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Speaking - Science topic
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Questions related to Speaking
Hello there, I would like to ask some questions in terms of my research "The Effectiveness of Fishbowl Technique Towards Students Speaking Ability." I've been looking for a suitable reliability for my instrument that i am making recently. I use oral test of Interview to obtain data to measure students' speaking skill that uses likert scale assessment (1-5) on 5 components of speaking. The lecturer advised me to bring three raters (including me) to avoid the biases from subjectivity, and make time efficient since educational institution is my target population (11th grade students). When I planned to conduct the tryout for 35 students in class. I am still confused on which reliability tests are usable for my case. I planned to divide students into three rater groups as lecturer suggests so, which rater 1 for students number 1-12, rater 2 for 13-24, and so on. I tried to use ICC or pearson correlation (through test-retest) but it needs overlapping data which raters should assess all same students but it will took longer and it may disturb the learning progess on the school. I might be so clueless that I can't solve this myself. Please, any suggestions or feedback regarding my case will be appreciated. Thank you, and pardon me about the long text.
Hello there, I would like to ask some questions in terms of my research "The Effectiveness of Fishbowl Technique Towards Students Speaking Ability." I've been looking for a suitable reliability for my instrument that i am making recently. I use oral test of Interview to obtain data to measure students' speaking skill that uses likert scale assessment (1-5) on 5 components of speaking. The lecturer advised me to bring three raters (including me) to avoid the biases from subjectivity, and make time efficient since educational institution is my target population (11th grade students). When I planned to conduct the tryout for 35 students in class. I am still confused on which reliability tests are usable for my case. I planned to divide students into three rater groups as lecturer suggests so, which rater 1 for students number 1-12, rater 2 for 13-24, and so on. I tried to use ICC or pearson correlation (through test-retest) but it needs overlapping data which raters should assess all same students but it will took longer and it may disturb the learning progess on the school. I might be so clueless that I can't solve this myself. Please, any suggestions or feedback regarding my case will be appreciated. Thank you, and pardon me about the long text.
Hello everyone,
I am a master’s student in English Education at [Hiroshima University] in Japan, currently researching L2 pronunciation and learner self-monitoring. My current working definition of self-monitoring is “the process by which a learner records their speech, listens back to identify pronunciation errors or areas for improvement, reflects on these observations, and then makes corrective adjustments in subsequent practice.”I plan to focus specifically on self-monitoring in pronunciation, but I am also considering expanding to self-monitoring in speaking more broadly. Could researchers who have investigated self-monitoring share how they define the concept and any key insights or references from their work? I would greatly appreciate your perspectives and suggestions.
Thank you!
I have recently added to a discussion about my fuchsia plants that were out in the first very cold few days in 2022. They are usually out during the winter but looked as if they had died. So, I put them in a porch and gave them words of encouragement. And I have congratulated them about their green shoots.
I then added a piece to another RG discussion asking if any members either talk to their plants or feel that it is helpful (to the plants as well as the RG member!)
The Royal Horticultural Society has done research into this:
and there are other positive thoughts on the subject, just to mention a few:
I would be really interested in your thoughts and will pass the messages on to the fuchsia!
This morning I was reading about how classroom behaviour is viewed differently around the world, and one example stood out to me. In Japan, silence in the classroom is often seen as a sign of respect and deep thinking. Students may not speak unless called on, and quiet reflection is valued more than quick responses. In contrast, many Western classrooms encourage active participation and verbal engagement. Neither approach is better—they’re just different. As educators, recognizing these cultural differences helps us create more inclusive and supportive learning environments for all students.
Hello,
I am looking for languages which have not (yet) adopted CAN YOU as a way of making requests - as in "Can you pass me the salt". If you are a speaker of such a language, could you let me know what the main ways of formulating requests in this language are?
Many thanks!
Eva
Hi, there! It is a pleasure to greet you. I am working on my research paper, the topic is: The contribution of a gamification based-plan to the development of speaking english skills". It would be great if you give me suggestions or prominent information that I could take into considerations. Have a nice day.
There seems to be a tendency in Western society where we put more weight on information conveyed in writing than passed on orally. I'm not just speaking about research but also on a simpler scale, in workplace situations or even in day-to-day interactions. I've found some mention of how children shift to this once they have learnt to read and write (e.g. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/kids-trust-written-words-more-spoken-ones-180951768/), but so far I have found no research literature to back it up.
I would appreciate any pointers, whether this be a theory (maybe I just haven't found the right wording yet) or research(ers) that touches on this.
Why is your language different from that of others?
What are the reasons for the diversity of languages in the world?
Is silent behavior a stage in the evolution of languages?
Discussion Post for ResearchGate:
🔹 Introduction:
🔹 The American English accent engages the abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and even facial muscles more actively compared to many other languages.
🔹 Pronouncing sounds such as /r/, /æ/, /ʌ/ and specific speech stress patterns in American English requires stronger respiratory control and muscular engagement.
🔹 This raises an important question: Could these biomechanical characteristics serve as a reinforcing factor, alongside other influences, in physical development, respiratory endurance, or even metabolic impact?
🔹 Key Questions for Discussion:
✔ 1. Does American English pronunciation require greater engagement of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles?
📌 Certain speech and vocal training exercises, especially in American English, demand better diaphragm control and breathing techniques.
📌 Could these biomechanical differences impact respiratory health and endurance?
✔ 2. Could differences in speech patterns influence physiological development?
📌 Do children raised speaking American English exhibit any physiological differences in terms of respiratory capacity or muscle engagement compared to children speaking other languages?
📌 Do societies with languages requiring stronger articulation (e.g., American English, German, or Arabic) show differences in muscular development and respiratory efficiency compared to those with softer phonetic structures?
✔ 3. Can differences in language phonetics impact metabolism or energy expenditure?
📌 Some research suggests that speech can alter energy expenditure.
📌 Could individuals speaking languages with more intensive articulation patterns (such as American English or German) exhibit long-term metabolic differences?
✔ 4. Does stronger pronunciation contribute to improved vocal skills, breath control, or sound projection?
📌 Many of the world's top vocal performers use an American English singing style. Could this be linked to the speech mechanics of the accent itself?
✔ 5. Is this purely a supplementary factor, or could it have more significant effects on physical development?
📌 Perhaps this is only a minor reinforcing factor among other variables such as exercise, diet, and environmental influences.
📌 However, could a deeper investigation into this relationship provide better insights into how language affects human physiology?
🔹 Call for Participation:
🔹 We invite linguists, physiologists, speech therapists, and cognitive scientists to share their perspectives on the relationship between speech patterns, physiology, and human development.
🔹 Are phonetic structures purely linguistic, or do they have measurable physiological effects on individuals and societies?
Philosophically speaking: Are scientific experiences vital for the human species
🚨 New Insights on the Role of Accent in Language Learning 🚨
In traditional language learning, we emphasize vocabulary and grammar, while accent training is often considered secondary. But is that the right approach?
I’ve recently come across two key observations that suggest accent plays a much bigger role in comprehension and effective communication than we often assume:
1️⃣ Personal Observation: When an Accent Makes English Easier to Understand
I recently watched a Persian speaker speaking English with a Persian accent at a fast, natural pace. Surprisingly, I found their speech much easier to understand than that of a native English speaker!
I tested this by showing the clip to another person (who has no background in linguistics), and they also found the Persian-accented English more comprehensible than the native English version.
💡 Key Takeaways:
✅ Listening comprehension isn’t just about vocabulary and grammar—it’s heavily influenced by phonetic familiarity and accent patterns.
✅ If an accent affects how we process speech, shouldn’t accent training be introduced earlier in language education rather than later?
2️⃣ Real-World Example: Trump Needed a Translator for English!
A recent high-profile event further highlights this issue. During a meeting between Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a translator repeated English sentences in English for Trump!
👉 Both Trump and Modi were speaking English.
👉 Yet, Trump needed help understanding English—likely due to the Indian accent of reporters or Modi himself.
💡 Implications for Language Learning:
- Even fluent English speakers struggle with accents. If Trump needed a translator, how can language learners expect to understand native speakers without explicit accent training?
- Should accent be a core focus from the start, just like vocabulary and grammar?
- AI-powered pronunciation analysis and speech training could help learners adjust to different accents from the early stages.
Final Thoughts & Open Questions
🔹 Should accent training be prioritized equally alongside vocabulary and grammar in early language learning?
🔹 How can AI-driven pronunciation tools help learners develop an intuitive understanding of accents?
🔹 Have you experienced a situation where accent played a critical role in communication, even when you knew the language?
I’d love to hear your thoughts!
