Space Science - Science topic

In my opinion, astro-tourism maybe can contribute to education in astronomy to the public on a wide scale. This can be achieved by providing experiences of using telescopes, observatories, and so on to experience directly how the process of observing celestial objects occurs.

In addition, astro-tourism can also engage the public to help collect data for the research being conducted, and can develop astro-photography programs guided by a team of astronomy experts to spread astronomy education to the wider community.

That's all, maybe it can help answer your questions, if there is something that is not quite right, I apologize.

Dear Prof. Lev Kurlapov,

Thanks for your suggestion but it's not related to one....

In brief, I am seeking "Onboard Triggering using Accelerometer during Captive Flight Testing".

Regards

Dear Prof. Victor Monzon Baeza & all the honorable researchers,

Preprints are defined as an author’s version of a research manuscript prior to formal peer review at a journal, which is deposited on a public server. ResearchGate (RG) said about "Preprints": "early-stage research" and "Draft paper before peer review".

On the other side, RG is not a publisher and, in turn, uploaded unpublished text is not regarded as a publication. Hence, a preprint is an author's own original or draft version of their paper before any peer review has taken place and before it is published. As soon as it's posted, a preprint becomes a permanent part of the scientific record and, in turn, it can be citable with its own unique DOI.

Now, before answering this valuable question of Prof. Aijaz Panhwar, please let me give my own opinion about the preprint dilemma (مُعضلة ما قبل الطباعة):

I have a different perspective on uploading any preprint anywhere before it has been published. Why do you let others know about your insights and methodologies before publication? You should avoid telling the other researchers about the details of any one of your papers until it has been published and seeing your name by yourself. You may say that I am somewhat old-fashioned, but I have a different perspective on uploading any preprint anywhere before it has been published by your name. My advice is not to put your research anywhere until it is published. It is a security issue:

Finally, for the coming future, do not upload any paper anywhere until it is published with your name. Even if it is a "preprint"! For the time being, If you had done something like that as a "preprint", for instance, I advise you to delete the preprint from any elsewhere and wait for two months before sending the paper to any journal.

I am interested to learn if it is possible "Ram Chandra Pageni" since I am doing research in Space Science.

Thanks for sharing.

I wish you every success in your work.

Nancy Ann Watanabe

The sun is relatively close to being a perfect sphere though has a slight equatorial bulge and is flattened at its poles due to its rotation. This is called solar oblateness.

Still, the sun is relatively close to being a sphere; its diameter is about 1,390,000 kilometers, bulging only by about 10 kilometers at the equator.

It would be interesting to see, how an artificial "Kordilewsky"-satellite serves in exploration of the vicinity of the L4 and L5 libration regions of the Earth-Moon system.

Half of the Mercury's orbit radius? Funny that it is commensurable.

For my work on CMES, I used Richardson and Cane catalogue:

Dear Sujan Prasad Gautam , I hope you will find it useful:

Here is a discussion of a revised SSN:

Generally a "magnetic storm" is defined by a decrease (negative values) in Dst from its quiet-time, near-zero baseline, something caused by an increase in the strength of the magnetospheric equatorial ring current. Magnetic disturbance can, however, be manifest in different ways, and the field is never completely still. So, you can see very mild levels of disturbance with only small decreases in Dst. Sudden commencements (that often precede storms) are manifest as an increase (positive values) in Dst.

Dear Ashok Silwal, you can find many data sets for running validations/comparisons from some past missions.

Here you can find some examples from the ESA GOCE and Swarm missions.

GOCE: https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/catalog/goce-tec-and-roti

Swarm: https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/swarm/product-data-handbook/level-2-product-definitions

For further details, you can find many references browsing these web pages.

Good luck!

Dear Sujan, we have our own script but we need to compare it with the values of Global community as well since a small error in the data can make big difference 😊

Thanks all, my problem is solved now. It is because of arxiv's Texlive 2021 new online compiler. But I use Winedt in my machine. The error was UTF-8 format error, after rewriting the text the problem solved.

Because we always wonder;

- where we came from,

- how we were created,

- who we are...

And questions like that...

I think we realized that we can't answer these questions just looking our home(earth).

Universe tells us the past, present and future. And it makes me really very excited. 🤩

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

Hello Dear Everyone,

In the New Year of 2021, I wish all researchers, scientists and users of the Research Gate portal fulfill their plans and dreams, success in their professional work and personal life, success in the field of research and publication of their results, all the best. I wish all my colleagues and friends from the Research Gate portal that the New Year 2021 will be better than the previous years, that the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic ends as soon as possible, that there is a quick return to "normal", to the pre-pandemic state . The year 2021 begins a new decade of many new challenges related to solving key problems of the development of civilization, solving problems resulting from the pandemic crisis, economic, social and climate crises, etc. Let us hope that the development of science, further scientific research, new technologies, the current fourth technological revolution will enable the solution of key problems of civilization development.

