Social Science - Science topic

Muhammad Ali Khan, I anticipate a radical change in the placing of global political powers with a rise of new emerging ones and the declining of others.

The question raised my attention, because some recovered patient reflect that they are stigmatized by their neighborhood upon returning home from the hospital. I am not sure if this situation is generally happening around the world. It's good to hear your experience in US

Dear Alex Al,

But please provide specific fields, disciplines or issues within the social sciences and I will try to help in this matter.

Regards

Dariusz Prokopowicz

That book has an extensive bibliography, so I would follow their recommendations.

Desarrollar contenido aducativo para alojarlo en una plataforma requiere mucho tiempo y recursos. Además, tienes que crear los usuarios para los maestros y estudiantes, capacitarlos previamente en el uso de la plataforma, entre otros.

En lo inmediato, lo esencial es utilizar un canal de comunicación directa donde el maestro pueda presentar la clase en vivo y asignar las tareas a los estudiantes. Por ende, las plataformas que permiten realizar videoconferencias son idóneas en tal sentido. Son amigables, no es necesario disponer de material didáctico más que una presentación powerpoint, por ejemplo, las personas crean su propio usuario, pueden acceder desde sus teléfonos inteligentes y no requieren demasiado conocimiento para usarlo por primera vez.

No puedo dejar de mencionar que tenemos resultados satisfactorios usando las videoconferencias para el teletrabajo. Algunas herramientas que pueden ser útiles:

- Meet de Hangouts

- Zoom meetings

- Classroom de Google

- Google forms

- Correo electrónico

Totally agree. Typical objectification of women! Junel Padigos

Rhiannon Phillips I am very interested in this aspect to make a scientific paper studying the Coronavirus COVID-19 in terms of social sciences

One has to be careful this days not to publish in predatory journals. They are numerous and lure academics to publish in them.

Hello,

Completely, it's very easy to observe at the moment a lot of transformations in the routine operations to virtual/online, but not only: it's, notablly, obvious enough to see how consumers are going to change their purchasing behaviour.

They are adopting new practices, for instance, home deliveries for their shopping or still pick-up on drive-sites (you understand ? like Mac drives).

Bye

Depth psychology is relevant, in my experience.

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

In the context of the above discussion, I propose to add to our considerations the following important issue:

Scientific conferences make it possible to make friends with other scientists and researchers. During the conference there are opportunities to conduct discussions and debates on interesting topics. Thanks to this, it is possible to undertake scientific cooperation and create international research teams and projects.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

- What do you think about this topic?

- What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

The above discussion inspired me to the following considerations regarding the following issues:

Collaborative publication of scientific papers as a presentation of research results carried out by teams of researchers and scientists.

Joint publishing has many positive aspects. Publishing in co-authorship is often the result of the presentation of research results from team-led scientific research, is the result of research and scientific projects conducted by teams of researchers and scientists, and increasingly international research teams. There are many positive attributes associated with this. In a scientific publication written by a team of authors, joint conclusions from conducted research may be presented, with which all researchers, scientists of a given research team agree, and there may also be polemics and discussions that will significantly enrich the substantive values ??of a given scientific publication. In addition, if individual researchers, scientists of a specific international research team represent various countries and scientific environments, possibly also various scientific disciplines, then a specific jointly conducted research project obtains the attributes of interdisciplinarity, internationalization, etc. The possibilities of presenting multi-author texts and scientific papers, including scientific publications that were created to present the results of research carried out by international, interdisciplinary teams of researchers and scientists.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello Fizza Qureshi. Think about the distinction between partial and semi-partial (aka., part) correlations. What happens if you compute semi-partial correlations rather than partial correlations? My guess is the results will be consistent with what you're seeing in your regression results. HTH.

PS- To get semi-partial correlations with SPSS (which you listed as a topic), use the ZPP option on the STATISTICS sub-command of the REGRESSION command. ZPP is short for zero-order, partial & part correlations.

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLVMB_26.0.0/statistics_reference_project_ddita/spss/base/syn_regression_statistics_independent_variables.html

RE: «Isn't it better to speak & write in terms of "conditions-for" instead of 'causes'?»

Wouldn't the conditions have to be casual conditions? Sure, causal explanation is pragmatic or interest-relative, and we focus on a causal factor that's relevant to us. So to light a match I think of causing it to light by striking it, our usual practice. I suppose in a certain kind of anaerobic environment, a more salient action might be injecting oxygen at the moment and point of striking.

Regular eating raw garlic strengthen the immune system of the body.

AI can save our time & help in collecting many data what humans cant. In fact AI can share researches with the entire world. That's obviously the benefit part. But the challenge is the propergal & ethical use of AI devises to reserach.

Just start simple with equal weights , but it can be become quite sophisticated

these two volumes will help on the Bayes estimation:

Criminologists are increasingly theorizing about relationships between life-course occurrences and patterns of criminal behavior. The life-events calendar method features interviewing conditions that respondents find more pleasurable than those typical of traditional survey administrations. It also provides a way to collect retrospective longitudinal data that is cheaper than using traditional panel designs and potentially more practical when dealing with unstable respondents that would be difficult to re-contact. The life-events calendar method provides data that are rarely worse and typically more comprehensive than data derived from traditional surveys, making it a viable option for criminologists who conduct survey research. The life-events calendar method encourages accuracy in self-reporting by providing respondents with visual and verbal cues that facilitate recall, utilizing reference points to improve precision and establish temporal ordering, and facilitating respondent-researcher interaction. The life-events calendar method is therefore ideal for studying offenders and others who feature memory problems, cognitive difficulties, co-occurring risk factors, and instability in their lives.

First off, I suggest that you avoid predatory journals/publishers. Secondly, if your research had roots in psychology although it’s conducted in an education setting, I would recommend the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology which is an A-rated journal in psychology.

See the following example:

The current evaluation of the Impact Factor of the Journal based on the number of times was cited by the number of articles that are frequently cited by many users. Moreover, it is focused on Citation Reports, Citation Impact, and h-index, Citescore, Yearly Impact Factor, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) and SCImago Journal Rank, etc. With regard to the popularity and reputation comparison between Natural Science Journal and Social Science Journals is that the number of users mostly cited the particular paper per day.

My favorite ones are comparison, case studies, and interviews.

Dear Zainin Bidin ,

Thank you for your participation in discussion. I think both are important. But the topic of discussion is about being competitive in the information age.

I will take into consideration your comment!

Regards,

Dr. Atoyan

Am not sure Santiago I follow what you said. Elasticity can be used and Beta weights can be used. If I understand you? I will interpret elasticity as I % increase in the RHS variable changes the regressand by the estimated sign and coefficient of the RHS eg LnY= 2 -0.5Ln(X) -- Here a percent increase in X decreases y by .5 on the avg

I would keep my critical points about the hidden assumptions of CBE studies (Kaur et al. 2020).

