Social Science - Science topic

The passage you quoted points to a core tension: the desire for clarity, rigor, and comparability (which quantification promises) versus the richness, nuance, and unpredictability of human experience (which often resists being reduced to numbers). Let’s unpack your reflections piece by piece:

1. Is quantified research an obstacle to deeper understanding?

Not necessarily—but it can be. Quantification can bring clarity to patterns that might otherwise go unnoticed. For example, identifying systemic biases or trends across large datasets can be immensely powerful. Think of urban studies that track displacement due to gentrification through housing prices, income shifts, or demographic change.

However, if quantification becomes the only valid form of knowledge—if it becomes a gatekeeper of legitimacy—it can severely limit the scope of what we consider “valuable” or “real” knowledge. This is especially problematic when dealing with subjective, emotional, or historically layered urban experiences, which are central to the human experience but harder to measure.

2. Does quantification in the humanities/social sciences serve the purpose?

It depends on what the purpose is.

If the aim is to generalize, compare, or argue for policy change at scale, quantification has its place.

But if the goal is to understand meaning, identity, symbolism, or emotional resonance, quantification might not only fall short—it could obscure the very thing you're trying to reveal. That’s why many qualitative researchers insist on narrative, ethnographic, or interpretive methods to engage with lived realities in all their contradictions.

3. If numbers shift based on interpretation, are they reliable?

This is the crux of the issue. Numbers seem objective, but they are always embedded in context:

Dear Alex Thiangichu ,

Thank you for your interest.

There is the opportunity to participate in our congress face-to-face and online.

This is my email: sgun@mehmetakif.edu.tr

Also please visit: https://ddk.maku.edu.tr/ishac

Greetings

You do not seem to ask yourself about Adam Smith perfect market by socio-environmental externality assumptions, can we find a real perfect traditional market?. This.paper is about other types of perfect markets Adam Smith could have proposed if he was thinking in terms outside economy only markets... in some.papers I show why the perfect traditional market is not a true perfect market and in other papers I show that traditional market thinking is a golden trojan paradigm, a flawed paradigm assumed to be optimal...

Are you familiar with my publications on the structure of perfect green markets, perfect red markets and perfect sustainability markets and how they would behave under perfect market competition?

I apprciate your comments!

yes I am interested

Both frameworks are essential in research, but they serve different purposes. The conceptual framework helps organize and visualize the research problem, while the theoretical framework provides a foundation in existing theory to interpret findings.

Thank you for the information regarding the event, unfortunately I have activities planned at this time.

Interesting last comment. If you follow all the required steps for regression modelling it is a very robust and reliable approach. It is only a statistical method though, and is only ever as good as the investigation to which is applied. I was surprised by the previous answer, so left field and so packed full of assumptions. Perhaps a misleading comment in this context. A statistical method should never be judged except in the context of the situation in which it is used. Regression modelling (read this as meaning all types of multivariate statistics using similar linear relationship assumptions) has been used with great benefits for nearly 100 years in the social sciences. I would call it a robust approach whether all the variance is captured or not. But like most tools it is only as good as the scientist using it and their knowledge of how to optimise it for the intended purpose. Endogeneity was rarely ever mentioned in my experience (The previous author may care to explain what they think this means, and provide some mathematical evidence for their claim). Typically in linear regression modelling, whatever the hypothesised source of variance (including endogeneity) might be, one can always create a dummy variable to represent it, and specify some parameters for it, and include it in the model. Clever statisticians do that all the time. More reading on the history and development of linear statistical models might help as well.

you can publish in Ssrn

si, quiero participar. Muchas gracias

"Quashing poverty requires knowing who is in need and what their needs are, but collecting those data has long been a time-consuming and costly challenge. Some researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) tools to help plug the gaps. AI can be biased, and could miss people without a digital trail. On the other hand, it can analyse a larger, more representative portion of the population than do household surveys, and identify patterns in data that even specialists could miss, says development economist Ariel BenYishay..."

John, thank you for taking the time to comment.

Did you make the time to read the article before commenting?

The articles is about the shift from traditional pareto optimality thinking to green pareto optimality thinking leaving the old knowledge base behind? They are the bundles where non-optimal policy choices/decisions should tend to or be guided towards until you reach the point of ZERO PARETO IMPROVEMENT POSITIONS.

