Social Science - Science topic

Dear do read my reply and have a look at: https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/60824

Best regards.

In the scope of the above-mentioned issues, I propose the following topic: Determinants of the possibility of efficient implementation of the pro-ecological transformation of the traditional economy to a sustainable, green circular economy. When the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic expires, the aforementioned pro-ecological transformation of the economy should become one of the strategic goals of the development of civilization in order to avoid the negative scenario of a global climate crisis that may occur in several dozen years. The determinants of the pro-ecological transformation of the economy include the processes of implementing the sustainable development goals, pro-ecological reforms of implementing eco-innovations in economic processes, including the development of renewable energy sources, etc. Another determinant is pro-environmental state interventionism, including co-financing by the state of the process of pro-ecological transformation of the energy sector. In addition, the issue of pro-environmental awareness of citizens. In order to increase the pro-environmental awareness of citizens, information and educational programs should be developed in various media, including new online media.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Check https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/49260/towardnonexperim00farr.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

The economic recession that occurred due to the developing SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic in 2020 resulted in a decline in economic activity in many countries. There has been a significant reduction in the demand for raw materials used in various production processes and for raw materials for classic energy based on the combustion of fossil fuels. The scale of international air traffic and other means of transport has significantly decreased. Consequently, there has been a periodic significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. An improvement in the condition of the biosphere of natural ecosystems has been observed. There are also short-term, so far single-season changes in the weather aura and the local climate. For example, in the temperate climate zone in which I operate (Central and Eastern Europe), for the first time in several years, there was a real winter with snow and frost after the previous, many years of the so-called warm winters, during which it practically did not snow, frost did not occur and the average temperature of the winter period, instead of minus temperatures, was positive at the level of several degrees C. , i.e. the correlation between the decrease in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution and the change in the weather aura in the winter season consisting in restoring this weather aura to its character typical for a long-term scale and similar to the image before the current acceleration of the development of civilization, industry and greenhouse gas emissions.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

First, I think it's preferable to use the words "coefficient alpha" rather than "Cronbach's alpha", even though the latter is far more common. Even Lee Cronbach himself was embarrassed that people attributed the metric to him. The following article might be helpful with regard to that:

Cho, E., & Kim, S. (2015). Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: Well known but poorly understood. Organizational Research Methods, 18(2), 207–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1094428114555994

Second, I think it's important to realise that, as Cortina pointed out (ref below), alpha is highly dependent on the number of items involved and is certainly not an indication of homogeneity among items. This is often indicated by two or more separate factors on a construct having alpha values in the mid .80s but, when combined, having an alpha above .90.

Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98

In my experience, high alpha values are often (but not always) obtained with items that have a quite high degree of redundancy.

When there are fewer than 10 items involved, I think it can be quite OK to have an alpha less than .80.

Rather than relying (solely) on alpha values, I think it's often (more) useful to look at interitem correlations. I would allow some exceptions to their advice, but Clark and Watson recommend that these correlations lie between .15 and .50 - at least for unidimensional scales.

Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309

The RG master list includes journals from 3 databases: WoS, SCOPUS, DOAJ

Dear Vladimir Rotkin,

No. The discussion was not over. The overwhelming majority of the topics discussed in my Research Gate profile are still relevant and the discussions are open. Yes you are right. The issue of varieties of "analytical" artificial intelligence is also important. You added an important point to our discussion.

Thank you, Have a nice day, Stay healthy! Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Very Intersting question and answers.

Anarchy = disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority

Order (has many meanings) = an authoritative command, direction, or instruction.

Order (noun) = the arrangement or disposition of people or things in relation to each other according to a particular sequence, pattern, or method

We can say Order and Anarchy are antonyms if consider the word 'order' as noun.

Otherwise 'order' also a kind of 'rule'

For your 1st question order is processing in specified manner. Anarchy is orderless.

As per my knowledge everything in Universe is governed by certain laws, so we may not see Anarchy in Universe and Nature.