1. "the experience offered by consumer engagement helps in developing an emotional connection with consumers that makes them brand loyal"

hidden assumptions:

(1) the approach is firm/provider centric = it asks how to get brand loyalty instead how brands empower beneficiaries when the beneficiaries use the brands,

(2) the approach studies "value-in-exchange" instead "value-in-use" that empower beneficiaries for the rest of their lives

2. The CBE's ”I like to know more about X” and all other items (table 1)

hidden assumption:

when individuals perceive X as valuable, it is valuable - it consequently puts the collective values that should be studied into a back box,

- it measures what is easy to measure instead what is important = collective cultural values = institutions that drive collective value formations and their transformations that are also declared as a research priority.

What is your point about the study?

Do you agree with me?

Literature

Kaur, H., Paruthi, M., Islam, J., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2020). The role of brand community identification and reward on consumer brand engagement and brand loyalty in virtual brand communities. Telematics and Informatics, 46,

https://cyberpsychology.eu/index good journal Q3 D. Maharani

Three hundred years ago, if a woman was raped and became pregnant we'd kill the rapist and spare the baby; today, we spare the rapist and kill the baby.

Our Human Herds; the Theory of Dual Morality - 2019

Thank you Lusine!

This confusion is also reflected in a discussion that took place only recently here in the Forum:

I know some of the people who wrote this and would trust that they read everything.

https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/about/submissions click here. create an account and you can make a submission.

Bio, Psycho, Social

Many thanks for the kind comment...

No, thank

Si, siempre y cuando se tenga comprobación tacita del estudio.

I think for Social science APA is the best and its cover all your needs

I have to assess conceptual papers occasionally as a reviewer and more frequently as a reader. My assessment practice is not so different from the assessment of empirical papers. My first question always is: Does the paper raise a relevant question? Does it address a gap in our (in this case, theoretical) knowledge? Since I mostly do empirical research, one of my criteria for relevance is the impact of the question and answer on empirical work. Although I admit that there might be papers whose relevance is purely theoretical, I tend to prefer those that support empirical work (e.g., by clarifying concepts and relationships between them).

This rules out most papers that just discuss differences between theoretical approaches. It also rules out papers that propose a new theory to solve a problem that does not exist outside this particular theory. In the latter case, nothing is lost if the paper is not published :).

If the paper addresses a relevant theoretical question, my second criterion is the quality of the answer. Does the paper really solve the problem it poses? Is the argument theoretically consistent? A common problem in this respect is that answers combine theories that rest on contradictory ontological or epistemological premises.

I hope this helps.

The goals of teaching social sciences in the school are to instill social values, customs and traditions as well as build a human personality, study the hopes and aspirations of society, and contribute to the socialization of students...

Dear Dr Singh,

You can check for following journals.

1. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy (https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/ijssp.htm)

2.European Journal of Social Science: ( https://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com/ejss_submission.html )

3. Journal of Social Studies Education Research ( https://jsser.org/index.php/jsser )

4. The Social Science Journal ( https://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-social-science-journal )

Here is a recent application that uses the more recently developed framework

sorry not to be more helpful but your question is very encompassing, and this area is not my specialty!

“You could never convince a monkey to give you a banana by promising him limitless bananas after death in monkey heaven.”

― Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

thank you, all the best to come

I highly recommend this article which discusses the dangers of imputation, mean imputation in particular. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~acock/missing/working%20with%20missing%20values.pdf

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

In view of the above, in the ending of 2019 I am asking the following question:

In my opinion, technologies for processing large data sets in Big Data database systems and other information technologies, information processing services on the Internet or data obtained from the Internet, including social networks. The Internet of Things will continue to grow dynamically, supporting enterprise process management systems, computer data processing, Business Intelligence, etc. In addition, other technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.

Therefore, in the context of the above considerations, the following important question arises:

What are the main determinants of the development of internet communication and information services?

Below are some of the technological fields and development determinants of internet communication and information services that have been rapidly developing in recent years:

1. The use of information systems, ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies, including Big Data, Business Intelligence in building and improving specific models of information technology management in organizations.

2. Industry 4.0 technologies are used in the processes of disseminating open innovations in new online media and in securing them, i.e. in developing cyber security technologies.

3. The development of marketing in recent years is determined by the development of Industry 4.0 technology and the development of open innovation on the Internet.

4. Industry 4.0 technologies are also used in the development of transaction systems and transaction security in the field of e-commerce and online banking.

5. In recent years, Industry 4.0 technologies have also been used to improve risk management processes.

6. In recent years, the impact of the implementation process of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into teaching processes in schools has been noticed.

7. Technologies of advanced data processing Industry 4.0, including above all Learning machines and Artificial Intelligence is also used in the attempt to build machines equipped with the ability to self-improve the performed tasks and programmed activities.

8. In addition, in recent years information technology and Industry 4.0 have also been used in many other areas of industry, services, production technology improvement, in medicine, biotechnology, in forecasting the future development of complex processes, in various branches and sectors of the knowledge-based economy.

Ad. 1: ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies are used in the development of advanced data processing technologies and Big Data analytics and Data Science analytics, Data Analytics used in economics, finance and management of organizations, including enterprises, financial and public institutions. In my opinion, scientific research confirms the strong correlation between the development of Big Data technology, Data Science analytics, Data Analytics and the effectiveness of the use of knowledge resources. I believe that the development of Big Data technology and Data Science analytics, Data Analytics and other ICT information technologies, multi-criteria technology, advanced processing of large information sets, and Industry 4.0 technology increases the efficiency of using knowledge resources, including in the field of economics, finance and organization management. In recent years, ICT information technologies, Industry 4.0 etc. have been particularly dynamically developing and are used in knowledge-based economies. These technologies are used in scientific research and business applications in commercially operating enterprises and in financial and public institutions. Due to the growing importance of this issue in knowledge-based economies, an important issue is the analysis of the correlation between the development of Big Data technology and Data Science, Data Analytics, Business Intelligence and the effectiveness of using knowledge resources to solve key problems of civilization development, e.g. in the implementation programs for the quick implementation of the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development in economic processes in accordance with the green economy philosophy and the financing of programs for the creation and implementation of ecological innovations, and the urgent implementation of necessary ecological reforms. The goal of these pro-ecological business venture programs is to reduce the level of environmental pollution and slow down the global warming process. However, this is only one of the key global problems, the solution of which may be conditioned by the question of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of using large resources of knowledge accumulated in Big Data databases in knowledge-based economies. In connection with the above, I suggest the following research questions that may inspire you to implement important and interesting research projects:

Are there studies that verify the correlation between the development of Big Data technology and Data Science analytics, Data Analytics, Business Intelligence and other ICT information technologies and advanced data processing Industry 4.0 and the effectiveness of the use of knowledge resources, including in the field of economics, finance and management of organizations, including enterprises, financial and public institutions? In recent years, there have been more and more media reports that in many countries there has been a significant increase in environmental pollution and a global acceleration of the global warming process. The problem is serious because the pace of the global warming process has significantly accelerated in recent years. However, this is only one of many key problems in the development of human civilization to be urgently solved in the 21st century. It is therefore necessary to increase the efficiency of processing knowledge resources in order to find faster solutions to key problems of civilization development. The use of Big Data, Data Science, Data Analytics, Business Intelligence and other ICT information technologies as well as advanced data processing Industry 4.0 in the processing of knowledge resources should contribute to increasing the efficiency of knowledge resource processing in knowledge-based economies, including in the field of economics and finance.