Respectfully yours;

Do you have any idea or research or research link about it? Thanikachalam Vedhathiri@

Interested to participate

On campus or online?

شكراً على الدعوة

Yes. You choose what papers you want to upload.

Dear Mampete Jemina Mookeng

When it comes to the journal “Social Science and Humanities Journal” ISSN: 2456-2653 https://sshjournal.com/index.php/sshj I see numerous red flags:

-The prominently mentioned impact factor is in fact https://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=20208 (an example of a misleading metric https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/ )

-The same is true for Advanced Sciences Index mentioned on their homepage (on the right side)

-The publisher behind the journal calls itself “Everant journal” “Everant” is mentioned in the Beall’s list (of publishers) https://beallslist.net

I suspect that Everant journals https://www.everant.org and Everant Publishers Pvt Ltd https://everant.in are one and the same. They use the same logo (see enclosed Fig.) see for example https://everant.in/index.php/mcsj and https://www.everant.org

In conclusion I would personally avoid this one.

Best regards.

The statement “social networks do not disseminate news content” is an appropriate example of a null hypothesis (H0) in the context of the research. The null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship between two variables, in this case, the use of social networks and the dissemination of news content. This type of hypothesis is used as a basis for statistical tests, where sufficient evidence is sought to reject it in favor of an alternative hypothesis (H1), which could be that “social networks do disseminate news content”. The use of the null hypothesis is fundamental in scientific research, as it allows researchers to evaluate whether the data obtained support or refute the initial assertion. In the realm of social media and its impact on news dissemination, this approach can help determine if there is a significant correlation that warrants further analysis of how and why social media affects the way news information is consumed and shared

A hypothesis should typically be between 30 to 50 words in one paragraph. It should clearly state the research question, the variables involved, and the expected relationship or outcome. The focus should be on conciseness and clarity, presenting a testable prediction without unnecessary detail.

Sandeep,

Today I noticed that there is a typo in my last email to you, mistaking the exclamation point sign for the number '1' -- sorry. The intention was to refer to the holistic 'Vedic 3-in-1 account of nature'. I'm looking forward to any specific feedback/questions from you about the papers/books.

Best wishes,

RW Boyer (Bob)

Hola de acuerdo a la buqueda relacionada con libros de texto contemporáneo sobre métodos de investigación en ciencias sociales que incorpore aspectos de inteligencia artificial (IA) para recomendar a estudiantes de posgrado. A continuación, le sugiero algunas opciones destacadas:

Estas obras ofrecen una visión contemporánea de cómo la IA se integra en los métodos de investigación en ciencias sociales, proporcionando tanto fundamentos teóricos como aplicaciones prácticas. Son recursos valiosos para estudiantes de posgrado que buscan incorporar herramientas de IA en sus investigaciones. Espero que te sirvan.

Answer to the Question:

Dear Recep,

Here are some reputable, fast, and free open-access journals in social sciences that often include book reviews:

For faster reviews, consider contacting journals directly about their submission timelines or policies regarding book review contributions.

Invitation to Join Dailyplanet.Club:

I’d also like to invite you to join Dailyplanet.Club, a platform for researchers and writers to collaborate and share resources.

As a member, you can:

Membership is £5 per year, supporting our mission to build a collaborative and innovative global community. Visit Dailyplanet.Club to join and explore its benefits.

Looking forward to seeing you there!

Best regards, James Henderson Mitchell CEO, MJ HSA Ltd

Think in terms of breadth -- how widespread is it? and depth -- what is this like? I want to know how frequently cancers occur in different locations (very important social epidemiology information). I count. I want to know about the experience of dealing with cancer personally, for family,for health professionals, etc. I ask. The cancer patient does not care much about cancer clusters in Houston.

Take a look at the book, Scale Development: Theory and Applications (5th ed.) by Devellis & Thorpe.

Fatou Ndoye offered a spot-on response.

It is generally considered essential, though not strictly mandatory. That is, the thories provide frameworks for understanding complex social phenomena, guiding research questions, and interpreting findings. They also help researchers make sense of data and offer explanations for observed behaviors and trends.