Anarchy following rules means yes, politically 'imposing restrictions/unfavourble conditions'.

If come to 'Anarchy as part of order' only for those who imposing Anarchy feel that is part of order.

Anarchy a change maker- certainly all Freedom moments raise beacuse of Anarchy, ultimately changes come.

Parameters- we can specify all laws come under this because they instrcut something to follow.

Observations- ---

Dear Vera Graovac Matassi ,

Very good observation. Having a closer look at the ISSN numbers there is indeed another journal with the same title. One with ISSN number 2326-9863 corresponding to http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/index?journalid=202 a journal published by SciencePG (Science Publishing Group), a publisher known as predatory (among many other reasons also included in the Beall’s list: https://beallslist.net/ ). So, indeed predatory and better avoid.

When it comes to Social Sciences ISSN number 2076-0760 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/socsci all I can add to my previous reply is that they are now indexed in ESCI (which is the indexing for journals eligible for an impact factor once they are included in the SCIE of Clarivate).

Best regards.

Thank you Anthony Vipin Das

Sometimes it is necessary, for instance, as Michael Uebel writes in his answer.

I think yes

Dear Prashanti Maharaj ,

I would like to share some of the arguments why indeed the journal “International Journal of Business and Social Science (IJBSS)” (http://ijbssnet.com/index.php/home ) is predatory. The publisher behind the journal is “” (http://www.cpinet.info/ ) and this publisher is mentioned in the Beall’s list of (potential) predatory publishers: https://beallslist.net/ This is a warning sign and by itself not enough for the ‘verdict’ predatory, but there are more signs:

-The proud mentioning of a DRJI indexing is a (bad) sign since this is a notorious example of a so-called misleading metric often used by predatory journals: https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/

-No serious indexing (Scopus etc.) and the index page summarize meaningless info about Cabell etc. that misleadingly suggest a relation with the journal while there is none

-Papers have no submission and acceptance info

-Vague journals contact info (no physical address)

-See also http://flakyj.blogspot.com/search/label/CPI

-The claimed physical address 432 Claremont Avenue New York, NY 10027 (proving their USA presence) is fake: http://www.cpinet.info/index.php?key=contact Just Google the address and one of the first hits mentioned ”Claremont Avenue is a short avenue on the upper westside of NYC near Barnard College and Columbia University. But there is no 432 Claremont. The avenue ends at 200 Claremont. It is clearly a residential neighbourhood”.

Although the assigned DOI to every paper seems to be legit I feel that too many red signs indicate that this is a journal (and publisher) one better should avoid.

Best regards.

Dear Lalit Gehlot ,

As said by Rodney Duffett be careful with this one. Looking at their site: https://www.eimctemess.org/index.html I see (when scrolling down) a lot of suspicious (known as misleading metrics: ) logo’s like CiteFactor, DRJI and meaningless ones like DOAJ and Elsevier (I mean meaningless in the sense why are they added. Are they linked to Elsevier? Member of DOAJ? I don’t think so).

Still, it might be a good initiative. I suggest you contact Prof. Juan Arias Masa (Chair), according to their site he is a member of the organizing committee. He is here on RG and it might be a good idea to ask him about this. If he is aware of this and is willing to link his name to this it might be a legit organization.

Best regards.

UK variant of SARS-CoV-2 is more lethal than the dominant circulating strains.

Thank you so much P. Laure. I was hoping to expand on the idea of threat in the essay.

Much in line with the previous answers, some questions can be answered through qualitative analysis only, some others only through quantitative analysis while for others researchers can choose.

Too deep a specialisation in either of them is counter-productive and it often leads to an outright rejection of the other (I've seen that way too often) simply because the "other" doesn't have an answer to the same questions.

It really does not make any sense whatsoever to expect qualitative analysis to answer questions related to sampling or inferential hypothesis testing. Nor does it make any sense to expect statistics to generate theories. Should researchers receive an equal training in both, such non-questions would quickly disappear.