Ad. 2: Industry 4.0 technologies are used in the processes of disseminating open innovations in new online media and in securing them, i.e. in developing cyber security technologies. At present, the dominant view is that the dissemination of open innovations in new online media, open data sources and open knowledge tools conditions the reduction of knowledge acquisition costs and is an important factor in the development of the knowledge and technology economy. Technological innovations can also be open innovations. Many open technological innovations are currently being created in the field of new online media, on social media portals operated by technology internet companies. Open technological innovations are created using ICT information technologies and advanced data processing technologies typical of the current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0. The ongoing technological revolution referred to as Industry 4.0 is an important factor activating the development of open innovations related to information services available for free on the Internet. The technological revolution of Industry 4.0 is determined by the development of the following advanced information processing technologies, which include, among others: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced technologies of Data Mining. The technologies for advanced information processing listed above are increasingly used in various fields of industry, production of goods and provision of services. The number of industries, branches of economic activity and sectors of the national economy is growing, in which advanced information processing technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution known as Industry 4.0 are used. Thanks to the above-mentioned technologies, in recent years more and more open technological innovations are being created, which are used in the development of information services offered on the Internet. In line with the above, a lot of new open innovations are emerging in the field of new online media, including information services offered on social media portals and other types of internet portals offering various free information services. In the following years, the development of open innovations may also be determined by the use of blockchain technology in the field of improving data transfer security systems on the Internet. Blockchain technology can also be used to secure online settlements and social payments, including financing innovative projects, new ventures developed by technological startups, and financing the development of open innovations through e.g. crowdfunding. Perhaps in the online accounts will also be used in the future critical critics. Perhaps in the future cryptocurrencies will be displacing traditional currency from online financial transactions between fintechs, financial institutions, innovative startups, online technology companies operating social media portals and their clients, and between users of these portals. The development of all of the above-mentioned ICT information technologies, advanced data processing technologies Industry 4.0 and technologies facilitating financial operations on the Internet and ensuring a high level of security of internet data transfer. The development of technological innovations, ICT information technologies, advanced information processing technologies co-creating the current technological revolution Industry 4.0, financing through crowdfunding, securing online transactions with blockchain technology, increasing the use of cryptocurrencies in these settlements, etc. These can be important determinants of the development of innovative, technological startups operating on the Internet and factors of development of the knowledge-based economy in subsequent years. In connection with the above, the development of open innovation is correlated with the issue of development of innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy. A significant proportion of innovative startups develop their business model based on open innovations. On the other hand, in macroeconomic terms, the development of open innovations can be an important determinant of economic development in developing countries and in developed knowledge-based economies. In view of the above, research shows that the dissemination of open innovations and open knowledge bases is an important issue for building a sustainable economy in a technologically developed and developing country.

In addition, the dissemination of open open innovations and open knowledge bases is also a key issue for the development of highly competitive knowledge and technology based factor markets. The dissemination of open, open innovations and open knowledge bases is also an important determinant of the possibility of reducing the asymmetry of information and knowledge between producers, service providers, financial institutions, etc. and their clients. Dissemination of open innovations in new online media, open data sources and open knowledge tools is a condition for reducing the cost of acquiring knowledge. This issue correlates with the development of open databases and open libraries and knowledge databases available on the Internet. In view of the above, the dissemination of open innovations in combination with the Internet of Things technology and open knowledge bases made available on the Internet is necessary for the effective development of the knowledge-based economy. I described these issues in my publications, which are available on the Research Gate portal. I invite you to scientific cooperation.

Ad. 3: Market development in recent years is determined by the development of Industry 4.0 technology and the development of open innovation on the Internet. Open innovations developed on the Internet concern, among others, free information and marketing services. The issue of the possibility of publishing specific content, texts, banners, comments, etc. on the Internet and obtaining free information are key determinants of the development of information services on the Internet. On the other hand, the largest internet technology corporations earn income mainly from paid marketing services. Therefore, the Internet environment is a kind of mix of free and paid information and marketing services, which are simultaneously, simultaneously and simultaneously interrelatedly developed by various Internet companies. Currently, research is conducted into the analysis of the development of open innovations in the field of free information services, which are the main factor of business success of the largest online technology companies, which include such concerns as Google and social media portals such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Tweeter, LinkedIn and others .

In my opinion, the development of internet information services will be determined by technological progress in the field of new ICT, communication technologies and advanced data processing techniques typical of the current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0. The development of information processing technology in the era of the current technological revolution called Industry 4.0 is determined by the use of new information techniques, for example in the field of e-commerce and e-marketing. These solutions are the basis for the business success of the largest online technology concerns that offer information search, data collection and processing services in the cloud (e.g. Google) and provide information services on platforms developed in social media portals (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Tweeter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, and more).

The current technological revolution referred to as Industry 4.0 is motivated by the development of the following factors: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced technologies of Data Mining. These information technologies, combined with the improvement of ICT and communication technologies, along with the progressive process of increasing the computing power of computers will become an important determinant of technological progress in various industries in subsequent years.

Based on the development of these new technological solutions, the processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large information collections gathered in Big Data database systems and computing cloud computing for the purposes of applications in such fields as machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence have been dynamically developing in recent years. , Business Intelligence. To this can be added other areas of advanced technologies for analyzing large data sets, such as Medical Intelligence, Life Science, Green Energy, etc. Processing and multi-criteria analysis of large data sets in Big Data database systems is carried out according to the V4 concept, i.e. Volume (meaning large number of data), Value (large values ??of specific parameters of the information analyzed), Velocity (high speed of new information appearing) and Variety (high information diversity).

The above-mentioned advanced technologies of information processing and analysis are used more and more often for the needs of marketing activities of various business entities that advertise their offer on the Internet or analyze the needs in this respect reported by other entities, including companies, corporations, financial and public institutions. More and more commercially operating business entities and financial institutions conduct marketing activities on the Internet, including on social media portals.

The information and communication technologies listed above, combined with the improvement of ICT technologies and the implementation of Business Intelligence analytics into the processes of economic and financial, economic, macroeconomic and market analyzes may be instrumental instruments helpful in the efficient and effective management of economic, investment processes and enterprises, including analyzes carried out for the purposes of improving marketing activities in enterprises.

More and more companies, banks and other entities need to carry out multi-criteria analyzes on large data sets downloaded from the Internet describing the markets in which they operate and contractors and clients with whom they cooperate. On the other hand, there are already specialized technology companies that offer this type of analytical services, prepare commissioned reports, which are the result of such multi-criteria analyzes of large data sets obtained from various websites and from entries and comments contained on social media portals.