(This discussion builds on my previous topic about learning accents through native speaker observation: [https://www.researchgate.net/post/Exploring_a_Novel_Method_for_Accent_Training_Using_AI?_ec=topicPostOverviewAuthoredQuestions&_sg=OLtU16_G29ER-nZVl3FQrTIedhtEv1e7tHidNC7tSFo9fNdcmwiqpNx6_90baX4kCFRLEPt-0mjAg6yB&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoicXVlc3Rpb25PdmVydmlldyIsInByZXZpb3VzUGFnZSI6InF1ZXN0aW9uIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlQ29udGVudCJ9fQ])
I have tended to use the terms interchangeably because the difference doesn't seem to be at all obvious (to me at least). Some of the people I speak to do seem to feel there is a difference, or even various differences, but then find it difficult to explain what it is/they are. Perhaps you can help?
In the field of toxic leadership, what is the ethical consideration when the research concerns the author directly and there is no subject of the study so to speak?
If so, will we have the missing link of Planck units, in case there is indeed a lack of these units?
Technically speaking tarif has both trade creation and diversion effect. Moreover, the ultimate payers of tarif are local consumers. Has he really considered the forthcoming inflation in USA? Is losing America's softpower a rational action from USA's national interest point of view? What is your opinion?
The question of the determinants of action remains a crucial point in understanding the genesis of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors (e.g., Buabang et al., 2024, in TICS).
A strict dichotomous approach to this issue suggests that with behavioral repetition in a stable context—due to lack of time, cognitive overload, or stress—so-called habitual behaviors take control of action, often to the detriment of valuation and response-selection processes that could otherwise give rise to more adaptive behaviors, such as moderating excessive alcohol consumption or curbing pathological gambling.
An alternative approach garners increasing interest: it posits that expectancy systems, which anticipate the effects of action, are predominant. Indeed, certain associations linking stimuli to behaviors facilitate the implementation or efficacy of goal-directed systems, which represent the default mode of our actions.
It is neither easy (nor perhaps possible) to prove this theory in a laboratory setting, but certain life experiences speak volumes. I will not delve into driving behavior, which, however, can be understood as being "in the service" of a goal to be achieved (e.g., arriving on time for a romantic date). Nor will I address those small, everyday habits that seem, on the surface, to indicate that certain routines are generated by default, supposedly to save cognitive resources better used for more noble tasks. Such instances, in my view, are anecdotal when weighed against the magnitude of the harm associated with what is deemed "bad" habits (e.g., addiction).
I would like to draw the reader's attention to certain processes that unequivocally characterize gamers of demanding video games. This is a recreational activity I am fond of, which can involve thousands of repetitive actions to automate highly complex action patterns. At the time of writing, I am preparing for the final boss in 'Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice'. I recently completed 'Elden Ring' and its New Game Plus, as well as the DLC 'Shadow of the Erdtree'. I do not consider myself an exceptional gamer, far from it, but through repetition and perseverance, I have succeeded.
In light of reflections on the contribution of automatic and deliberative systems, habits, and goal-directed behaviors—concepts I do not conflate, as goal-directed actions can be automatic—I wish to share some aspects of my gaming experience. The situation seems apparently clear: the general goal is to progress and understand the story, which requires defeating mini-bosses and bosses, as progression is otherwise impossible. More specific objectives also come into play, such as preparing the right equipment for each battle. However—and this is a crucial point—every gamer implores that action patterns become automated! This is essential for efficiently dodging or parrying attacks.
Indeed, gamers are highly motivated for their action patterns to become as automated as possible, requiring no conscious thought during combat phases. And the acquired action patterns can be complex. Indeed, it is not uncommon to realize that the habit of dodging an attack was not the right choice, particularly due to the low probability that the attack would be followed by a second, leaping strike. For gamers, the learned motor memory of action patterns is more probabilistic than it seems, due to the algorithms that determine opponents' behaviors. It explains why gamers often hope for "luck" during a fight, especially when familiar attack patterns are involved. In other words, habits are instrumental in achieving their goals. It is worth noting that modifying a poor combat habit is no easy task. These objectives are multifaceted: progressing through the story, of course, but above all, experiencing a sense of competence and mastery over a demanding sequence by entering a state of flow.
Comparison is not equivalence, but I imagine the described experience is akin to certain addictive behaviors: different goals are activated through mechanisms we are currently studying—namely, what drives individuals into action. As in addictions, a multitude of habits (underpinned by highly efficient and automatic calculation modes) facilitate goal attainment by serving the expected outcomes. While it may be tempting to "break habits" through methods that, let’s admit it, yield modest results, altering the goals to be achieved is no easier but far more promising.
In the anecdotal situation I briefly described—playing 'Sekiro'—it is quite possible that simply passing by my gaming computer triggered a desire to play, fueled by the hope of progressing in the story, feeling competent, and even aspiring to belong to the minority group of gamers who have completed the game (generally 20–30% of gamers). However, I would wager that if my computer were out of order, I would have found alternative ways to pursue these objectives, much like someone willing to make considerable efforts to obtain their drug.
In summary, let us not be mistaken, as it could waste our time: habits serve the goals to be achieved, not the other way around.
Something to ponder.
Xavier
When a person, who does not speak the local language, first comes into contact with the criminal justice system, the very first thing that needs to be determined in order to communicate with him is whether the person needs the assistance of an interpreter or not. IF the person has zero knowledge of the local language, that question is not difficult to answer. If he speaks a few words but not much, the answer is also simple.
However, for a person who can communicate in his/her daily life in the local language but their level might not be good enough to follow court procedures and debates, the question is more complex. In most jurisdictions I have studied, it seems like this question is answered subjectively by whoever is tasked with that duty that day and there is no standard language proficiency test or a level that has been demarcated to be the minimum needed to refuse the services of an interpreter.
I would like to know if in the USA and in other countries, a standard test or procedure exists to test the language proficiency of the accused/witness/victim for whom the local language might be their second language.
Thanks!
Dear expert
It can be a valid study to analyze the sandy soil of the Saharan region after a campaign of 3 months of sorghum irrigation without adding any fertilizer to speak about a short irrigation effect.
for assessing a long irrigation effect how long the irrigation be applied on these soils?
best regards
I want to find research that supports the idea of the prison environment contributing to poor mental health among adult prison inmates. I want to find research that speaks about the living conditions such as cell size, overcrowding, food, violence among inmates, mistreatment from prison guards and limited access to mental health services.
I am potentially looking to find content that speaks to whether the removal of electives in k-12 impacts students performance.
# 160
Dear Mahammad Nuriyev, Aziz Nuriyev, and Jeyhun Mammadov
I read your paper:
Renewable Energy Transition Task Solution for the Oil Countries Using Scenario-Driven Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Models: The Case of Azerbaijan
My comments:
1- I agree with you in a 100% when you speak of an ambivalent situation: On one side you depend of oil because it is your main export, and on the other, you are constrained because the universal policy of complete decarbonization from oil, which with no doubt will hurt your country economy.
2- In page 2 you say “The transition to a renewable-based energy system is not a one-step process, especially for countries with a high share of oil and gas in their GDP”.
You are right and it is not either a short one. I am working in energy transition and reckon that the zero decarbonization of electricity generation takes many steps and decades. The objective of having zero CO2by 2050 is, is in may humble opinion, an illusion in most countries that will benefit economically by no importing oil, but in your country is worse. There is not a dichotomy here, because it is not a 1 to 0 game, but in reaching gradually that condition, i.e., achieving an equilibrium.
For instance, in my research I propose a long-term plan to be executed in periods, lasting five or six-years each, until 2050, to reach an acceptable compromise, because in those 26 years period, oil contaminated plants must be shutdown, but at the same time being replaced by new technologies, that are not built overnight. Therefore, oil will be continued in use still for years to come.
In your case, you would need not only to build renewable energy plants, but also, to find another uses for your oil. My wrighting follows he same pace as reading your paper, and for that reason, later on, reading the whole paper several pages from here, I learned that you also have gas, and that is a big difference.
Needless to say, I agree with what you say regarding MCDM, however, I do not think that fuzzy can help on this. This scenario is not a matter of using exact numbers but in following right procedures and policies. It is not a matter of only mathematics, but rather involving in a very large extent government, exports, environment, developing of products oil based like plastics, hydrogen, fertilizers, etc.
3- In page 4 you refer to SAW as a fuzzy method. Not in my opinion. If you refer to the fact that weights are needed, and I agree, the problem is to determine how these weights are generated. If you are talking about subjective weights, have you wondered what is the purpose of using fuzzy logic on invented weights, that can change if another DM computes them? Don’t you think weird that the solution of a problem may be valid, ONLY considering what a group of people decide?
Of course, fuzzy can be used to find average values and determining DM coherence in crisp values, and have near transitivity or ‘consistency’. And what is that good for, if there is no guarantee that results can be applied to a problem in the real world? Because, as far as I know there is not a mathematical axiom or theorem that supports that assumption. Convenient of course, but also false
4- Page 4 “The above-mentioned papers demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy approach in formalizing uncertainty in decision making within the energy sector”
Could you please inform the reader how that demonstration could prove effectiveness if you do not have any yardstick to compare?