What I would like to add, however, is that more recently the duality qualitative - quantitative is no longer a duality, since a new kind of methodology is quickly gaining ground: it is called "qualitative comparative analysis", a fundamentally qualitative method at its core but which uses a mathematical comparative method involving numbers. As one might guess, it answers yet another type of questions that neither the traditional two methods can answer.

Progress, including the development of technology, new discoveries, the development of science, the creation of innovative solutions, etc. is made thanks to the creative work of scientists, entrepreneurs, managers, citizens running a business and implementing innovations, new solutions, technologies for economic and other processes.

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

This table in the paper below seems to show the original composition of the subscale

Lee, S.E., Dahinten, S.V. and MacPhee, M. (2016), Psychometric evaluation of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 13: 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12128

· Learn more Originally developed to rank rewards that nurses value and that encourage them to remain in their jobs, the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale (MMSS) is being used extensively in research and practice to measure nurse job satisfaction.

Background:The eight-factor, 31-item McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale is one of the most widely used scales for measuring job satisfaction among nurses. However, this scale was developed in 1990 for the American nursing context, and its psychometric validity and utility for use with non-American nurse

Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale (MMSS) Original Citation – Mueller CW, McCloskey JC. Nurses' job satisfaction: a proposed measure. Nurs Res. 1990 Mar-Apr;39(2):113-7. View in PubMed Contact Information Sharon Sweeney Center for Nursing Classification & Clinical Effectiveness College of Nursing 407 NB University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 sharon-sweeney@uiowa.edu Price & Availability – Contact Sharon Sweeney for application. Available for use with payment. Brief Description of Instrument – Measures nurses' job satisfaction in 8 domains: satisfaction with extrinsic rewards, scheduling, family/work balance, co-workers, interaction, professional opportunities, praise/recognition, and control/responsibility. Originally developed for use with hospital staff nurses. Scale Format – 5-point Likert (5=very satisfied, 3=neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 1=very dissatisfied). 31 items. Administration Technique – Self-administered questionnaire.

Scoring and Interpretation – Sum items of subscale.

Test-retest Reliability – Global scale = 0.64, six month interval. For subscale information, please see original citation. 1 / 2

Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale (MMSS) Internal Consistency – Global Scale = 0.89. For subscale information, please see original citation. Construct Validity – Correlated with characteristics from the Job Characteristics Inventory. Correlations found in areas of autonomy, friendship opportunities, feedback, variety and task identity. Correlations with intent to stay on job also found. Please see original citation for details. Criterion-Related Validity – Correlated with Brayfield-Rothe General Satisfaction Scale, Hackman and Oldham's Job Diagnostic Survey. Correlations ranging from 0.53 to 0.75 were found. Please see original citation for details. Strengths – Reliable and valid measure. Limitations – Assess different job facets, but not how important that is to the individual nurse. Notes for Consideration – Can use as a global scale or as subscales as required. Published APN Studies using instrument – Koelbel P, Fuller S & Misener T (1991). An explanatory model of nurse practitioners job satisfaction. Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 3(1), 17-24. View in PubMed Koelbel P, Fuller S & Misener T (1991b). Job satisfaction of nurse practitioners: An analysis using Herzberg’s theory. Nurse Practitioner, 16(4), 43, 46-52, 55-56. View in PubMed Wild P, Parsons V, Dietz E (2006). Nurse practitioner's characteristics and job satisfaction. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18(11), 544-549. View in PubMed Flannery J, Van Gaasbeek DE. Factors in job satisfaction of the psychiatric clinical nurse specialist. Nursingconnections. 1998 Winter;11(4):27-36. View in PubMed

Reference:

Muller McCloskey Job Satisfaction Scale MMSS is being scoring

To be more specific to your sampling task part of your question, using GIS I could classify the raster of my area of interest into, say, 3 categories ( urban, suburban, rural ), generate polygons of those, and have the GIS generate random points at a density suitable for each category. For the rural points, I could then generate for each of those points, a paired point on the local street / trail network closest to the sample point. If I have an address database, I can then use these to 'geocode' to the closest actual address for a mailed survey, a site visit etc. For the urban points, I could collect these by building footprints, and find the address of the building.