An important research technique that has been developing in recent years, the effects of which are used for the purposes of marketing activities of companies, is sentiment analysis carried out on large data sets collected in the Big Data database systems downloaded from the Internet. In order to group the behaviors of users of social media portals into specific classes of behavior, these classes must first be defined. Sentiment analysis using large data sets collected from entries and comments from social media portals and transferred to Big Data database platforms can be helpful. Then, when observing the changes in certain types of behavior of users of social media portals, you can analyze the data collected in Big Data according to these observations. In addition, a useful tool can be an analysis of the behavior of users of social media portals on the basis of ongoing posts, entries and comments on specific social media pages, statistical analysis of comments on specific topics of posts. This type of research is carried out by online technology companies that run social media portals and use the results of these studies to develop their viral marketing services, because this field of marketing is a key determinant of revenue generated by these companies from advertising sales on social media portals.

Ad. 4: Industry 4.0 technologies are also used in the development of transaction systems and transaction security in the field of e-commerce and online banking. The key determinants of the globally developing e-commerce relate primarily to the implementation of ICT information technologies and advanced data processing technologies, i.e. industry 4.0 typical for the current technological revolution to computerized, automated transaction systems supporting online trading. In addition, the use of blockchain technology for transaction security systems and data transfer on the Internet. The use of ICT information technologies and advanced data processing technologies i.e. typical for the current technological revolution Industry 4.0 to online transaction systems supporting e-commerce already applies to almost all the functioning of online stores, from computerized sales support systems, logistics, accounting, reporting, risk management to Internet marketing activities and improving security systems for online transactions. Another important determinant of e-commerce development is the development of online mobile banking available on mobile devices and new solutions related to the Internet of Things technology. Online banking is starting to dominate, whose development is determined by technological progress in the field of ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies. Computerization is also increasingly affecting public sector institutions servicing tax systems and business entities settlements. In addition, Business Intelligence analytical platforms supporting the management processes of companies operating also in the e-commerce sector have been developed for several years. The analyst of large information sets in Big Data databases is also developing. Big Data Analytics and Data Science analytical systems are also used by businesses operating also in the field of e-commerce. In recent years, new internet marketing instruments have also been developed, mainly used on social media portals, and are also used by companies operating in the e-commerce sector. Internet technology and fintech companies are also emerging that offer information services on the Internet to support marketing management, including the planning of advertising campaigns for products sold via the Internet. For this purpose, sentiment analyzes are used to survey Internet users' opinions regarding dominant awareness, recognition, brand image, mission, and offer of specific companies. Sentiment analysis is carried out on large data sets downloaded from various websites, including millions of pages of social media portals collected in Big Data systems. The analytical data collected in this way are very helpful in the process of planning advertising campaigns carried out in new media, including social media portals. These campaigns advertise products and services sold via the Internet, available in online stores. In view of the above, the development of e-commerce is mainly determined by technological progress in the field of ICT information technologies and advanced data processing technologies Industry 4.0 and new technologies used in securing financial transactions carried out via the Internet, including e-commerce transactions, e.g. technologies blockchain. I have described the above issues of various aspects of the application of information systems and ICT, including Big Data, Business Intelligence in companies operating on the Internet in my scientific publications available on the Research Gate portal. I invite you to cooperation.

Ad. 5: In recent years, Industry 4.0 technologies have also been used to improve risk management processes. In addition, the structure of expenditure incurred on improving risk management processes in financial institutions has changed in recent years. While in the 1990s, the dominant risk categories that were subject to permanent improvement, including through the implementation of ICT information technologies for analytics and risk modeling, have been the key risk categories in recent years for which particularly high expenditure is allocated to improving management processes these risk categories are primarily risks related to the development of cyber crime, the risk of data transfer on the Internet, risks related to online and mobile electronic banking. In addition, in recent years, the improvement of risk management methods and systems has been carried out through the implementation of Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technology. For now, high levels of profitability of banking operations related to the development of electronic online banking allow spending high costs on improving the management of risk categories related to the development of cyber crime, the risk of data transfer on the Internet, risks related to online and mobile electronic banking. However, this may not always be the case. Competition for classic online banking is growing through the successive increase in the share of cryptocurrencies in transactions carried out electronically. Fintechs are also developing. Therefore, the current development trends of banking in the next decades may change significantly and then there may also be changes in the key barriers to risk management improvement processes.

Ad. 6: In recent years, the impact of the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media Internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into teaching processes in schools has been noticed. I fully agree with the thesis that ICT information technologies and new media internet technologies, Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technologies, which are increasingly being implemented into educational processes and may also negatively affect pedagogical processes in schools. I also believe that the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into educational processes can have a negative impact on the classical theory of children's mental development. Because in young children and adolescents, the process of adopting new concepts (thought process) in pre-school institutes extends from the perception of the senses (sight, hearing, touch), speech and direct manipulation of real objects (teaching resources), to create abstract concepts is the use of new information technologies ICT, Internet technologies and Industry 4.0 should be done under the full control of educators. Because in young children, this child must first "see the object in his head", he first had to "see it and touch with his hand" to learn, so devoting a significant amount of time to viewing various graphic and film spots, advertising on social media sites by children can cause negative effects in the psyche and in the psychosomatic development of a child. Therefore, information and communication technologies cannot replace every form and method of learning in the educational process of young children and adolescents. Of course, full implementation of ICT information technologies and new media internet technologies cannot be excluded including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 for teaching processes in schools. This process is already taking place. However, it is necessary to take this process under the full control of educators, teachers and parents of children. There are already many disturbing information from the media and from ongoing research on the effects of using new media internet technologies, including social media portals by children and young people. Children and teenagers mainly browse social media on smartphones. Many children spend too much time browsing social media portals on smartphones. The result is a reduction in the time spent on physical and sport activities, on learning, book readership decreases and the scale of diagnosed vision defects in adolescents in recent years. In this way, many problems arise that can affect the reduction of educational opportunities for children and adolescents. these problems should be solved systemically at all levels of the education system, i.e. from ministries of education to individual schools. Students and parents should be made aware of emerging threats through social campaigns in various media. Research shows that the process of implementing ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technologies, Industry 4.0 for teaching processes in schools has already begun. Of course, the use of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 technologies in education processes does not only generate negative aspects. Therefore, the central institutions of the education system should coordinate the development of these processes in such a way as to maximize the positive aspects of the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced industry 4.0 data processing technology for teaching processes in schools. However, one should not forget about these negative aspects, about already diagnosed developing problems, which should be solved and educating teachers, students and parents about potential threats.

