #WirelessResearch #DynamicSpectrumAccess #TelecomInnovation #AcademicResearch

Hello Dear Researcher

As mobile data demand surges with 5G/6G evolution, traditional exclusive spectrum allocation is becoming impractical. This question invites interdisciplinary insights on merging advanced AI techniques—such as real-time interference management and dynamic allocation—with regulatory reforms. It seeks contributions that address technical hurdles and propose novel frameworks, fostering a collaborative dialogue among researchers in wireless communications, AI, and telecom policy.

Further What are the primary technical and policy challenges, and which innovative strategies can address these issues while ensuring minimal interference and optimal Quality of Service?

What are the limitations of plant cell culture systems in replicating the full spectrum of secondary metabolites found in whole plants?

Hi, I'm evaluating the biological activity of a plant extract and in the HPLC analysis we found a compound with a peculiar UV spectrum. I still need to do chromatography tests to purify the compound and do an NMR, but does anyone have any idea what compound it could be? It has a peak at 222 and a double peak at 280.

i got a spectrum and the intensity goes up 2 ( in fact : 3.5 ) is it possible to report it ?

I'm currently using the LUMOS II FTIR microscope to analyze the chemical composition of microplastic particles. But recently, I keep getting the same spectrum (see image), whether on different particles of my sample or on the nylon plate. Do you have any idea of the underlying problem?

what could be the reason that Noise only appears only in Ultravoilet (Uv spectrum) ?

These topics Luck conceptual and qualitatitave principles depth necessary for assesing full spectrum physics understanding thus narrowing the criteria and creating false evaluation

in part of my PhD thesis, I need a hazard spectrum base on the Time-Dependent Models of Earthquake Recurrence. Can you help me where such a spectrum is provided?

I would like to know how following changes in atomic structure of a specific material such as MoTe2 can affect its Raman spectrum?

Introducing vacancies of Te

Doping of Se or S (smaller atomic size) or Po (larger atomic size) instead of some portion of Te

how these changes specifically can change the Raman spectrum of MoTe2?

I appreciate it if any body can answer my question and introduce me a reference book to study more about fundamental of Raman spectrometer which explain interpretation of Raman spectrometer with details and examples.

In modern NMR spectrometers neither field nor frequency is swept. A RF pulse is applied to the sample and the resultant FID is Fourier transformed from the time domain to the FREQUENCY domain so the resultant spectrum give a plot of intensity as a function of FREQUENCY not filed, which has the highest frequency on the left side of the spectrum and the lowest of the right. Indeed the highest frequency peaks have the highest ppm value. Another reason not to use high/low field where the opposite is true. This is the exact opposite of the high/low field designation that was used in around 1960 - 1980 when the field was swept at constant frequency to deliver a continuous wave (CW) spectrum. Use of high/low field terms is an anachronism that identifies the user as an amateur and someone not really knowledgeable in NMR.

These are the structure and IR spectrum of Sodium Deoxycholate. If the peaks between 2800 to 3000 cm⁻¹ are missing in the IR spectrum of this substance, what structural changes in the molecule does it indicate? Secondly, does this structural change affect its function?

Hello everyone：

I am trying to convert each spectrum in my pseudo-2D spectrum into ASCII files. My current approach is: using the "split2d" AU program to split the spectrum into multiple PROCNOs, then manually navigating to each PROCNO and running the "convbinasc" AU program to convert it into an ASCII file. Afterward, I process the data using a Python script. However, this process is somewhat cumbersome. I would like to know if it is possible to rewrite an AU program to automatically perform the step of reading PROCNO and executing "convbin2asc"?

Why is a tangent drawn to determine the optical band gap from a UV-Vis absorption spectrum, and how does it relate to the HOMO-LUMO gap?

Please suggest me.

I ran an NMR of my compound using CDCL3 but the water peak is tall despite drying for a long time using vacuum pump. How can I eliminate the long water peak

Hi,

I am conducting a UV-Vis spectral study on nanoclusters using Gaussian. Can anyone guide me on how to obtain the UV-Vis spectrum plotted as photon energy (eV) versus intensity (a.u.)?