Moneef R Zou'bi , of course! Do you have any specific recommendations for books, research or other sources of information for students or professors?

Dear Pablo Baisotti,

Please search keywords "Curriculum Vitae" in google search. Thank you

Dear Dr. Arbind K. Choudhary , I do not think so.

I agree with the information provided by you while initiating this discussion, the statistical significance (what or how much is acceptable range? - is debatable) and its relevance need further investigation.

I completely agree with Dr. Anamitra Roy , the pandemic has compelled us do continue our research work without much of statistical tools.

It should be noted that the statistical test are one of the ingenious methods of extracting the hidden truth (pattern). It saves us time, effort and money.

Warm regards

Dear Muhammad Ali Khan I have made presentations using both Zoom and MS team. I personally consider Zoom to be user-friendly.

Thanks!

By demonstrating them how artificial intelligence can revolutionize their social science field.

Dear Rahmat, it depends whether you want to publish your book in a renown publishing house (such as Springer Nature or Elsevier), or whether you would be fine with just publishing it somewhere. There are lots of self-publishing models such as Lulu, Blurb or CreateSpace. You can read more here: https://mashable.com/2009/03/01/publish-book/?europe=true

Why do not you try Scimagojr? They offer journal rankings by categories and you can filter by regions and countries as well. Go to: https://www.scimagojr.com/

A very good research school on migration studies can found in the countries that have a long experience with migration: United States, Canada, or Australia. I can recommend such names and George Borjas, David Card, or Douglas Massey to start with.

من خلال كثره الطلب على سلعه معينه بهذه الطريقه ممكن ان نعمل إحصائية

Dear Joseph Crant , thank you!

I am so glad, that my "dry" question gave you so fruitful and emotional memories :) I will share with my Dad, will check what will be his answer... :)

...at the same time, you developed great idea of the hypothesis, that long-lasting memory has possibility to catch SOME important? memorable? unique? or may be enough spacious or flexible for misunderstanding? so far...

Thank you

I have just published the paper about overcoming the customer engagement scales. This is my first trial of working on it.

The real purpose of purpose-driven branding: consumer empowerment and social transformations📷, February 2021, Journal of Brand Management

There are three types of answer scales that can be used in surveys. The terms used to describe them are:

Categorical – where there is no assumption about relationships across the various answer options (e.g. male/female; red/yellow/green)

Ordinal – where a basic assumption of “rank order” exists in the answer options (e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd; <15yrs old, 15yrs-25yrs, >25yrs old), and

Continuous – where the association across all the answer options assumes a continuous relationship (e.g. age and length or distance where the value options are continuous and not reduced or grouped into categories).

Most survey designers try to develop “continuous” answer scales because these scales have the properties of numbers and much more powerful statistical tests can be used (e.g. averages can be calculated and all statistics available to the manipulation of numbers can be applied).

There are several industry practices that need to be followed to get maximum advantage from any opinion survey. These are:

Ø they must form a “continuum” – so that the answer options flow uniformly from each option as the intensity of response increases (or decreases);

Ø they must be balanced (i.e. there is a mid-point and an equal number of positive and negative options) – think of a see-saw as the metaphor;

Ø all answer options should be “behaviorally” or “verbally” “anchored (i.e. each option should have an explanation of what it means);

Ø the conceptual difference between any two points on the scale should be identical (i.e. the difference in intensity of opinion between a “1” and a “2” should be equal to that between a “4” and a “5” or any other two contiguous points on the scale).

5. the mid-point on the five-point scale should not break the continuum of the answer scale. It should usually be written as “neither/nor” or “in between”.

