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Southeast Asia - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in Southeast Asia, and find Southeast Asia experts.
Questions related to Southeast Asia
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Hello forum members,
I'm conducting research on vegetable oil fingerprinting. I need annual precipitation (rainfall) data for provinces in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Specifically, I don't know what it is called but, I need the **single annual precipitation value** (in millimeters) for each province for the years 2018 or 2019 or later, just any year after 2016, or maybe average monthly rainfall data. A data that can differentiate and groups between provinces.
Could anyone kindly provide this data or guide me to reliable sources where I can obtain it? Your assistance would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you in advance.
Best regards,
Note: I actually also need temperature and humidity data, but it's a bonus.
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source. Using global climate datasets is the best approach to obtain annual precipitation data for Thai, Malaysian, and Indonesian provinces using the same standard and source for your research. These datasets offer global rainfall, temperature, and humidity data in a consistent format. Among the reliable sources are: WorldClim (www.worldclim.org) is one source. It provides free climate data, including humidity, temperature, and rainfall. Average monthly or annual rainfall data at the province or grid level, spanning from 1970 to the present, is available for download. Province-by-province data can be extracted using GIS software. CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) is an additional source. It offers reasonably accurate rainfall data for tropical nations like Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia from 1981 to the present. Data from the Copernicus Climate Data Store's ERA5 Climate Reanalysis can also be used. It offers daily, monthly, or annual rainfall, temperature, and humidity data going back to 1950. Although the data is free, you must download and register. Check out ClimateData.org or the World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal for pre-made province-by-province data that doesn't require GIS work. They provide summaries of climate data at the national and provincial levels, though occasionally they only provide long-term averages. Since WorldClim, CHIRPS, or ERA5 data covers all three nations in a single, standardised format, this is the best method. Any year after 2016 can have its annual rainfall easily calculated, and the same source can also provide the temperature and humidity.
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Global brands face persistent challenges in adapting digital marketing campaigns to culturally diverse audiences, especially in regions like Southeast Asia where rapid digital adoption coexists with deep-rooted cultural heterogeneity. While AI tools (e.g., sentiment analysis, NLP) promise real-time cultural adaptation, many MNCs still struggle with:
  1. Predicting cultural misalignments in imagery, language, or humor.
  2. Balancing cost-efficiency (standardization) with cultural relevance (localization).
  3. Measuring ROI in fragmented digital ecosystems (e.g., TikTok in Indonesia vs. Line in Thailand).
For researchers and practitioners working in international marketing:
  • What frameworks or case studies have you found effective for cross-cultural adaptation?
  • How can AI mitigate risks of cultural insensitivity without over-automating human nuance?
  • Are there emerging tools or metrics to evaluate 'glocal' campaign success?
I’m particularly interested in Southeast Asia but welcome global parallels. Let’s collaborate to explore this intersection of AI, culture, and global branding!
#InternationalMarketing #CrossCulturalMarketing #AIinMarketing #EmergingMarkets #DigitalTransformation
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AI-Driven Strategies for Bridging Cultural Gaps in International Marketing
AI-driven strategies can effectively bridge cultural gaps in international marketing by enabling personalized content, real-time localization, and data-driven consumer insights. In emerging markets, where cultural diversity is high, AI helps businesses adapt their marketing approaches to local preferences.
Cultural Adaptation Through AI-Powered Localization
AI translates and adapts content, ensuring linguistic accuracy and cultural relevance.
Sentiment analysis helps brands align messaging with local values and consumer expectations.
Personalized Marketing Campaigns
Machine learning analyzes consumer behavior, allowing for targeted and culturally appropriate advertisements.
AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants communicate in local languages, enhancing engagement.
Predictive Analytics for Market Insights
AI identifies emerging trends and consumer preferences, helping brands tailor strategies to different cultural contexts.
Sentiment and social media analysis gauge public perception, enabling proactive adjustments.
Enhanced Customer Experience
AI streamlines customer interactions through adaptive recommendation systems.
