Somalia - Science topic

Dear Morshidi and Arize,

I am inviting you and all other academics who are interested in expanding their academic networks and connecting with other academics from all over the world to join the Researcher Collab app. You can download the app for free from the App Store or Google Play. It has just been launched, so I would be glad if you became a part of our community and supported us. I wish you all the success in your academic life.

Best Regards,

Dr. Morcote Santos

first of all, Somaliland is not dependent on Somalia to issue its passports. Somaliland, which declared independence from Somalia in 1991, has established its own government institutions, including its own passport control system. It issues its own Somaliland passports, separate from those issued by the Somali government.

Dear Mr. Abdi!

I think the following studies give a decent starting point to discuss the imperative question you presented:

1) Mäkelä, T., Fenyvesi, K., Kankaanranta, M. et al. Co-designing a pedagogical framework and principles for a hybrid STEM learning environment design. Education Tech Research Dev 70, 1329–1357 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10114-y, Open access:

2) Hurley, M., Butler, D. & McLoughlin, E. STEM Teacher Professional Learning Through Immersive STEM Learning Placements in Industry: a Systematic Literature Review. Journal for STEM Educ Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-023-00089-7, Open access:

3) English, L.D. Ways of thinking in STEM-based problem solving. ZDM Mathematics Education (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-023-01474-7 Open access:

4) A case-study: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Hervin Maulina, Novinta Nurulsari, Ismu Sukamto, Ahmad Naufal Umam, Karlina Maya Mulyana,

Impacts of integrating engineering design process into STEM makerspace on renewable energy unit to foster students’ system thinking skills,

Heliyon, Volume 9, Issue 4, 2023, Open access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Learning from flood risk management in other countries:

(a) UK:

1. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06507.x

2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4200-3_1

3. and Germany https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12305

4. http://www.ilankelman.org/articles1/lewisetal.2009corr.pdf

(b) Norway:

5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01074.x

6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01080.x

(c) Czech Republic:

7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9_5

8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9504-9

9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12132

(d) Bangladesh

10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080805

11. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-12-2017-0318

12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.06.011

Somalia is a country with a complex history of political instability, civil war, and economic underdevelopment. Since the fall of the Siad Barre regime in 1991, Somalia has been struggling to establish a stable and effective central government. The federal system of governance that was adopted in 2004 aimed to address some of the challenges facing the country by decentralizing power and resources to regional and local authorities. However, the impact of federalism on the political and economic development of Somalia has been mixed.

Political development: On the one hand, federalism has provided opportunities for regional and local actors to participate in decision-making processes and to exercise greater autonomy over their affairs. The establishment of regional states has allowed for greater representation and inclusivity of diverse communities within the political system, which has been critical in promoting stability and reducing the risk of conflict. Furthermore, the division of power and resources between the federal government and regional states has led to more effective service delivery in some areas, such as security, healthcare, and education.

On the other hand, federalism has also contributed to the fragmentation of the country and the entrenchment of clan-based politics. The competition for resources and power between the federal government and regional states has often resulted in conflicts and tensions, which have undermined the capacity of the government to provide effective governance and address the needs of the population. Moreover, the lack of a strong central government has made it difficult to implement policies and reforms at the national level, leading to a patchwork of often conflicting regulations and laws.

Economic development: Federalism has had a limited impact on economic development in Somalia. The country remains one of the poorest in the world, with high levels of unemployment and poverty. The division of power and resources between the federal government and regional states has hindered the development of a coherent and coordinated economic policy, leading to a fragmented and uncoordinated approach to economic development. The lack of a strong central government has also made it difficult to attract foreign investment and support, which is critical in promoting economic growth and development.

In conclusion, federalism has had both positive and negative impacts on the political and economic development of Somalia. While it has provided opportunities for greater participation and inclusivity, it has also contributed to the fragmentation of the country and the entrenchment of clan-based politics. Moreover, it has had limited impact on economic development, as the lack of a strong central government has made it difficult to attract investment and coordinate economic policy.