6. It is convention to offer a sixth answer option of “not applicable” or “don’t know”, so that those who are unable to answer a specific question can be eliminated from the data analysis.

7. these principles are important because the statistical calculations (parametric statistics) require that the answer options have certain characteristics before the statistics can apply (i.e. correlations, calculation of means, factor analysis and more the detailed and incisive inferential statistics)

Answer scales which have an even number of response options are not “balanced” and are therefore “polarized” – this means that the answer options do not form a continuum and many of the usual statistics that are calculated will be meaningless.

Michal Bron Jr - Thank you so much! This is very helpful!

Best,

Seong

I have been working in the field of domain specific artificial intelligence and domain specific synthetic languages for several years. This is a very important question. I discussed this subject with a colleague just yesterday. A few notes from our discussion follows.

There are some jobs where a person’s eyes and hands must be free to perform their work, yet they must be able to communicate with other people and computer systems that help them perform that work. In some of these jobs, safety is most important.

Although systems like Alexa and Siri are already in wide use, they do not today provide the degree of reliability and safety that would be required for use in an emergency room or neonatal ICU.

In such cases, it would be prudent to a create a task specific synthetic language designed for communication between humans and computer systems while humans perform their work, and computers answers questions, provide information, control task specific equipment, and other functions, thereby enabling a person to perform their work with their hands and eyes free to focus on the task at hand.

In short summary this would require implementation of computer systems that are able to:

· reliably hear and process spoken words

· translate spoken words into human and machine-readable form (text)

· verify that the spoken words, in human and machine-readable, form comply with the specification (grammar) of the synthetic language

· determine what question or command has been voiced by the human,

· invoke the procedure that will answer the question, provide requested information, or perform the command using task specific equipment.

· reply in some audible or visible form if the spoken words were not recognized or if the spoken words in human and machine-readable form do not comply with the specification of the synthetic language, or if they are used in the wrong context.

For added safety, before such capability is put into use, it would be necessary to generate many requests and commands both correct and incorrect in their formation to verify that both correct and incorrect commands can be successfully categorized as such.

For added safety, before such capability is put into use, it would be necessary to generate many requests and commands and to verify that the correct procedures are invoked, and through simulation, verify that the procedures safely perform the intended action.

Simply stated, a synthetic language is a set of words and set of rules for how to create requests or commands using the words of that language that can be spoken by a human, recognized by a computer, properly interpreted by a computer, and safely translated into the intended actions.

Yes! I am anxious about the current development.

Read the fundamentals of the research.

Champion, D. J. (1970). Basic statistics for social research. Scranton: Chandler Publishing Company.

I find Bernd Käpplinger 's observation about Giorgio Agamben's language quite apt. For me, Agamben's language is as radical as his philosophy. The language is far from being lucent.

I agree with Robert Trevethan and I had much the same reaction to the original factor analysis. I think the bottom line is that if you do conduct a pretest, you should use better procedures (including an oblique rotation) and not expect an exact reproduction of the earlier results.

Agreed with dear Arvind Singh

Voicebots, I guess.

Philosophy of science focuses on metaphysical, epistemic and semantic aspects of science... American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). 2011.

Dear Dr. Dariusz Prokopowicz , I hold similar views - Dr. Avishag Gordon.

In India, the University (where I work) and many other Universities started seriously considering the Scopus index for Ph.D thesis submission ( 2 articles in scopus indexed journals), promotion (computing scores), and research grants (to assess quality of research undertaken so far) and Ph.D guideship (atleast 2 in scopus or SCI or SSCI)....

So, the point is Scopus is gaining acceptance/importance but there are other indexes too...considered equally important.

Warm regards Yoganandan G

Hi David Morse , thank you so much for your response.

1. yes, this would theoretically make sense, though what does it actually mean when comparing it to the total effect?

2. not so much, i may have to think of an interpretation for this. though statistically, it does make sense considering the total effect is is negative

3. no these are expected, at the cognitive factors relate to attitudes, etc etc in regards to eating healthier fast food options (should have mentioned that before, sorry)

Thank you for your help!!!