Voice and image recognition technologies cater to diverse consumer preferences across different regions.
By leveraging AI, companies can overcome cultural barriers, ensuring relevant, engaging, and effective marketing in emerging markets while fostering stronger global connections.
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While there has been an effort to recognise practice as research in Malaysia, much of it being suppressed by the need of recognition through 'gold standard' of academic publication. While the methodology definitely helps practitioner-researcher, nevertheless it seems to be currently recognised in only certain part of the world. Can there be a future of Practice as Research in Malaysia or Southeast Asia as an officially recognise method of learning, researching and developing within the discipline of creative arts?
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I have been involved in Practice as Research for over 20 years now in Nigeria under various names. I employed the term Participant Observer in my PhD research work. However now I use the term Practice as Research and openly refer to myself as a Pracademic. I am pioneering this in Nigeria currently.
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do you know about that.
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They are not rising but have aalways been there. It is just that they are dressed up in different ways.
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it is well known that the great impact of Hindu civilization on culture in Southeast Asia dates back over 3000 years. The Bujang valley civilization in the Kedah region of Malaysia has revealed a steel making and exporting culture at least 800 years before the Christian era. This whole region consisting of Thailand (Siam), Myanmar, Cambodia, south Viet Nam, Laos, Indonesia which reveals a past in which the local culture accepted Indian languages, religions, art, technology etc. so much so that even today many city and person names and many words in local languages are of Sanskrit origin. Now, it is also clear that China was equally near, equally or more advanced in all cultural and technological matters. Rulers of Southeast Asia were in close contact with China and somewhat apprehensive of its power. Why is the Chinese culture not as impactful as the Hindu culture in these countries?
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Wonder full concept
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Liquid democracy and the future of governance is a very important scenario to discover. I am planning to work on Southeast Asia as a case study. If anyone is interested, please share your views.
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Liquid democracy is ready to use or apply in the Good Governance issues..
It can be achieved if the administration has become flexible to administer to amend in all possible ways.
Most of the societies hard stricken that could not be applicable to amend these liquid democracy aspects.
It is not only the effect of the Good Governance but also the behaviour and mentality of the stakeholders in the community or society.
The liquid democracy could be successful if the people have greater freedom to express their ideas and opinions openly in the forum's.
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I need a global above-ground biomass raster dataset from which I will subset a certain area of southeast Asia. I tried to use GEDI data but couldn't work out how to use this dataset. Is there any other data set that will serve this purpose? or can you point out how can I use GEDI AGB data?
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GEDI aboveground biomass density footprints (GEDI L4A) one year data can be searched and downloaded using python (codehttps://github.com/ornldaac/gedi_tutorials/blob/main/2_gedi_l4a_subsets.ipynb) in jupyter notebook. Then, you can export these footprints in GeoJSON or shapefile format which can be easily analysed and convert into raster in ArcGIS or QGIS. This data is discrete and sparsely distributed so you have to apply any predictive modelling approach like machine learning for the generation of continuous AGB map.
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I've been collecting & planting seeds of butterfly host plants for the restoration program. And I need research references especially for tropical Southeast Asia native species (include all types of herbs, bush, or shrubs). I looking forward to having some recommendations from botanical experts.
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I would like to be in communication with Botanists working on palms and hard fibers.
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Do you have information on Agave cantala (also Bombay aloe)?
Thanks in advance.
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Melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease of public health importance in southeast Asia and northern Australia that is associated with high case-fatality rates in animals and humans.
Melioidosis is associated with significant mortality attributable to severe sepsis and its complications. Please share your comments on the issue.
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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, including penicillin, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, rifamycins, colistin, and aminoglycosides.
Thanks!
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Grab seems like it's an important player in the digital scene in Southeast Asia. But what impact does it have in rural space? I'm looking for papers or personal insights.