5- Page 5 “Expert evaluation of the importance of weights and each alternative with respect to each criterion”
Weights are useless to evaluate alternatives, since even if for a criterion you multiply each performance value by the criterion weight, it affects all values equally, i.e., the proportion or distances between performance values does not change with the multiplication. It only provokes that the corresponding criterion line displaces parallel to itself.
6- Since you are using experts estimates it does not make sense to use fuzzy, because you are certainly decreasing uncertainty, but on the subjective opinion of a DM or a group of them. There is no mathematical support for this, although it is extensively used. What if another group thinks differently, which group will you choose? This is an over simplification of the problem, not by you, but by 99 % of MCDM methods. Why this happens? Because many people believe that a MCDM method consists in filling a matrix, without analysing the sequence and reason of each step. Since there is no way to know the reality, any result is accepted and heralded as a success. Who is going to check? Not the reviewers certainly.
7- Page 11 “Rising domestic and foreign demand for electricity will be offset by renewables. There are significant differences in the capacity of the available renewables in the country”
Are you sure? How will you replace an oil-fired power plant generating say 600 MWh, and working 24/7 with renewables, especially solar and wind, that can only work a couple of hours per day, and assuming that there is wind and enough solar irradiation? As you can see the problem is not that simple, and regarding hydro, assuming that river flows are constant.
8- In page 11 you detail the eight criteria and I think that it is a very good set, although incomplete. For instance, in my opinion, you should add ‘Job generation’, ‘Land use’, ‘Site selection’, ‘Necessary investment’, ‘Return’, etc
.
9- As a final result you say that A7 is the best, followed by A9. Obviously, the main actor in both is gas, which in my opinion is quasi mandatory, but this result is lacking realism because:
First: You use different MCDM methods, compare their results, which is useless, since you do not have a yardstick for comparison, and in any case, you get a set of solutions instead of only one.
Second: In all methods a criterion is considered in isolation, when all criteria should be taken into account and simultaneously This is another false procedure used by 99 % of MCDM methods. Why do I say this?
Because all criteria and alternatives constitute a system, and as that, normally all of them are interrelated. For instance, you cannot consider cost per se, because any increase or decrease may affect say resources; as an example, a decrease in capital investment may reduce the availability of resources for education, and at the same time, increase noxious emissions.
This multi cross analysis cannot be made my hand, but only by an adequate MCDM method
Third: In addition, since all criteria are direct or indirectly related, you cannot use AHP to compute weights because this method works only under the condition that criteria are independent. By the way, and explained by Saaty himself, AHP should no be uses with fuzzy as in FAHP, because it is already fuzzy.
These are my comments, and I hope they can help
Nolberto Munier
novels and stories where martians and suchlike speak a language of their own (no "Star trek" staff!)
Does "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies?
Newtonian gravity behaves differently at very large scales of mass and distance, i.e., galaxy scales, in contra-indication to the assumption that massive quantities of invisible, or "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies.
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Preston Guynn added a reply
Your discussion statement question is:
- "Does 'dark matter' make up large proportions of those galaxies? Newtonian gravity behaves differently at very large scales of mass and distance, i.e., galaxy scales, in contra-indication to the assumption that massive quantities of invisible, or 'dark matter' make up large proportions of those galaxies."
The phrase "Newtonian gravity" refers to a very specific equation relating mass and acceleration, so saying it behaves differently under some condition is not a correct usage of the phrase. Newtonian gravity is Newtonian gravity, and it gives incorrect results at scales greater than the solar system. There is a significant body of research on modified Newtonian gravity, and you can find it by searching on the phrase or "MOND".
Your question"Does dark matter make up large proportion of those galaxies?" is the question that numerous branches of research are investigating either experimentally or theoretically. First of course is the search for any experimental evidence of any matter that couples gravitationally but not via the electromagnetic field. No evidence of any such matter has been found. Second is that there is no such matter expected from current models such as the so called standard model of physics.
Even if there were some type of matter that couples gravitationally but not via electro-magnetic coupling, the number of non-conforming physical observations cannot be solved by such matter. The galaxies not only have a rotation that is unexplained by GR, but the galaxies interacting in clusters, and the clusters of galaxies interacting in superclusters could not simultaneously be described by such matter regardless of its distribution patterns. Additionally, gravitational lensing observed due to galaxies and clusters of galaxies could not be described by GR simply by applying such conjectured matter. The number of non-conforming observations cannot be solved by adding matter or energy, so general relativity should be abandoned as a dead end. Newtonian gravity does not apply, and no known modification of Newtonian gravity describes all the observed interactions. Modern physics will only progress when GR is abandoned and my research based on special relativity is adopted. See
Article The Physical Basis of the Fine Structure Constant in Relativ...
Article Thomas Precession is the Basis for the Structure of Matter and Space
For some insights on dark matter see :
Article Cold Dark Matter and Strong Gravitational Lensing: Concord o...
Abbas Kashani added a reply
Dear and respected Preston Gan
Researcher in Guynn Engineering
United States of America
You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas
Jouni Laine added a reply
According to my theory, the influence of quantum entanglement on spacetime curvature could provide an alternative explanation for the gravitational effects attributed to dark matter in galaxies. Traditional models suggest that large proportions of invisible “dark matter” are required to account for the observed gravitational behavior at galaxy scales. This is because, under Newtonian gravity, the visible mass of galaxies cannot account for the gravitational forces observed, leading to the hypothesis that there must be additional, unseen mass—dark matter.
However, my research proposes that quantum entanglement could be influencing spacetime curvature in a way that mimics the effects of this “missing” dark matter. If quantum entanglement can alter the curvature of spacetime, it might enhance the gravitational pull within galaxies without requiring massive quantities of unseen matter. This would mean that the observed discrepancies at galactic scales could be due to quantum entanglement effects rather than vast amounts of dark matter.
In this view, while dark matter has been the dominant explanation, it might be possible that the gravitational anomalies are instead the result of entanglement-induced modifications to spacetime. This theory could offer a new perspective on why Newtonian gravity appears to behave differently at large scales, suggesting that the need for dark matter could be reconsidered in light of quantum effects on gravity.
Abbas Kashani added a reply
Dear Johnny Line, greetings and respect
You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas
Forrest Noble added a reply
2 days ago
No ! Dark Matter, like Dark Energy, is simply a 'place holder' for an unknown source of energy which cannot presently be explained excepting via speculation and related hypotheses. If either or both do not exist, their replacement will do damage to, or also cause the replacement of mainstream cosmology, by far simpler but presently unrecognized alternative(s).
Courtney Seligman added a reply
4 hours ago
It is conceivable that the constant "G" varies according to where you are, but the only way to prove that is to be somewhere so far from here that we will never be able to prove it, which makes it a novel but scientifically pointless proposition (if there is no way to prove something, it cannot be considered scientifically reasonable because then you can invent thousands of explanations, only one of which (if any) that can be correct, which is a doomed explanation). "G" is certainly a constant everywhere within 30 thousand light-years from us, and there will never be any way to measure its value even at that distance, let alone hundreds of thousands or millions of light-years distant. So at the moment I would say that "dark matter" almost certainly exists IN GALAXIES, and possibly BETWEEN GALAXIES IN RICH CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES. However, whether it exists in the huge amounts posited by cosmologists EVERYWHERE is certainly "up in the air" in every sense of the phrase. And I'm reasonably certain that "dark energy" is a fantasy made up to explain something that doesn't need explaining.
Forrest Noble added a reply
Newton's gravity is correct but incomplete in that it doesn't include time, energy, distortions of space, etc. all of which can make a difference in calculations under certain circumstances. The concluding assumption is that Einstein's gravity is correct.
But at the scale of galaxies neither theory is even close, off by a factor of 2 to 3 concerning some spiral galaxy velocities. To account for this great error of gravity theory, dark matter was invented and has become the favored explanation. Since dark matter has never been directly observed, some consider it only a temporary place holder for the real, valid explanation.
Mainstream cosmology has adopted dark matter as part of its theory, even though there are a great many other possible explanations to explain what is being observed other than dark matter. Dark matter has been adopted into mainstream theory because it can also explain the bending of light and field motion within galaxy clusters that other alternative mainstream gravity explanations cannot explain such as Modified Gravity proposals.
When the truth is finally discovered, I believe it will involve simpler explanations that do not require invisible or non-observable entities such as dark matter, dark energy, Inflation, etc.
Andreas Schwarz added a reply
What, if we look at gravitation as a wave-based mechanism?
Since gravitational waves are nothing else than fast disturbations of the gravitational field, and they propagate with c, this is a strong indication that gravitation itself is a based on waves, on wave-energy which is transported backwards to its source oscillator, its source particle and thus its mass.