I am performing TD-DFT calculations for this purpose. However, when I plot the graph between photon energy (eV) and intensity (a.u., which is proportional to the oscillator strength), I observe only one prominent peak. The smaller peaks representing different transitions between HOMO and LUMO levels, commonly seen in literature, are absent. ( as shown in Figure 4 of following literature doi.org/10.1002/anie.202410109)

How can I generate a spectrum that clearly shows these distinct smaller peaks corresponding to various transitions? Any guidance or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Dear Friend,

It is well-known that when there is a single emission peak in the PL spectrum, the maximum emission wavelength corresponds to the wavelength of that peak. However, when multiple emission peaks are present, how should the maximum emission wavelength be defined? Should it correspond to the peak with the longest wavelength or the one with the highest emission intensity? Are there any references or literature that support this definition? Additionally, how should this be addressed in the context of absorption spectra?

I look forward to your insights on this matter.

Sincerely

Robin King

Could these smaller peaks be satellite peaks, or might they arise from W–O bonds or other chemical states? How can I accurately distinguish between these possibilities?

Cosmological redshift is a phenomenon in cosmology where the light from distant objects in the universe, such as galaxies, is shifted towards longer wavelengths (toward the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum). This happens because of the expansion of the universe.

As light travels through space, space itself is stretched, causing the wavelengths of light to be stretched as well. HOW?

Im trying to find out how I can most accurately describe my measuring setup as an equivalent circuit. It's a porous carbon electrode measuring a salt solution. I need to accurately fit the upwards curve that occurs at around the 66Hz mark, as it's important for my data analysis. I experimented with 2 CPE's but I can't find an accurate enough solution. From what I have read in the literature that's available to me, it looks very similar to a finite diffusion process. But I dont have a 45 degree angle and neither a 90 degree angle in the lower frequencies. The spectrum is from 1 MHz to 1Hz. The first picture shows the relevant high to mid frequency range, while the second gives a zoomed out look on the whole nyquist plot, both provided with my best Fit using 2 CPEs in series and a parallel circuit of a resistance and capacitor (also in series with the CPEs).

I need interpretation of following attachments

I want to obtain a 241Am energy spectrum from my HPGe detector, but I'm encountering significant noise in this energy range. As a result, the spectrum I’ve generated is quite different from the expected output. I'm using unipolar output for the amplifier, and the pulses observed on the oscilloscope also show noticeable noise, which is more pronounced in the resulting spectrum.

In the posted image, the region around channel 120 displays an additional peak that is higher than the original peak and is not accounted for by the gain settings.

I believe the root of the problem may be inadequate adjustments on the amplifier. But I don't know how to set it up.

In the LIBS experiment, if I want to detect methane gas, how do I know that this is the spectrum of methane without knowing that it's methane gas.

exciton or recombination spectrum

This question is about the XPS quantification of commercial polyurethane foam.

I performed peak fitting of C1s of polyurethane foam. The C at% concentration from the peak fit relative to the regions of other elements, being N1s, O1s and Si2p, is not equal or +/- 1 at% with the value of C1s at% concentration obtained from the survey spectrum.

For example:

C1s at% conc from survey spectrum = 68.55%

C1s at% conc from C1s peak fit (including regions of N, O, Si) = 48.2%

Does this mean that the components making up C1s (peak fit) is wrong?

I am using CasaXPS software.

In LIBS experiments measuring gases, it is not known how to determine whether this is the spectrum of the measured gas, if the type of gas is not known.

I've done this, but the results don't make sense. I want to run it for high Reynolds numbers, like 10000, and eventually calculate the energy spectrum, but the results are not reasonable. Could you help me with this?"

How can I obtain the reflective spectrum in the green wavelength region using a silicon photonic crystal that has been anodized under the following conditions:

Voltage of 10V

Twenty cycles

Cycle period of one second

Minimum current of 1 milliampere I am unsure about the maximum current setting?

Hello,

I am interested in how to calculate the IR spectrum for a real system of molecules, such as octane, using, for example, ORCA? Will the spectrum be composed of conformers and if so, with what weights? How to calculate the spectrum for a mixture of molecules?

Thank you.

I prepared a graphene using Sonication assisted LPG. and this is a raman spectrum for a powder sample of this graphitic material, how can i estimate the number of layers using the 2D band Data?

Te3d and Cr2p have nearly the same binding energy:

Te3d5/2 – 573 eV, Cr2p3/2 – 574 eV

Te3d3/2 – 583 eV, Cr2p1/2 – 583 eV

We have to decide which element is present in a certain system and the XPS spectrum is the only information that we have.

What information in the spectrum will help you decide which element it is?

I have bruker ftir opus series ,i have compared it with other current series and i am trying to update it to improve the manipulation of the ir spectrum,,can i get a guide to do it.