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I can only share with you my traveling experiences in 2019 and the first weeks of 2020 (I have returned to Macao on January 19 at the start of the pandemic crisis). In Indonesia, I had access to Grab in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, but not in small towns and rural areas. The same happened in Vietnam: I accessed Grab transportation services in Danang, but they were not available in Haiphong and other smaller towns. These are large countries with huge populations, so I presume that GRAB will concentrate services, mainly transportation and food delivery, in the large metropolitan areas. As you know, in Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos, transportation in rural areas and small towns uses motorbikes and bicycles, while food is easily offered by countless peddlers and simple booths. I don't foresee any online services able in the next coming years to change these long-term sociabilities and economic patterns.
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Hello, is there any database or website that has information about microplastic ingestion of marine invertebrates in Southeast Asia? It can be any species or data, as long as it's marine invertebrates. Thank you so much.
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Hello,
A database of microplastic ingestion by invertebrates is a bit hard to find! Instead of that, look for reviews and articles then analyze their results!
Why not in the future, create a database if there is no one yet!
Best wishes to you.
M. B.
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WILD FRUITS - Who eats what? # An ecological study on wildlife of Southeast Asia We are looking for field observations on frugivorous interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant species, serving as potential seed disperser/predator to the plant seeds. Both the animal & plant names will be needed. Please contribute your knowledge or recommend to a friend who has field experience working with wildlife in Southeast Asia. Your help will be greatly appreciated! Questions and queries can be sent to randaiqq@gmail, or posted here.
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It was sloth bear (Melursus ursinus).
Thanks!
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China sends submarine drones to the sea in order to spy on its neighbors. Greater China spies at the Sea?! News and Facts?
Pray discuss and contribute. Be kind to eachother. Thank you!
In 2019 and 2020 submarine drones have been found in Indonesian Waters...
for more Info:
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Yes drones have become commonplace for military intelligence, and the cost have dropped. In Laos they did show a flying drone that had crashed, they claimed it to be one US drone, but from choice of material - wood - and slightly less good workmanship on both airframe and propeller I quickly concluded it more likely were Thai.
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I do not have the figures for researchers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), but for this discussion, I will assume that in a population of researchers, a fair fraction will be researchers in STEM.
The Philippines has a frustratingly small number of researchers (~188 researchers for every 1 million inhabitants). This is probably the reason it lags behind its neighbors in the STEM fields. This, I would suppose, has detrimental effects on the overall development of the country. Its neighbors, such as South Korea (~7500 researchers/million inhabitants), Singapore (~6700 researchers/million inhabitants), Japan (~5300 researchers/million inhabitants), Malaysia (~2400 researchers/million inhabitants), Thailand (~1200 researchers/million inhabitants), China (~1200 researchers/million inhabitants), and Vietnam (~700 researchers/million inhabitants), that have significantly larger densities of researchers have overtaken the Philippines in many aspects of development. Other countries, such as Laos (~16 researchers/million inhabitants), Cambodia (~30 researchers/million inhabitants), Myanmar (~29 researchers/million inhabitants) seem to also lag in many aspects of progress.
What might it take for countries such as ours to raise more researchers and scientists? Would you be able to provide suggestions on how we might do so despite the fact that the Philippines and other countries with small densities of researchers are low- to middle-income countries?
(Data on number of researchers per million inhabitants taken from UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=64)
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The researchers' "production" will not contribute to a significant increase in the country's development. First, there must be industry and capital that will need science to develop further. Otherwise, the researchers will have to move to countries where their knowledge will be needed.
Therefore, in my opinion, we need to develop entrepreneurship first.
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It is associated with Lymphatic Filariasis and are more geographically limited and occur only in SouthEast Asia.
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I think it is a mosquito-borne disease that spreads to Southeast Asia
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I am currently looking to administer an online questionnaire with staff and students working on EMI courses/programmes in SouthEast Asia and wondered if anyone could recommend any contacts. Ideally, I would like to reach out to both content faculty and those working on language/academic support (EAP) programmes. I’m also planning to do more in-depth analysis with several proposed university visits in 2019. I'm in the early stages of planning this project.