While the DOI Theory is often prominently applied in the context of technology adoption, it is not limited to this domain. The theory has broader applicability and relevance across various fields, including: DOI can be used to understand the adoption of new health practices, treatments, or public health initiatives.Innovations in educational methods, curricula, and technologies can be analyzed through the lens of DOI to see how they spread among educators and learners.The theory can explain the diffusion of social movements, cultural changes, and behavioral shifts within communities. DOI can inform marketers about how new products and brands gain traction within different market segments.The adoption of green technologies, sustainable practices, and eco-friendly behaviors are also relevant through DOI.

Influence in the context of DOI Theory can be assessed through several methods:The primary measure of influence is the rate of adoption of the innovation over time. This can be quantified through surveys, product sales data, or technology usage metrics. Analysis of social networks can help identify opinion leaders and influential adopters who have a significant impact on how quickly others adopt an innovation. Network analysis methods can be employed to visualize and understand these relationships. The effectiveness of different communication channels (e.g., social media, word of mouth, advertising) in reaching and persuading different groups of adopters can be quantified through engagement metrics, reach, and feedback analysis. Researchers can conduct surveys to assess the perception, attitude, and motivations behind the adoption of innovations, providing qualitative insights into the influence dynamics among different adopter groups.

In the context of DOI Theory, adopters are typically categorized into five groups based on their willingness to embrace new innovations: Innovators are the first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are often risk-takers and are willing to experiment with new ideas, even if they may not be initially proven. Early adopters are more socially integrated than innovators and tends to have a higher level of influence within their social circles. They are often seen as opinion leaders and can effectively communicate the benefits of the innovation to others. Early majority adopt innovations after a varying degree of time and are more deliberate in their decision-making process. They are typically influenced by the early adopters in their social networks. The late majority is more skeptical and will only adopt the innovation after the majority of the population has done so, often due to peer pressure or necessity. Laggards are the last individuals to adopt an innovation. They tend to be resistant to change and are often more focused on tradition. Their adoption may depend on necessity rather than desire.

In modern-day communication, these groups can be identified through various channels such as social media, influencers, user engagement metrics, and community feedback. The influence of communication technologies, like social media and online forums, can accelerate the diffusion process Muhammad Wasil Solangi by enabling faster information sharing and networking.

Hello, Arthur; is there anything particular in computational linguistics you are interested in?

Yes, several studies explore the spatial politics of office workstations. Here are a few notable ones:

These studies provide valuable insights into how the design and layout of office spaces can influence work dynamics, employee well-being, and organizational culture.

Wishing you success Marco Balducci !

Thanks Björn! I will check it out!

//Mattias

I prefer this one, "https://www.hermanaguinis.com/research-methodology-book.html

هذا قريب جدا من مفهوم الحقول الدلالية القائمة على مبدأ التقارب الدلالي... هذا المسلك مفيد في اختزال الخطاب في رواق عام مهيمن، وفي مسالك عامة مساعدة في بناء الدلالة.

Seeking coauthors and research collaboration can enhance the quality and impact of your research. Here are some ways to find potential collaborators:

1. Academic networks: Utilize academic networks like ResearchGate, (link unavailable), or LinkedIn to connect with researchers in your field.

2. Conferences and workshops: Attend conferences and workshops to meet potential collaborators and discuss research ideas.

3. Collaboration platforms: Join online platforms like CoLab, Collaborative Research, or ResearchCollab to find collaborators.

4. Social media: Leverage social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook to connect with researchers and share your work.

5. University databases: Search university databases or faculty directories to find researchers with similar interests.

6. Peer-reviewed journals: Identify potential collaborators by reading papers and reviewing author lists in top-tier journals.

Nice area of study

This is not a question. It is marketing disguised as academic discourse. A very unethical technique.

Somehow it is not clear to my, what you mean with "does not fit"? Could you please provide the output of the whole analysis? I think this would be helpful.

Dear Zahid Faqir Phd ,

Yes! The conference is hybrid format, either participate online or in person are accepted.

Please send the full paper(word+pdf) to Submission System:

Baharuddin Baharuddin Thank you for sharing such valuable information with me. I truly appreciate your help and insights. Your knowledge has been immensely valuable to me. Thank you once again!

Questionnaires often begin with a few "demographic" items that are easy to answer. After that, there are substantive questions, with the remainder of the demographics at the end.

Dear Ryo Ishigaki

So, turning products into pals, huh? That's a cool idea! Think about it like this: what makes a good friend? Someone who's reliable, trustworthy, and makes you feel good, right? Well, it's the same deal with products. First off, make sure your product does what it says on the tin. If it promises to solve a problem, it better deliver. Nobody wants a flaky friend, and nobody wants a flaky product either. Consistency is key.