If this is actually the case, then also resonance will take place:
Assume a galaxy bulge with all its masses. There is a huge number of electrons part of it, each generating a gravitational energy-backflow related to its intrinsic oscillator frequency, which is related to the electron's wavelength.
Assume further, that this gravitational energy-backflow is the more redshifted the farther away it is located from the source. Thus, the related frequency of the far-away location's gravitational energy-backflow is less than that generated by the source electron.
Now, assume that the distance (~1Mpc) generates a redshift of about 1/α=137, the inverse of the fine-structure constant. The frequency is then about 1/137 of the electron's intrinsic frequency. This frequency roughly matches the frequency of the generated gravitational energy-backflow of an electron, bound to a proton, so to speak, its circulation velocity around the proton, which is v=α∙c, thus, it matches the locally generated gravitational energy-backflow of its BOHR radius oscillation.
Due to resonance, this far-away electron, bound to its proton, reacts much stronger to the usually weak gravitational energy-backflow, than normal.
The effect is that the related particles, thus all atoms, masses, "feel" a much stronger gravitation at that distance ( about 1Mpc) from the main galaxie's mass. This is the effect of the so-called "Dark Matter". (We could re-translate "dark" as "resonant"...)
The redshift applied to electron wavelength is calculated as
zₑ = 2π∙K∙r/λₑ
with
K = 2G∙mᵥₑᵥ²/(ħc) = 8.13434(6)∙10⁻³⁴,
r distance between particles, and λₑ the electron's wavlelength. mᵥₑᵥ is the vacuum-energy-related mass (ZPE).
Roughly, with regarding resonance, we get a formula for the effective gravitation similar to
G_eff = Gₒ∙(1+2zₑ∙exp(-αzₑ))
Spacetime has 3 main properties
**metric, defined by relativity
**signature, Loreztian except in genetalized firms such as supersymetry
** geometry, usually hyberbolic
The Supervenance of spacetime properties and inevitability of relativity of time
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Is anyone familiar with 4th International Conference on Applied Science & Engineering or any of their previous conferences? I've been invited as a speaker, can anyone speak to the authenticity of this invitation?
I'm Afrikaans, my wife is German, and we both speak English fluently. Here are our family's language contacts:
- Afrikaans: My native language and our main language at home and with family. Our son has extensive contact with his Afrikaans grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and friends.
- German: My wife's native language. She tries to speak mainly German to our son, and his grandparent does too. However, outside our immediate family, very few understand German. (This complicates some interactions where inclusivity is key, like saying, "Show the nice lady your toy" in the lady's language.) One of our main language acquisition goals is for our son to be fluent in German.
- English: A language we're exposed to frequently. We have English-speaking friends, our church is English, and most media we consume is in English.
I'm currently learning German and cherish moments when I use German with our son—singing songs, reading books, or pointing out objects. Adhering strictly to the OPOL approach limits me to Afrikaans, which hinders my German learning journey—a language I'm passionate about and want to converse in, especially with my family. Being able to use German freely with my son would enrich both our experiences, but I want to know the risks involved regarding language acquisition.
My understanding is that OPOL is mainly to reinforce languages that might not come naturally to the child. Given that our son will likely be fluent in Afrikaans from various sources and German exposure is limited, would it be harmful if I continue my German interactions with him?
Any insights would be appreciated!
My attempt to promote listening was "Using Short-stories". It works fairly but there could be better options.
I might seem to be casually bluffing or speak insignificant...but I am onto finding out the code of the timetravel
if we use the letters A to Z as having codes 1 to 26 .
if x is a n charactered word.
y is another word.
c is another word and d another.
now say we have a matrix as ,
x y
c d
then by matrix multiplication, xd-cy
now how to subtract and multiply words.
Think about it.....we are not close but we should be trying
In educational institutions where English is taught as a second language, only 25% of listening happens in English but rather 75% of listening takes place in other language like Hindi/Urdu/Punjabi etc. In this way, English remains neglected in English classes.
This question speaks to the challenges that leaders face today incorporating DEI in teaching/leading others. There is a great deal of pushback with respect to learning, teaching, leading, examining history/culture, diversity, inclusion and equity in today's highly charged educational/political environment. New research, approaches and paradigms need to be developed as we move effectively forward in Academia.
Frankly speaking thrice time affected by COVID although covaxin taken but no harm to cancer patients.it depending upon metastatic position at that time of COVID affected person s .
I was patient but nothing happened.
You are welcome to respond to this question with your scientific thoughts.
Research indicates that in English-speaking cultures, people welcome interruptions during informal conversations, seeing them as a form of active participation. However, in Japanese culture, interrupting someone while they are speaking is considered impolite. What is it like in your culture or country? Feel free to discuss this issue. It would be even better if you could provide any relevant studies from your country!
Hi Everyone, I am studying the impact of culture shock on second language acquisition outcome. The hypothesis of my study was : "Culture shock has a negative effect on the overall second language acquisition of students. Moreover, listening, speaking, reading, and writing aspects of second language acquisition will all be negatively affected."
The results of my study showed that culture shock has a negative impact on overall second language acquisition and speaking,reading and writing aspects. However, there is no effect of culture shock on the listening aspect.
So, how should I write the conclusion of my study? should I write that my hypothesis is rejected or should I write it is partially accepted?
Thank you
If we aim to compute the surface phonon lifetime of a Cu(111) surface, the second and third-order force constants are essential (to put in Boltzmann transport equation). However, to my knowledge, it seems that no one has performed such calculations before. Theoretically speaking, is it possible to compute the third-order force constant matrix of a slab using DFT?
Edit: It seems that calculations for 2D materials have already been performed by many people. From certain perspectives, 2D materials and surface systems (slabs) are quite similar in terms of DFT modelling. However, their phonon modes can be very different, for example, the Rayleigh mode exists only in surface systems.
I am wondering if it might be possible to apply the methods used for 2D materials to surface systems by simply adding a few more layers.
l know it can vary depending on the specific journal and field of study. However, generally speaking, and in your opinion, what is the best time to submit a paper?
- June, July & August
- September, October & November
- December, January & February
- March, April & May
Please explain why you think students find speaking difficult. Please explain clearly and simply, how you would help them to improve their speaking skills.
Students who attend English Medium schools in non-English speaking countries like Bangladesh often face difficulties in enhancing their English language proficiency due to the lack of an English-speaking environment at home. This may be due to their parents being unable to speak English. In such circumstances, what are the possible problems that students may face in improving their ability to speak English?
Salvatore Settis (Il Futuro del Classico, 2004) changed radically the traditional concept of Greek culture created by the German classicists of the XIX century. Instead of the idea of an isolated independent Greek world, self-sufficient, where the famous miracle happened, S.Settis shows that since early times Greeks were very curious about foreigner cultural traditions. Moreover, Greeks recognized and assimilated knowledge from older civilizations. This perspective debunked the supposed superiority of modern European civilization based on the false idea of an Old Greece that never existed. From the Old Greek perspective, βάρβαροι are simply and just those who don't speak Greek, and not at all uncivilized people. This new paradigm of Greek Antiquity does not give anymore support to the self modern european image as the most civilized culture. The endlessly repeated expression, in schools and universities "we (modern western european) are Greek" is based on the nationalistic euphoria of the XIX century, that instrumentalized Old Greece for an ideologic purpose. Using a very strong frontal terminology, but absolutely true, S.Settis means that Greek were not racist or xenophobic. If "we are Greek" we do not underestimate the knowledge of much older civilizations like Indian or Chinese ones. On the contrary.
STANDUP COMEDY
Standup Comedy has a long history. During the Renaissance, the royal jesters were chosen by the king, and he chose people who looked ridiculous; they had bug-eyes, and humped backs, and were short and often deformed. They word motley (mismatched) clothing, and they also wore caps and bells, and they carried fake scepters with heads on the ends of them so that they could talk to the scepters and not directly to the king. Because they were so mis-formed, they were considered not to be in competition with the king, and were therefore allowed to say things to the king that no one else would have been allowed to say. Some jesters spoke through scepters (made from pig bladders), as when today’s ventriloquists speak through their puppets. It was a way of “distancing” themselves from criticism. Even today’s standup comics speak into microphones, which at the same time empowers the comedian and distances the comedian from the audience.
Early on, comedians sought to identify themselves with ethnicities. These went way beyond African American, Hispanic, and Asian communities. Scotch, Welsh, German, Norwegian, Jewish, and Irish were all fodder for joking—both from inside and outside the groups. Still today we see comedians desperate to stand out from the crowd. “Hot topics” in the 1960s and 70s, were politics, race relations, and sex. Alan King, Danny Thomas, Don Rickles, Joan Rivers, and Jack Leonard became popular at nightclubs and resorts, while Woody Allen, Shelley Berman, Phyllis Diller, and Bob Newhart became famous on television. African American comedians Redd Foxx, George Kirby, Bill Cosby, and Dick Gregory developed white audiences. Lenny Bruce was known as ‘the’ obscene comic, while George Carlin was arrested in July of 1972 after performing his still famous “Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television.”