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Dear Nicola,
I am the head of Foreign Languages Department, South Ural State University, Russian Federation. I am deeply interested in the topic of EMI implementation and EMI teacher training. I would be happy to collaborate with you on the topic of EMI implementation and extend your research to the Russian Federation as much has been in Russia in the field of EMI implementation though it is not still visible on the global map of internationalization.
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I am looking for estimates of apparent annual survival for birds from anywhere in Asia, such as those produced from mark-recapture data collected from bird banding or ringing stations. I know that bird banding occurs in these countries (although not as common practice as in Europe or the States) so the question becomes do the data exist and have yet to be analyzed or have estimates been made and published in less accessible formats to an English speaker such as myself (i.e., government reports or student dissertations in languages other than English). If you know of any survival estimates from these parts of the world please let me know where I can find them. Thanks for your help RG members!
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Hello Micah,
We are working on bird ringing project which dedicated for migration performances and conservation.
Please look out our annual reports from my RG.
Best,
Batmunkh
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One of my articles [Cameron, Judith, Agustijanto Indrajaya and Pierre-Yves Manguin, 2015, "Asbestos textiles from Batujaya (West Java, Indonesia): Further evidence for early long-distance interaction between the Roman Orient, Southern Asia and island Southeast Asia", Bulletin de l’Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient, 101, p. 159-176] appears twice in my profile and both have my Indonesian colleague's name mispelled. Please correct.
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You can also remove a duplicate through this function
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I have looked at "white racism" research which generally shows up in contexts where there is a majority/minority dynamic. I am looking for racism research particularly directed towards Pakistani community, sometimes including Indians and Bengalis as well. In particular, I want to look at "othering" research focusing on Pakistanis/ browns, and othering by Middle Easterns, Black communities and South East Asians in particular.
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Salaams
I conduct research on the Indian community in South Africa. Would you like to chat?
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Hi,
I need help identifying plant species from pollen and other plant materials found in the feaces of a carnivore. I'm hoping to establish whether the animal lived in a fresh water wetland or in a brackish water mangrove ecosystem in Southeast Asia.
Thank you.
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Interesting
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Driven by rapid urbanization, economic development and changing consumption and production patterns, the consumption of single-use packaging has drastically increased worldwide. At the same time, waste management systems in many countries still lack effectiveness in terms of ensuring environmentally sound collection, recycling, energy recovery and disposal of waste. Governments, businesses, academia and civil society increasingly recognize that the linear model of “take-make-dispose” is unsustainable from an economic, environmental and social perspective and that a switch towards a circular economy approach of “replace-reduce-redesign-reuse-recycle” is necessary.
Increasing amounts of marine litter represent a growing global threat to marine ecosystems as well as the fisheries and tourism sectors. About 60-90% of marine litter consists of plastics, most of it transported via drainage systems and waterways into the sea from land-based sources. Jambeck et al (2015) estimate an annual plastic leakage into the ocean in the magnitude of up to 12 Mio tons with the main contributing countries located in Asia and Southeast Asia. Likewise, Lebreton et al (2017) state that the main larger river systems on earth transport the majority of plastic waste that enters the sea, with the highest contribution through 8 large river systems located in Asia. Plastic production started on a larger scale only in the 1950ties with 2 Mio tons per year but has reached a scale of 350 Mio tons production annually in the meantime whereas the total plastic produced is in the magnitude of 8 Billion tons (Geyer et al, 2017). Majority of plastic waste ends up in waste disposal sites with 30-40% of generated plastic waste (Worldwatch Institute, 2015). In developing countries a significant amount of packaging waste is burned either in backyards, along roads or dumpsites, mainly due to lacking waste collection, treatment and recycling systems. This scenario may further deteriorate since plastic waste accumulates at disposal sites, natural depressions, soils and the various ecosystems on land and in the oceans. According to the Worldbank (2018) the global annual waste generation may double within the next 30 years.