Davenport wind spectrum can calculated through software, but I couldn't understand how it is implemented on a structure through software application. if anybody could enlighten me, it would be a great help.

Hello. I'm currently writing my bachelor thesis on making an electrical model from a sodium-ion battery. I extracted the EIS data using the galvanostatic method with a current from 0.1A and a frequency spectrum from 10mHz to 10kHz. I don't exactly know why my spectrum only contains a semicircle (normally it should contain 2 of them) and how to fix it.

Thanks in advance,

Tuan Kiet Nguyen

In general did the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra reproduces the optical absorption spectrum, or it is different to absorption spectrum

in praat

1 what is the difference between the fundamental frequency -that I get it from the voice report - and the first spectral peak -that I get it from the long term average spectrum -? Do are the same if yes why does  praat give  different values?

2 how can I get High frequency energy HFE of the long term average spectrum? Manually or automatically?

I do not know much about FTIR!

The material Benzethonium Chloride USP was compared to a reference standard in regards to FTIR, as per the USP testing:

Identification B. Infrared absorption (FTIR), thus complying with <USP 197 K>.

The infrared spectrum of the test sample should be concordant with the infrared spectrum.

The results for release testing are passing, see below FileA_BZT_FTIR.pdf

No peak after 3000 nm when compared to BZT Reference.

When retested, the results were concluded as “passing” by Lab 1, see FileB_BZT_FTIR.pdf

Additional peaks at 3100 – 3300 nm when compared to BZT Reference.

When retested a third time by Lab 2, the results were considered “failing” by another group, see FileC_BZT_FTIR.pdf

Additional Peak at 3100 – 3600 nm when compared to BZT Reference.

When looking for an explanation, I found these images online for Benzethonium Chloride (BZT), see FileD_BZT_FTIR.pdf

And also this image, see FileE_BZT_FTIR.pdf

Can someone explain to me what is going on AND what does this mean for the quality of the material? It appears normal in all other quality testing requirements for BZT.

I am interested to know the behavior of dyes toward light. Specifically, Blue dyes re-emit the spectrum, especially from the green zone (known as principal in LED lamps, and blue dyes are known to absorb green light), to a range <400 nm (UVA)?

Here, I have attached the UPS graph. I'm trying to calculate the DOS/DOVS from the UPS.

I am currently working on simulating Tandem perovskite solar cells. Can anyone help me with the script used to simulate tandem cells in SCAPS 1D and also let me know how we can get the filtered spectrum for the bottom cell?

My questions are about the calculation of Site Fundamental Frequency using Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) based on the Fourier amplitude spectrum:

As the distance from the source of the earthquake increases, the difference between the acceleration of the horizontal and vertical components becomes very large, and by dividing these two values, no matter how large the horizontal component is, when divided by the vertical component, its effect is very small. How can this effect be explained?

How to know the spectrum range of light experimentally

Respected researcher,

I want to know that is there any way or one can help in generating a 2D/3D image using the energy count spectrum of from backscatter methods. How can I design such an algorithm and what variables do I need to do this?

Please (for Arabidopsis), what could be a good Lumens and color range (Kelvin) range for full spectrum LED lamp tubes size T8 (120cm) for each shelve measuring 130x50 cm (length x width) and 60 cm height between shelves, in an airconditioned controlled room? Each shelve fits up to 4 or 5 lamps.

Hi everyone,

We experienced a strange pattern in some spectra coming from HRMS/MS analysis. In particular, in the MS1 spectrum a base peak at m/z=M and a smaller peak at m/z=M+5Da appear, but in the MS/MS spectrum, the M signal disappears, while the M+5Da remains. Can anyone explain such a behaviour? We hypothezised a kind of isotopic pattern, but we cannot explain the fragmentation of just the lighter one.

Is there any article or project about interaction of the "Schumann Resonance" on the brain alpha or theta waves?

More:

Best Regards

Only the absorption side is considered, and the fine structure of the extended side is not considered

AT "Building Manager" represents a groundbreaking advancement in construction project management, leveraging state-of-the-art automated technology to optimize efficiency, streamline processes, and enhance collaboration across all design and construction operations facets. Rooted in a comprehensive network of interconnected software solutions, AT "Building Manager" transcends traditional project management frameworks, offering unparalleled automation, information integration, and resource optimization capabilities.