Alan King, Danny Thomas, Don Rickles, Joan Rivers, and Jack Leonard became popular at nightclubs and resorts, while Woody Allen, Shelley Berman, Phyllis Diller, and Bob Newhart became famous on television. African American comedians Redd Foxx, George Kirby, Bill Cosby, and Dick Gregory developed white audiences. Lenny Bruce was known as ‘the’ obscene comic, while George Carlin was arrested in July of 1972 after performing his still famous “Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television.” In the 1980s and 1990s, stand-up expanded from nightclubs into major concerts with huge audiences. Bill Cosby and Steve Martin were “gentle” comedians, while Robin Williams was frenetic. Richard Pryor used an acerbic style, while Rodney Dangerfield and Buddy Hackett stuck with the old style, avoiding social satire. Saturday Night Live and The Tonight Show brought stand-up comedy to the whole country. One newspaper editor suggested that stand-up comedians were the new “heroes” in our society.
HBO was the first network to produce comedians without censoring them. This was partly because patrons paid for their services and so expected more. HBO produced 14 comedy specials starring George Carlin and his campaign against censorship. A new generation of comedians including Bill Burr, David Cross, Hannibal Buress, Chelsea Handler, Dave Foley, Todd Glass, Sara Silverman, and Demetri Martin do not have to worry about censorship of the kind that caused the Smothers Brothers to lose their show because of mildly criticizing the Vietnam war, or caused Jack Paar to walk off his show to protest his network’s censoring of an old British story about a confusion over whether W.C. stood for Wayside Chapel or Water Closet.
Bob Hope, Jack Benny, George Burns, Fred Allen, Milton Berle, Henny Youngman, Alan King, and Frank Fay are said to exemplify a pure form of stand-up comedy. They stood before an audience and managed to develop the kind of rapport that allowed them to speak—and laugh—with strangers who had suddenly become “friends.” Their performance comedy is more theatrical, more scripted, more elaborate, and more fully developed. Performers use costumes, props, and stage settings as do most of our contemporary late night TV hosts.
Don and Alleen Nilsen’s Humor PowerPoints:
Who agrees that knowing how to read a foreign language requires less mental space then knowledge to speak it ? How? Why? My answer: I agree that knowing how to read a foreign language requires less mental space then knowledge to speak it because speaking is recalling while reading is recognition.
Starting from Zhuangzi´s text:
魚罾之乎者也，莫之以其魚；
Yú zēng zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yú;
麗兔之乎者也，莫之以其兔；
Lì tù zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí tù;
白燕之乎者也，莫之以其燕。
Bái yàn zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yàn.
言之隨也，莫之以其義；
Yán zhī suí yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yì;
故曰，失之者，可勿捨乎？
Gù yuē, shī zhī zhě, kě wù shě hū?
Which roughly translates to:
"When it comes to those skilled in fishing traps, no fish can escape them. When it comes to those who pursue beautiful hares, no hare can elude them. When it comes to those who seek white swallows, no swallow can avoid them. In speech, it is the same: no meaning can elude those who follow words. Therefore, one may ask, those who lose something, can they not let it go?"
- Could this passage from Zhuangzi refer to how we SENSE the meanings on the tip of our tongue and yet can´t recall the actual word?
- Could this passage be read via Derrida´s DECONSTRUCTION?
- Could this passage be read via Heidegger´s ONTOLOGY of TECHNOLOGY?
- Could this passage be read via Foucault´s TECHNOLOGY of the SELF?
- But wait, what if the translation is wrong/ lacks nuances?
Wait, here´s Google Translation:
"If you are looking for a fish, don't use it as a fish; if you are looking for a beautiful rabbit, don't use it as a hare; if you are looking for a white swallow, don't use it as a swallow. If you say it, don't use it for its meaning. Therefore, it is said that if you lose it, you can. Don’t you want to give up?"
And then here´s another Interpretation:
"When it comes to skilled fishers using nets, there is no fish that they cannot catch. When it comes to those pursuing beautiful hares, there is no hare that can escape them. When it comes to those seeking white swallows, there is no swallow that can avoid them. In terms of verbal expression, it is the same: those who follow words can capture their essence. Therefore, one may inquire, can those who have lost something not let it go?"
Challenges in Interpreting Classical Chinese
The challenge of interpreting Zhuang is multi-fold. I´ll go by how I was taught to read Classical Chinese, that is character by character. However, it's crucial to approach interpretations of classical philosophical texts with care, as these texts often allow for multiple readings and perspectives. Different scholars may offer varying interpretations of the same passages, and the understanding of classical Chinese philosophy can be complex and nuanced.
魚罾之乎者也，莫之以其魚；Yú zēng zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yú;
Fish trap's one, also, not it with its fish.
麗兔之乎者也，莫之以其兔；Lì tù zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí tù;
Beautiful hare's one, also, not it with its hare.
白燕之乎者也，莫之以其燕。Bái yàn zhī hū zhě yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yàn.
White swallow's one, also, not it with its swallow.
言之隨也，莫之以其義；Yán zhī suí yě, mò zhī yǐ qí yì;
Words' following, also, not it with its meaning.
故曰，失之者，可勿捨乎？Gù yuē, shī zhī zhě, kě wù shě hū?
Therefore, it is said: One who loses it, can one not abandon it?
魚 (yú) - fish
罾 (zēng) - trap
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
乎 (hū) - interrogative particle, used in classical Chinese
者 (zhě) - one who
也 (yě) - also, too
莫 (mò) - not, none
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
以 (yǐ) - with, by
其 (qí) - his, her, its
魚 (yú) - fish
麗 (lì) - beautiful
兔 (tù) - hare, rabbit
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
乎 (hū) - interrogative particle, used in classical Chinese
者 (zhě) - one who
也 (yě) - also, too
莫 (mò) - not, none
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
以 (yǐ) - with, by
其 (qí) - his, her, its
兔 (tù) - hare, rabbit
白 (bái) - white
燕 (yàn) - swallow (bird)
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
乎 (hū) - interrogative particle, used in classical Chinese
者 (zhě) - one who
也 (yě) - also, too
莫 (mò) - not, none
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
以 (yǐ) - with, by
其 (qí) - his, her, its
燕 (yàn) - swallow (bird)
言 (yán) - words, speech
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
隨 (suí) - follow
也 (yě) - also, too
莫 (mò) - not, none
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
以 (yǐ) - with, by
其 (qí) - his, her, its
義 (yì) - meaning, righteousness
故 (gù) - therefore
曰 (yuē) - say
失 (shī) - lose
之 (zhī) - possessive particle, of, it
者 (zhě) - one who
可 (kě) - can, able to
勿 (wù) - do not
捨 (shě) - abandon
乎 (hū) - interrogative particle, used in classical Chinese
Do you have any ideas or fun stories to share related to AI, as now it's Christmas time, and I was thinking some fun stories would be a good addition to this time of the year?
Who Wants to Invite me To Speak at a Conference for Applied Mathematics and or Social Policy?
How can one objectively speak about subjective experiences?
JEWISH HUMOR
In 1978, psychologist Samuel Janus conducted a study which found that although Jews constituted only 3 percent of the U.S. population, 80 percent of the nation’s professional comedians were Jewish. The percentage of comedians is less today not because there are fewer Jewish comedians, but because in response to ethnic and gender identity movements, many new comedians have come from groups that were previously under-represented. Belle Barth, Danny Kaye, and other Jewish comedians substituted Yiddish for English when they wanted to fool English-speaking censors with risque jokes.
In Mel Brooks’ The Producers there is a play within the play called “Springtime for Hitler.” Dozens of dancers, singers, actors and pantomimists of every race and shape audition for the role of Hitler. The show’s opening production number culminates in the formation of a slowly turning swastika. The pillars at the back of the set are being lowered to a horizontal position and transformed into cannons. After seeing a bizarre interview on TV, Reiner turned to Brooks and said, “I understand you were actually at the scene of the Crucifixion.”
Brooks responded, “Ooooooh, boy!” and then continued in character saying that yes, he had known Christ. “He was a thin lad, always wore sandals. Came into the store but never bought anything.”
Henry Spalding says that much Jewish humor is in the form of honey-coated barbs at the people and things Jews love the most. Jews verbally attack their loved ones and their religion, but with the grandest sense of affection. Their jokes are “a kiss with salt on the lips, but a kiss nevertheless.” Dolf Zillman says that Jewish humor exhibits two antithetical statures: disparagement and superiority. This antithesis can be seen in the following joke:
The Israeli Knesset is lamenting all of the challenges that Israel faces.