Happy New Year 2021

Best regards, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Same as fighting the COVID pandemic, we have the technology and know-how ... but not the wisdom to work collaboratively. #Greed #Ego #Individualism

LEO has been commercially active in both broadband and imaging constellations of 100 satellites or more. This scenario takes mainly into account "mega-constellations" of broadband, providing a low latency to accessible global broadband Internet.

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In this scenario a increasing number of countries have close parallel access to technology with large satellites in distant context , given the remote sensing capabilities that are available commercially and beyond the United States.

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In this scenario a increasing number of countries have close parallel access to technology with large satellites in distant context , given the remote sensing capabilities that are available commercially and beyond the United States.

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In these circumstances, many persistent LEO and GEO platforms for on-orbit operation, assembly and development (OSAM) are used by governments and the private sector.

As large satellites become the standard for competitive and host payload platforms, the satellite industry is versatile in designing , constructing and utilizing satellites that best fit a given application. drives the perception of profitability and consequently injection of funding and talent into other drivers, including the development of new technology, low-cost approaches, and infrastructure.

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-- The most important technology for the four scenarios examined comprises optical imagery, radio frequency interference (RFI), spectrum use, small platform optical communication, and propulsion system miniaturization.

-- Low cost approaches to development , implementation, and robotics and alternative business models, such as modularity and standardization are included. are included.

-- Professional practice of infrastructure include space awareness technologies and systems (SSA), ground stations networks and space relays, and low cost ground antennas and terminals. Infrastructure drivers include

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The fact that the four scenarios can be realised in the interim is driven

by the cost of their launch as well as the availability of reliable launch options.

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Smallsats may either render or ignore the relative value proposition for smellsats of alternatives such as terrestrial and airborne platforms and gradual and advanced developments in large satellites.

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The spectrum allocation policies of governments; RFI; protectionism/ mercantilism; debris mitigation; on-orbit regulation; and the management

of space traffic drive the private sector 's involvement in the smallsat ecosystem, both positive and negative.

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Useful thread Dear Ananyo Bhattacharya

I follow & recommend

Paul: Master or PhD degree in Space Science (or related field)

1. University College London

2. Politecnico di Milano

3. The Open University

4. KU Leuven

5. University of Leicester

I am not sure what to understand under term "colonize". Mars is a smaller planet than Earth, but it is still very huge object and pretty far away - and our present technology has difficulties even to land there by robots (though NASA is the best). So far there is no achievement to send a robotic probe that would be able to land there and return back to Earth... And we are ready to discuss about the colonization. What about "colonization", let's say, 10% of Sahara? We have lot of people for manpower, food, water supply, health care, good air to breathe, million tons of heavy construction equipment... If you mean to make "Mars habitable for humans" I am very skeptic, mother Nature is much-much stronger (will we make breathable atmosphere ? will we make artificial magnetic field to protect atmosphere against solar wind erosion?, etc...) Mars - perhaps for robots... For humans, top task is to save the Earth...

Please see

L.-H. Lyu: SPACE WEATHER STUDY USING MULTIPOINT TECHNIQUES (Elsevier, UK, 2002).

I am grateful to you all for answers and references.

Hope this discussion to continue.

Microgravity is the condition in which people or objects appear to be weightless. Means the individual quantum particles situates a resultant gravity which is theoretically equals to zero.

In the case of plants the chlorophylls are formed with huge number of quantum particles within. As the micro-gravity is said the photosynthesis must not be affected by this issue. But as the hormonal systems affects by the micro-gravity, the photosynthesis or photosynthetic activities could be affected. 

It is well known that different plants are having different different cycles like C1, C2, C3, C4 etc. and all of them are mutually dependent on photosynthesis for that reason the photosynthesis would be affected if the cycles got imbalanced. This is my best to give the answer regarding your query.

please, have a look at the following article first.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11; 96(10): 5356–5359.

PMCID: PMC33578

Helioseismology: Probing the interior of a star

P. Demarque* and D. B. Guenther†

also read the following references.

References

Jump up ^ . arXiv:astro-ph/0105054. Bibcode:2001A&A...373..190B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010585. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Jump up ^ . arXiv:1304.3337. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..23M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321282. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Jump up ^ Reiners, A.; Basri, G. (March 2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 496 (3): 787–790. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450.