Ad. 7: Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technologies, including above all Learning machines and Artificial Intelligence is also used in the attempt to build machines equipped with the ability to self-improve the tasks performed and programmed activities. Perhaps in the future there will be an attempt to build artificial awareness in which supercomputers will be equipped. In my opinion, consciousness can only be mathematically modeled in theory. Even if a mathematical model of artificial consciousness were built using ICT and Industry 4.0 and in the future Industry 5.0 and based on this model artificial intelligence would be created in quantum computers installed e.g. in autonomous robots, androids, it will still be only artificial intelligence without emotions and the essence of human consciousness. An analysis of the nature of human thoughts is necessary to distinguish between human intelligence and various artificial intelligence technologies being developed. In advanced computerized systems of neural networks, artificial intelligence systems are created, whose task will be to solve tasks consisting of complex sequences of many algorithms and self-learning systems for solving complex problems with the help of many algorithms. In these systems, man will try to create a structure that solves complex analytical tasks and learns from his mistakes. The advantage of artificial intelligence systems over their creator, i.e. man, is to rely on a much smaller number of mistakes made during repeated processes of solving complex tasks and learning new complex formulas to apply specific increasingly complex algorithms. However, after developing these artificial intelligence systems and applying them in many computerized fields of modern economies, what will be the next stage of technological progress in this field? Therefore, will the age of artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness come after the age of artificial intelligence? In my opinion, this is impossible. In my opinion, despite the rapid progress in the development and creation of new generations of artificial intelligence, it will never be possible to create an artificial creation that can be the equivalent of human intelligence taking into account human emotional intelligence and the specifics of human thoughts, human consciousness, human feelings. Therefore, the thesis can be formulated that in some respects artificial intelligence will probably never match human intelligence. The machine will be able to solve very complex problems and tasks but will not know why it does it, who it is, in what world it operates, it will not be able to realize its existence in the Universe etc. Machines in the form of autonomous androids can perform physically difficult works that a man cannot is able to perform. Quantum computers equipped with Big Data Analytics will be able to solve analytical tasks many times faster than the most powerful human minds. However, they will not be aware of their existence. Human awareness of its existence has been evolved in millions of years of evolution of the human mind and also of human ancestors that preceded humanity, i.e. human-like primates belonging to primates. Human consciousness was created in a process of evolution lasting millions of years, during which the process of continuous interaction of a complex biological organism with the environment has evolved. While artificial intelligence is based on systems of neural networks in a simplified way, to a small extent imitating the human central nervous system and the computational power of performing specific elementary tasks exceeding the analytical abilities of a human being, however, the level of complexity of the living organism of mammals is still many times higher than the most advanced computers.

Ad. 8. In addition, in recent years, Industry 4.0 technologies are also used in many other fields of industry, services, production technology improvement, medicine, biotechnology, in forecasting the future development of complex processes, in various branches and sectors of the knowledge-based economy. Further development of applications of the Industry 4.0 technology is expected in the coming years. In many areas of knowledge, science and industry, the development of various applications of ICT information technologies and advanced data processing Industry 4.0 is just beginning.

Therefore, in recent years, information technologies and Industry 4.0 are also used in many other areas of industry, services, improvement of production technology, in medicine, biotechnology, in forecasting the future development of complex processes, in various branches and sectors of the knowledge-based economy. As a result of the implementation of information technologies and Industry 4.0 to many industries and services, the effects of development synergies are strengthened also in the field of internet communication and information services because currently rapidly developing technological industries of services and industries and enterprises and institutions operating in these industries are increasingly they use the Internet to achieve their business goals.

In view of the above, in order to more fully identify the above issues, it is necessary to conduct research that will facilitate the formulation of answers to the following questions:

Please reply

I invite you to discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Dr. Hussien Al Hasnawi and Dear Dr. Shian-Loong Bernard Lew ,

Thank you for your interesting comments and valuable contribution.

Regards.

Absolutely genial Vittorio de Sicca's movie, The bicycle thief, on Italy just after WWII https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0eHxcPBYCI

In case of you propose two separate mediational models you will obtain two direct causal effects as follows:

a) IV-MV1-DV

b)IV-MV2-DV

There are two types of mediation procedures fro complex model:

a) Full Mediation

b) Partial Mediation

Then confirming the results through bootstrapping. Bootstrapping is the method of sampling with replacement whereby one instructs the algorithm to take the sample of size n from the existing dataset.

Please refer this link for detail.

Hello. We are interested too, especially in the field of Social work. So, if You have some ideas, you can contact me.

Best regards, Andrea

You're welcome Prof. Dr. Fadhil Al-Quraishi .

نعم الجامعة ممكن لها ذلك

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

I propose a discussion on the following topic:

The above discussion inspired me to formulate the following questions:

Can new online media help in the development of research conducted by international research teams? What is the impact of social media portals on the development of science? What are the other features and functions of social media portals that the Research Gate website does not have, and which should be added to this portal because they are useful and available on other websites?

On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on interesting issues discussed, I formulated the following thesis that there may be other features and functions of social media portals that the Research Gate website does not have, which should be added to this portal because they are useful and available on other websites. In this way, Research Gate could be improved to meet the needs of users, researchers and scientists.

Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my earlier considerations on this topic: to define and determine the impact of social media portals on the development of modern science.

In my opinion, the research project can be implemented on an international and organizationalally virtual basis. Information exchange and coordination of necessary activities can be carried out remotely through new online media. The necessary research can also be supported by new online media, including social media. Coarz more often also collecting data for research, conducting surveys is carried out by forms suspended on the Internet. Therefore, I believe that all research projects can be planned and conducted on an international basis and in the form of remote new internet media.

For example, the Research Gate portal is a very useful tool for scientists. It combines the functions of a social media portal with a database of indexation of scientific publications. Improving the RG portal can be accomplished by analyzing the development of other social media portals and adding new functions, a tool for the RG portal that have other social media portals and which the RG portal does not yet have. The Research Gate portal is an information portal and indexation database for scientific publications, having some features and functions of social media portals, however, it is primarily profiled on the issues of scientific research and presenting scientific achievements, including scientific publications. The Research Gate portal is a very useful tool for scientists. It combines the functions of a social media portal with a database of indexation of scientific publications. Improving the RG portal can be accomplished by analyzing the development of other social media portals and adding new functions, a tool for the RG portal that have other social media portals and which the RG portal does not yet have.

On the Research Gate research portal, you can ask questions, provide answers and participate in discussions with other researchers, scientists, research and teaching staff and employees of other institutions. The effectiveness of this solution on the RG portal is determined by many factors, primarily the global scale of the RG portal and profiling into the world of science. First of all, thanks to the opportunity to ask questions, provide answers and participate in discussions on the RG science portal, scientists and researchers can exchange their experiences from conducted research. In this respect, online research gateway stands out from other similar websites developed on the internet.

Thanks to the ability to ask questions, provide answers and participate in discussions, the RG portal enables quick verification of new research concepts and assessment of specific ideas for research and scientific works by other researchers and scientists. In addition, thanks to the participation in discussions of people of science representing the scientific communities of different countries and continents, it is possible to establish and develop international research teams working on similar or the same research projects.

In order for the effectiveness of the discussions on the Research Gate scientific portal to be high, a minimum of the following several issues should be met: topicality and high level of relevance of the scientific topics that are the subject of ongoing discussions. In addition, the growing importance of the issues, the developmental nature of the topics that are the basis of discussions on the Research Gate website. In order for many researchers and scientists to participate in the discussions on the RG portal, the questions and discussion topics should relate to those scientific issues that are the subject of research in many science centers and institutions operating in different countries.