One member of the Knesset suggests that Israel go to war against the United States. Other members say, “What?” “Such a war wouldn’t last 10 minutes.” “I know. I know. But then we would be a conquered country and the Americans would send us aid. They would build roads and hospitals and send food and agricultural experts.” “But,” said another member of the Knesset, “What if we win?”
Jewish stereotypes include the shrewd businessman, the overbearing mother, the Jewish American Princess, and the persecuted Jew. Arthur Naiman illustrates the stereotype of the overbearing Jewish mother with a story about a psychiatrist who tells a Jewish mother that her son has an Oedipus complex. The mother responds, “Oedipus, schmoedipus, just so long as he loves his mother.”
• Yiddish is the language of sarcasm and irony. It is also the language of Jewish culture. Richard Fein’s experiences were typical:
• “Yiddish was in my bones, but hidden from my tongue. I did not know Yiddish as a language, but I felt reared in its resonance, pitch, and tone. I recognized a few words uttered in isolation, grasped nothing of its structure, but felt washed in its rhythms. Although I could not speak Yiddish, it was not a foreign language. I never possessed it, but sensed it possessing me.”
Here is a sampling of Yiddish words and expressions:
Bobehla: “little grandmother” term of endearment
Chutzpah: gall or incredible nerve
Ganeff: a thief or mischievous prankster
Kibitz: kidding around
Mishmash: flagrant disorder or confusion
Nebish: a loser or sad sack
Nosh: a snack
Schmaltz: “chicken fat” sentimentality
Schmear: bribing or greasing the palm
Schmooz: a heartfelt visit
Shlemiel: clumsy or inept person
Shlep: carrying things (including oneself) in an undignified way
Shlimazl: fall guy or luckless oaf
Shnorrer: a beggar
In The Joys of Yiddish, Leo Rosten says that Yiddish syntax also enters the English Language:
Fancy-schmancy
kvetch
maven
mazel tov
tanz
Oy Vey!
Get lost.
You should live so long!
Who needs it?
He should excuse the expression.
It shouldn’t happen to a dog.
On him it looks good.
Other Yiddish patterns include virus schmirus, and a real no-goodnik.
Animals are enigmatic beings to us. Their emotions remain a mystery, and their communication methods are beyond our comprehension. However, consider the possibility of an individual who has an intimate understanding of a particular bird species, deciphering the nuances of their vocalizations. This knowledge could potentially serve as a bridge to translate their expressions and emotions into a human context, opening up the potential for an AI model to facilitate such translation.
How many languages can a human being speak fluently without forgetting within the same periods of such fluency?
for student who want to improve their presentation skills and make speaking engagements in fron of crow.
Should we learn from past mistakes and correct them in the present? Or should we smart enough to think rationally so that we don't need to follow adaptive expectations?
Alternatively speaking should we belong to Cagan School of thought or Rational Expectations school of thought?
Join, and show advocacy to the European Brain Council (EBC) which comprises nine member organizations, which are two of them are patient groups, and the other seven groups represent the research community, including the EAN and those working in mental health dedicated to overcoming socioeconomic burden on society from brain-related problems worldwide embarking from the EBC humanity efforts:
“We want to speak with one voice […] the individual funding organizations were all trying to do their advocacy, reaching out to the commission,” she said. “But it’s hard to meet politicians. If you have a common goal that all these organizations would support, it’s great to have one voice and one representative.”
“We want to translate that knowledge into new breakthroughs that can really help the patient,” she said.
The Re-Thinking series, which is a follow-on from the value of treatment studies, offers to rethink diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. “Our target audiences are those involved in policies, to tell them where we’re at.”
The Brain Innovation Days will take place on 26-27 October and are meant to be a platform where the community can interact with innovators.
The EBC is also leading a global partnership in brain research, to move its activities outside of Europe and to a broader scale.
European advocacy in the brain space
I am finding the topic for my dissertation. I a, interested in improving my students' speaking ability by use of correlative learning methodology.
The word knowledge is defined first as the “acquaintance with facts, truths or principles, as from study or investigation; general scholarship.” We must equate knowledge with firmly held true belief. Asking just how firm that belief must be is akin to asking just how big something has to be to count as being big. There is no answer to the question because ‘big’ lacks the sort of boundary enjoyed by precise words. To that extent, ‘know’ is vague. If knowledge entails certainty, then too little will count as known.
For scientific purposes, the best we can do is to give up the notion of knowledge and make do rather with its separate ingredients. We can still speak of a belief as true, and of one belief as firmer or more certain, to the believer’s mind, than another.
Analytics provide assertion for the beliefs expressed by the analysts. Analysts have trouble telling us, ‘there is no knowledge.’ Beliefs asserted by the big-data analysts are taken as sufficient for the analysed states of buying, consuming, or behaving. However, assertion does indeed require the analysts to attribute knowledge to themselves.
I am working in my final research project of a bachelor degree, I need more information about technologies in the classroom and the impact of google forms
When it comes to speech recognition software like siri, alexa, google translate; we human beings have different accents, slangs when we speak and we also do mispronunciations of words but still these speech recognition software still manage to understand us and this is where the Hidden Markov model comes in
My follower s or any reviewers can reply 🙏 it.if not then what circle we have got for its proper reply.are we accorded on this matter or science speaks different for particular cases
I have looked at data base management and applications, data-sets and their use in different contexts. I have looked at digital in general, and I have noticed that there seems to be a single split:
-binary computers, performing number crunching (basically), and behind this you find the Machine Learning, ML, DL, RL, etc at the root fo the current AI
-quantum computing, still with numbers as key objects, with added probability distributions, randomisation, etc. This deviates from deterministic binary computing but only to a certain extent.
Then, WHAT ABOUT computing "DIRECTLY ON SETS", instead of "speaking of sets" and actually only "extracting vectors of numbers from them"? We can program and operate with non-numerical objects, old languages like LISP and LELISP, where the basic objects are lists of characters of any length and shape have done just that decades ago.
So, to every desktop user of spreadsheets (the degree-zero of data-set analytics) I am saying: you work with matrices, the mathematical name of tables of numbers, you know about data-sets, and about analytics. Why would not YOU put the two together: sets are flexible. Sets are sometimes are incorrectly named "bags" because it sounds fashionable (but bags have holes, they may be of plastic, not reusable, sets are more sustainable, math is clean -joking). It's cool to speak of "bags of words", I don't do that. Sets, why? Sets handle heterogeineity, and they can be formed with anything you need them to contain, in the same way a vehicle can carry people, dogs, potatoes, water, diamonds, paper, sand, computers. Matrices? Matrices nicely "vector-multiply", and are efficient in any area of work, from engineering to accounting to any science or humanities domain. They can be simplified in many cases (eigenvector, eigenvalue, along some geometric directions operations get simple, sometimes the change of reference vectors gives a diagonal matrix with zeros everywhere except on the diagonal, by a simple change of coordinates (geometric transformation).
HOW DO WE DO THAT IN PRACTICE? Compute on SETS NOT ON NUMBERS? One can imagine the huge efficiencies gained in some domains, potentially (new: yet to be explored, maybe BY YOU? IN YOUR AREA). Here is the math, simple, it combines knowledge of 11 years old (basic set theory) and knowledge of 15 years old (basic matrix theory). SEE FOR YOURSELF ,and please POST YOUR VIEW on where and how to apply...
I performed nonlinear curve fitting on my data using Origin pro.
I think there is no problem with the fitting in the shape of the graph itself, but two values confuse me. Chi-square and R-square.
Both are understood as values that mean the variation between the actual data and the fitted data.
The R-square is calculated very close to 1, as I intended, but the Chi-square is too large. These results are believed to be conflicting.
Strictly speaking, the origin provides a reduced chi-square, but when I directly obtained the chi-square, it still showed a large value (~9794).
Some say that R-square does not apply to nonlinear regression.
Also, some say that it is difficult to believe the chi-square when the sample size (I understood sample size as data value.) is too large.
What should I believe?
Snobbery in the academics is alive and well it's doing harm.
Snobbery is a sense of superiority or exclusiveness, often expressed with condescending comments or actions that reject others. Snobbery is found throughout societies. Some people look down on those with less money or who live in a low-status suburb or who don’t speak with the right accent.
Snobbery in universities
You might imagine that universities would be free of snobbery, because everyone is involved in a quest for knowledge and scholars are supposed to make judgements about ideas, not about people. Anyone who has been around people in universities will soon hear plenty of stories to the contrary.
However, this type of snobbery has consequences beyond the immediate effects on people’s emotions. When teachers make belittling comments about students, it can cause some students to quit. Some junior scholars may even reject an academic career because of the patronising attitudes of senior figures.