Dear Monirul;

Sociological study seldom takes place in limited, tight quarters. In their own offices or facilities, sociologists never research subjects. Sociologists go out into the world instead. They meet subjects in which individuals live, work and play. Field research refers to the compilation without performing a laboratory experiment or a survey of primary data from a natural environment.

It is a type of assessment suited not to the scientific method but to a conceptual setting. The sociologist must be able to move into new environments and observe, interact, or observe such worlds in order to perform research work. In field work, sociologists are the ones out of their element, instead of the subjects.

Microsoft teams is the best platform for team meetings, group discussions and group seminars..

Dear Colleague,

are you interested in "the biggest" or the most relevant? You complain about "specific field of science" but ask for exactly such?

Yes, there are very general databases as well as a great number of more specific. International and national.

To guide you towards the most relevant one needs to know more about your interests.

I would rather suggest the following - if you are associated to any university (as a student, teacher, researcher) you should contact university library. Staff there conduct no research by their own, but usually is very competent in guiding students and scholars. You will learn there which databases are available for you (which are subscribed).

In short - a visit to your university library is a very good beginning.

Wish you luck

Dear Muhammad Fahim ,

The journal is published by European Open Access Publishing (EUROPA), this publisher is included in the updated version of the Beall’s list: https://beallslist.net/#update

-The contact info of this ‘publisher’ is vague

-For an ‘European’ journal the APC is suspiciously low (39 euro)

-No content during the entire first year

I would say better to avoid this one.

Best regards.

The awareness create ambidexterity in both exploration and exploitation, within incremental versus radical innovation

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

Hello Dear Everyone,

In the New Year of 2021, I wish all researchers, scientists and users of the Research Gate portal fulfill their plans and dreams, success in their professional work and personal life, success in the field of research and publication of their results, all the best. I wish all my colleagues and friends from the Research Gate portal that the New Year 2021 will be better than the previous years, that the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic ends as soon as possible, that there is a quick return to "normal", to the pre-pandemic state . The year 2021 begins a new decade of many new challenges related to solving key problems of the development of civilization, solving problems resulting from the pandemic crisis, economic, social and climate crises, etc. Let us hope that the development of science, further scientific research, new technologies, the current fourth technological revolution will enable the solution of key problems of civilization development.

Happy New Year 2021

Best regards, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

La investigación no esta al servicio de la educación, ambas están al servicio del desarrollo económico de los países, esencialmente educar permite la formación e mano de obra calificada y profesional para continuar con el modelo económico y la investigación permite el avance de los elementos que permiten generar competitividad al interior del panorama geopolítico de la época. No hay que olvidar que ambas son empleadas para fines de lucro y para asegurar los primeros lugares a nivel socioeconómico en el mundo.

It may be arriving late. Sophia, what type of causality are you looking for? If you are looking for time series causality there are good libraries in R and Python. Search for "Casual Impact". It is an algorithm developed by Google. You can find econometric papers and software libraries that implement it.

Your question implies one of these two is the BEST. Why do you make this assumption? Also, as previous people have noted, "it depends" which of these is likely to be better on both your circumstances and what you are specifically working on. I use both, but one about 95% of the time and one about 1% of the time (and 4% on other ones), but I don't know what you are trying to do.

Professor Mahmoud Eldabh,

Thank you for your concern, but this question is not region specific rather to have general understanding how these areas are contributing in the different parts of the world.

Peer-reviews are not made publicly available. There are two chances to read these: 1. You are an author or co-author and get the reviews from the publisher. 2. You know the author of a publication personally and may ask him/her to send you the reviews.