In addition, it is important to maintain specific standards for presenting scientific knowledge and explaining specific problems of ongoing or planned research projects during discussions. The vocabulary used should relate to specific fields of science, so specialized vocabulary used in specific fields and scientific specializations should be used. On the other hand, in order for many people to participate in the discussion, including those representing various fields of science, formulated questions and conducted discussions should not be implemented solely with the use of concepts operating in very narrow fields of science. Questions should concern important issues for people of the world of science, but they should be formulated in a way that they are understandable for scientists and researchers operating in various fields of science.

Because for almost every field of knowledge and science on the Research Gate portal hundreds or thousands of research and analytical questions have been formulated, so many researchers and scientists may find among these questions useful for their research needs specific inspirations to formulate research theses and direct the conducted research processes. Questions formulated on the Research Gate website are often a form of supporting questions for specific theses and research hypotheses. Questions can inspire the search for interesting research concepts and can be an instrument for exchanging experience in the field of research carried out by scientists and researchers operating in different countries on different continents. Discussions conducted on the Research Gate portal can be helpful in developing international scientific cooperation and establishing research teams.

You can draw inspiration for many interesting research projects from the discussions on the Research Gate research portal. During these discussions, you can verify new concepts and ideas about the topics and methods of ongoing or planned research. During these discussions, researchers and scientists will learn different views, different interpretations and assessments for specific proposals for new research projects. During the exchange of views, new concepts of research are verified and the best and the most effective solutions for internationally conducted research projects are often developed.

Discussions conducted on the Research Gate scientific portal can be an inspiration for the establishment and development of international research teams working on similar and the same research topics or conducting research on the same international research projects. International research teams can add value to the world of science related to internationalization and globalization of key research topics and projects. In addition, discussions on the Research Gate research portal can be an important factor in information globalization for specific, new and important topics in which research is conducted. Research Gate is a representative of new online media, thanks to which topics important for humanity and planet Earth can be developed internationally.

The questions asked at Research Gate differ from each other in many respects, but many, most questions relate to more or less current and important problems recognized and considered, scientifically analyzed. This is a very positive aspect of the Research Gate research portal. In this respect, the Research Gate portal stands out from other internet portals. The advantage of the Research Gate portal over other online media scientific portals, indexation databases of scientific publications and social media portals lies in the fact that the discussions and questions asked on the Research Gate portal represent a high substantive level, the applied scientific approach to the discussed problems and are often an inspiration for opening new , interesting research projects, including research projects conducted by international research teams.

Research shows that Internet users use social media portals in a variety of ways, including the time they spend on a given social media portal. How much time Internet users devote to individual portals is determined by many factors related to the preferences of citizens regarding the expected internet information services as well as the technical characteristics, editorial capabilities, etc. of individual social media portals. In recent years, the importance of individual social media portals will change, such as Facebook, Tweeter, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc. The amount of time spent by Internet users browsing the pages of individual social media portals changes, however, it is difficult to answer the question which of these social media portals is better because they are not completely incomparable.

Individual social media portals differ significantly in many issues, and above all in terms of the possibility of graphical insertion of posts, restrictions on the volume of text entered into posts and comments, and in the scope of specific additional functions important for users of these portals. For example, since mid-2018, there has been a decrease in Internet users' interest in such a social media portal as Facebook and a simultaneous increase in the use of such a portal as Instagram. This is probably related to the increase in sales and use by citizens of smartphones equipped with permanent internet access.

Another important issue in the context of these considerations is the possibility of combining existing profiles on various social media portals. The Research Gate research portal and, for example, the LinkedIn professional portal are completely different types of social media portals. These portals offer users other functions. In a situation when we want to combine our profiles on various social media portals, some portals allow it and some unfortunately do not. Account Research and LinkedIn are not able to link accounts. You can probably only copy links from one portal to another and vice versa. To publish your publications on LinkedIn, you can place a short description of the publication on your LinkedIn profile and attach the publication file. In addition, you can post links to your publications on Research Gate in your posts and messages on your LinkedIn profile.

In connection with the need to establish contacts in the world of science, the need to establish international research teams and conduct research in interdisciplinary and international scope, it is necessary for scientists and researchers to use websites specialized in science issues, also serving as social media portals and also fulfilling the functions of publication indexation databases scientific. Other scientific portals such as Academia.edu and Mendeley appear in discussions on the Research Gate portal. In connection with the above, I am asking you the following question: Does any of you have your profiles on all these scientific portals and carried out a comparative analysis? I regularly use the Research Gate portal, because this portal enables establishing contacts with researchers and scientists also operating in other countries. Are there any significant differences between the two science portals listed above?

Apparently, the functionality of both scientific portals is very similar. However, are there any significant differences in the scope of information services offered, searching for publications as well as researchers and scientists operating in specific science disciplines? Does anyone of you have your profiles on all these scientific portals and conducted a comparative analysis to answer the question: what are the key differences between these portals? Is it worth having your profiles on all these science portals or is it enough to use the Research Gate portal? In addition, do the research portals ResearchGate, Academia.edu and Mendeley do not have any important functions that appear in the standard offer of information services of popular social media portals such as Facebook, Tweeter, LinkedIn, Google+ etc.?

According to the above, in my opinion there may be other features and functions of social media portals that the Research Gate website does not have, and which should be added to this portal because they are useful and available on other websites. In this way, Research Gate could be improved to meet the needs of users, researchers and scientists.

In view of the above, I am asking you the following questions:

Please reply

I invite you to discussion

thank you very much

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hi Franklin,

yes, with a 4-category variable, you would create 3 dummies, with one category representing the reference group and the others representing the comparison between a respective category and the references.

Please google how to create dummies. You will find tons of tutorials.

Best,

Holger

Allow me to share another view on WHY THE Log/ln.

Take a household of 2, a household of 4, a household of 8, I am skipping cases in-between.

Look at their housing. For 2, you're ok with a bathroom, for 4 it's already much better to have two bathrooms/toilets, for 8 maybe 3 bathrooms/toilets.

So you can see that the reasonable and comfortable shared resource is roughly varying as the Log of the household size.

Think of something else, still very practical, the rectangular dining-room table.

Let me get something from the internet from a search on

"dining table for 8":

Dimensions: (W) 180CM x (H) 78CM x (D) 90CM

Surface = 1.62 m2

"dining table for 4"

Dimensions: (W) 90CM x (H) 78CM x (D) 90CM

Surface = 0.81 m2

"dining table for 2"

Dimensions: (W) 75CM x (H) 76CM x (D) 75CM

Surface = 0.56 m2

call these example of values v2, v4, v8

v4/v2=1.45

v8/v4=2

Here you see that the surface of the table as function of the number of seated people is non-linear and concave, roughly logarithmic

Hence it makes also sense to have a Log scale on the household for a linear scale on table surface.

We could continue by looking at house or apartment surface, etc...