I am in the process of writing a theoritical framework for teaching and learning the two productive language skills (speaking and writing) using technology, and I would like to explain that process relying on three theories, which are Vygotiskan theory, Swain's hypothesis of output and Long's interaction hypothesis. So, how should I organize the framework in an appropriate way, which can be well-organized and coherent?
Your guidance is really appreciated.
Hi,
I'm writing a legal assignment on concealing physical or mental flaws before marriage.
I tried searching for academic sources on Google Scholar and I didn't find any article that matches this topic, legally speaking.
can someone help me?
Standup Comedy has a long history. During the Renaissance, the royal jesters were chosen by the king, and he chose people who looked ridiculous; they had bug-eyes, and humped backs, and were short and often deformed. They word motley (mismatched) clothing, and they also wore caps and bells, and they carried fake scepters with heads on the ends of them so that they could talk to the scepters and not directly to the king. Because they were so mis-formed, they were considered not to be in competition with the king, and were therefore allowed to say things to the king that no one else would have been allowed to say. Some jesters spoke through scepters (made from pig bladders), as when today’s ventriloquists speak through their puppets. It was a way of “distancing” themselves from criticism. Even today’s standup comics speak into microphones, which at the same time empowers the comedian and distances the comedian from the audience.
Early on, comedians sought to identify themselves with ethnicities. These went way beyond African American, Hispanic, and Asian communities. Scotch, Welsh, German, Norwegian, Jewish, and Irish were all fodder for joking—both from inside and outside the groups. Still today we see comedians desperate to stand out from the crowd. “Hot topics” in the 1960s and 70s, were politics, race relations, and sex. Alan King, Danny Thomas, Don Rickles, Joan Rivers, and Jack Leonard became popular at nightclubs and resorts, while Woody Allen, Shelley Berman, Phyllis Diller, and Bob Newhart became famous on television. African American comedians Redd Foxx, George Kirby, Bill Cosby, and Dick Gregory developed white audiences. Lenny Bruce was known as ‘the’ obscene comic, while George Carlin was arrested in July of 1972 after performing his still famous “Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television.”
Alan King, Danny Thomas, Don Rickles, Joan Rivers, and Jack Leonard became popular at nightclubs and resorts, while Woody Allen, Shelley Berman, Phyllis Diller, and Bob Newhart became famous on television. African American comedians Redd Foxx, George Kirby, Bill Cosby, and Dick Gregory developed white audiences. Lenny Bruce was known as ‘the’ obscene comic, while George Carlin was arrested in July of 1972 after performing his still famous “Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television.” In the 1980s and 1990s, stand-up expanded from nightclubs into major concerts with huge audiences. Bill Cosby and Steve Martin were “gentle” comedians, while Robin Williams was frenetic. Richard Pryor used an acerbic style, while Rodney Dangerfield and Buddy Hackett stuck with the old style, avoiding social satire. Saturday Night Live and The Tonight Show brought stand-up comedy to the whole country. One newspaper editor suggested that stand-up comedians were the new “heroes” in our society.
HBO was the first network to produce comedians without censoring them. This was partly because patrons paid for their services and so expected more. HBO produced 14 comedy specials starring George Carlin and his campaign against censorship. A new generation of comedians including Bill Burr, David Cross, Hannibal Buress, Chelsea Handler, Dave Foley, Todd Glass, Sara Silverman, and Demetri Martin do not have to worry about censorship of the kind that caused the Smothers Brothers to lose their show because of mildly criticizing the Vietnam war, or caused Jack Paar to walk off his show to protest his network’s censoring of an old British story about a confusion over whether W.C. stood for Wayside Chapel or Water Closet.
Bob Hope, Jack Benny, George Burns, Fred Allen, Milton Berle, Henny Youngman, Alan King, and Frank Fay are said to exemplify a pure form of stand-up comedy. They stood before an audience and managed to develop the kind of rapport that allowed them to speak—and laugh—with strangers who had suddenly become “friends.” Their performance comedy is more theatrical, more scripted, more elaborate, and more fully developed. Performers use costumes, props, and stage settings as do most of our contemporary late night TV hosts.
How is the evaluation process at the level of secondary school in your country? Do educators divide the lesson into speaking, writing, listening, grammar sections?
How about your books ? Do they include speaking, writing, listening and grammar exercise parts?
Do educators use English or native language to instruct their students?
Do you have smart boards with internet access and use interactive materials and activities from the board?
How do you evaluate your students?( How is the design of your exams?)
Hi
Can you share with me any examples/case studies where the company was speaking in a different way from how the intended customers were speaking?
I’m currently writing a chapter called Lost in Translation: Case Studies of Misfit Between Companies and their Target Clients so this would be very helpful.
Dear Mohammad Masfiqul Alam Bhuiyan and Ahmed Hamma
I read your paper:
A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for Selecting the Most Sustainable Structural Material for a Multistory Building Construction
And these are my comments:
1- My comments do not refer to structural engineering but to MCDM procedures. There is no doubt that you have made extensive research for this article. I think that you took good care in selecting experts in construction engineering, but I am afraid that the same care weas not taken in the application of the MCDM methods. There are some incongruencies as well as inaccuracies.
You want to select the most sustainable material for a building construction, which implies considering at the same time and jointly the economics, the environment and the social field. However, you selected a method, AHP, which works opposite, since it analyzes separately and in a linear hierarchy, each of the four main criteria. I am not blaming the method; it was designed for that purpose; it is the incorrect use of a method that I understand is incorrect.
For instance, in Figure 2, the four criteria are not connected, which is not real.
Criteria like Technical and Economics are normally strongly related. For example, the technical department decides to use radiant flooring for heating (a technical system), which has a cost different of using a hot-water system (a different technical system). Technical is also related to environment, as in the case that technical decides to recycle waste water produced in the building, by treating it, it involves technical issues, economics and environment. They are not isolated.
As another example, suppose that engineering proposes to use radiant flooring, and the financial guys say that they don’t agree because there is no money for that, so they ask engineering to look for a less expensive heating. As you can see, considering individual aspects and solving them linearly, and then, adding them up, does not make sense.
This is the real-world.
2- In page 4 you say “The remarkable contributions of this research comprise the integration of technical aspects with the commonly used three pillars (economic, social, and environmental)”
Not so remarkable or new; this integration has been done for decades before your paper.
3- In page 5 you say “. Subjective (qualitative) methodsand objective (quantitative) methods are the two types of weighing techniques”
This is inexact. There are not qualitative and objective methods. That denomination applies to criteria. Normally, a MCDM handles both.
4- In reality, I don’t think that you can address a problem like this with four main criteria. What about risk, legal issues, topography, access to the site, material supply, constructors’ expertise, etc.?
5- In page 1o you say “3.6. Fuzzy AHP”
According to Saaty, the AHP creator, AHP never should be used with fuzzy logic, because AHP is already fuzzy.
6- In page 11 you speak about consistency. Yes, there is a FORCED consistency regarding the DM values.
This consistency indicates that the DM was more or less articulate; remember that there is a formula that forces him to be coherente, like it or not, and that the coherence or transitivity is his, andnot related with the real world, which is normally intransitive.
7- In page 21 you say “Steps 1 and 2: A pairwise comparison matrix was developed for each user to compute the relative priorities of criteria from the user’s point of view”
Suppose that you need to pair-compare criterion Stress, that is, the force applied in the middle of a beam, and Strain, which is its deformation regrading its central axis. Sincerely, I don’t imagine an engineer doing this comparison and deciding for instance, that stress is three times more important than strain. In my opinion, it is absurd; however, this is what pair-wise comparison is about. How can anybody trust the result of this comparison, and don’t forget that there can be ‘n’ engineers giving different values.
Considering this aspect, which is the object in performing fuzzy with arbitrary data?
8- In page 24 you say “The owner’s opinion was given a higher weightage of 40%, while the rest of the team received 30%”
Why? Because he is the owner and, in this condition, he knows better than other experts? This does not look very professional.
9- In page 26 you determine that RC is the best option. I wonder how you can reach that conclusion without considering the structural characteristics of the four alternatives.
It suggests that in this study all modulus of elasticity are the same, when it is known than this is different between different options, and even in different kind of timber.
10- What I still don’t understand is why you compute two different kinds of weights, objective and objective. Of course, the first is useful to consider the experience and know-how of the DMs, but how do you use both?
It is necesario to remember that both types of weights do not have the same meaning. Weights from entropy or using statistics, represent quantity of information of each criterion and they are capital to evaluate alternatives.
Weights from AHP are simply a relative measure of criteria importance and have no relation to alternatives evaluation.
11- In page 28 you say “In the end, this application generated several outputs for the users”
If at the end the users have several outputs, it appears that they came back to square one. In my opinion, what they need is one solution, not several.