This is my research thesis which concerns about Somali economy. I hope it adds some value

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357063936_The_Poverty_in_Somalia_How_Can_Economic_Reform_Policies_and_Conflicts_Destroy_a_Country%27s_Way_of_Life?_iepl%5BgeneralViewId%5D=ZWBi3Pw8DnMJ7GCHxkyd1NMMRsXJLgXlE3VX&_iepl%5Bcontexts%5D%5B0%5D=searchReact&_iepl%5BviewId%5D=ypFiAuCgZR4ta58nj4tWKeQG1s3VeIqu3U8i&_iepl%5BsearchType%5D=publication&_iepl%5Bdata%5D%5BcountLessEqual20%5D=1&_iepl%5Bdata%5D%5BinteractedWithPosition4%5D=1&_iepl%5Bdata%5D%5BwithEnrichment%5D=1&_iepl%5Bposition%5D=4&_iepl%5BrgKey%5D=PB%3A357063936&_iepl%5BtargetEntityId%5D=PB%3A357063936&_iepl%5BinteractionType%5D=publicationTitle

Dr. Zahir Ansari, thanks a lot for your support. Hope to work with you in the future.

Best Regards

Mohamed Hazem My suggestion would be to contact the government departments responsible for health care In each country. If you can explain the objective of your survey and offer to share the results of your research they might be prepared to help. Best wishes. Richard

Notions of effectiveness of land use are not likely to suffice. What is needed upfront are government policies for implementation of systematic land surveying and titling programs that recognize all forms of land tenure: public and private; formal and customary, including those of pastoralists or others with weak formal rights; collective and individual, including women’s rights; and rural and urban. Thence, the specifics of land use can be looked into with reference to the most appropriate reference material, case by case.

The maritime limits of of an nation are usually governed by one of the only truly international legislations, known as UNCLOS (United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea). It defines 3 different limits, namely:

Territorial Waters: Up to 12 nautical miles from a country's agreed coastal "baseline" extending seawards. Most countries can exercise their outright (national) jurisdiction in all matters only until this limit. Anything outside this limit falls actually within International Waters.

Contiguous Zone: extending 12 nautical miles seawards from the Territorial Waters, i.e. 24 nautical miles from the baseline, within which a country can exert "limited" jurisdiction with respect to its customs, immigration or pollution laws.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): extends upto 200 nautical miles from the baseline. Mainly concerned with the exploratory limits for living and non-living natural resources (oil/gas/fishing) to which a country has sovereign rights.

The definition of "Baseline" can differ depending on the area in question, but in most cases it is quite close to the actual coastline (referenced to the visible coast at low tide).

However, like any other legislation of international significance, UNCLOS is fraught with certain inconsistencies and disagreements, in certain areas.

You may refer to below link to give you an idea of what the situation is:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/maritime-boundary#:~:text=Territorial%20sea%20is%20defined%20under,and%20air%20space%20above%20it.

It's my pleasure to collaborate in this project....

Fatma, Nursing Department, Oman

Leishmania are obligate intracellular protozoa that infect mononuclear phagocytes. I suggest you try to centrifuge the blood samples and inoculate the buffy coat layer. This may increase sensitivity to recover the parasite and eliminate potential inhibitory factor/s. Good luck

Good question. These are dynamical systems. So, search for the physics. The tools of mathematics will be embedded in the physics.

without corruption common fund should reach to the Somalian people then they will be better

natural calamities we cannot control but forecasting will help to save the people so forecasting technology should be in open to the people

Prosopis juliflora locally known as "mathenge " in Kenya is commonly used by locals in Somalia to burn charcoal, one of my Somali colleagues mentioned.

Something is hiding us. We must be cautious...

Economic Problems of the LDC'S INCLUDE the following;

Poor agricultural practises

Reliance on agriculture

low per capita income

Poverty

High dependency Ratios

Poor infrastructure

Corruption

Foreign Aid misallocations

Overpopulation

The Case of Somalia Applies except in Somalia Insecurity hinders several economic activities from taking place hence underdevelopment.

Have you ever traveled to Somalia?