AT "Building Manager" traces its origins to the innovative concept of "Automated Technology" (AT), a paradigm shift in project management facilitated by the symbiotic evolution of software systems. Originally conceived within the "Building Manager" software complex framework, AT embodies a transformative approach to project management, characterized by its dynamic adaptability, robust information linkage, and relentless pursuit of construction management automation.

Central to the ethos of AT "Building Manager" is its ecosystem of interconnected software products, meticulously curated from diverse developers to synergistically operate within a unified framework. The integration of these disparate systems transcends conventional boundaries, facilitating seamless information exchange, standardized protocols, and enhanced interoperability. This collaborative endeavor culminates in the realization of a cohesive, multifunctional platform capable of orchestrating complex construction projects with unparalleled precision.

AT "Building Manager" encompasses a myriad of cutting-edge functionalities designed to revolutionize project management practices within the construction industry. These include:

- BIM Integration and Structural Description: Leveraging Building Information Modeling (BIM), AT "Building Manager" facilitates the precise formulation of work lists and scopes, augmented by comprehensive structural descriptions of construction objects.

- Construction Network Modeling: Employing advanced approaches akin to expert systems, AT "Building Manager" automates the formation of construction network models, optimizing resource allocation and scheduling.

- Resource and Cost Estimation: Drawing upon a diverse normative base, AT "Building Manager" generates accurate resource and cost characteristics, informed by production standards and regulatory methodologies.

- Organizational and Technological Profiling: By delineating key parameters such as performers, equipment, and composition, AT "Building Manager" enables meticulous organizational and technological profiling of construction projects.

- Dynamic Work Scheduling: Through sophisticated scheduling algorithms, AT "Building Manager" orchestrates the execution of work orders, offering real-time monitoring, recalibration, and 4D visualization of construction progress.

- Financial Monitoring and Reporting: Facilitating comprehensive financial oversight, AT "Building Manager" monitors actual costs, mitigates risks, and generates detailed reports, ensuring fiscal transparency and accountability.

AT "Building Manager" caters to enterprises within the construction complex seeking to optimize project development and management processes. It is particularly suited for organizations engaged in complex projects requiring collaboration among diverse stakeholders and extensive material and technical resources.

The trajectory of AT "Building Manager" is characterized by continuous innovation and refinement. The imminent release of "Time Stream Professional" heralds a new chapter in its evolution, promising enhanced functionality, scalability, and user experience. As AT "Building Manager" evolves, it remains committed to leveraging emerging technologies and industry best practices to redefine the standards of construction project management.

The adoption of AT "Building Manager" yields tangible economic benefits, including a notable reduction in labor intensity and construction costs. Empirical evidence from successful implementations underscores its efficacy in delivering substantial cost savings and operational efficiencies across a spectrum of construction and reconstruction projects.

In conclusion, AT "Building Manager" stands as a testament to the transformative potential of automated technology in reshaping the landscape of construction project management. By fostering collaboration, innovation, and efficiency, it empowers organizations to navigate the complexities of modern construction projects with confidence and precision.

Keywords: automated technology of construction management, artificial intelligence,Dynamic Resource-Organizational and Technological Model of Construction, BIM, CIM, Digital Twins.

1. Scientific Research Papers:

- Smith, A., et al. (2020). "Automated Technology in Construction Management: A Review." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(2), 123-135. This comprehensive review explores the role of automated technology in construction management, examining the integration of diverse software solutions similar to AT 'Building Manager' and its impact on project efficiency and performance.

- Lee, J., & Han, S. (2019). "Utilization of Project Management Systems in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Analysis" Construction Research Congress Proceedings, 598-607. This comparative analysis delves into the utilization of project management systems within the construction sector, shedding light on the benefits of integrating various software complexes, similar to the approach adopted by AT 'Building Manager'.

2. Industry Publications:

- "Construction Management" Journal. A feature article titled "Optimizing Project Management with Automated Technologies" discusses the transformative potential of automated technologies in construction project management. It emphasizes the importance of solutions like AT 'Building Manager' in streamlining processes and improving project outcomes.

- "Building Technology Review" Magazine. An in-depth analysis in this magazine evaluates the efficacy of solutions similar to AT 'Building Manager' in comparison to alternative solutions. It highlights the unique features and economic advantages offered by the system, based on real-world case studies and industry insights.

3. User Reviews and Practical Studies:

- Online Platforms (e.g., Capterra). User reviews of AT 'Building Manager' provide firsthand accounts of its usability, functionality, and impact on project management processes. Positive feedback underscores its intuitive interface, robust features, and tangible improvements in project efficiency.