Next, give your product some personality. People connect with things that feel human. Whether it's through your branding, your marketing, or even the design of your product, inject a bit of character. Make it relatable. Think about how your product can fit into someone's life like a friend would.

Another thing, be there for your customers. Customer service is like being a good friend on speed dial. Be responsive, helpful, and genuinely care about solving their problems. That builds trust and loyalty.

Lastly, create a community around your product. Friends don't exist in a vacuum, right? They're part of a wider social circle. So, foster that sense of community among your customers. Whether it's through social media, forums, or events, give them a space to connect and share their experiences.

So yeah, that's the gist of it. Treat your product like you would a friend, and hopefully, your customers will see it the same way. Good luck!

Hello Doung Dara

Like Charles Berg , I would find those (with a Method) section much more interesting and I would definitely want a section like that in any original article with my name on it.

I am also interested in concept papers. here is one I found on the idea of porous liquids

Dear Damianus Abun

The short answer is yes. The ‘logic’ behind the Beall’s list (https://beallslist.net ) is and I quote: “All journals published by a predatory publisher are potentially predatory unless stated otherwise.” Looking somewhat into the details behind the journal “European Journal of Social Sciences Studies” (https://oapub.org/soc/index.php/EJSSS/index ):

-The indexing info is full of so-called misleading metrics like CiteFactor and OAJI (https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/ ) often used by predatory journals/publishers

-Despite the Romanian origin (according to the vague contact info) no one in the editorial board has any link with this country https://oapub.org/soc/index.php/EJSSS/about/editorialTeam

-The APC is (for a claimed) European Journal suspiciously low https://oapub.org/soc/index.php/EJSSS/about/editorialPolicies#custom-7

-Looking at for example https://oapub.org/soc/index.php/EJSSS/issue/view/131 I see numerous papers that has nothing to do with the scope of journal

-Even it is somewhat genuine they have even after almost ten years no serious indexing (Scopus, Clarivate’s ESCI, SCIE or SSCI, PubMed, etc.)

Personally, I would say avoid.

Best regards.

I'm not sure, but I think you did a great job of answering your own question... 'Charting the afterlife?" Answer; Why?' Somethings can't be known. Or, even if we were explained, would we have a hope of understanding the answer? Every morning on the way to work I ask the Universe for a special watch over some friends and family (including my most recent 'best friend' Chihuahua) who have 'recently' passed. I know that they are soaring the Universe as Light Beings and I am a bit jealous of all they will see and re-understand. But charting the afterlife... it's like charting the Universe itself accurately. THEY could do it, but we can't even imagine what it looks like in totality. MY opinion, of course.

What is the agenda of this symposium?

Additionally, I am interested in joining the symposium as a key note speaker!! check out Mail!!

Imagine you have a toy robot that cant do amazing things like remembering every song it ever hears or remember every fun day they've ever had. Now, imagine if we could give people special abilities? oh wait, we already have people like that. We recently rebranded again as autism or something, to be honest i prefer retard, the good ol days when people still clearly told you that things werte going wrong because youre retarded..... now after evry shitty interaction i have to try and calculate what percentage went bad cause of black face and how much is the tism tax.... Transhumanism is like a big idea where scientists and inventors try to find ways to help people do things they can't do right now, like a superhero upgrade! They might use cool gadgets, special medicine, or even tiny robots to make life better and help people do amazing things.

Thank you for the prompt reply!

I will submit one abstract! Thank you!

I don't think we can answer this question.

We don't know why the word "TO" is all uppercase.

We probably can think of novels, movies, stories, stage plays, children's book, where "Don';t look suspicious" is actually written. We need more detail about the conditions that it is "unwritten."

Subvert what?

"Get destroyed" sounds like a conflict between active antagonists and protagonists, but you've presented it in passive voice, so nobody can actually interpret what you mean.

Please rewrite and resubmit.