I have this feeling that "causal inference" and "natural-born storytellers" are so different from each other - already at the level of the underlying logic - that it is impossible to lump them both together under a single category. To use the conventional terminology at the moment: on the one hand there is 'evidence-based research' that presupposes the Western 'dualism' between facts and symbols, objectivity and subjectivity, going back at least as far as Descartes - the other is narrative, which presupposes a tale told by an individual person, of the 'this is what I have seen/experienced' type. This is after all the common heritage of the 'West', and most especially the Protestant North of Europe: this acceptance of a fundamental 'difference' between the objective here, the subjective there. From what you write, one has this feeling that what you call 'linearity bias' presupposes that this distinction between objectivity and subjectivity in the above sense no longer holds. Would you be prepared to elaborate on why you think this is so?

Fab subject to discuss. I do find the null hypothesis missing somewhat in some fields of research. Rejecting the null hypothesis is not so declarative. Rather than saying 'this is the answer' you can say 'this is not the answer'. If this turns out to be counter-intuitive it maybe even more interesting an outcome. What is important is the methodology not the answer.

The responder who used the example of 'poverty' I think also raises an important point, one of operationalising concepts if you are not dealing with hard science or something categorically defined such as 'the law says this'.

The following titles will help you achieve this through different guidelines and tips that range from choosing the subject to how to present it and defend it in court:

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This text is available online.

Dear ,

Yes, this type of market research, consumer target group research, etc. the level and nature of innovation are an important element of the analysis of the determinants of development of a specific economic entity, financial institution.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

There is a wide and varied list of benefits in international research teams such as: Access foreign or joint facilities and equipment. Sharing and access to techniques and skills. Increase knowledge capacity, goodwill and understanding.

Personal inspiration, ambition and reputation. There is chance of further links and enhance future funding opportunities and collaboration of work. Understanding of cultural and personal experiences.

Final collection can be now accessed here: https://ascelibrary.org/jmenea/resilience_infrastructure_interdisciplinary

And we also discussed the special collection concluding remarks here: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ME.1943-5479.0000871

I agree with David Eugene Booth that there is nothing unique about your analysis. Your model basically proposes an interaction effect so that effect of the dichotomous variable differs according to the level of the categorical, moderating variable.

Hennepin County https://www.icarol.info/ResourceView2.aspx?org=78732&agencynum=36898856 offers many social services and would have 1 or more intake screening forms. Homeless shelters such as Adult Shelter Connect https://www.simpsonhousing.org/our-programs/need-help/ , Hope Street Shelter https://www.cctwincities.org/hopestreet/ , or People Serving People https://www.peopleservingpeople.org/ would likely have forms that they use.

Dear Sunny Chi Lik Au,

This largely depends on the system of financing science in a given country and the policy of financing research in specific types of universities. It is not a comfortable solution for researchers and scientists to independently search for sources of funding for their research. Systems of granting grants and subsidies for specific research projects should be developed and improved, taking into account the potential effects of the results of these studies on solving specific problems of the development of civilization.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Dr Sunny Chu Lik Au:

Thank for raising this important question. There is a dilemma of general or subspecialty. Subspecialty is important in developing the management of cases but in the same time it created a pinhole vision of the physicians and no one is looking to the patient as one unit and look to the overall need. Each subspecialty want to put the optimum for his work regardless of the overall need of the patient or his stage need.

I support my colleagues in the importance of training in general surgery for every other surgical specialty. I suggest 1 year as minimum time spend in general surgery if not making degree in general surgery as requirement for doing subspecialty study.

Different poster presentation competitions may have different assessment criteria. Presenters are encouraged to request and read through the criteria if available. The assessment criteria for the poster presentation competition of the professional association (International Association for Dental Research, Australian & New Zealand Division) that I judge for are: 30% scientific merit, 40% oral presentation, and 30% questions & answers (Q&A). The scientific merit is assessed according to the strength of research (novelty, contribution to science and health, research methods used, level of project completion, etc.). The oral presentation is evaluated based on the 3-5 minutes' brief presentation given by each contestant and the judges focus on how clear the research message is made in the presentation, good presentation skills (eye contact, gestures, tones, confidence, etc.) and time management. The Q&A component is assessed based on the presenter's answers to the judges' questions. We would like to know the presenter's involvement level and understanding of her/his research topic, as well as the challenge, alternative methods, potential value and future indications of the research.

