South America - Science topic

Plants of the genus Arachis originated from South America and are cultivated worldwide. The genus Arachis contains 83 species and nine intrageneric taxonomic sections. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) belongs to the Arachis section, the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg.) belongs to the Caulorrhizae section, and the pere...

The multi-billion dollar ornamental plant trade benefits economies worldwide but shifting and more streamlined globalised supply chains have exacerbated complex environmental, sustainability, and biosecurity risks. We review environmental and social costs of this international legal trade, and complement this with analyses of illegal plant trade se...

Examination of environmental heritage, cultural diversity, and educational action in museums in the political mobilization of indigenous populations for constitutional rights and public policies, between 2011 and 2014. The sources are the daily press and institutional, public, and private documents. The study identified new impulses in the struggle...

Analysis: Women migrant nightworkers play an important role in Ireland's food, accommodation and entertainment industries, but are undervalued and underpaid Women migrant nightworkers in food, accommodation and entertainment industries perform fundamental forms of work. Yet, they are invisible in plain sight, undervalued and underpaid. What does th...

Observational and modeling studies indicate significant changes in the global hydroclimate in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries due to anthropogenic climate change. In this review, we analyze the recent literature on the observed changes in hydroclimate attributable to anthropogenic forcing, the physical and biological mechanisms under...

This study addresses a notable gap in the climate change literature by examining the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI–ML) in urban climate change adaptation and sustainable development across major global continents. While much attention has been given to mitigation strategies, this study uniquely delves into the AI–ML’...

People quickly and involuntarily form impressions of others based on their facial physical attributes, which can modulate critical social interactions. Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable and conspicuous facial traits among human populations. Empirical evidence suggests that these variations reflect ancestral ecological selective pressure...

We are being asked if Jewish communities outside of North America, Europe, and Israel are trending towards more Orthodox observance and it has altered their views on Israel and Zionism. As noted, "In both the Argentinian and South African case studies, Zionism and identification with the State of Israel are on the decline, and stricter observance o...

The present contribution aims to describe new fossil bird remains coming from early-middle Miocene beds (Pinturas and Santa Cruz Formations) in Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina. These include a new tinamid, a basal anseriform, one anhimid, two new tadornine ducks, possible gruid, psophiid, and parvigruid cranes, an uncertain falconid, a ne...

Dryinidae wasps are poorly known in the regions of the Neotropics. Because it is a group considered rare in most collections, most species are obtained in sporadic collections using Malaise traps, flight intercepts, yellow pan traps and sweep nets. In this study new distribution records for 14 Dryinidae species belonging to three genera are provide...

Based on morphological and molecular data, Brotulella n. gen. is proposed to accommodate the dactylogyrid monogeneans Brotulella laurafernandae n. sp. (type species) and Brotulella luisahelenae n. sp. on the gill filaments of the Pacific bearded brotula Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) from Puerto Pizarro in the Tumbes region...

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are highly effective in wastewater treatment and have generated lines of research with a focus on technological development and implemented innovations. This work concentrates on the most recent technical and scientific advances that have obtained optimal results in the construction of CWs using sustainable materials and...

Smoke particles originating from biomass burning events are typically assumed to be spherical, yet non‐spherical smoke particles are also reported from in situ observations. The spatial and temporal distributions of non‐spherical smoke particles, which could have impacts on passive‐ and active‐based satellite aerosol retrievals, are not yet well un...

Plain Language Summary Understanding the subduction process and how the mantle flows is pivotal in understanding the planetary evolution of Earth. Yet, several subduction characteristics remain unsolved, and the angle of plate subduction, which is often categorized into <30° (shallow), ∼30–35° (normal), >35° (steep), is one of those. Subduction of...

Veronica peregrina L. (Plantaginaceae) is a native species to North and South America and an alien to Europe. This species was first found in Lithuania in 1829, and no later records were made for almost two centuries. In May 2023, Veronica peregrina was rediscovered in Vilnius, Lithuania. Groups of plants and solitary individuals were scattered ove...

Scrub typhus, an age old disease, is caused by the intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. It has reemerged in recent years due to factors like climatic changes and human encroachment because of rampant urbanization. The disease is endemic in the area known as the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’ and has recently spread its fangs into various other...