Dear Md. Masudul Islam Khan

SCIREA, I would say avoid, see for example https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_SCIREA_Journal_of_Education_exist and https://www.researchgate.net/post/Identification-about-the-Journal

BOHR, is a new publisher. I see:

-Their indexing info does not mention misleading metrics (), which is a good sign

-First impression is that their editorial board looks legit https://journals.bohrpub.com/index.php/bijbecg/about/editorialTeam

-For now, they don’t charge an APC https://journals.bohrpub.com/index.php/bijbecg/article_charges this does not sound as predatory. It is unfortunately unclear how they finance their operation https://www.bohrpub.com/about

-Papers are edited quite professionally and have a legit DOI assigned

If indexing in Scopus and/or Clarivate’s indexes is not crucial, then you might give it a try.

-Indexing info https://ijsser.com/index.php/ijsser/IndexingAbstracting looks pretty safe

-Especially their DOAJ indexing is comforting https://doaj.org/toc/2706-9346?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222706-9346%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D

-Their editorial team (normally called board) looks legit https://ijsser.com/ijsser/about/editorialTeam

-It looks like one of their (the publisher ICR Publications) journals is Scopus indexed https://www.immi.se/intercultural/ Although a bit strange that Scopus mention Taylor & Francis as publisher (which is most likely a software error since Taylor&Francis have a similar title with research at the end)

All together I think this is a reasonably safe choice.

Best regards.

IYH Dear Vivian Parker

Ch. 19 Muthén, B. Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Although this ref do not exclusively concentrate on two-time-point cases, it does contain discussions revolving around multiple latent variables and multiple indicators for those latent constructs. https://users.ugent.be/~wbeyers/workshop/lit/Muthen%202004%20LGMM.pdf

It contains rich content concerning latent growth curve models and elaborates on multivariate implementations.

While conceptually broader, it present crucial components necessary for building and applying two-time-point, multivariate latent change models.

Imo, Amira Sabeg , the right questions are most important; with respect to answers, they depend on the applied method, in terms of quantitative and/or

qualitative approaches.

It has also to be mentioned that I do not mean puzzle-solving here (as standard academic exercise), but real-world problem-solving, e.g. meeting unmet human needs by social entrepreneurship or replacing outdated linear economics by cyclical economic thought.

Imo, Amira Sabeg , social science (e.g. economics) is in a status of great stagnation; this is also reflected in the stagnation and regression of the real economy. New ideas and practices are needed to push the field of social science forward, especially with respect to exponential knowledge automation and the rapidly changing world of human labor.

Dear Dr.Veljko Mijic Croatia, Europe

I hope this invitation finds you in the best of spirit and health.You might have recovered from your health by this time. Again I am inviting you for a guesy speaker. The Invitation letter is attached herewith.

Thanks & regards

Dr.Neeraj Kumar Sharma

0091-9756966938

James S. Coleman ?

Interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers in computer science, engineering, and social sciences can significantly contribute to advancing IoT research by bringing together diverse expertise and perspectives to address complex challenges and opportunities in the field. Here are some ways in which interdisciplinary collaboration can enhance IoT research:

In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers in computer science, engineering, and social sciences is essential for advancing IoT research. By leveraging the diverse expertise and perspectives of different disciplines, researchers can develop innovative, user-centered, and ethically responsible IoT technologies that have a positive impact on society. Collaborative efforts across disciplines can lead to breakthroughs in IoT research and drive the evolution of connected technologies towards a more sustainable and inclusive future.

If you are looking for a way to meaningfully connect the social and the natural sciences, I would recommend the perspective of territoriology, as an approach entirely grounded in the attempt to embed social relation within given material ecologies.

IMPORTANT The question is really about why human beings are so prone to create vaste systems of belief based on remarkably little evidence....

Noted will respond to the appropriate email

I am into Medical - Biological - Healthcare Data Science. I can still try using your social science data, though. Please get in touch if you would like to collaborate.

Dr. Anuraj Nayarisseri

My team: https://eminentbio.com/content/membertype

Dear Salvatore Nizzolino ,

The publisher behind the journal is “GREAT BRITAIN JOURNALS PRESS” (https://journalspress.com ) and if you scroll down on their homepage it is clear that Great Britain Journal Press and “London Journal Press” are one and the same.

“London Journal Press” is included in the Beall’s list (https://beallslist.net ) and is discussed (not positively) on various places here on RG, see for example https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-is-the-value-of-being-a-member-in-London-Journal-Press

In order to cover up the link with London Journal Press they ‘simply’ change the name of the publisher to Great Britain Journal Press, see enclosed file for comparison.