According to my experiences, most presenters did not differ too much in the scores of the oral presentation component because the presentation could be prepared and practiced in advance and most presenters have done so already. The scientific merit and Q&A are the key components that differentiate the presenters significantly. It's quite often to see some presenters being not familiar with the sampling methods, lab experiments, clinical procedures or statistic methods they used. They could not explain the reasons why the specific methods or procedures were selected and used by them. Some poster presentations showed no novalty at all, since the researchers just duplicated and repeated the methods of the projects that have been published by other people. Further, some researchers only presented the percentages of the data and made an inference directly based on the percentages. This shows a poor understanding of research methods and statistic analysis; consequently those presenters did not win the poster presentation competition.

In summary, the tips for winning a poster presentation award include: (1) a research topic or research method that has not been fully presented or published by other people, (2) a good study design with appropriate research methods that can lead to an impactful scientific inference, (3) a thorough understanding of the research methods and results of your project, and (4) having several rehearsals before presenting in a poster competition.

Revered Professor Dr.Dariusz Prokopowicz,

Thank you for having sent the reply to my comment. Things will change definitely because the carbon emissions are main root cause of the climate change in the world.

The time has already warned our citizens to change the shape of the life. Let us work together in the future Prof.

Regards

Philosophy teaches us how to think. It is not a "science", a set of "sciences", and has not any compromises with ideas of "innovation", "creativity", even less with "technology", "design" and all the other words that are nowadays used and abused around knowledge. However, philosophy is indispensable for sciences, scientific research, and knowledge innovation precisely because it illuminates how to ask, how to inquiry, and how to search for knowledgeable answers. Most of the main subjects of philosophy still are long-term inquiries on the meaning of life, moral conduct, the value of knowledge, human virtues, love, or justice that have been discussed for thousands of years, finding new answers and paths towards a meaningful humanistic life. Philosophy doesn't need to be innovative but only to be serious and profound, keeping epistemic requirements, logic processes, and ontological exactions. It is enough to maintain philosophy with its original wonderful meaning: philein and sophia or the love of wisdom.

Good question. My general approach is a theory of action framework that considers actors responding to situations (=perceived and evaluated conditions of actions) according to their interests by formulating goals and utilising resources to achieve these goals. From this follows that interests and properties of actors are always intervening variables. On the conditions side, I have a heuristic that distinguishes kinds of conditions of actions - epistemic/technological, economic, social (in a narrower sense), institutional, and cultural. This gives me a frame for my search that I believe to be exhaustive, i.e. it makes sure that I don't overlook conditions. For empirical investigations, cases are selected in order to systematically vary some of these conditions (described by independent variables), while others are kept constant. Concerning effects, I am only interested in specific effects, which means that I am selective but also open for unexpected effects, feedback loops etc. As a qualitative researcher who is intersted in causal mechanisms, I then thinka bout actions /sequences of actions that mediate between conditions and effects because they are likely to occur under the conditions of interest and are likely to produce the effects I am interested in. These sequences of actions are likely to 'contain' the mechanisms I am looking for.

I'm sorry for this being rather brief and crude but the question is too complex for RG. :)

Dear Professor John D Crawford , many thanks for your reply. To be honest, I haven't expected any responses since I published this question several months ago.

Indeed, in my case, I have the wording of two items which might appear similar due to the core of both statements. That was my main concern regarding whether this point might be considered as a sound justification for correlating the error terms.

nuclear and chemical weapons

Peter Moorer, thanks for your explanation. What I make out of your explanation is the average out values restrict the range (variation) thus more suitable.

Some technologies will make some people happier and some technologies will make some people less happy. It's a matter of an individual's tastes, preferences, and circumstances.

I do agree with the amazing answer and opinions of dr. Amjed 🌹🌺