- Case Studies by Construction Companies. Practical studies conducted by construction firms assess the practical implications of adopting AT 'Building Manager' in real-world construction projects. These studies validate the system's ability to reduce project timelines, minimize costs, and enhance overall project performance.

Conclusion:

The extensive literature review demonstrates the widespread perspectives of AT 'Building Manager' as a pioneering solution in construction project management. Academic research, industry publications, user reviews, and practical studies collectively affirm its efficacy in optimizing project processes, improving collaboration, and delivering substantial economic benefits. As such, "AT 'Building Manager'" stands as a testament to the transformative power of automated technologies in the construction industry.

1. “Primavera P6”:

- Features: “Primavera P6” offers comprehensive project management capabilities, including scheduling, resource management, and cost control.

- Strengths: Known for its robust scheduling engine and scalability, suitable for large and complex projects. It also offers advanced reporting and analytics features.

- Weaknesses: Steep learning curve, high cost of ownership, and requires significant customization for integration with other software systems.

- Comparison: While “Primavera P6” excels in scheduling and project analytics, it may lack the seamless integration and automation features of AT 'Building Manager'.

2. “Procore”:

- Features: “Procore” is a cloud-based construction management platform offering tools for project management, collaboration, and field productivity.

- Strengths: User-friendly interface, real-time collaboration features, and mobile accessibility. It also offers integrations with various third-party applications.

- Weaknesses: Limited advanced scheduling capabilities compared to dedicated scheduling software. May lack in-depth financial management features.

- Comparison: “Procore” focuses more on collaboration and field management, whereas AT 'Building Manager' offers a broader scope of project management functionalities, including advanced scheduling and financial monitoring.

3. Autodesk (Technological chain: Revit – Navis Works – MS Project):

- Features: Autodesk BIM 360 is a cloud-based platform for building information modeling (BIM), project collaboration, and field management.

- Strengths: Robust BIM capabilities, seamless integration with Autodesk design software, and real-time collaboration features.

- Weaknesses: Limited project management functionalities outside of BIM-related tasks. May require additional integrations for comprehensive project management.

- Comparison: While Autodesk BIM 360 excels in BIM-related tasks and collaboration, AT 'Building Manager' offers a more holistic approach to project management, including scheduling, cost estimation, and resource management.

4. “Aconex”:

- Features: “Aconex” is a cloud-based construction management platform offering document management, communication, and project collaboration tools.

- Strengths: Strong document management and communication features, suitable for large-scale projects with extensive documentation requirements.

- Weaknesses: Limited project scheduling and resource management functionalities. May lack advanced analytics and reporting capabilities.

- Comparison: “Aconex” is renowned for its document management and communication features, but it may not offer the comprehensive project management capabilities of AT 'Building Manager' in terms of scheduling, cost control, and resource management.

Other Competing Software Complexes: “Alice”, “Spider Project”.

Each of the competing software complexes brings unique strengths to the table, catering to specific aspects of construction project management. However, AT 'Building Manager' stands out with its comprehensive suite of functionalities, seamless integration of diverse software products, and focus on automation and information linkage across all divisions of a construction organization. Its holistic approach to project management sets it apart from its competitors, making it a formidable choice for construction enterprises seeking to optimize their project management processes.

The blackbody cavity contains CO2, and the blackbody radiation contains the characteristic spectrum of CO2, which does not satisfy the Planck formula.

In Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, I am trying to understand why either [a.u.] or no units are often reported for the area under the curve. Should it not be [cm^-1 * a.u.] if it is an area? Why are the [cm^-1] ignored?

I am reading two articles about the determination of equivalent viscous damping( 1. "Wijesundara KK, Nascimbene R, Sullivan T (2011) Equivalent viscous damping for steel concentrically braced frame structures" and 2. "Jayasooriya1 · D. W. U. Indika1 · K. K. Wijesundara1 · P. Rajeev Equivalent viscous damping for steel eccentrically braced frame structures with buckling restraint braces"). From the flowchart and description, I understand that we first determine the equivalent damping ratio ξeq = ξel + ξhyst (ξhyst form cyclic analysis in opensees). From ξ, we find the damped displacement spectrum. From this spectrum and for the plasticity we are examining, thus for the given horizontal displacement (Δtarget), we find the effective period Teff. Then, we determine the effective mass meff = (Keff * Teff^2) / (4π^2) and distribute the mass in the two nodes of the frame where we run the analysis in opensees. If the average horizontal displacement resulting from the inelastic time history analyses is close to the level of displacement we are examining (deviation less than 5%), then the ξ we took is accepted. If we have a greater deviation, we consider a new ξeq, resulting in a new spectrum, a new Teff, and a new mass (Keff remains the same from the initial hysteresis loop).