Invitation Nov. 29th in Graz: The da Vinci Globe dating from 1504: A premiere for Styria. The University of Graz and the Center for the History of Science are hosting a lecture (in German) by Prof. Dr. Stefaan Missinne (RGS Fellow). The title of the lecture is: Der da Vinci Globus aus 1504: Eine Premiere für die Steiermark. (The da Vinci Globe dat...

A database for the Iraqi Sorani Kurds, specifically focused on the 12 X-short tandem repeat (STR) loci, has been developed to fascilitate forensic and population genetics investigations. The present study involved genotyping 117 unrelated individuals from the Sorani Kurds ethnic group using the Investigator Argus X-12 QS kit. The analysis revealed...

Fossils of an insectivorous bat from the early Miocene of Panama are described as a new genus and species, Americanycteris cyrtodon (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae). Americanycteris is a large phyllostomine bat, similar in size to the living species Chrotopterus auritus. Americanycteris cyrtodon can be distinguished from other closely r...

Oxalis debilis Kunth, an invasive plant native to South America, has already spread extensively throughout various regions in China including West China, East China, Central China, and South China. It poses a certain degree of damage to the local ecosystem and demonstrates significant invasive potential. Utilizing distribution information along wit...

The genus Alstroemeria originates from South America, and Chile is one of the countries showing the highest number of taxa (49), of which 40 are endemic. However, anthropogenic and environmental factors are affecting the survival of these species; therefore, the conservation of their genetic variability is of great importance, and can be achieved t...

Global Precipitation Measurement satellite and ERA5 reanalysis data are used to study the 4D (latitude, longitude, altitude, time) distribution of rainfall intensity and latent heating fields over the rainiest region on Earth, located over western Colombia and the far eastern equatorial Pacific. The annual and interannual variability and the locati...

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is an important forage in South America and the United States because of its high palatability, resistance to trampling and grazing, and tolerance to cold, but it exhibits low seed yield and poor seed quality. Previous studies reported improvements in forage production and nutritive value in hybrids and ecotypes...

In agriculture, crop biomass is a vital indicator of the overall health of an ecosystem. Recent developments in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technologies have promoted the application of SAR remote sensing for agricultural monitoring. SAR imaging systems are unaffected by atmospheric conditions yet are sensitive to the structural properties of ve...

Tecia solanivora (Povolný 1973), is a quarantine pest in Europe. Identified in Guatemala in the 1970s, it spread throughout Central and South America, reaching the Canary Islands in 1999 and mainland Spain in 2015. The pest has caused prohibitive economic losses both in the field and in storage, where losses can reach 100%. In the absence of approv...

Background Cefiderocol (FDC) is a last line treatment for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA). FDC retains activity against CR-PA by inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins facilitated by active uptake of drug via TonB-dependent receptors (TBDR). Prior, we have shown an association between mutations in TBDR genes and loss of FDC s...

Background Malaria chemoprophylaxis is indicated for travelers going to geographic areas designated as endemic for malaria. Often persons traveling to their native countries where malaria is present consider themselves immune and decline chemoprophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate malaria chemoprophylaxis utilization in a travel clinic and wheth...

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused an unusual epidemiological scenario-an epidemic within a pandemic (COVID-19). Despite the inherent evolutionary and adaptive capacity of poxviruses, one of the potential triggers for the emergence of this epidemic was the change in the status of orthopoxvirus vaccination and eradication programs. This epidemic...

Background Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, can range from pulmonary to disseminated infections. While it is endemic in certain regions of the world, including North and South America, Africa, and parts of Asia, it is considered rare in India. However, recent reports suggest an increasing incidence of histoplas...

Background Disease surveillance is crucial for timely detection and control of diseases. In Brazil, mandatory disease notification is required through the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disease burden and patterns in Brazil, a representative region of South America and other dev...

Food security is defined as having physical and economic access to enough, safe, and nutritious food to suit all people's dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life at all times. In Sub-Saharan Africa, women produce 70% to 80% of household food, 65% in Asia, and 45% in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite unequal access t...

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Latin American cities adopted earthen construction techniques from European colonizers. As a result, rammed earth (RE) buildings now occupy an important place in Latin America’s cultural heritage. However, earthquakes around the world have shown that unreinforced earthen constructions are highly vulnerable. For s...

Background The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20), developed to expand protection against pneumococcal disease, is approved for adults in several countries and for pediatric use in the United States. Tolerability and safety data from PCV20 pediatric studies are described. Methods Five randomized studies in infants (1 Phase 2; 4 Phase...