Jump up ^ . arXiv:astro-ph/0309348. Bibcode:2003A&A...412..213D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031410. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Jump up ^ . arXiv:0805.3242. Bibcode:2008A&A...486..511L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809363. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Further reading

Hansen, C. J., Kawaler, S. D., & Trimble, V. (2004). Stellar Interiors. Springer. ISBN 0-387-20089-4.

Zeilik, M. & Gregory, S. A. (1998). Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics. Brooks Cole. ISBN 978-0-03-006228-5.

External links[edit]

Hi Hristo,

I have some experience in using the Landsat surface reflectance product, and have eventually validated this product over the urban coastal environment of Hong Kong, you can have a look in the attached publication.

Regarding the conversion of the surface reflectance product into percentage you can consult the LEDAPS SR product guide.

Majid

John no offence but IMHO old good math is still required - I use this as a starting point http://www.braeunig.us/space/, please go on Orbital mechanics there is a good example of Hofmann transfer with tangential impulse (when spacecraft manuever change altitude and inclination). And you need to know at least parameters of initial orbit (apogee, pedigree and inclination). 

Dr. Ken Schatten, long working in the NASA Goddard community, has developed methodologies for the long term predicts of the solar cycle.  Schatten used to generate a 3x3 matrix of predicts.  High-Nominal- Low in solar activity and Early-Nominal-Late in geomagnetic variations.

Of course not, because the words don't mean anything as such. What is required is a definition that spells out what ``(ir)reducible'' means in this context and provides a way for deciding whether a spacetime is (ir)reducible or not. I provided an example-I haven't seen any other here. The word `(ir)reducible'' appears in many places in mathematics-how it's intended to be used here is part of the definition.

Look at the chapter 9 of the Handbook of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The 2nd edition is free at the following link : http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/

There is some information on the Earth's atmosphere and environment including protons and electrons flux and density near the Earth's orbit.

The moment I got to the part where the "Big Bang created very tiny spiked sphere like objects", I stopped reading. Pointless nonsense, sorry.

Unobtainium...

If we allow quantum mecanics to enter in the picture then no determinism is there, only probabilities. Space and time will be seen as quantized, with fluctuations and under the well known physical laws of quantum mechanics. No determination.

Do you have IDL or Python ? One possibility would be to simply use IPAC-provided routines such as query_irsa_cat to cross-correlate your objects with close-by WISE sources by using their RA/DEC. As Dana said, XMatch is also a potential solution that would not require coding, if you do not need to use much more complicated considerations that angular distance in your cross-matching.

As your question talks about waves, rather than photons, I'll give you the classical answer, which works well in many cases.

The Lorentz force on the electron due to the EM fields of the wave is given by

F = e (E + v ^B)

where e is the electric charge, E, B, are the (time-dependent) electric and magnetic field vectors and v is the vector velocity of the electron.

For a classical EM wave we know that the magnitude of E is c times the magnitude of B. Hence, you can see that unless the electron is moving relativistically, then v<<c and we can neglect the B-field and write the Lorentz force as

F ~ eE

This approach works for processes like Thomson scattering from free electrons and gives a classical approximation to the interaction of light with atoms (which must then be modified by quantum mechanics through "oscillator strengths").

To provide the contrasting view (Martin has given some info), most impact cratering specialists doubt the Younger Dryas impact. Most impacts are identified on the basis of two primary geochemical/mineralogical features: shocked quartz, and platinum group element (PGE) enrichment. Discovery of a crater is also quite important, and one that was 12900 years old would certainly be obvious in the geologic record.

The Younger Dryas event has none of these. In the original paper, Firestone and others (see Firestone, R. B., et al. (2007). PNAS 104(41), 16016-16021) provided a number of lines of ambiguous evidence, including iridium enrichment of magnetite (a meteoritic indicator would be iridium enrichment of the bulk soil), charcoal, soot, and fullerenes with extraterrestrial He, among others. These studies may have been replicated, but replicating ambiguous data still only gives ambiguous results. The main research group still hasn't produced the key lines of evidence for an extraterrestrial impact: notable PGEs and shocked quartz. Instead, there is an appeal to cosmic airbursts (no crater), and cometary impactors (hypothetically low in PGEs, but not really).

That said, there's still some new data coming in for the idea that have been obtained independently. I wouldn't completely discard the impact hypothesis, but also note that not all extinctions require an extraterrestrial impact.

If that energy is electronic I would think not because the energy is being used to excite electrons to higher energy states.

Similarly with vibrational that energy is being used to give off heat during the vibrations but translational and rotational i would think you do get increased momentum which would result in higher effective mass.

Mr. James Garry, the research is ongoing. Some researchers already published their work on SmartWires for aircraft. Even myself when I was in USA, I prepared 3 pages proposal regarding SmartWires. As you said, we yet to find suitable solution for the above problem. Thanks.