References:
Jambeck, J.R.; Geyer, R.; WilcSlat, B.ox, C.; Siegler, T.R.; Perrymann, M.; Andrady, A.;Narayan, A. & Law, K.L. (2015):
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Scincemag.org; Vol. 347, Issue 6223, pp. 768-771
Geyer, R.; Jambeck, J.R. & Law, K.L. (2017):
Production, use and fate of all plastics ever made. Law Sci. Adv. 2017;3:e1700782, 5 pages
Lebreton, L.C.M.; Zwet, J.; Damsteeg, J.-W.; Slat., B.; Andrady, A. & Reisser, S. (2017):
River plastic emissions tot he worlds oceans. – Nature Communications, 8:15611; 9 pages; DOI:10.1035/ncomms15611; www.nature.com/communications
Worldbank (2018):
What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. - Worldbank, Washington D.C, USA.
Worldwatch Institute (2015):
Global Plastic Production rises, Recycling lags. – Worldwatch Institute, Washington D.C., USA, 5 pages; vitalsigns.worldwatch.org
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Plastics are a major environmental problem and action must be taken in order to avoid its exponential growth. It is a global problem and international agreements on how to deal with it should be promoted. Possibly the degree of awareness is higher in developed countries where a number of measures are already being implemented but the situation can deteriorate very rapidly in developing countries where other priorities prevail. In this sense, industrialized countries have a greater responsibility in promoting global solutions. Technological efforts should also be devoted to the development of biodegradable, recyclable materials that can replace plastics as they are being used nowadays. Research efforts should also be made to treat in an environmentally friendly way the plastic waste which already exists. And all levels of government need to get involved in dealing with this tremendous task.
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I am referring to Lesbians and Gays' Public Display of Affection among Selected Countries in Southeast Asia. Thank you.
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Hi
Ivo Carneiro de Sousa
! I will not able to meet some of them personally . I will use an email/Skype in-depth interview with some of my respondents. Moreover, I can only use a personal interview and indirect observation with some of my respondents residing in the Philippines. I will appreciate your comment to improve my paper. Thank you very much!
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I'm looking for arelationship between the labour market and e-commerce.
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OECD DATA BASE , GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN CONCEPT WILL GIVE MANY ANSWERS TO YOUR QUERY.
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Nice to hear that your project is focused in Southeast Asia. Is Philippines included in the study sites?
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As I know, Philippine is included in Southeast Asia
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In 2006, Robert Ross argued that when a rising power can impact the security of a smaller state, the lesser states will accommodate rather than balance the new dominant power. His research was on the impact of the rise of China on secondary states in East Asia. I am looking for examples and literature on this phenomenon in South or Southeast Asia.
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Please refer to the works by Associate Professor Dr. Cheng-Chwee KUIK (RG: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cheng_Chwee_Kuik), who is the foremost scholar on responses by the smaller states in Southeast Asia towards big powers (especially on China).
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I cannot seem to find any available sources on the net for these identification guides. I want to try to identify a water strider in a creek in Subic, Zambales, Philippines
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There are some earlier publications (see example below), but identification these insects requires some experience. Better to contact your colleagues at the Museum in Manila (e.g. Henrik Freitag, which is available on RG).
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The issue of halal system has received considerable critical attention both either from academic circle and practitioners in recent years. It is well known that halal no longer applies to exclusively food production and consumption. The halal industry has now evolved from merely halal food products to a holistic halal concept that encompasses the entire value of commercial activities. The global halal marketplace of 1.8 billion Muslims can play an important role in addressing the issue of halal food and food related products (The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2011). The largest of these markets are located in Southeast Asia and West Asia. However, the lack of a recognized global halal compliance standard and certification process has caused a lack of confidence for consumers, and uncertainty for the business. Because halal logos vary between company and country, there is no assurance that all products used and the value chain are indeed halal.
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Market research:data collection, questionnaires, surveys, and consumers
panels, modes of buyers behavior; product functions; technical changes and economic of appropriate technology are good tools to measure consumer perception
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I am looking for databases where I can access open data. I already looked at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/search?query=hunter+gatherer where I found some data. This is a good starting point but maybe there is more out there.
We are looking for SNP data, we are trying to create a sample of hunter-gatherer populations, where we will include our sample.