CLAAS-3, the third edition of the Cloud property dAtAset using SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager), was released in December 2022. It is based on observations from SEVIRI, on board geostationary satellites Meteosat-8, 9, 10 and 11, which are operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (...

During the Quaternary, Chaco Phytogeographic Domain (Chaco) flora in subtropical South America experienced temperature and humidity fluctuations, primarily driven by wind dynamics, leading to significant shifts in species distribution. The palm Butia yatay is endemic to the Chaco and thrives in areas characterized by a warm–rainy climate and mostly...

Background AZD7442 is a combination of two half-life extended monoclonal antibodies, tixagevimab and cilgavimab. A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model for AZD7442 included interim data from phase 3 trials in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP; PROVENT), post-exposure prophylaxis (STORMCHASER), and treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (TACKLE) in...

Aim: To evaluate the contribution of naturalists Francis de Castelnau, Jacob Heckel, Johan Baptist von Spix, Johann Natterer, Louis Agassiz, and Rudolf Kner to the knowledge of taxonomic diversity of freshwater ichthyofauna in Brazil between the years 1829 and 1859. Methods: Two data matrices were constructed: one with information on freshwater f...

Adaptation to different salinity environments can enhance morphological and genomic divergence between related aquatic taxa. Species of prawns in the genus Macrobrachium naturally inhabit different osmotic niches and possess distinctive lifecycle traits associated with salinity tolerance. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of adap...

In this study, a machine learning model was used to investigate the potential consequences of climate change on vegetation growth. The methodology involved analyzing the historical Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and future climate projections under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Data from the Global Inventory Monitor...

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Breast cancer patients in developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and South America, suffer from the highest mortality rate in the world. One crucial factor contributing to the global disparity in mortality rate is long delay of diagnosis due to a severe shorta...

The objective of this review is to investigate the distribution and the characteristics of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) implicated in ovine mastitis, and especially in subclinical cases, in order to provide a global perspective of the current research data and analyze specific critical aspects of the issue. PRISMA guidelines were impleme...

Resumen: Este estudio aplicó un método de revisión sistemática siguiendo directrices de la declaración PRISMA. Se analizó la producción científica sobre competencias de investigación en estudiantes de Educación Superior. Se exploraron las bases Web of Science y Scopus, considerando el período 2013-2022. La muestra fue de 32 estudios que cumplieron...

The genus Anaphalis DC. belongs to the tribe Gnaphalieae of the family Asteraceae and comprises of c.110 accepted species worldwide. It represents the largest genus in the tribe Gnaphalieae with major distribution in Asia, North and South America. In India, there is significant species diversity with 42 taxa (37 species and 5 varieties) which are w...

Stefan Zweig’s relation to the phenomenon of migration is indeed a complicated issue, which can be approached from at least three perspectives. Firstly, there is the biographic aspect: as one of the major representatives of the German exile literature (Exilliteratur), Zweig has one of the most dramatic biographies among the German authors in the 20...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on daily life. In hospitals, the impact of the pandemic was observed in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. In this work, we explored potential changes in activities related to the treatment of foreign body injuries (FBIs) in children and the behavioral habits of physicians during the f...

Propolis has been extensively studied and several chemical constituents, mainly flavonoids, terpenes and phenolics, have been identified. With the emerging microbial resistance to antibiotics, the interest in the search for active compounds, mainly secondary metabolites of plants, has been increasing significantly. In this chapter, we describe the...

Chagas disease is a vector-borne (triatomine) infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Synonyms for this disease are: American trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and T. cruzi infection. 10, 5 The most common form of transmission of Chagas disease is through hematophagous triatomine insects (triatominae), which develop in dwellings...

The current panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) continues to decimate wild bird populations in Europe, North America and South America. However, the Antarctic is the only major geographical region in which HPAIV has never previously been detected. Here we report on the emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in the Antarctic...

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard producti...

The larval morphology of Crephelochares Kuwert, 1890 and Peltochares Régimbart, 1907 is described in detail based on specimens of C. abnormalis (Sharp, 1890) and P. atropiceus (Régimbart, 1903) collected in Taiwan; the chaetotaxy of the head capsule and head appendages of both genera is described for the first time. Larvae were obtained by laborato...