From the above, I deduce that if the displacement found is less than Δtarget in the time history analyses, the initial mass calculated is not sufficient and must be increased to increase the mass, thus increasing Teff. This means that for the same Δtarget, the spectrum must "drop," thus increasing the damping. In other words, a smaller Δ means that in the new approach, higher damping should be considered to increase meff and result in greater displacements (only ξel is defined as Rayleigh damping in the model). In the second paper, in paragraph 4, an example is mentioned where the correction is the opposite. That is, it starts with a high damping ratio with Δ < Δtarget and ends with a smaller one to approach Δtarget. If we look at the logic of the correction process described in both papers, smaller ξ would lead to a smaller Teff, smaller mass, and therefore smaller displacement. I suppose I have not understood something correctly in the iterative correction process.

I am facing a problem with my Waters MSe raw data. I have tried to open my raw data with AIF mode, after converting my file to ABF format for MS-DIAL, but everytime my system crashed. Later I opened it with DDA mode, but it did not show any MS/MS spectrum. It will be really helpful if anyone can help me troubleshoot this problem?

Is Shannon-Hartley theorem valid for both RF and visible light communication, i.e., it is valid for all the electromagnetic spectrum

Why does the UV absorption spectrum of red quantum dot film not exhibit a significant absorption peak? As shown in the following Figure.

hi everyone, can someone help me to access the supplemental material of the following paper (The genetic and clinical spectrum of a large cohort of patients with distal renal tubular acidosis)..

Thanks in advance

How to generate the CSV/Excel/Notepad/xy file of FTIR spectra (PerkinElmer Spectrum IR)?

Kindly share the detailed spectrum as it will be very helpful.

Reason for the disappearance of O-H peak in NMR

The instrument provided data of the IR spectrum is in %T vs wave number. But the peak is in the 3600 to 2600 cm-1 shows more than 100% transmittance. What are the probable reasons behind it? How can I solve it? The IR was done in ATR. Thank you.

Hello all

I have a problem when I connect the attachment in the picture to the opti system program. I do not get “out put” on the optical spectrum analyzer. Can you help me with that? I would be grateful to all of you.Article titled “Ultra-narrow bandwidth and large tuning range single-passband microwave photonic filter based on Brillouin fiber laser"

Dear researchers,

I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to ask you some questions about the porphyrin drug conjugate. I have synthesized a drug-porphyrin conjugated structure and seek your guidance on its potential applications in cancer therapy.

Upon evaluating the absorbance spectrum of the synthesized compound, I observed several significant peaks, with the main peak occurring at 420 nm, along with smaller peaks at 550 nm (25% intensity) and 620 nm (5% intensity). Subsequent excitation at these wavelengths led to emission peaks primarily at 680 nm, albeit with varying intensities.

Given my limited experience in this field, I have two specific questions that I hope you can assist me with:

Your expertise and insights would be immensely valuable as I continue to explore the therapeutic potential of this conjugated structure. Thank you for considering my questions, and I look forward to your guidance.

Warm regards,

Anvar

Which Bruker pulse program gives the best NOESY spectrum in the shortest possible time?

I am setting up a test to measure power and spectrum of laser dies. To avoid precise alignment, and also due to lasers' high output power, I have decided to use an integrating sphere to do the power measurement.

I have also been trying to use the same sphere to sample light and couple it into a 50um NA=0.22 multimode fibre for spectral measurement. As you can imagine, the coupling efficiency of bare fibre is quite low. So I tried other options including:

1- attaching a collimator to the fibre and put the collimator at the sphere's port,

2- trying to use a lens to collimate the light coming out of the port and then focus it into the fibre using another lens.

However, none of these methods gave me a significant improvement over bare fibre directly connected to the sphere's port.

The sphere is 2-inch diameter and port diameter is 0.5 inch. The wavelength is 1310nm.

Is there any other way that I can get better results? Thanks.

What would be the best pulse program to obtain a NOESY spectrum with the best peak resolution and shortest acquisition time on a Bruker Avance IIIHD NMR spectrophotometer?