More generally, the reasonable sharing (in a family or household) and expected economies of scale show that resources maybe evolve linearly as function of the Log of the household (rather than as a linear function of the direct size of the household).

This might also hold somewhat for food consumption, if you assume on average that a household of 2 is two adults eating each one full size meal, whereas a household of 4 is more likely to have two children and two adults, and assuming that the duration of the childhood age (eating on average half size meal) is much more significant than the duration of adolescence (where they eat more than their parents, maybe?), you get again a reasonable Log approximation... Funny isn't it?

It even works for some aspects of individual consumption.

Now the water consumption, the electricity consumption, etc, do not seem to be easily modeled in Log of household size...

I hope that the above examples (not proofs, just illustrative cases which are likely or at least make sense) show why a log model might make sense.

Note that we have done economics without introducing any money or income. This is deeper and more basic.

Alan George Vellaiparambill For SPSS i would suggest you to prepare a small dataset and experiment the software while keeping the book handy. Now, before you start to experience it please explore the details of statistics involved in your field of research. It is all about comprehending the statistical details and computing methodologies.

Ana Luiza De Figueiredo Souza ---

Thank you for contributing. I am surprised to see your view that a student's choice of a major field of study is "political," a word that denotes "government " or civic action group, in contrast to "education," "field interest," "knowledge," or the like.

As per my level of understanding, their statistical knowledge should be able to cover up following concerns:

a) Apply the various statistical and qualitative tools used in business research.

b) Perform hypotheses testing, direct and indirect, using SPSS/PLS SEM.

c) Conduct the analysis and interpret the results correctly using appropriate software.

c) Critically review published research articles which made use of the techniques covered.

First of all, thank you for all your reflections. Personally, I am not interested in these 'rules-of-a-thumb' for specifying individual academic achievements/expectations (i.e., per researcher, and per year) as they often depend on a discipline, setting, funding, reaserch-time at work, etc.. Having noted that, I am more into the general/global scientific production across various disciplines (at some sort of 'meta' level). For instance, according to STM Report (2018, p.25) “There were about 33,100 active scholarly peer-reviewed English-language journals in 2018, collectively publishing some 3 million articles a year”. This is the type of information that I am looking for in these days.

Once again, thank you for your contributions.

All the best,

Lukasz

My advice to a student who would ask such a question is:

1. Find a question for which you really want to know the answer but you can't find an answer in the current literature.

2. Discuss with your advisor and similar individuals how doable they think finding this answer is. Go from there.

Best wishes, D. Booth

I would like to update my experience: AWFUL. I could not get a response for 6 months and I sent an email. The journal assistant contacted me 4 days later and told that they assigned reviweres: Huuuhhhh?!!!??*****??* The journal is SAGE Open

I am, I work with critical discourse analysis and environmental education, educational policy and training teacher

Yes, I tried that. But I cannot get Google Forms to create questions like multiple open single answers, in a 3 by 3 matrix where I may have 9 different text boxes arrange in three columns and three rows...

But, thanks for the suggestion! and your time!

Prof Jordan Peterson, who is also an active member of Researchgate.

I would agree with Haji Karim Khan that learning by doing is the best way to improve your research skills. I would also add that you should take any opportunity to get feedback on your research by, e.g. discuss your research data and preliminary findings with your peers. A good way to discuss data and receive feedback is participating in an interpretation group or peer intervision.

Yes bridging subject is Philosophy .

Dear Shamba Patrick Bakengela , a good theory predicts a certain causation between variables which holds. And most of the time you formulate that causation on the basis of understanding (study, thinking of observation). If you assume to much and you predict to little, your theory will fall apart. You have to have deep understanding of a phenomenon which can cause questions to be asked by scientists where again and again predictions can be tested positively and lead to other questions.

see also https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/02/15/what-separates-a-good-scientific-theory-from-a-bad-one , even if this is not about social science, it is still about science and how to formulate a good theory.

I see the main problem in the fact that there are currently no really new theoretical approaches as they were numerous and typical for the second half of the 20th century. Some of them go back to the period after the First World War. In order to get sufficient knowledge about the present, one has to know this state of theory.

Seems interesting. Thanks for info. Let me have a look at those papers, and then after I will contact you again. Good!

Why are you interested in pointing the finger. It is just a force of nature. The only thing that matters is that we were able to spot it in time and are willing the correct it.

Our brain produces over 90000 thoughts in 24h, awake and in sleep.

An idea is a thought concept, which has longer temporary duration;

ideas are time-tested and time-resistent tools of human thinking.

In this sense, it is not only (no more) tied to the physical body of the 'creator or initiator', once in human circulation.

You are welcome and all the best in your research.

The participation of public bodies such as unions and chambers is useful because knowledgeable public parciptiation helps the government to let errors not occur and see and listen what failures are still in the legal text - some written ideas are then considered successful and others not but we in Germany have very good experiences in this way and participation in the legal/law creation process of the government/parliament. The first draft version goes to all required stakeholdend all answers are considered before this draft will be implemented as government proposal...

Thanks, i´m very grateful with all of you

Kindly go through the following RG links.

as Anthea's response suggests, the most crucial "innovations" may rest in actually applying what other anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologists pioneered 50-90 years ago: participant observation, Participatory Action Research, working in teams, writing 3-4-5 reports, each from a different person's perspective, combining modes (auditory, visual, etc.)

Let's focus your question mathematically. It is a binomial random variable, which can take 2 values ​​(Yes, No), with respective probabilities (Py, Pn). You ask if: Py = Pn Py> Pn Py <Pn To know and compare the values ​​of (Py, Pn) there are two options: A) Estimate them from a sample of known responses. If the sample size is large enough, the value of the estimators will approach that of the probabilities, but it is very important, essential, that the sample be representative of the population of interest. B) If you have a thorough knowledge of the phenomenon of interest, you can use it to obtain theoretical evaluations of the value of Py, Pn, which would allow you to compare them. Example: E1-If you ask couples who are in the act of getting married, do you accept husband / wife ...? Then, Py> Pn. E2-If you ask someone, do you want any illness for your family? then Pn> Py. Examples E1 and E2 correspond to two binomial variables, both take values ​​(Y, N) but with different probabilities. Therefore, it is incorrect to extrapolate the results from one of them to the other. In the form so broad that your question is formulated, it does not define exactly which is the binomial variable of your interest, which is essential to obtain an accurate answer. Several variables can be combined, if the probability of each of them is known or assumed, (applying the formula of the total probability) but that reduces the accuracy of the response. I hope this brief analysis helps you. Best regards. C.M. Legon.

Great choice of topic for discussion. I think David Vazquez-Guzman sums up well in a short paragraph about the inherent paradoxical aspects of demographic changes. I'm going to pick only one aspect to keep it short here: We all know that Economic Growth = % Change in Productivity + % Change in the Labor Hours Worked. As such, economic growth apparently is affected by a number of factors such as the labor productivity and its growth, the labor force participation rate, the number of work hours in a society, savings rate, investments, government policies etc.