Introduction 829 players from 32 nations on five continents participated in the 2022 men's World Cup tournament in Qatar. Not much is known about the youth careers of World Cup players from all over the world, especially about the age at which they began playing youth soccer in a professional academy. This study aimed to provide insights in the age...

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume crop [1,2] whose life history offers an ideal evolutionary model to identify adaptive variants suitable for breeding programs [3]. Here we present the first common bean pan-genome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads representing 339 genotypes. We found ~243 M...

The low-electron flux variability (increase/decrease) in the Earth’s radiation belts could cause low-energy Electron Precipitation (EP) to the atmosphere over auroral and South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) regions. This EP into the atmosphere can cause an extra upper atmosphere’s ionization, forming the auroral-type sporadic E layers (Esa) over...

The Lagoa do Peixe National Park is an important federal protected area for migratory and resident birds located on the middle coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Nevertheless, the ornithological fauna of the Lagoa do Peixe National Park is still underestimated. The main goal of this article is to review all available ornithol...

There is some evidence that Charles Darwin was somewhat tired and homesick on the last leg of the Beagle's voyage, from Cape Town to Falmouth, May to October 1836. However, his geological observations remained at a high level, and numerous rock specimens were collected in Cape Province, at Bahia and Pernambuco in Brazil, and on the volcanic islands...

Bombus dahlbomii. We gathered a comprehensive database of occurrence records for B. dahlbomii, B. ruderatus, and B. terrestris from museums and citizen science sources. Multivariate bioclimatic niche analyses and species distribution models were used to determine the extent of climatic niche overlap between invasive and native species and the poten...

Latin American universities have a strong tradition in discourse studies. Beginning in the sixties, local discourse analysis approaches introduced a critical turn that started in linguistics and semiotics and crossed social sciences establishing a new critical perspective. Ecolinguistics and environmental studies, on the other hand, present a diffe...

The exploration of natural H2 or white hydrogen has started in various geological settings. Ophiolitic nappes are already recognized as one of the promising contexts. In South America, the only data available so far concerns the Archean iron-rich rocks of the Mina Gerais in Brazil or the subduction context of Bolivia. In Colombia, despite governmen...

Decreasing soil moisture and increasing frequency and intensity of soil drought episodes are among the frequently discussed consequences of ongoing global climate change. To address this topic, a water balance model SoilClim forced by climate reanalysis ERA5-Land was applied on a global scale to analyze the spatiotemporal variability of changes in...

Opossums are considered resistant to rabies. Nonhematophagous bats are reservoirs of rabies in urban areas of South America. We analyzed bats and opossums tested for rabies during 2021 in a highly urbanized city in Brazil to understand spillover in an urban setting. Wildlife surveillance is necessary to prevent rabies in humans and domestic animals...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

Screen Culture: Global History traces the screen culture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including media industry, audiences, and some genre of film and cinema, television from broadcast to cable to streaming, and other video aspects of internet and smart phone delivery and use. These are examined across varied nations around the world...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The article reports on the outcomes yielded by two different virtual exchanges conducted before and after the forced closures of academic institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. They were designed considering interests and motivations of Gen Z students (Seemiller & Grace, 2016) and aimed at including a Global Citizenship Education approa...

In a globalised society, characterised by increasingly demanding markets and the accelerated growth of the digital approach, sports organisations face the challenge of connecting with fans, generating and maintaining audiences and communicating with stakeholders creatively and efficiently. Social media has become a fundamental tool, with engagement...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The aim was to describe the morphological aspects of the eyeball and associated anatomical components of Tapirus terrestris. The study was performed with two heads, with unknown origin, donated to the Laboratory of Morphological studies of Veterinary Medicine College in Araçatuba city. SP. External aspects revealed similarities with other mammals;...

Tematyka duszpasterskiej działalności rektora Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Argentynie o. Lucjana Łuszczkiego OFM (1910-1991) to tylko przyczynek do dalszych badań nad osobą zakonnika. Ukazano jego dorobek na tle krótkiego życiorysu, ze wskazaniem najważniejszych wydarzeń przypadających na pobyt w Ameryce Południowej – obchody Tysiąclecia Polski (19...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...

Microsporidia are natural pathogens of arthropods and have been used as biological control against insect pests. In the United States, efforts to control the invasive Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta, and Black Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis richteri, have included the use of the microsporidium, Kneallhazia solenopsae. However, there is lim...

The first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers. Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of thes...