Can beckwith Weidman syndrome/ spectrum present with a typical features

And if developed hepatoblastoma,

Is there a recurrence rate due to the underlying genetic error?

The reason I suspect that the beat note should not be broad linewidth (~100 MHz), as I see in the spectrum analyzer, is because, using those same lasers, we can create a magneto-optical trap. Therefore, the laser's linewidth should be less than 5 MHz (Cs D2 natural linewidth).

What is that I am doing wrong? What parameters should I check to mitigate this noise?

Thanks.

We have recorded the FT-IR spectrum of silane-treated* glass fibers that we bought from a supplier and wish to determine the functionalities on the surface of our glass fibers using the FT-IR data as precisely as possible and with minimal error.

The sizing's composition is unknown to us, but we know these glass fibers have been specifically made and marketed to be used in PBT and PET matrices.

My question is: What is the systematic, and therefore efficient, way of determining the functionalities on the glass fiber surface using FT-IR data? I'm aware that one could rely on the published data for this, as we ourselves have up to this point, but I'd rather hear an expert's opinion on this matter as well.

* that the glass fibers were treated with silane is an assumption we've made based on our understanding of the published scientific literature on glass fiber sizings.

How can I obtain or create an absorption spectrum file for Sb2Se3 for use in SCAPS-1D?

the molecular ion peak for the compound is 369 and the base peak ion is 327, other prominent ions of fragmentation are 268, 204,310 and 315

Abstract

This research proposal outlines an experimental framework designed to explore the gravitational redshift within the microtubules of neurons. Building on principles derived from atomic physics and quantum mechanics, we aim to bridge the gap between quantum phenomena and biological systems, offering insights into the fundamental nature of gravity's influence on biological structures at the quantum level.

The gravitational redshift is observed in samples as small as one millimeter.1 Gravitational redshift is a phenomenon predicted by the theory of General Relativity. It occurs when light or other electromagnetic radiation emitted from an object in a strong gravitational field is increased in wavelength, or redshifted, as it climbs out of the gravitational well. This effect is observed because, according to General Relativity, the presence of mass curves spacetime, and the path of light follows this curvature. The energy of the light decreases (which corresponds to an increase in wavelength) as it moves away from the source of gravity. This is because, in a gravitational field, time runs more slowly closer to the source of the field. As light moves away from such a source, its frequency appears to decrease to an observer located at a higher gravitational potential. This decrease in frequency translates to a shift toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence the term "gravitational redshift."

The magnitude of the gravitational redshift depends on the strength of the gravitational field through which the light is traveling. The stronger the gravitational field (i.e., the closer to a massive body like a planet, star, or black hole), the more significant the redshift. Gravitational redshift has been observed in various astrophysical contexts, including the light coming from the surface of white dwarfs and neutron stars, and it serves as a crucial test for the theories of gravity.

Researching gravitational redshift in neuron microtubules would involve exploring whether gravitational effects within the brain, particularly within microtubules, could influence quantum states in a way that contributes to consciousness or cognitive processes.

Roger Penrose, a mathematical physicist, suggested that quantum gravity could play a role in the collapse of the quantum wave function. In traditional quantum mechanics, the wave function describes a superposition of all possible states of a system. This wave function collapses to a single outcome when observed. Penrose hypothesized that this collapse is not merely a result of observation (as traditionally thought) but can occur spontaneously due to gravitational effects. According to Penrose, when a quantum system reaches a certain level of mass-energy difference between its possible states, the gravitational difference becomes significant enough to cause the system to "choose" a state in a process called "objective reduction" (OR), without the need for an external observer.

This would require linking the microscopic quantum gravitational effects predicted by Penrose23 with the biological structures and functions identified by Hameroff4, an ambitious and highly theoretical endeavor that would bridge physics, neuroscience, and the study of consciousness.

The Orch OR theory is highly speculative and has been met with skepticism by many in the scientific community. One of the main criticisms is the lack of empirical evidence supporting coherent quantum states within the warm, wet environment of the brain, which many argue would lead to rapid decoherence of quantum states.

But that all seemed to change with the results of a recent study where, Polyatomic time crystals of the brain neuron extracted microtubule are projected like a hologram meters away.5

The role of gravitational effects in brain function, particularly in wave function collapse, remains a controversial proposition.

Research Proposal:

Investigating Gravitational Redshift in Neuronal Microtubules

Recent advancements in quantum physics have enabled the precise measurement of gravitational effects on atomic scales, as demonstrated by experiments measuring the gravitational redshift across millimeter-scale atomic samples. Extending these principles to biological systems, particularly neuronal microtubules, presents a novel approach to understanding the intersection of gravity, quantum mechanics, and biology.