By the way, they will definitely charge you a fee at some point, see https://journalspress.com/author-publishing-fee-quotation/

Personally, I would avoid this one.

Best regards.

aqui estan mis 4 videos

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

In the New Year 2024, I wish you to fulfill your scientific plans, to achieve exceptional success in your scientific research, to publish very good scientific publications in interesting research topics, to develop good scientific cooperation, to develop joint team research projects, to cooperate well in research teams, in jointly conducting scientific research and publishing the results of the conducted scientific research.

All the best,

wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Did you check the EQUATOR network homepage? https://www.equator-network.org - if there is a protocol, it should be on there.

Dear friend Jarlath Canney

Hey there! I am here to tackle those burning questions with unbridled opinions.

Firstly, does current STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) pedagogy prepare learners for the future? Well, let me tell you Jarlath Canney, it's a mixed bag. Some aspects of STEM education are on point, but there's room for improvement. It needs a shake-up to better align with the rapidly evolving technological landscape.

Now, ensuring that current STEM pedagogy prepares children for their future? It's about adaptability, my friend Jarlath Canney. We need a curriculum that fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. Let's ditch the memorization-heavy approach and focus on hands-on, experiential learning. Kids need to be tech-savvy, but they also need to understand the human side of technology.

And what about 'teacher training'? Are we arming our educators with the skills needed for successful STEM pedagogy? Well, my opinion is that we're getting there, but it's a journey. Teachers need ongoing professional development, exposure to real-world STEM applications, and support networks. It's not just about knowing the subject matter; it's about instilling curiosity and a love for learning.

In a nutshell, we're on the right path, but there's always room to kick it up a notch. Let's create an educational landscape that nurtures the next generation of innovators, critical thinkers, and problem solvers. Now, let's dive into this discussion—what's your take on the matter?

Nice discussion topic! Lets keep developing this discussion for more wonderful insights.

1. An intervening variable, lies between the independent variable and the dependent variable chain of cause and effect They describe the process by which an independent variable affects a dependent variable. Treatment/Control: Researchers must identify and measure intervening variables to understand the mechanisms by which independent variables influence dependent variables Statistical techniques such as path analysis and structural equation modeling can be used to analyze relationships between variables and identify intervening variables

2. Moderating variables affect the strength or direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable These indicate under what conditions or for whom the relationship is strong or weak.

Treatment/Control: Researchers should evaluate potential moderating variables during the study design stage Statistical techniques such as moderation analysis are useful for examining how relationships between variables change based on the level of the moderating variable Including these variables in the analysis as control variables may also help reduce potential effects

With this information, your question appears in a new light. In that case I agree that this is a truly problematic situation. Fortunately I have never been in a similar situation, and this is of course not helpful for you.

I hope that the journal soon will solve its problem and wish you good luck.

"Statistics" is simply how we interpret data results that we received. True there are people who falsify data, or more likely (a question I often received) "Can't you make that chart look any better" (my answer was no).

We can infer social and cultural results. A company I worked for used "Behavior Based Safety" to collect observations of conditions and people doing work to see what risks we had. I've run many employee surveys that gave the leadership team insight into culture. For example, we found the question "Senior management (above my manager) vists my workplace" with options of Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree to be a bell-weather question. If that question was trending to the negative, we knew to start asking questions. True, some Vice Presidents said "But I always visit the workplace" - but if the workers' perception was that they were no - then that was important.

There is an interesting book out there "How to measure anything".

As a counter, I often in class would ask - "I love my spouse more than you love your spouse / significant other - Now prove or disprove that with data". Of course that is a silly question - but does bring up a good discussion.

If you have such emails, these are more likely from sketchy and predatory journals.

These kind of journals might address you in wrong titles (e.g. Dr. while you are still Undergrad), might come from non-official email (e.g. ending with gmail.com) or gibberish type of email address, and one of the tell-tale sign of such frauds are deliberate mistakes in spelling that may be not visible at first glance. Notice very closely the two e's of Wҽlсοmҽ and b of МеmƄеr: neither of the letters ҽ(Abkhazian Che, Cyrillic),Ƅ(Zhuang Alphabet Sixth tone, Latin extended) belong to Non-extended Latin Alphabet.

I woud suggest you to be aware and do not click onto those journal links.

Research made simple by "Dr. Patrick Ndalama".