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Hi Tobias, I am providing a PDF report from my database. It lists over 1100 populations, from several different regions of the world, for which Y-chromosome SNP data is abailable. Send me a list of the populations for which you would like data and I will send a bibliography of the studies that have data.
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Dear colleagues,
I have been following CEZA's developments in tin isotopy for years. I am running a large Pb isotopy project in Southeast Asia (rammed with tin, with production starting at least 4th c. BC) and have samples available if you wanted to collaborate.
Best wishes,
Oli Pryce
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Hi Oli,
we are indeed interested in expanding our research on tin isotopes to eastern Asia. We can discuss details via email...
Best
Daniel
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I am trying to get an updated (ideally 2016, but at least 201x) picture of the proportion of GDP accounted for by the Regional Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asian economies. The last estimates of their contributions to GDP I have seen are from the early 2000s. I have done an extensive web search.
Would anyone know of newer data for the region? This could be proportion of GDP accounted for, but also alternative measures such as ownership of businesses or proportion of total accumulated wealth in society.
All the best,
Michael
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A partial answer, with many thanks to Pavida Pananond for digging it up:
"Indeed, the Thai-Chinese have made a tremendous contribution to Thailand, particularly in the business world where their approximately 14% of the country’s population (more directly - about fifty ethnic Chinese families) controls 80% to 90% of the overall market capitalization of the country, 90% of its manufacturing section, 50% of the banking and financial services sectors (including the four largest private banks) and about 80% of the companies listed in the Thai stock market (Haley, Haley, & Tan, 2009; Seagrave, 2010; Weidenbaum & Hughes, 1996; Yeung, 2006)." (Franco, 2015, ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 2(2), p. 101)
Does anybody else have a comparable list for any other ASEAN country?
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How can CSR transcend from a company propelled activity into an act of social responsibility?
How extensively is communication used to achieve the objectives of both the sponsor company/organization and their beneficiary/beneficiaries?
Are we responsible as private citizens / private companies to help the government uplift the lives of the underprivileged and the underdeveloped communities?
Does CSR in Southeast Asia accomplish the same effects as it does in a first world country? (e.g. during calamities, and economic recession?)
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In emerging economies such as in southeast Asia firms play multiple roles that include community development. That is, firms could be major employers within a community, making it a core of the economic and social fabric of the local community.
In the Philippines, it is not uncommon to see firms play important roles in offering educational support or scholarships to employees' families, marginalised members of the community, or even to the extent of playing principal roles in disaster and relief programmes. They also play key roles in the social aspects of community life as sponsors or patrons of major events or initiative. 
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I am interested on how to move our regulatory framework from the "least cost" method of energy planning to the portfolio approach.
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To my knowledge no. But if you are looking for a RES portfolio approach have a look at these publications.
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Rice husk is abundant in many tropical countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. It can be used as fuel for energy production or be made into biochar. How useful is rice-husk biochar as a soil amendment?
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Thank you for every one here to answer the question about biochar
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I need key or any references  to identify bees species in Southeast Asia.
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I have some papers for Andrenids if you need I can send them by email 
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I am attempting to compare governmental responses to drug addiction--during the 1970s, 80s, & early 90s--among various Southeast Asian countries (as they relate to the Indonesian government's notably harsh response to drug use and addiction), This is part of a larger study that will assess the history of Indonesian pain-management & drug addiction over the last two centuries. Any input on this project would be most welcome.
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 hallo I reaserch about medicin of islsm for exampel rasez, Avecina
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I'm doing a case study on Singapore as a wildlife trafficking hub in Southeast Asia. Any information about Singaporean political drivers of the wildlife trade or political drivers of the trade in general would be greatly appreciated!
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I'm not sure that I would define them as "political drivers", it is more a case of political apathy, i.e. overlooking the issue or, worse, passively allowing trafficking to take place in deference to the vested interests of wealthy individuals that support the politicians.  For me, wildlife trafficking is market-driven - remove the market and trafficking disappears, but remove the politics and trafficking will still occur.