I hope these comments may help you
Nolberto Munier
How can we increase motivation and decrease anxiety in foreign language courses speaking assignments for high school students that are virtual remote learners?
It is in fact inevitable that the future of tertiary level language teaching will be ESP approach based. Catering the learners' language need is the central focus. Based on learners' professional language need the course will be designed and the materials (texts for comprehension, listening scripts for listening, professional based writing genres and profession based situational speaking activities such as role plays, group discussion, presentation) will be provided.
ESP approach of language teaching expects the teachers to transform themselves to be an ESP practitioners so as to play the different roles of ESP practitioner. Learner-based and learning-based teaching will involve content-based instruction in dong the activities and tasks in the classroom.
I have tried some digital tools, but none of them provides a specific level/score. I need that tool for a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design where I implement a new program that is expected to improve pronunciation.
The best tool I have seen so far is ELSA Speak. However, ELSA Speak doesn't give the option of taking the test for many subjects.
Note: I am looking for a digital and objective tool, not raters or likert scale.
basic learning skills reading ,writing, speaking and listening
I want to be able to keep record, track expire date, send and receive notification on security clearance from an app that can do this.
Any that can help with any link that speak to this?
I have seen to many vloger's video to now and noticed, all international visitors that makes those videos gets some difficulties to easily communicate with the local communities during their travels.
So, will these difficulties create some sorts of disatisfaction on those visitors? and will become a pushing factor for a any country of that their community didn't speak a required language by the visitors?
I need sources about Collocation as a Learning Strategy to develop Speaking Skill
Is it not the responsibility of the non – language teachers (as they keep on teaching in regional languages)? How could non-language teachers help students make them speak English?
Kaixo! Marina Landa naiz, nire tesia euskaraz idazten ari naiz eta jakin nahi nuke ea badagoen "Grounded Theory" kontzeptuaren itzulpen zehatzik gure hizkuntzan. Eskerrik asko!
Hi! My name is Marina Landa and I'm writing my PhD dissertation in Basque - my mother tongue. I'd like to use an accurate translation for "Grounded Theory". Could anyone help me? Thanks!
Frankly speaking, does threshold pump intensity in Raman laser reduces 2 times (neglecting with interference effects) in the case of double-pass pumping ?
I found a study that has an english written abstract, and it's exactly what I need
I just don't speak nor understand the original language and cannot read the full text. Can I still use the english abstract?
People who speak more than one language are generally referred to as being bilingual, but there are many ways in which a person can become bilingual. Some grow up learning two languages at the same time, others learn them sequentially so that the mother tongue is learned first and a second language is learned later. Thus, Do people who grow up speaking more than one language use more brain area for language processing? And, does the brain use more resources especially for languages of different structures?
Hello dear community,
I am conducting a research project on assessing speaking and writing. I contextualize my study within the theoretical framework of Bachman and Palmer (1996). I am interested in learning more about recent theoretical framework models.
Could you please suggest some references?
Best regards,
what kind of methods, advices or exercise which can help readers to increase their confident while they perform infront of audience do you know?
I am speaking about coefficients optimization, therefore, which type can give a stable convergence especially, in the 3D case?
I am having trying to use NEBuilder Hifi assembly to clone 2 different plasmids using G Blocks from IDT. I CIP treated my digested vectors/backbones before gel purifying them. However, after 2 rounds of NEBuilder Hifi reactions using the CIP treated backbones and multiple attempts at transformations, I haven't gotten any clones, even though the NEBuilder positive control reaction yielded colonies.
I've seen some people mention that CIP treatments can reduce the efficiency of Gibson assembly reactions, so I was curious if anyone has any experience with CIP treatments in the context of NEBuilder Hifi assembly reactions. From speaking to NEB technical support, it theoretically shouldn't interfere with the reactions, but they haven't specifically tested it.
Any information/suggestions would be appreciated!
I m interested in research about speaking skills
Dear colleagues,
I have a further research about the influence of reading aloud to children speaking and listening skill. I need recommendations about reference, researcher, or instrumen about that.
Other researcher that have similar interest are very welcomed to discuss.
Thank you.
Is there any program I can use for the transcription?
My research is based on interaction of two people speaking both in English and Korean.
Dear all,
Please suggest me materials for teaching listening and speaking skills at tertiary level to ESL learners. Further give your suggestions for assessment.
I am looking forward to your responses.
Regards,
Dear ,
I want to work on a new research and I wonder if I have a questionnaire in English however my sample does not speak \ read English and I have to translate it into Arabic ( the language my sample speaks) is this need a new validity?
Many of the interview software packages, like Dragon Speak, will record and transcribe the interview and seem to work all right with a one-on-one interviews but seem to break down when there is a focus group with multiple speakers.
Does anyone have any suggestions on software that will work well with recording and transcribing a focus group?
I'm interviewing for a job and am not really sure how this works. Confidentiality, secure location, and other things are such that a rep can't exactly just walk into a i.e. a J&J facility and ask to speak to someone.
So if your group was wanting to start or grow their existing mAb bioprocess workflow, do the reps hear about it somehow and reach out to you or do you handle all the initial contact?
Does anyone have access to any of this article? I have already tried to contact some of the authors, but without success. I don´t speak Mandarin so is very difficult with CNKI where they are available through payment. I can not understand even the payment method or if I would have access from US. Thanks in advance for any help.
P.S. Even with google translator it was impossible understand the database.
DU Yu-ming YANG Jian-yu (College of Electronic Engineering, UESTC,Chengdu Sichuan 610054, China)
Linear FMCW radar is a kind of high-range-resolution radar, and motion compensation is a key problem to realize high range resolution. A multiple repetition frequency waveform is adopted and a Doppler frequency cluster (DFC) algorithm is proposed, which is capable of recovering true velocity from the coupled velocity estimation directly. Aiming at solving resolution of multiple targets, a match algorithm based on mean square error is also proposed. The combination of the above two methods realizes distance and velocity decoupling for multiple moving targets. The result of simulation verified the effectiveness of the methods, the velocity estimate performance of DFC algorithm improve obviously contrast to Chinese remainder theorem.
Which beams will yield and form plastic hinge first? beams located on the lower half of the building or beams on the upper part of the building? top storey is subjected to greater lateral force compared to bottom storey. However logically speaking, it seems that the bending of the structure will occur from the bottom first ( as if treating the whole structure as cantilever), and the upper portion just moves along with it, hence lower moment and less likely to experience yielding. Is it correct?
I have a question for you all , if you can take just a few minutes to respond, I shall be highly appreciate it.
Over the years, I have noticed that L2/SLA researchers are not as interested in investigating learning to read a new language as they are in investigating learning to speak and listening comprehend the language. While there is some interest in L2 writing, there seems to be more interest in writing than reading. I have found that interesting because, in L1, there are very strong relationships between reading and writing skills. Two questions:
1. Are my perceptions accurate?
2. If so, what is the reason(s)?
I asked another researcher, and here is the response:
Re. L2 researchers not being interested in reading, I'm not sure that's true across the board. Depending on the researcher's focus, they may be interested in the initial stages of learning, and there the focus would indeed be more on the basic building blocks of morphosyntax, the lexicon and/or phonology, but others are interested in more advanced stages as well and would then look at different skills, including reading. But I guess it would be correct to say that most work with educated participants and therefore treat reading (and writing) as a skill like any other, i.e. it's not got a special status compared with listening (and speaking). A few researchers are specifically interested in L2 reading only, e.g. those looking at strategies etc.
Your feedback is very welcome and any references are appreciated.
Thanks,
Edward on Behalf of:
Prof Richard Sparks
Every lit review I perform I think to myself, "there's got to be a better way... this is just so inefficient." Given the progression of academic literature over time, with twists and turns and breakouts into specialized topics, it is really difficult for me to properly picture the process and current state of knowledge on any given topic. I started speaking with a data scientist here at IU today about the topic, but usually find that any "new" ideas that I have were previously addressed by somebody much smarter. So I would like to know if there are currently any efforts along these lines so I don't waste time trying to reinvent the wheel. Heaven knows I need that time for lit reviews...
I'm struggling to find literature that can answer this seemingly straightforward question.
It seems apparent that for someone trying to integrate themselves into a new culture/society, learning the language is necessary.
I'm wondering however if there have ever been studies that have measured the degree to which speaking and reading/writing are differentially correlated with the degree of cultural integration?
Suppose a new immigrant had limited time/resources, and could either spend their time trying to speak to as many people as possible, or read as many texts as possible. Which one should they prioritize?
Any help is appreciated, thanks.
A valid theory that's experienced inside classrooms
Theoretically speaking, when subsonic reactant flow passes through strong deflagration waves (strong expansion waves), the products must be in supersonic speed. But this is not possible because it violates the thermodynamics second law.
Can anyone please explain how?
I need a questionnaire that speaks of the effectiveness of communication