Objectives

Methodology

1. Sample Preparation: Neurons will be prepared to isolate microtubules, maintaining their structural integrity.

2. Isolation Mechanism: Utilize magnetic or optical tweezers to stabilize microtubules in a controlled quantum state.

3. Frequency Measurement: Employ advanced spectroscopic techniques to detect minute changes in the vibrational frequencies of microtubules, indicative of gravitational redshift.

4. Data Analysis: Use computational models to analyze frequency shift data, comparing observed effects with theoretical predictions.

Equipment and Tools

Expected Outcomes

The successful execution of this proposal is expected to provide the first measurements of gravitational effects within biological structures at the quantum level, potentially unveiling new insights into the role of gravity in biological processes and quantum biology.

Budget and Timeline

A detailed budget and timeline will be developed, encompassing equipment acquisition, experimental setup, data collection, and analysis phases, projected to span over three years.

Initial Lab Hardware

For your research proposal aiming to measure gravitational redshifts within neuronal microtubules, you would need to integrate advanced optical and magnetic tweezers technologies. These tools are crucial for manipulating and measuring the quantum mechanical properties of microtubules with the precision required to detect such subtle phenomena.

Optical Tweezers

C-Trap® Optical Tweezers: Offered by LUMICKS, these are dynamic single-molecule microscopes that allow for simultaneous manipulation and visualization of single-molecule interactions in real-time. They combine high-resolution optical tweezers with fluorescence and label-free microscopy, integrating an advanced microfluidics system for a comprehensive solution to study molecular dynamics.

Modular Optical Tweezers from Thorlabs: This system provides a tool for trapping and manipulating microscopic-sized objects with a laser-based trap. It includes a high-precision 100X oil immersion objective lens and a 10X air condenser, making it suitable for a range of biological experiments. The system features adjustable force and spot size settings, ensuring precise control over the manipulation of microtubules.

Magnetic Tweezers

Magnetic Tweezers Technology: According to information from Frontiers in Physics, magnetic tweezers are capable of applying forces up to about 20 pN at distances of about 1 mm, using NdFeB magnets and standard beads. This force is sufficient for many single-molecule applications. Magnetic tweezers technology also includes electromagnetic tweezers, which offer efficient feedback loops for stable force clamps and the ability to modulate the strength and direction of the magnetic field with electric current.

Bead Tracking and Force Calibration: Critical for magnetic tweezers, bead tracking in 3D space and force calibration are essential techniques for precise measurements. The technology employs computer programs to track the bead in real-time and uses DNA attachment methods for single-molecule studies, ensuring accurate and reliable data collection.

Acquisition Sources

These tools, combined with your innovative experimental design, aim to unlock new insights into the quantum biological processes within neurons, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of the interplay between gravitational forces and biological structures at the quantum level.

This research has the potential to fundamentally alter our understanding of the interface between gravity, quantum mechanics, and biology, opening new avenues for interdisciplinary research and technological innovation.

If I may add, footnotes for this question: 1

Bothwell, T., Kennedy, C.J., Aeppli, A., et al. (2022). Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample. *Nature*, 602, 420–424. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04349-7

2

Penrose, Roger. The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and The Laws of Physics. Oxford University Press, 1989. This book presents Penrose's early thoughts on the connection between quantum mechanics, consciousness, and the role of gravity in the wave function collapse, introducing the idea that physical processes could influence consciousness.

3

Penrose, Roger. Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness. Oxford University Press, 1994. In this follow-up, Penrose delves deeper into the theory that quantum mechanics plays a role in human consciousness, further developing his hypothesis on objective reduction (OR) and its gravitational basis.

4

Hameroff, Stuart, and Penrose, Roger. "After 20 years of skeptical criticism, the evidence now clearly supports Orch OR." *ScienceDaily*, 2014. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140116085105.htm

5

Saxena, Komal, Singh, Pushpendra, Sarkar, Jhimli, Sahoo, Pathik, Ghosh, Subrata, Krishnananda, Soami Daya, and Bandyopadhyay, Anirban. "Polyatomic time crystals of the brain neuron extracted microtubule are projected like a hologram meters away." *Journal of Applied Physics*, vol. 132, no. 19, 194401, Nov. 2022. [https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0130618]

Are these lines related to vibrations?