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There are many database of future climate models enlisted in following link. http://www.worldclim.org/cmip5_30s#2050
Among these which one would be best to work with in case of cryptogams.
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Dear Prakash,
Take a look at three climatic databases and see their strengths and weakness:
ecoClimate.org (compatible layers since Pliocene to the future - 2100)
worldClim.org (reliable layer at high resolution for present-day)
climond.org (a wider range of 40 bioclimatic variables for future, which may be interesting for modeling plant species)
Best
Matheus
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Hi. My name is Luong Manh-Tuan. I am working on my research into the changes of Vietnam's perception of its cultural and ideological closeness to China in the last 50 years. I am looking for some scholarly works to guide me in this research.
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Charles Benoit wrote a Ph.D. dissertation at Harvard University (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations) with the title "The Evolution of the Wang Cuiqiao Tale: From Historical Event in China to Literary Masterpiece in Vietnam," in which he traces how the great narrative poem "The Tale of Kieu" came into being-- from the historical figure Wang Cuiqiao (王翠翹), who lived in Ming dynasty China, to the 17th century Chinese novel 金雲翹 inspired by events in her life, to the 19th century Vietnamese poem (whose title reads as 金雲翹傳 in Chinese).  I haven't read his work, but from the little Benoit told me in conversation, I understood that this woman (insignificant in real life and not all that important as the heroine of a minor Chinese novel) was slowly molded, in the hands of the Vietnamese poet, into an iconic exemplar of the faithful wife— that is, even though Wang is forced into slavery and prostitution and even, at one point, has to take refuge in a nunnery, she remains true to her love— and in this way her story becomes emblematic of the Vietnamese national struggle. I don’t know if the dissertation was ever published, but if you can get hold of it you might find part of the analysis interesting. 
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What do you think are the outcomes and impacts of curricular amalgamation leading towards a common accreditation or quality standards of certain disciplines?  How does educational system integration affects the social standing, economic well-being and political empowerment of an individual?
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Prof:
In my region's experience with such integration, all the Aesean countries may not be at the same level of development, so allowances would have to be made where such integration is done on a phased basis. Here's what's available in ResearchGate;
Best regards,
Debra
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The ASEAN Integration 2015 compels member countries to align and harmonize their educational system with each other.  How will it affect an individual's preferred profession or career?  How much will be the financial burden of a country in relation to its capacity to pay, i.e., cost of schooling per capita?  What would be its expected impact to the culture and social standing of the population?  In what way will an educational system integration empower the people to make them active participants of political processes and governance?
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The Philippines and other countries in southeast Asian region had established ASEAN not just for mutual defense (previously, it was named the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization, akin to NATO) but for stronger cooperation in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres.  By next year, it can be expected that a lot of those provisions for cooperation will be in place.
One of the basic tenet of ASEAN Integration 2015 is on higher education.  Majority of the population of member-countries are not so aware of the direct impact of integration to their lifestyle.  However, academicians are so concerned considering that those who came from so-called "low-quality" schools will be competing with those who graduated from high-profile universities.  The manner of raising the bar of quality education is not so easy considering the fact that a lot of these countries are still in the middle stage of development.  Thus, there are issues which are of grave importance that has to be addressed first before we can say that these countries are ready for integration.
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Chen SC et al. Longterm survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinomas. HPB 2013;  15,  951–957
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In our dept too majority of PDs are for priampullary carcinomas.I am not sure about the data.
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Can anyone point me at relevant reading for a discussion/ critique of the IDPoor system vs wealth ranking using SES from PCA. Has there been any investigation of the ranking/classification that results from the two approaches? Thank you.
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Thanks Andrew
I will go and read up
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Locals of the Mekong river like living in their houses on river with low quality of life condition than on the mainland.
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@ Zen
thanks for your answer.your idea is helpful for me. But there is one thing may wrong that is floating house cannot apply in the middle of Vietnam.Because this area has complex topography, so river flow is faster and stronger than Mekong Delta.
hope to having more your suggestion.