Paul: Lower demand for government support and spending. Lower demand for healthcare. Less traffic. Smaller class sizes in school. Less competition for housing. Less pollution.

For companies and organisations, hence for markets and society, it is common to speak of digital transformation.

Phase 1 was and is still now the adoption of Cloud.

Phase 2 will be the adoption of Edge Processing (localise technology closest to where data is gathered and action on real world is performed) and Artificial intelligence, which is a form of automation after all.

Humans?

Humans decide if this works, and when.

For instance delocalised intelligent production of electricity called Smart Grid stumbled on adoption by humans:people found the technology intrusive, and not protecting enough their private life. Hence adoption has been delayed.

Behavioral sciences are essential to understand and model the behavior of people.

People come first.

Now, another very large parameter should not be forgotten : the planet. This means environmental sustainability of any transformation is a must...

Leonardo Andriola We are indeed far from economic democracy.

A market economy can exist very well without crony (rentier) capitalism; democracy works very well with open markets, but not with economic rentierism (embodied by the 'unholy trinity' of the land/money/tax monopoly).

You should start by outlining the list of topics and ideas that readers of your article need to understand in order to evaluate your methodology, findings and discussion. Then research each one systematically.

Rather than starting with a list of journals and searching each one, I think it is more effective to search a research database using keywords, which will search many journals. If you do not have such databases available, use Google Scholar, although many of the articles that will appear there are not free to read.

The Cons, just quoting.

Hello Mamatha, please send me an email jasasira@must.ac.ug cc asasirajsts@gmail.com. I will get back to you as soon as I see your mail. Thank you.

Hi Sandra. Great subject.

I think that we can add Action Design Research (ADR) to the designs listed in the site you posted.

A good reference for ADR is: Sein et al. (2011), Action Design Research, MIS Quartely, 35(1), 37-56.

Personaly, I did some research following the action research approach and I fout it a very valuable option when you have: a problem raised from the field, a good access to the organization where the problem needs to be solved, a theoretical framework to use for solve the problem, and( the most important thing) an oportunity to learn something from your intervention. The last is the difficult part. It is important to consider well all the possible contributions to learn during the interventions, if we do not do that, we cannot differentiate our research from a consultancy intervention.

In my experience, almost all the data we collect in Action Research was qualitative.

I hope this contribute to your discussion.

Is a good question. Policy makers in education and higher education should have a comprehensive program for education and research in the humanities and social sciences;To be aware of all needs. Designing a comprehensive education and research system can be a good and effective way.

Hans - I suppose that the 'simple' answer would be that the larger the company, the more likely it is to be more widely marketed, circulated and read - and potentially more cited. Unlike journals, texts are not ranked and so the answer does have some subjectivity associated with it. That said, some of the university press publishers i.e. Cambridge Univerity Press and Oxford University Press are well established and can be considered equally prestigious and 'mainstream' than some of the other publishing houses you mention. That said, there are a few that that are probably 'ranked' higher than most - such as Elsevier.

There is an emerging consensus that the kind of theory building in Grounded Theory is based on abduction rather than induction. In particular, induction consists of making a generalization from repeated observations, but it cannot introduce any new insight; instead, it simply asserts that the pattern observed is more general. The problem with induction is sometime demonstrated to in terms of black and white swans: every swan I have every seen is white, hence all swans are white. But it only takes one black swan to "disprove" this theory (and Australia happens to be full of black swans).

Manzoor Hussain is correct that most people just treat induction as a label for moving from observations to theory, and this undoubtedly what Glaser and Strauss meant when they emphasized it in the Discovery of Grounded Theory. In essence, they wanted a label to contrast with deduction, and induction was the most widely known alternative.

As a third alternative, abduction proposes a new idea that would account for what one has observed so far, and then proceeds to test whether that would indeed work as an theory. As such, it is not a strict form of logic, but rather a mode of explanation.

Reichertz, Jo (2007). Abduction: The logic of discovery in grounded theory. In Antony Bryant & Kathy Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage handbook of grounded theory(pp. 214-228). London: Sage.

Reichertz, Jo (2010). Abduction: The logic of discovery of grounded theory [39 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research,11, Art. 13. Available at http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1001135.

Strübing, Jörg (2007). Research as pragmatic problem-solving: The pragmatist roots of empirically-grounded theorizing. In Antony Bryant & Kathy Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage handbook of grounded theory(pp. 580-602). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dear Javed

The question that you pose is quite broad. These references may be of use:

https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/nhess-2018-407/nhess-2018-407.pdf

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/GEP_2017021510474668.pdf

I hope that these are of help.

Best regards

Darren

Put simply there are two key aspects to describing a distribition

1 the central tendency or middle

2 the spread or the degree of variation around the middle.

The problem with the the variance (and the standard deviation) is that can be seen as a combination of these two elements in that is is affected by the units of measurement for the variable being studied. The coefficient of variation purports to be a measure of spread that is dimensionless.

So if you assessing income inequality of two countries with different monetary systems you would want the coefficient of variation.

This project is in part about developing a measure of inequality that uses a Poisson multilevel model to get at the spread taking account of the mean.

Hi Aware

Thank you very much for your contribution.

You can as well read Benefits of ‘observer effects’: lessons from the field by Torin Monahan and Jilla Fisher Vanderbilt University, USA

Make sure your papers have technical quality and significance. Avoid plagiarism

and it takes a lot of your time

I think that social science does not lag behind, but it has different methodologies and different ways to do research. I would even claim that a positivist approach like usually is followed in physical science is based on the effort to reduce everything to a few variables that can be controlled and that are measured. This is usually highlight successful, but is does not provide always answers to what we would like to have. A philosopher once said: biology is just such successful as it never really asks what life is, physics is so successful as it never really asks what matter is. Social science cannot reduce society to a few variables that can be measure, but it deals with something that is extremely complex....

Dear Jorge,

I completely agree with you on what you said.

The issue is not that in developing countries opportunities do not exist. The issue is, academics spend more time in either self promotion or remain content in the security of their own job. Developing new thought leaders needs passion and vision. These two, together with a sense of responsibility and commitment towards the young scholars who look up to us, are needed to find avenues to first teach them the skills, develop networks and provide them platforms to launch themselves, to the best of our abilities.

Having said that, I keep asking myself (though I am not a teacher, but an independent researcher) as to what can I do in this regard?

One answer I came up recently is, why not launch a journal specifically aimed at young scholars (Masters level students who are required to publish papers and PhD scholars who are in any case required to publish papers). I have helped quite a few scholars by editing/proof reading/providing references for their thesis/papers. It is in this process that I came up with this thought - why not a journal too.

If a group of socially minded professors come together, we could actually help and groom a corps of young scholars to undertake good quality research writing as well as publish them.

Once such a group of (say at least five or six) established academics volunteer to spare some energy and time, a journal could be launched to publish their works. I am sure the young students at Masters/PhD would find this initiative very helpful. I am even doing some homework for a journal that addresses political/social sciences domain.

God willing, let's take a positive step forward. In the mean while, let us remain eager to hear what the community at RG says.

Have a great day.